Principles of Plant Taxonomy. I
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BIOL/APBI 324 – Introduction to Seed Plant Taxonomy
This syllabus is a general representation of the course as previously offered and is subject to change. BIOL/APBI 324 – Introduction to Seed Plant Taxonomy General Course Syllabus (as of September 2019) About the Course: Course Description: An introduction to seed plant taxonomy emphasizing descriptive morphology and identification. Each student will be required to submit a plant collection. Correct understanding of the actual relationships between plants, rather than superficial resemblance, is the basis of comparative biology required to analyze the diversity of plant forms. The species diversity of plants is considerable, and this course will pay particular attention to very diverse and important groups such as the grasses and the orchids, focusing on reasons for their evolutionary success. Identification skills will be inculcated by the lectures working in tandem with the laboratory sessions. This course aims to give students a good working knowledge of plant taxonomy as a preparation for work in any biological discipline. Course Format: Lecture and Laboratory Credits: 3 Pre-requisites: BIOL 121 Course Learning Objectives: By the end of this course, students will be able to: • Achieve a good working knowledge of concepts, principles, and recent discoveries in plant taxonomy. • Gain an overview of seed plant diversity, including the most species-rich plant families and so be able to place any botanical information in the overall context of plant diversity. • Learn ways in which their knowledge can be applied to ecology and evolutionary biology. • Gain an appreciation of how current research in the field is being done by reading recent research papers. Textbooks and Additional Resources: Laboratory fee: $25; please bring to first lab. -
Principles of Plant Taxonomy, V.*
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXVIII MARCH, 1928 No. 2 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY, V.* JOHN H. SCHAFFNER, Ohio State University. After studying the taxonomy of plants for twenty-five years the very remarkable fact became evident that there is no general correspondence of the taxonomic system with the environment, but as the great paleontologist, Williams, said in 1895: "environmental conditions are but the medium through which organic evolution has been determinately ploughing its way." Of course, the very fact that there is a system of phylogenetic relationships of classes, orders, families, and genera and that these commonly have no general correspondence to environment shows that, in classifying the plant material, we must discard all notions of teleological, utilitarian, and selective factors as causative agents of evolution. The general progressive movement has been carried on along quite definite lines. The broader and more fundamental changes appeared first and are practically constant, and on top of these, .potentialities or properties of smaller and smaller value have been introduced, until at the end new factors of little general importance alone are evolved. These small potentialities are commonly much less stable than the more fundamental ones and thus great variability in subordinate characters is often present in the highest groups. We must then think of the highest groups as being full of hereditary potentialities while the lower groups have comparatively few. As stated above, there is a profound non-correspondence of the .taxonomic system and the various orthogenetic series with the environment. The system of plants, from the taxonomic point of view, is non-utilitarian. -
Principles of Plant Taxonomy Bot
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY BOT 222 Dr. M. Ajmal Ali, PhD 1 What is Taxonomy / Systematics ? Animal group No. of species Amphibians 6,199 Birds 9,956 Fish 30,000 Mammals 5,416 Tundra Reptiles 8,240 Subtotal 59,811 Grassland Forest Insects 950,000 Molluscs 81,000 Q: Why we keep the stuffs of our home Crustaceans 40,000 at the fixed place or arrange into some Corals 2,175 kinds of system? Desert Others 130,200 Rain forest Total 1,203,375 • Every Human being is a Taxonomist Plants No. of species Mosses 15,000 Ferns and allies 13,025 Gymnosperms 980 Dicotyledons 199,350 Monocotyledons 59,300 Green Algae 3,715 Red Algae 5,956 Lichens 10,000 Mushrooms 16,000 Brown Algae 2,849 Subtotal 28,849 Total 1,589,361 • We have millions of different kind of plants, animals and microorganism. We need to scientifically identify, name and classify all the living organism. • Taxonomy / Systematics is the branch of science deals with classification of organism. 2 • Q. What is Plant Taxonomy / Plant systematics We study plants because: Plants convert Carbon dioxide gas into Every things we eat comes Plants produce oxygen. We breathe sugars through the process of directly or indirectly from oxygen. We cannot live without photosynthesis. plants. oxygen. Many chemicals produced by the Study of plants science helps to Study of plants science helps plants used as learn more about the natural Plants provide fibres for paper or fabric. to conserve endangered medicine. world plants. We have millions of different kind of plants, animals and microorganism. -
Cupressaceae Et Taxodiaceae
AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm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
Botsad 03 2018.Indd
БЮЛЛЕТЕНЬ ГЛАВНОГО БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА 3/2018 (Выпуск 204) ISSN: 0366-502Х СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Учредители: Федеральное государственное ИНТРОДУКЦИЯ И АККЛИМАТИЗАЦИЯ бюджетное учреждение науки Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН ООО «Научтехлитиздат»; ООО «Мир журналов». Издатель: Фирсов Г.А. ООО «Научтехлитиздат» Журнал зарегистрирован федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи Представители рода тисс (Taxus L.) в Ботаническом саду Петра Великого .........3 информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Шейко В.В. Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ № ФС77-46435 Lonicera chamissoi Bunge ex P.Kir. в природе и культуре ......................................12 Подписные индексы ОАО «Роспечать» 83164 «Пресса России» 11184 Волчанская А.В., Фирсов Г.А. Главный редактор: Демидов А.С., доктор биологических Долговечность и устойчивость редких древесных растений флоры наук, профессор, Россия Редакционная коллегия: России в Ботаническом саду Петра Великого .......................................................19 Бондорина И.А. доктор биол. наук, Россия Виноградова Ю.К. доктор биол. наук Россия Горбунов Ю.Н. доктор биол. наук, Сахарова С.Г., Орлова Л.В., Тарасевич В.Ф. (зам. гл. редактора), Россия Иманбаева А.А. канд. биол. наук, Казахстан Молканова О.И. канд. с/х наук, Россия К уточнению таксономии видов коллекции ботанического сада Плотникова Л.С. доктор биол. наук, проф. Россия Решетников В.Н. доктор биол. наук, СПбГЛТА (на примере Pseudolarix amabilis (J. Nelson) Rehder )..........................27 проф., Беларусь Романов М.С. канд.биол.наук, Россия Семихов В.Ф. доктор биол.наук, проф. Россия Кабанов А.В. Ткаченко О.Б. доктор биол. наук, Россия Шатко В.Г. канд. биол. наук (отв. секретарь), Россия Особенности формирования коллекции астильбы в ГБС РАН ............................40 Швецов А.Н. канд. биол. наук, Россия Huang Hongwen Prof., China Peter Wyse Jackson Dr., Prof.,USA Бугаев В.В. -
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Genes and Genomes: Copy Number Variation of the Chalcone Synthase Gene in the Context of Brassicaceae Evolution
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Genes and Genomes: Copy Number Variation of the Chalcone Synthase Gene in the Context of Brassicaceae Evolution Dissertation submitted to the Combined Faculties for Natural Sciences and for Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by Liza Paola Ding born in Mosbach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Oral examination: 22.12.2014 Referees: Prof. Dr. Marcus A. Koch Prof. Dr. Claudia Erbar Table of contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 18 1 THE MUSTARD FAMILY ....................................................................................... 19 2 THE TRIBAL SYSTEM OF THE BRASSICACEAE ........................................... 22 3 CHALCONE SYNTHASE ........................................................................................ 23 PART 1: TROUBLE WITH THE OUTGROUP............................................................ 27 4 MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................. 28 4.1 Experimental set-up ......................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1 Plant material and data composition .............................................................................................. 28 4.1.2 DNA extraction and PCR amplification ........................................................................................ -
Metadata for Plant Seeds: Taxonomy, Standards, Issues, and Impact
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UNL | Libraries University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln November 2009 Metadata for Plant Seeds: Taxonomy, Standards, Issues, and Impact Erin Wilson San Jose State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Wilson, Erin, "Metadata for Plant Seeds: Taxonomy, Standards, Issues, and Impact" (2009). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 306. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/306 Library Philosophy and Practice 2009 ISSN 1522-0222 Metadata for Plant Seeds: Taxonomy, Standards, Issues, and Impact Erin Wilson Berkeley, CA Introduction It is an interesting time to be looking at metadata about plant seeds: a growing awareness of the importance of biodiversity has brought international attention to seed collecting, saving, and information sharing. At the same time, scientists are continually learning more about seeds at the most basic biological level, and this new knowledge is raising questions about the taxonomic systems scientists have used since the 1700s. Contemporary seed metadata is a complex and diverse area for study. This paper is divided into four sections. First, it will begin by looking at the taxonomic systems employed by botanists and discussing current trends and issues in that area of seed metadata. Second, the most prominent seed metadata standards will be examined. Third, the emerging field of bioinformatics will be addressed, and finally the impact of biodiversity impact on seed metadata will be explored by looking at the major seed collecting and saving organizations and projects. -
Plant Collection and Herbarium Techniques
K. Maden / Our Nature (2004) 2:53-57 Plant Collection and Herbarium Techniques K. Maden Tribhuvan University Department of Botany Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar, Nepal E-mail: [email protected] The collection of plants began in the 16 th clipper, heater. century. Later, J.P.Tourefort (ca 1700, France) v) firstaidbox, topographicmaps, computer, used the term herbarium for plants (Bridson binocular and Forman 1999). Plant collections are essentials for taxonomic researches because Collection procedure they serve as voucher specimens. They also Twig with good flowers need to be help to identify the family, genus and species. collected for the specimen. The portion of the So a herbarium is basically a storehouse of specimen should have to contain clear botanical specimens, which are arranged in the phyllotaxy and the branching system. For small sequence of an accepted classification system, herb, collection of more specimens as could and available for reference or other scientific fix on the herbarium sheet (up to six) is study. desirable. In general, secateurs are used to Once mounted and deposited in the cut the twigs, while for a bit height or down, herbarium, the collections are referred to as pruner is used, and for spiny specimens, such herbarium specimens. Such herbarium as Berberis mucrifolia, leather glove is specimens can be stored for many years and required. For ferns and herbs, digger is applied as such, they serve as: (i) historical collection, to take out underground portion. Some plants (ii) reference collection for checking the stem lies horizontally under the ground; for identity of newly collected plants, (iii) as an example, some Salix and Myricaria species. -
User Documentation for the Australian National Herbarium Specimen Information Register (ANHSIR)
1 User Documentation for the Australian National Herbarium Specimen Information Register (ANHSIR) Written by Julie Matarczyk Dataentry Co-ordinator, and Lee Halasz, Spatial Databaser, Australian National Herbarium Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research February 2004 Revised by Maggie Nightingale, Herbarium Registrar Nov 2009 Contents Introduction The five screens in ANHSIR: LABEL, EVENT, UNIT, ITEM and DET The Data Entry Screens: EVENT, UNIT, ITEM and DET The Query Screens: LABEL and EVENT Basic Data Entry – A single Herbarium Specimen The EVENT Screen The UNIT Screen The ITEM Screen The DET Screen Basic Data Entry – More than one sheet/item Basic Data Entry – Multiple items, not all herbarium sheets Data Entry from Field Notebooks Linking records Data Verification Common changes to CANB records: Common changes to CBG records: Linked Records Databasing Living Collections ANBG Living Collections Vouchers Advanced ANHSIR options Public Access Herbarium (Reference Herbarium) ‘duplicates’ Label Printing Geocoding – by Lee Halasz What is a geocode/Why calculate geocodes? Which regions to geocode Geocode accuracy and precision Geocoding resources Geocoding Hints Entering the Geocode Related Fields into ANHSIR Converting grid references to geocodes Troubleshooting… Advanced querying options Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research 2 P:\\ANH\ANH_Resources\Manuals\ANHSIRmanualversion6.doc (Nov 2009) List of Appendices Appendix 1: Function Keys Appendix 2: Useful Web Addresses Appendix 3: Precision codes/Source codes/Herb material codes/Gardens material codes Appendix 3A: Region codes used in ANHSIR Appendix 4: Geocode ready reckoner Appendix 5: Data-basing spirit (and fruit separate) collections with a dummy sheet. Appendix 6: Standard Abbreviations when Databasing Appendix 7: Donor institutes Frequently asked questions… Introduction: The Australian National Herbarium Specimen Information Register (ANHSIR) is a relational database built in Oracle to house information relating to the collections of the Australian National Herbarium (ANH). -
Plant Taxonomy: What's in a Name?
Episode: Thewwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww Naturalists EXPLORING NORTH CAROLINA Plant Taxonomy: What’s in a Name? STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY CORRELATIONS: Biology, Goal 4: The learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life. 4.01 Analyze the classification of organisms. Biology, Goal 5: The learner will develop an understanding of the ecological relationships among organisms. 5.03 Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments. INTRODUCTION TO LESSON: Students will investigate the usefulness of taxonomy by deciphering the scientific names of North Carolina plants identi fied by explorer and naturalist André Michaux. They will complete a graphic organ MATERIALS izer using reference manuals, field guides and/or Internet resources to help them w Copies of assignment understand the significance of scientific names. sheet, one per pair of students BACKGROUND FOR TEACHER: Many early European explorers came to the New World w Viewing Guides, one looking for fairly common plants that were considered valuable natural resources. per student André Michaux was among the brave botanists who endured harrowing conditions w Reference books (see traveling through the unexplored backwoods. The French government sent Michaux Additional Resources) to North Carolina in 1785 to look for timber to supplement France’s depleted stocks. Michaux exceeded this mission, eventually sending 60,000 plant specimens back PREPARATION to France. In the Carolinas alone, he named and identified close to 300 plants that w Make copies of Viewing were new to science. Guide and Assignment Sheets. w If students will not have classroom Internet access, engage f Ask students to name some reasons that plants are useful. -
Biology 302-Systematic Botany
Biology 447 – Advanced Topics in Biology Field Botany Summer 2018 Instructor Dr. Ross A. McCauley Office: 447 Berndt Hall Office phone: 970-247-7338 E-mail: [email protected] No!!!! This might look cute but you must Webpage: http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/mccauley_r/index.html always have the plant parts within the Office hours: T Th 10:00 am-12:10 pm and by appointment press. Outside of office hours the best way to contact me is via email. I will respond to your email within 24 hours. I do not carry around a smart phone or remain in constant email contact so do not expect an immediate response. Course information Meeting time and place: Field MW 8:00 am – 2:30 pm, Lecture/Lab T Th 8:00–10:00 am. Berndt 440. Field days may extend past the official time. I recommend you do not schedule work for immediately after class. The lab and herbarium will be open and available for independent work until at least noon on all class days. You will need to invest time after class to complete your required assignments. Course Description Field Botany is a fun, and hands-on study of plant biodiversity with the specific goal of teaching students the skills necessary to identify vascular plants in the field. We will do this by focusing principally on plant taxonomy and secondarily on natural communities and the ecological determinants of plant distribution. Students will be expected to demonstrate understanding of topics including basic nomenclature, descriptive botanical terminology, recognition of plant families, ability to use plant keys, plant species habitats and distribution, and plant collections and voucher preparation. -
Plant Nomenclature and Taxonomy an Horticultural and Agronomic Perspective
3913 P-01 7/22/02 4:25 PM Page 1 1 Plant Nomenclature and Taxonomy An Horticultural and Agronomic Perspective David M. Spooner* Ronald G. van den Berg U.S. Department of Agriculture Biosystematics Group Agricultural Research Service Department of Plant Sciences Vegetable Crops Research Unit Wageningen University Department of Horticulture PO Box 8010 University of Wisconsin 6700 ED Wageningen 1575 Linden Drive The Netherlands Madison Wisconsin 53706-1590 Willem A. Brandenburg Plant Research International Wilbert L. A. Hetterscheid PO Box 16 VKC/NDS 6700 AA, Wageningen Linnaeuslaan 2a The Netherlands 1431 JV Aalsmeer The Netherlands I. INTRODUCTION A. Taxonomy and Systematics B. Wild and Cultivated Plants II. SPECIES CONCEPTS IN WILD PLANTS A. Morphological Species Concepts B. Interbreeding Species Concepts C. Ecological Species Concepts D. Cladistic Species Concepts E. Eclectic Species Concepts F. Nominalistic Species Concepts *The authors thank Paul Berry, Philip Cantino, Vicki Funk, Charles Heiser, Jules Janick, Thomas Lammers, and Jeffrey Strachan for review of parts or all of our paper. Horticultural Reviews, Volume 28, Edited by Jules Janick ISBN 0-471-21542-2 © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1 3913 P-01 7/22/02 4:25 PM Page 2 2 D. SPOONER, W. HETTERSCHEID, R. VAN DEN BERG, AND W. BRANDENBURG III. CLASSIFICATION PHILOSOPHIES IN WILD AND CULTIVATED PLANTS A. Wild Plants B. Cultivated Plants IV. BRIEF HISTORY OF NOMENCLATURE AND CODES V. FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN THE CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF CULTIVATED AND WILD PLANTS A. Ambiguity of the Term Variety B. Culton Versus Taxon C. Open Versus Closed Classifications VI. A COMPARISON OF THE ICBN AND ICNCP A.