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FRIDAY MORNING, 27 MAY 2016 SALON I, 8:00 AM to 12:05 PM Session 5Aaa Architectural Acoustics

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FRIDAY MORNING, 27 MAY 2016 SALON I, 8:00 AM to 12:05 PM Session 5Aaa Architectural Acoustics FRIDAY MORNING, 27 MAY 2016 SALON I, 8:00 A.M. TO 12:05 P.M. Session 5aAA Architectural Acoustics: A Variety of Interesting Research and Observations in Architectural Acoustics David S. Woolworth, Chair Oxford Acoustics, 356 CR 102, Oxford, MS 38655 Chair’s Introduction—8:00 Contributed Papers 8:05 8:35 5aAA1. A potential new and better method for measuring transmission 5aAA3. Design, construction, and evaluation of a binaural dummy loss in the field. Paul D. Schomer (Schomer and Assoc., Inc., 2117 Robert head. Maryam Landi, Vahid Naderyan (Dept. of Phys. and Astronomy & Dr., Champaign, IL 61821, [email protected]) National Ctr. for Physical Acoust., Univ. of MS, NCPA, 145 Hill Dr., University, MS 38677, [email protected]), and David S. Woolworth In a recent study, transmission loss (TL) measurements were made from (Roland, Woolworth & Assoc., Oxford, MS, Oxford, MS) outdoors-to-indoors and indoors-to-outdoors of a house. These results agree with one another within 0.6 dB. The agreement achieved in this recent study Binaural-dummy-heads are often used as standard measurement devices is believed to be because the indoor measurements for the indoor-to-outdoor where modeling of the human binaural hearing system is desired. The binau- TL were made at the party-wall surface of the reverberant space. This cur- ral-dummy-head imitates a human head (and torso) which is used in binau- rent paper demonstrates what amounts to a form of pressure doubling at the ral recording as well as research areas such as hearing aids, sound surfaces of the room containing the reverberant field. It is this higher level localization, noise measurements, etc. Commercially available binaural that must be used in the TL calculation from indoors-to-outdoors; not the heads are not economically efficient for some purposes. This paper outlines reverberant field measured interior to the room. The actual increase in level a less expensive binaural dummy head built using ANSI/ASA S3.36-2012 for this reverberant-field pressure enhancement appears to be close to þ 2.7 standard as a reference as part of an independent coursework. A hard plastic dB, which is consistent with measurements of free-field pressure doubling mannequin was used as head and torso, and the two ears were real human on a hard surface, which are theoretically þ 6 dB, but typically measured to ear replicas casted out of water-based alginate gel. The complex Head- be þ 5toþ 5.5 dB. This factor of þ 2.7 dB for reverberant-field pressure Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) of our dummy head were measured in doubling should be applicable to all measurements that use a reverberant an anechoic chamber to evaluate its spectral and directional properties and space such as laboratory facilities that measure transmission loss from a were compared to the same properties of the standard commercial dummy reverberant room to a more absorptive space. head. 8:20 8:50 5aAA2. Comparison of interior noise levels produced by rain impinging 5aAA4. ISO 717-1 introduction in Russia. Ilya E. Tsukernikov, Igor on several commercial roof constructions. Logan D. Pippitt, Michelle L. Shubin (Acoust. Lab., Res. Inst. of Bldg. Phys., Odoevskogo proezd, h.7, Huey, and Robert C. Coffeen (Architecture, Univ. of Kansas, Marvin Hall, korp. 2, fl. 179, 21 Lokomotovny pr., Moscow 117574, Russian Federation, 1465 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, [email protected]) [email protected]), Tatiana Nevenchannaya (Moscow State Univ. of Print- ing Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation), and Natalia Schurova (Acoust. Noise caused by rain on commercial roofs is an ever-occurring problem. Lab., Res. Inst. of Bldg. Phys., Moscow, Russian Federation) Due to climate changes, rainfall seems to have become more sporadic and intense, making the effects of rain noise on the interior environment an Two single-number quantities are used now in Russia: weighted sound acoustical issue of intensifying importance. Noise produced within architec- reduction index for rating air noise insulation by internal protecting designs tural spaces by rain on roofs is difficult to quantify due to varying rain inten- of buildings and the quantity, characterizing sound insulation of external sity, water droplet size, droplet velocity, roof construction, and interior transparent protecting designs from noise, created by municipal transporta- acoustical characteristics. However, it is possible to compare interior rain tion streams. For other sound insulation characteristics determined by Inter- noise levels when rain conditions and the interior space conditions are con- national Standards ISO 10140-2, ISO 140-4, and ISO 140-5, the stant. This paper compares (1) rain noise levels for several commercial roof corresponding single-number quantities are not established in the Russian constructions with and without suspended ceilings beneath the roof, (2) rain standard documents. Besides methods for determination of single-number noise levels with roofs using typical rigid foam insulation versus mineral quantities to be used differ by their various physical senses too. It causes wool insulation. Noise level measurements and rain generation are in gen- expediency of introduction of International Standard ISO 717-1 in which eral conformance with ISO 140-18 “Laboratory measurement of sound gen- the corresponding single-number quantities are entered for all spectral char- erated by rainfall on building elements.” The rain noise levels are presented acteristics, put into practice of air noise insulation by building protecting along with similar rain noise measurements made in the same test facility designs, and universal methods of their determination are stated. In this that were the subject of a 2007 ASA paper. This research was conducted paper, features of introduction of International Standard ISO 717-1 in Russia through the School of Architecture, Design and Planning at the University are considered. Comparison of the A-weighted noise spectra for various of Kansas. categories of the railway transportation, to be maintained on the Russian railways, to the sound level spectra, applied in the International Standard to calculate the spectral adaptation terms. By the concrete examples, the diver- gences in values of spectral adaptation terms received are shown and the corresponding recommendations are offered. 2200 J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 139, No. 4, Pt. 2, April 2016 171st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America 2200 9:05 9:50 5aAA5. Characterization of ensemble rehearsal experiences at Brigham 5aAA8. Death by alarm: An error model of hospital alarms. Ilene Young University. Kieren H. Smith, Tracianne B. Neilsen, Michael H. Busch-Vishniac (School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins Univ., 200 Westway, Denison, and Jeremy Grimshaw (Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT 84602, Baltimore, MD 21212, [email protected]) [email protected]) On any given day in the United States, there are about 480,000 patients Musicians’ ears are barraged with large quantities of sound almost con- in hospital for reasons other than psychiatric care or rehabilitation, each gen- stantly, a reality that is either augmented or diminished by room environ- erating, on average, about 135 clinical alarms per day. Studies have shown ments in which musicians practice and perform. In order to make that over 90% of these alarms result in no action being taken. Alarm errors, recommendations for future renovations, the acoustics of ensemble rehearsal either alarms that sound and receive no response or alarms that fail to sound spaces within the Brigham Young University School of Music were meas- when they should, number roughly 8 million per day yet data on adverse ured. To quantify sound exposure during rehearsals, noise dosages and alarm impacts indicate about 200 alarm-related deaths per year and a total sound levels experienced by the musicians were measured in various posi- of a little more than 500 adverse impacts per year. A compelling conclusion tions in each of two major practice spaces. Measurements were taken during from this data is that clinical alarms in hospital are very inefficient and inef- several two-hour rehearsals for major orchestras and band ensembles at fective tools for monitoring medical emergencies. Much attention has been BYU. Using data collected from noise dosimeters, spatial maps indicate the dedicated to alarms recently, with the general goal of improving response to noise dosage throughout the rooms. Maximum and average sound levels alarms in order to ensure no medical emergency is missed. While this work experienced during the space of a rehearsal also offer insights into the sound is of immediate use and is vitally important to the operation of the modern environment. This data indicate which areas of the ensemble experience the hospital, it focuses on minor changes to the existing systems rather than on greatest noise exposure. Reverberation time measurements taken within the trying to design the optimum system for the future. It is future alarm sys- rooms further illuminate potential acoustic deficiencies within the room. tems that we consider here, with an aim of designing a more effective and This preliminary noise environment and dosage highlights the need for efficient system for use in hospitals in roughly 20 years. future facility renovations and offers suggestions for short term acoustical 10:05–10:20 Break treatments. EASE acoustic simulation software was used to determine the effectiveness of suggested renovations. 10:20 9:20 5aAA9. A method to evaluate nonideal effects of anechoic chambers on 5aAA6. Reverberation theory obscures real physics in concert halls. multiple-angle measurements. Michael H. Denison, K. J. Bodon, and James B. Lee (None, 6016 S. E. Mitchell, Portland, OR 97206, cadwal@ Timothy W. Leishman (Phys., Brigham Young Univ., 485 S State St., Apt. macforcego.com) 306, Provo, UT 84606, [email protected]) Wallace Sabine posited sound in a room to be a uniform field, in equilib- Anechoic chambers are typically qualified by comparing sound pres- rium, varying but slowly with respect to time required to traverse the space: sures at several radial distances from a sound source and verifying that they the “reverberant” field.
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