The 13Th-Century Conquest of Prussia Reconsidered
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Darius PETKŪNAS – the Sources of the 1545 Old Prussian Language
THE SOURCES OF THE 1545 OLD PRUSSIAN LANGUAGE CATECHISMS Darius Petkūnas Abstract The Teutonic Order in Prussia recognised and acknowledged its responsibility to catechise both the German-speaking colonists and the native population. The Reformation made no radical changes to these requirements, but gave them serious attention. During the 1540s to the 1560s, several Catechisms for the non-German subjects of the Duke of Prussia were pre- pared and published in Königsberg, including three in the Old Prussian language. The editor 189 of the first and second Old Prussian-language Catechisms published bilingual books, with the German Catechism on the left-hand page, and the same text on the right-hand page in the Old Prussian language. Reinhold Trautmann established that the source of the Decalogue in these books was Luther’s 1531 Small Catechism. However, he had difficulties confirming the sources of the remaining four parts of the Catechism, since he found a number of words and phrases which could not be identified as coming from Luther’s Catechisms. The article elaborates on Trautmann’s thesis that the source of the German Decalogue is Luther’s 1531 Enchiridion. In addition, it argues that the sources of the remaining parts of the Catechism were German-lan- guage catechetical and liturgical texts that were circulating in Prussia at that time. KEY WORDS: Duchy of Prussia, catechisation, Old Prussian language, Martin Luther. ANOTACIJA Vokiečių ordinas Prūsijoje suvokė ir pripažino savo pareigą katechizuoti tiek vokiečiakalbius ko- lonistus, tiek ir vietinius gyventojus. Reformacija neturėjo esminės įtakos šiems reikalavimams atsirasti, bet sustiprino jiems teikiamą dėmesį. -
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade
Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 18 January 2017 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PRUSSIAN CRUSADE The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade explores the archaeology and material culture of the Crusade against the Prussian tribes in the thirteenth century, and the subsequent society created by the Teutonic Order that lasted into the six- teenth century. It provides the first synthesis of the material culture of a unique crusading society created in the south-eastern Baltic region over the course of the thirteenth century. It encompasses the full range of archaeological data, from standing buildings through to artefacts and ecofacts, integrated with writ- ten and artistic sources. The work is sub-divided into broadly chronological themes, beginning with a historical outline, exploring the settlements, castles, towns and landscapes of the Teutonic Order’s theocratic state and concluding with the role of the reconstructed and ruined monuments of medieval Prussia in the modern world in the context of modern Polish culture. This is the first work on the archaeology of medieval Prussia in any lan- guage, and is intended as a comprehensive introduction to a period and area of growing interest. This book represents an important contribution to promot- ing international awareness of the cultural heritage of the Baltic region, which has been rapidly increasing over the last few decades. Aleksander Pluskowski is a lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at the University of Reading. Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 -
Ost- U. Westpreußen Resources (Including Danzig) at the IGS Library
Ost- u. WestPreußen Resources (including Danzig) at the IGS Library Introduction to East & West Prussia and Danzig The Map Guide to German Parish Registers series has five volumes devoted to this region, #44 through #48. The first two cover West Prussia, with #44 devoted to the Regierungsbezirk Danzig and #45 the RB Marienwerder. The last three are for East Prussia, and deal with RB Allenstein, RB Königsberg and RB Gumbinnen, respectively. A note from Mark F. Rabideau on OW-Preussen-L for 1 June 2015: As for the broader situation regarding Pommern records, I would guess there is a about a 80-90% record loss due to WW2 It is truly bleak. Westpreussen fared somewhat better; the record loss there is more on the order of ~40% across that former region. The bottom line is that the LDS records are most likely your best record source (currently). It may be that archion will eventually provide (in the future) some currently unavailable records (but that is hard to know for certain). See: http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Archion Region-wide Resources Online Research in former (pre-1945) German lands — http://www.heimat-der-vorfahren.de [O/W] Prussian Antiquarian Society (German) — http://www.prussia-gesellschaft.de Society: Verein für Familienforschung in O/WPr. — http://www.vffow.de/default.htm [To enter the online databases, Login Name = “Gast” & Passwort = “vffow”.] (former) East German Gen. Assoc. (German) — http://www.agoff.de German-Baltic Gen. Soc. (German) — http://www.dbgg.de/index.htm Researching Germans in today’s Poland — http://www.unsere-ahnen.de Forum on former areas — http://forum.ahnenforschung.net/archive/index.php/f-43.html Forum topics organized by Kreis — http://www.deutscheahnen.de/forum/ Placename listings — http://www.schuka.net/FamFo/HG/orte_a.htm http://www.schuka.net/FamFo/HG/Aemter-OWP.htm Placenames, translations from German to present-day Polish — https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_deutscher_Bezeichnungen_polnischer_Orte Family names — http://forum.naanoo.com/freeboard/board/index.php?userid=21893 Scots in E. -
Introduction to Lithuanian Genealogy
Introduction to Lithuanian Genealogy Angela Sinickas [email protected] Why me? • All four grandparents and both parents were born in Lithuania • Relatives include Catholics and Lutherans, as well as some unidentified Ashkenazi • I grew up speaking Lithuanian and went to Lithuanian school • I’ve been to Lithuania about 10 times Introduction to Lithuanian Genealogy 2 © Angela Sinickas Shiromani 2019 Why• My me?family tree now includes 12,341 family members Introduction to Lithuanian Genealogy 3 © Angela Sinickas Shiromani 2019 Factors that will affect your ancestor searches • Language: Lithuanian is one of the oldest languages, and closest to the Lithuanian: original Indo-European root language Dievas dave dantis, Dievas duos duonos • More similar to Sanskrit than any Slavic or Scandinavian language Sanskrit: • Grammar more similar to Latin and Devas adat datas, Devas dasyati dhanas Greek • Calendar: Gregorian calendar replaced Polish: Julian calendar in Russian territories Bóg dał zęby, Bóg da chleb Feb. 14, 1918, losing 13 days • Most of the rest of Europe changed over in 1752, when 11 days were lost Swedish: Gud gav tänder, Gud kommer att ge bröd • History and geography: Changing borders and occupying countries will affect the language of your records and English: where to look for them God gave teeth, God will give bread Introduction to Lithuanian Genealogy 4 © Angela Sinickas Shiromani 2019 Borders of Lithuania over the years • Originally many Baltic languages: Old Prussian, Curonian, Galindian, Lithuanian, Latvian, etc. • Estonia, -
True History of Christianity Part1
““JohnJohn SmithSmith”” TheThe TrueTrue HistoryHistory ofof ChristianityChristianity LLet him who seeks continue seeking until he finds. When he finds, he will become troubled. When he becomes troubled, he will be astonished ... Jesus said ... For nothing hidden will not become manifest, and nothing covered will remain without being uncovered. The apocryphal Gospel of Thomas, a 4th Century ‘heretical’ text discovered at Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in 1945. MMany others, who oppose the truth and are the messengers of error, will set up their error ... thinking that good and evil are from one (source) ... but those of this sort will be cast into the outer darkness. From the Apocalypse of Peter, also found at Nag Hammadi. “Jesus said, ... For there are five trees for you in Paradise which remain undisturbed summer and winter and whose leaves do not fall. Whoever becomes acquainted with them will not experience death”. The apocryphal Gospel of Thomas II:19, also found at Nag Hammadi. The True History of Christianity “John Smith” 2005 4 The True History of Christianity DEDICATIONS This book is dedicated to a number of individuals who played an important part in this project - Firstly, no greater thanks can go to my family who patiently waited 10 years while their dad finished this book, and to my folks for their assistance when the going was really tough. Thanks also to the idiot who undid my wheel nuts (almost wiping out an entire family), not to mention the vile piece of of filth who cut through my brake hose causing my vehicle to spin out of control. -
1. Region of Warmia and Mazury
1. Region of Warmia and Mazury The beauty of the region is the charming and picturesque greenery, more than 2000 lakes and a large area of forests. That’s why our region is called The land of thousand lakes (Inspired by tales of One Thousand and One Nights). The area of Warmia and Mazury are in fact two historic provinces, joined into one because of their location close to each other. They are located in northern Poland, near the border with Russia and east of the lower Vistula River. Region is a paradise for sailors, joined into several sailing routes, it offer excellent conditions not only for sailing, but also canoeing and other water sports. Once there, you can find historical signs dating back to the times of the Crusader Knights, Prussian rule and World War II. Links: o http://www.warmia.mazury.pl/index.php?lang=en o http://www.lonelyplanet.com/poland/warmia-and-masuria o http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/web/geography/regions/warmia/link.shtml o http://www.en.atrakcje.olsztyn.pl/ 1.1 History of region Warmia (Varmia) This historic region in the North of Poland was ceded to Poland from Prussia in 1466 by the Crusader Knights, later passed to Prussia in 1772, and reverted to Poland after the second World War. Through the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference of 1945 the victorious Allies divided East Prussia into the two parts now known as Oblast Kaliningrad (in Russia) and the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (in Poland). People was evacuated or fled the advancing Red Army in 1945. -
Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948
Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 By Nicole M. Eaton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Yuri Slezkine, chair Professor John Connelly Professor Victoria Bonnell Fall 2013 Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 © 2013 By Nicole M. Eaton 1 Abstract Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 by Nicole M. Eaton Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Yuri Slezkine, Chair “Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948,” looks at the history of one city in both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Russia, follow- ing the transformation of Königsberg from an East Prussian city into a Nazi German city, its destruction in the war, and its postwar rebirth as the Soviet Russian city of Kaliningrad. The city is peculiar in the history of Europe as a double exclave, first separated from Germany by the Polish Corridor, later separated from the mainland of Soviet Russia. The dissertation analyzes the ways in which each regime tried to transform the city and its inhabitants, fo- cusing on Nazi and Soviet attempts to reconfigure urban space (the physical and symbolic landscape of the city, its public areas, markets, streets, and buildings); refashion the body (through work, leisure, nutrition, and healthcare); and reconstitute the mind (through vari- ous forms of education and propaganda). Between these two urban revolutions, it tells the story of the violent encounter between them in the spring of 1945: one of the largest offen- sives of the Second World War, one of the greatest civilian exoduses in human history, and one of the most violent encounters between the Soviet army and a civilian population. -
Ordines Militares Xxiii
ORDINES◆ MILITARES COLLOQUIA TORUNENSIA HISTORICA XXIII Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders ! " # $ ISSN (print) "$&'-!""$ / ISSN (online) !*+#-',#! DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/OM.2018.016 Alicja Dobrosielska. Opór, oportunizm, współpraca: Prusowie wobec zakonu krzyżackiego w dobie podboju [ Resistance, Opportunism, Cooperations: Old Prussian attitudes towards the Teutonic Order during the Age of Conquest ]. Monumenta Literaria Prussiae, Seria C, Monografie !. Olsztyn: Oficyna Wy- dawnicza Pruthenia, "#$!. "%& + " pp. ISBN: &!'-'%-&%("$(-&-!. Alicja Dobrosielska seeks to understand the processes of deep cultural change oc- curring among Old Prussian tribes during the time when their lands were being conquered by the Teutonic Order. Her premise is that the Teutonic Order was not the source of these changes, but rather served as a catalyst that initiated them. The main goal of her monograph is to identify and describe Old Prussian attitudes towards the Teutonic Order’s conquest, and to assess the degree to which the Old Prussians participated in the creation of the new socio-political realities around them. The author does not use traditional research methods, centred around his- torical events, but instead focuses on the social context of analysed attitudes and juxtaposes the results of her study with the popular, very one-sided perception of Old Prussian culture. The work, therefore, attempts to highlight the pro-active role of Old Prussian autochthons whose role has so far been considered mainly on the margins of broader studies that focus on the creation of the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia. The study’s chronological framework spans from the "#$%s to the turn of the "$th and "&th centuries. -
Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division -
Antemurale, XXV, 1981
INSTITUTUM HISTORICUM POLONICUM ROMA E xxv ANTEMURALE NON EXSTINGUETUR ROMAE 1981 INSTITUTUM HISTORICUM POLONICUM ROMAE 19 VIA VIRGINIO ORSINI 00192 ROMA ANTEMURALE, I-XXIV, ROMAE, 1954-1980 ELEMENTA AD FONTIUM EDITIONES Vol. I - Polonica ex Libris Obligationum et Solutionum Camerae Apostolicae. Coliegit J. LISOWSKI, pp. XV+292, 704 doc. (A.D. 1373-1565) Ind. nom. propr., 1960. (Archivum Secretum Vaticanum). Vol. II - "Liber Disparata Antiqua Continens" Praes. E. WINK LER, pp. XVIII+190, 281 doc. (ante a. 1424) 19 facs. Ind. nom. propr. 1960. (Archivum Capituli Trident.). Vol. III - Repertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Orsini in Archivo Capitolino, I pa.rs. Coli. W. WYHOWSKA - DE ANDREIS, XVIII+162, 1144 doc. (A.D. 1565-1787) 29 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. ~hron . 1961. Vol. IV - Res Polonicae Elisabetha l Angliae Regnante Conscriptae ex Archivis Publicis Londoniarum. Ed. C. H. TALBOT, pp. XVI+311, 166 doc. (A.D. 1578-1603) 9 tab., lnd. nom. propr., .ind. chnon., gloosarium verb. ang. anrt:., 1961. Vol. V - Repertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Dragonetti de Torres in Civitate Aquilana. Ed. P. COLLURA, pp. XI+86, 483 doc. (A.D. 1568-1682) 4 tab. 1962. Vol. VI - Res Polonicae lacobo l Angliae Regnan,te Conscriptae ex Archivis Publicis Londoniarum. Ed. C. H. TALBOT, pp. X1+396, 281 doc. (A.D. 1603-1629) 8 tab. lnd. nom. propr., ind. chron., glossarium verb. ang. ant. 1962. Vol. VII - Repertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Orsini in Archivo Capitolino, II pars. Coli. W. WYHOWSKA - DE ANDREIS, pp. XIV+250, 1205 doc. (A.D. 1641-1676) 11 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. -
SCANDINAVIANS and WEST-BALTS in 2013 and 2014
QUAESTIONES MEDII AEVI NOVAE (2014) MAREK JAGODZIŃSKI ELBLĄG SCANDINAVIANS AND WEST-BALTS CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY ON THE ISSUE OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE SCANDINAVIANS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC-POLITICAL STRUCTURES IN WEST-BALTS DURING THE VIKING AGE In 2013 and 2014, were created in Europe two large and important archaeological exhibitions: “Vikings. Life and Legend”, which was created by three European Museums: Staatliche Museen (Berlin), British Museum (London) and National Museum of Denmark (Copenhagen) and “The World in the Viking Age” organised by the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde. For both exhibitions were prepared extensive catalogues that represent the newest state of knowledge about the Viking Age1. At these exhibitions are presented artefacts discovered during the archaeological research in Truso emporium. Since these exhibitions, only marginally discuss relationships between Scandinavian and Balts, should be, even fragmentary discusses this issue. In European archaeology, which deals with “Viking Age”, there is a continuous increase of interest about the problems of craft and commercial centres in the Baltic Sea region – the so-called “early urban sett lements”. This is due to the fact, that such sett lements appeared in all locations: Scandinavian, Slavic and Baltic areas, as well as the fact that their role in the social and economic development of early medieval communities has not yet been conclusively determined. The appearance of places, especially in the regions of Slavic and Baltic colonisation, where foreign infl uence (usually Scandinavian) is easily observable and perhaps even dominated culturally, 1 Vikings. Life and Legend, eds. G. Williams, P. Pentz , M. Wemhoff , London 2014; The World in the Viking Age, eds. -
POLAND REVISITED Much of the Country Is on the North European
POLAND REVISITED By Mike McPhee [This is the text of an Address at the Sydney Unitarian Church on 08 March 2020.] Poland is a country with a long history, glorious much of the time but with some tragic periods. With a popu- lation of 39 million, it is the sixth most populous country in the European Union and also the seventh largest in both area and GDP. Its capital, Warsaw has 1.8 million inhabitants and another six cities have populations between 400,000 and 800,000: Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin. Much of the country is on the North European Plain, therefore largely flat and fertile, but most of its southern borders are mountainous with extensive foothills further north. Its main river is the Vistula, which crosses the entire country, but the Oder River flows through the southwest and then forms the border with Germany. (Both rivers have many tributaries, however, as can be seen on the map.) The region has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years and it became the centre of the Lusatian culture during the Bronze and Iron Ages (1300 – 500 BCE). While numerous Slavic tribes had arrived by then, there were other ethnicities present and archeologists are reluctant to speculate on who the Lusatians actually were. What is known is that they had pottery, metalwork, extensive agriculture and fortified settlements. By the 10th Century CE, Slavs were the dominant ethnicity in the region and the five major tribes were united by Duke Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty to form a Polish state whose borders were surprisingly similar to those of the present day.