East Vättern Scarp Landscape
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East Vättern Scarp Landscape - Biosphere reserve nomination form In cooperation between Swedish Forestry Agency, County Administrative Board of Jönköping, Municipality of Jönköping, Federation of Swedish Farmers, Södra Skogsägarna, Gränna Skogsgrupp and World Wildlife Fund WWF Develop the vitality of the local community Conserve biodiversity and cultural heritage Support knowledge and practice Jönköping 2011 Nomination documents and contact information are available on our website, www.ostravatterbranterna.se. Working Party for the Nomination Form: Simon Jonegård Swedish Forest Agency Johan Uhr County Administrative Board of Jönköping Stellan Gustavsson Municipality of Jönköping Claes Hellsten World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Gränna Skogsgrupp Anders Råsberg Federation of Swedish Farmers (LRF) and Södra Skogsägarna Authors: Simon Jonegård (Swedish Forest Agency), Johan Uhr, Måns Lindell, Malin Lund, Anders Wallander, Bernard Jaldemark, Marielle Magnusson, Marie Andersson and Henrick Blank (County Administrative Board), Per König, Helen Bjurulf and Calle Tollén (Municipality of Jönköping), Claes Hellsten (WWF), Agneta Börjesson (Röttle Natur och Kultur), Tomas Fasth (ProNatura), Pelle Hakeman (Hakarps säteri) and Ådel Vestbö Franzén (Jönköping County Museum). In addition to these people, several others have been involved in generating the documentation. Cover photo: Simon Jonegård, Niklas Johansson and Erik Sollander Illustrations: Simon Jonegård (1-5, 10, 12-14), Claes Hellsten (6-7), Tomas Fasth (8), Municipality of Jönköping (9 and 11) and Erik Sollander (13) Maps: Prepared by Innas Abed, Municipality of Jönköping 2 East Vättern Scarp Landscape – Biosphere reserve nomination form Contents 1 PROPOSED NAME OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ............................................................................... 6 2 COUNTRY......................................................................................................................................................... 6 3 FULFILMENT OF THE THREE FUNCTIONS OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES........................................ 6 3.1 “Conservation – contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation” .................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 “Development – foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable”. ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 ”Logistic support – support for demonstration projects, environmental education and training, research and monitoring related to local, regional, national and global issues of conservation and sustainable development”............................................................................................................11 4 CRITERIA FOR DESIGNATION AS A BIOSPHERE RESERVE ...........................................................13 4.1 "Encompass a mosaic of ecological systems representative of major biogeographic regions, including a gradation of human intervention" .................................................................................13 4.2 "Be of significance for biological diversity conservation" ..............................................................14 4.3 “Provide an opportunity to explore and demonstrate approaches to sustainable development on a regional scale”...............................................................................................................................16 4.4 "Have an appropriate size to serve the three functions of biosphere reserves" .........................18 4.5 “Through appropriate zonation”........................................................................................................18 4.6 “Organisational arrangements should be provided for the involvement and participation of a suitable range of inter alia public authorities, local communities and private interests in the design and the carrying out of the functions of a biosphere reserve.” ........................................20 4.7 Mechanisms for implementation ........................................................................................................22 5 ENDORSEMENTS...........................................................................................................................................25 6 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION........................................................................................................................27 7 SIZE AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION: ...............................................................................................27 7.1 Size of Core Areas:..............................................................................................................................27 7.2 Size of Buffer Zones ............................................................................................................................27 7.3 Size of Transition Area .......................................................................................................................27 7.4 Brief rationale of this zonation..........................................................................................................27 8 BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION .................................................................................................................29 9 LAND USE HISTORY....................................................................................................................................29 9.1 Agriculture.............................................................................................................................................30 9.2 Forestry ..................................................................................................................................................32 9.3 Use of water..........................................................................................................................................34 10 HUMAN POPULATION OF PROPOSED BIOSPHERE RESERVE.....................................................36 10.1 Core Area(s) .........................................................................................................................................36 10.2 Buffer Zone(s).......................................................................................................................................36 10.3 Transition Area(s)................................................................................................................................36 10.4 Brief description of local communities living within or near the proposed Biosphere Reserve ..................................................................................................................................................36 10.5 Name(s) of nearest major town(s) ..................................................................................................37 10.6 Cultural significance.............................................................................................................................38 11 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................................................42 11.1 Site characteristics and topography of area...................................................................................42 3 East Vättern Scarp Landscape – Biosphere reserve nomination form 11.2 Climate....................................................................................................................................................43 11.3 Geology, geomorphology, soils.........................................................................................................44 12 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..........................................................................................................48 12.1 First type of habitat/land cover: LAKE VÄTTERN.......................................................................48 12.2 Second type of habitat/land cover: LAKES AND WATERWAYS............................................50 12.3 Third type of habitat/land cover: HARDWOOD FORESTS .....................................................53 12.4 Fourth type of habitat/land cover: CONIFEROUS AND MIXED FORESTS.........................56 12.5 Fifth type of habitat/land cover: ARABLE LAND .........................................................................58 12.6 Sixth type of habitat/land cover: NATURAL GRASSLANDS....................................................60 12.7 Seventh type of habitat/land cover: THE BUILT-UP ENVIRONMENT ..................................63 13 CONSERVATION FUNCTION..................................................................................................................66 13.1 Contribution to the conservation of landscape and ecosystem biodiversity ........................66 13.2 Conservation of species biodiversity...............................................................................................69 13.3 Conservation of genetic biodiversity...............................................................................................75 14 DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION.....................................................................................................................83 14.1 Potential for fostering economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable.......................................................................................................................83