Writing Plant Names
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A Report on the Fourth Botanical Nomenclature Course Organized by the Botanical Survey of India at Shillong
A REPORT ON THE FOURTH BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE COURSE ORGANIZED BY THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA AT SHILLONG P. LAKSHMINARASIMHAN,1 N. ODYUO,2 CHAYA DEORI,2 DEEPU VIJAYAN,2 DAVID L. BIATE,2 AND KANCHI N. GANDHI3 The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) held its fourth al., 2018) and a user’s guide to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Course on January 27–31, 2020 Nomenclature (Turland, 2019). at BSI-Eastern Regional Centre (BSI-ERC), Shillong. The Chaya Deori (BSI-ERC) anchored the inaugural activities. course drew 66 participants from across the country, including Odyuo gave a welcome speech, followed by remarks 45 from outside BSI (Fig. 1). Ashiho A. Mao, director of BSI, from Lakshminarasimhan, Gandhi, and chief guest Mao. was the convener of the course; P. Lakshminarasimhan, ex- Rajalakshmi Prasad and Anupama Jayasimha (former joint director of BSI, and Nripemo Odyuo, head, BSI-ERC, students of Gandhi’s at National College, Bengaluru) were served as the coordinator and facilitator, respectively. Kanchi the guests of honor. Uma Shankar (North-Eastern Hill N. Gandhi served as the course director. Participants were University, Shillong) also attended the inaugural function. provided with the latest International Code of Nomenclature Gandhi began the course with a historical review of for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code; Turland et botanical nomenclature. He provided a detailed review of FIGURE 1. Fourth Botanical Nomenclature Course organized by the Botanical Survey of India at Shillong. Delegates of the course. We thank A. R. Brach (A, GH) for helpful suggestions on the text, C. M. Gallagher, and D. -
BIOL/APBI 324 – Introduction to Seed Plant Taxonomy
This syllabus is a general representation of the course as previously offered and is subject to change. BIOL/APBI 324 – Introduction to Seed Plant Taxonomy General Course Syllabus (as of September 2019) About the Course: Course Description: An introduction to seed plant taxonomy emphasizing descriptive morphology and identification. Each student will be required to submit a plant collection. Correct understanding of the actual relationships between plants, rather than superficial resemblance, is the basis of comparative biology required to analyze the diversity of plant forms. The species diversity of plants is considerable, and this course will pay particular attention to very diverse and important groups such as the grasses and the orchids, focusing on reasons for their evolutionary success. Identification skills will be inculcated by the lectures working in tandem with the laboratory sessions. This course aims to give students a good working knowledge of plant taxonomy as a preparation for work in any biological discipline. Course Format: Lecture and Laboratory Credits: 3 Pre-requisites: BIOL 121 Course Learning Objectives: By the end of this course, students will be able to: • Achieve a good working knowledge of concepts, principles, and recent discoveries in plant taxonomy. • Gain an overview of seed plant diversity, including the most species-rich plant families and so be able to place any botanical information in the overall context of plant diversity. • Learn ways in which their knowledge can be applied to ecology and evolutionary biology. • Gain an appreciation of how current research in the field is being done by reading recent research papers. Textbooks and Additional Resources: Laboratory fee: $25; please bring to first lab. -
UPDATED 18Th February 2013
7th February 2015 Welcome to my new seed trade list for 2014-15. 12, 13 and 14 in brackets indicates the harvesting year for the seed. Concerning seed quantity: as I don't have many plants of each species, seed quantity is limited in most cases. Therefore, for some species you may only get a few seeds. Many species are harvested in my garden. Others are surplus from trade and purchase. OUT: Means out of stock. Sometimes I sell surplus seed (if time allows), although this is unlikely this season. NB! Cultivars do not always come true. I offer them anyway, but no guarantees to what you will get! Botanical Name (year of harvest) NB! Traditional vegetables are at the end of the list with (mostly) common English names first. Acanthopanax henryi (14) Achillea sibirica (13) Aconitum lamarckii (12) Achyranthes aspera (14, 13) Adenophora khasiana (13) Adenophora triphylla (13) Agastache anisata (14,13)N Agastache anisata alba (13)N Agastache rugosa (Ex-Japan) (13) (two varieties) Agrostemma githago (13)1 Alcea rosea “Nigra” (13) Allium albidum (13) Allium altissimum (Persian Shallot) (14) Allium atroviolaceum (13) Allium beesianum (14,12) Allium brevistylum (14) Allium caeruleum (14)E Allium carinatum ssp. pulchellum (14) Allium carinatum ssp. pulchellum album (14)E Allium carolinianum (13)N Allium cernuum mix (14) E/N Allium cernuum “Dark Scape” (14)E Allium cernuum ‘Dwarf White” (14)E Allium cernuum ‘Pink Giant’ (14)N Allium cernuum x stellatum (14)E (received as cernuum , but it looks like a hybrid with stellatum, from SSE, OR KA A) Allium cernuum x stellatum (14)E (received as cernuum from a local garden centre) Allium clathratum (13) Allium crenulatum (13) Wild coll. -
Revised Glossary for AQA GCSE Biology Student Book
Biology Glossary amino acids small molecules from which proteins are A built abiotic factor physical or non-living conditions amylase a digestive enzyme (carbohydrase) that that affect the distribution of a population in an breaks down starch ecosystem, such as light, temperature, soil pH anaerobic respiration respiration without using absorption the process by which soluble products oxygen of digestion move into the blood from the small intestine antibacterial chemicals chemicals produced by plants as a defence mechanism; the amount abstinence method of contraception whereby the produced will increase if the plant is under attack couple refrains from intercourse, particularly when an egg might be in the oviduct antibiotic e.g. penicillin; medicines that work inside the body to kill bacterial pathogens accommodation ability of the eyes to change focus antibody protein normally present in the body acid rain rain water which is made more acidic by or produced in response to an antigen, which it pollutant gases neutralises, thus producing an immune response active site the place on an enzyme where the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) an increasing substrate molecule binds problem in the twenty-first century whereby active transport in active transport, cells use energy bacteria have evolved to develop resistance against to transport substances through cell membranes antibiotics due to their overuse against a concentration gradient antiretroviral drugs drugs used to treat HIV adaptation features that organisms have to help infections; they -
Congolius, a New Genus of African Reed Frog Endemic to The
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution Tadeáš Nečas1,2*, Gabriel Badjedjea3, Michal Vopálenský4 & Václav Gvoždík1,5* The reed frog genus Hyperolius (Afrobatrachia, Hyperoliidae) is a speciose genus containing over 140 species of mostly small to medium-sized frogs distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Its high level of colour polymorphism, together with in anurans relatively rare sexual dichromatism, make systematic studies more difcult. As a result, the knowledge of the diversity and taxonomy of this genus is still limited. Hyperolius robustus known only from a handful of localities in rain forests of the central Congo Basin is one of the least known species. Here, we have used molecular methods for the frst time to study the phylogenetic position of this taxon, accompanied by an analysis of phenotype based on external (morphometric) and internal (osteological) morphological characters. Our phylogenetic results undoubtedly placed H. robustus out of Hyperolius into a common clade with sympatric Cryptothylax and West African Morerella. To prevent the uncovered paraphyly, we place H. robustus into a new genus, Congolius. The review of all available data suggests that the new genus is endemic to the central Congolian lowland rain forests. The analysis of phenotype underlined morphological similarity of the new genus to some Hyperolius species. This uniformity of body shape (including cranial shape) indicates that the two genera have either retained ancestral morphology or evolved through convergent evolution under similar ecological pressures in the African rain forests. African reed frogs, Hyperoliidae Laurent, 1943, are presently encompassing almost 230 species in 17 genera. -
New Jan16.2011
Spring 2011 Mail Order Catalog Cistus Nursery 22711 NW Gillihan Road Sauvie Island, OR 97231 503.621.2233 phone 503.621.9657 fax order by phone 9 - 5 pst, visit 10am - 5pm, fax, mail, or email: [email protected] 24-7-365 www.cistus.com Spring 2011 Mail Order Catalog 2 USDA zone: 2 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus ‘Aureovariegatus’ coralberry Old fashioned deciduous coralberry with knock your socks off variegation - green leaves with creamy white edges. Pale white-tinted-pink, mid-summer flowers attract bees and butterflies and are followed by bird friendly, translucent, coral berries. To 6 ft or so in most any normal garden conditions - full sun to part shade with regular summer water. Frost hardy in USDA zone 2. $12 Caprifoliaceae USDA zone: 3 Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae' Tatting fern An unique and striking fern with narrow fronds, only 1" wide and oddly bumpy along the sides as if beaded or ... tatted. Found originally in the Irish garden of Mrs. Frizell and loved for it quirkiness ever since. To only 1 ft tall x 2 ft wide and deciduous, coming back slowly in spring. Best in bright shade or shade where soil is rich. Requires summer water. Frost hardy to -40F, USDA zone 3 and said to be deer resistant. $14 Woodsiaceae USDA zone: 4 Aralia cordata 'Sun King' perennial spikenard The foliage is golden, often with red stems, and dazzling on this big and bold perennial, quickly to 3 ft tall and wide, first discovered in a department store in Japan by nurseryman Barry Yinger. Spikes of aralia type white flowers in summer are followed by purple-black berries. -
Principles of Plant Taxonomy, V.*
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXVIII MARCH, 1928 No. 2 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY, V.* JOHN H. SCHAFFNER, Ohio State University. After studying the taxonomy of plants for twenty-five years the very remarkable fact became evident that there is no general correspondence of the taxonomic system with the environment, but as the great paleontologist, Williams, said in 1895: "environmental conditions are but the medium through which organic evolution has been determinately ploughing its way." Of course, the very fact that there is a system of phylogenetic relationships of classes, orders, families, and genera and that these commonly have no general correspondence to environment shows that, in classifying the plant material, we must discard all notions of teleological, utilitarian, and selective factors as causative agents of evolution. The general progressive movement has been carried on along quite definite lines. The broader and more fundamental changes appeared first and are practically constant, and on top of these, .potentialities or properties of smaller and smaller value have been introduced, until at the end new factors of little general importance alone are evolved. These small potentialities are commonly much less stable than the more fundamental ones and thus great variability in subordinate characters is often present in the highest groups. We must then think of the highest groups as being full of hereditary potentialities while the lower groups have comparatively few. As stated above, there is a profound non-correspondence of the .taxonomic system and the various orthogenetic series with the environment. The system of plants, from the taxonomic point of view, is non-utilitarian. -
Oberholzeria (Fabaceae Subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia
RESEARCH ARTICLE Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia Wessel Swanepoel1,2*, M. Marianne le Roux3¤, Martin F. Wojciechowski4, Abraham E. van Wyk2 1 Independent Researcher, Windhoek, Namibia, 2 H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 School of Life Sciences, Arizona a11111 State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ¤ Current address: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Oberholzeria etendekaensis, a succulent biennial or short-lived perennial shrublet is de- Citation: Swanepoel W, le Roux MM, Wojciechowski scribed as a new species, and a new monotypic genus. Discovered in 2012, it is a rare spe- MF, van Wyk AE (2015) Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume cies known only from a single locality in the Kaokoveld Centre of Plant Endemism, north- Genus from Namibia. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0122080. western Namibia. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular sequence data from the plastid matK doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122080 gene resolves Oberholzeria as the sister group to the Genisteae clade while data from the Academic Editor: Maharaj K Pandit, University of nuclear rDNA ITS region showed that it is sister to a clade comprising both the Crotalarieae Delhi, INDIA and Genisteae clades. Morphological characters diagnostic of the new genus include: 1) Received: October 3, 2014 succulent stems with woody remains; 2) pinnately trifoliolate, fleshy leaves; 3) monadel- Accepted: February 2, 2015 phous stamens in a sheath that is fused above; 4) dimorphic anthers with five long, basifixed anthers alternating with five short, dorsifixed anthers, and 5) pendent, membranous, one- Published: March 27, 2015 seeded, laterally flattened, slightly inflated but indehiscent fruits. -
Principles of Plant Taxonomy Bot
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY BOT 222 Dr. M. Ajmal Ali, PhD 1 What is Taxonomy / Systematics ? Animal group No. of species Amphibians 6,199 Birds 9,956 Fish 30,000 Mammals 5,416 Tundra Reptiles 8,240 Subtotal 59,811 Grassland Forest Insects 950,000 Molluscs 81,000 Q: Why we keep the stuffs of our home Crustaceans 40,000 at the fixed place or arrange into some Corals 2,175 kinds of system? Desert Others 130,200 Rain forest Total 1,203,375 • Every Human being is a Taxonomist Plants No. of species Mosses 15,000 Ferns and allies 13,025 Gymnosperms 980 Dicotyledons 199,350 Monocotyledons 59,300 Green Algae 3,715 Red Algae 5,956 Lichens 10,000 Mushrooms 16,000 Brown Algae 2,849 Subtotal 28,849 Total 1,589,361 • We have millions of different kind of plants, animals and microorganism. We need to scientifically identify, name and classify all the living organism. • Taxonomy / Systematics is the branch of science deals with classification of organism. 2 • Q. What is Plant Taxonomy / Plant systematics We study plants because: Plants convert Carbon dioxide gas into Every things we eat comes Plants produce oxygen. We breathe sugars through the process of directly or indirectly from oxygen. We cannot live without photosynthesis. plants. oxygen. Many chemicals produced by the Study of plants science helps to Study of plants science helps plants used as learn more about the natural Plants provide fibres for paper or fabric. to conserve endangered medicine. world plants. We have millions of different kind of plants, animals and microorganism. -
Receptor-Like Kinases from Arabidopsis Form a Monophyletic Gene Family Related to Animal Receptor Kinases
Receptor-like kinases from Arabidopsis form a monophyletic gene family related to animal receptor kinases Shin-Han Shiu and Anthony B. Bleecker* Department of Botany and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 Edited by Elliot M. Meyerowitz, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved July 6, 2001 (received for review March 22, 2001) Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are proteins with a predicted tionary relationship between the RTKs and RLKs within the signal sequence, single transmembrane region, and cytoplasmic recognized superfamily of related eukaryotic serine͞threonine͞ kinase domain. Receptor-like kinases belong to a large gene family tyrosine protein kinases (ePKs). An earlier phylogenetic analysis with at least 610 members that represent nearly 2.5% of Arabi- (22), using the six RLK sequences available at the time, indicated dopsis protein coding genes. We have categorized members of this a close relationship between plant sequences and animal RTKs, family into subfamilies based on both the identity of the extracel- although RLKs were placed in the ‘‘other kinase’’ category. A more lular domains and the phylogenetic relationships between the recent analysis using only plant sequences led to the conclusion that kinase domains of subfamily members. Surprisingly, this structur- the 18 RLKs sampled seemed to form a separate family among the ally defined group of genes is monophyletic with respect to kinase various eukaryotic kinases (23). The recent completion of the domains when compared with the other eukaryotic kinase families. Arabidopsis genome sequence (5) provides an opportunity for a In an extended analysis, animal receptor kinases, Raf kinases, plant more comprehensive analysis of the relationships between these RLKs, and animal receptor tyrosine kinases form a well supported classes of receptor kinases. -
AIX Globalization
AIX Version 7.1 AIX globalization IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 233 . This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document............................................................................................vii Highlighting.................................................................................................................................................vii Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................vii ISO 9000.....................................................................................................................................................vii AIX globalization...................................................................................................1 What's new...................................................................................................................................................1 Separation of messages from programs..................................................................................................... 1 Conversion between code sets............................................................................................................. -
Proper Listing of Scientific and Common Plant Names In
PROPER USAGE OF PLANT NAMES IN PUBLICATIONS A Guide for Writers and Editors Kathy Musial, Huntington Botanical Gardens, August 2017 Scientific names (also known as “Latin names”, “botanical names”) A unit of biological classification is called a “taxon” (plural, “taxa”). This is defined as a taxonomic group of any rank, e.g. genus, species, subspecies, variety. To allow scientists and others to clearly communicate with each other, taxa have names consisting of Latin words. These words may be derived from languages other than Latin, in which case they are referred to as “latinized”. A species name consists of two words: the genus name followed by a second name (called the specific epithet) unique to that species; e.g. Hedera helix. Once the name has been mentioned in text, the genus name may be abbreviated in any immediately subsequent listings of the same species, or other species of the same genus, e.g. Hedera helix, H. canariensis. The first letter of the genus name is always upper case and the first letter of the specific epithet is always lower case. Latin genus and species names should always be italicized when they appear in text that is in roman type; conversely, these Latin names should be in roman type when they appear in italicized text. Names of suprageneric taxa (above the genus level, e.g. families, Asteraceae, etc.), are never italicized when they appear in roman text. The first letter of these names is always upper case. Subspecific taxa (subspecies, variety, forma) have a third epithet that is always separated from the specific epithet by the rank designation “var.”, “ssp.” or “subsp.”, or “forma” (sometimes abbreviated as “f.”); e.g.