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Immigrants Come to the Republic NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______ Life in the New Republic Lesson 1: Public Lands and New Settlements EESSENTIALSSENTIAL QQUESTIONUESTION What makes a culture unique? Terms to Know headright grant a grant of free land issued during the republic to the head of a household tradition a custom or habit homestead a family home and its surrounding lands immigration agent a person licensed and paid in land or money to bring settlers into a country artisan a person skilled at making things by hand inhibit to hold back or restrain WWhathat ddoo yyouou kknow?now? For each statement, write a T for true or an F for false. 1. The Homestead Act allowed the government to take a person's farm. 2. Colonists to Texas came from Germany, France, and the United States. 3. Dallas was founded because it was located at a river crossing. 4. After the Texas Revolution, Tejanos maintained their Mexican culture. 5. There were no free African Americans in the early days of the Texas Republic. Immigrants Come to the Republic Guiding Question Why did people immigrate to the Republic Defining of Texas? 1. What was a headright In 1836, about 50,000 settlers lived in Texas. The Texas grant? government wanted to attract more settlers. During the republic, the government distributed almost 37 million acres (15 million hectares) of headright grants. These grants gave free land to heads of household. Most people with a headright grant settled, but some sold their grants. Marking the Text Many Americans who moved to Texas owed debts in the United 2. Highlight the information States. The republic continued the tradition of debt protection about protections with the Homestead Act of 1839. A homestead is a family’s home under the Homestead and land. The law protected up to 50 acres (20 hectares) of land, Act of 1839. the house, and any improvements from seizure by creditors. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. classroom for reproduce to is granted Permission Education. © McGraw-Hill Copyright Reading Essentials and Study Guide 173 NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______ Life in the New Republic Lesson 1: Public Lands and New Settlements, continued To bring in more people, the government hired immigration Reading agents. Immigrants brought by the agents were granted 640 Progress Check acres (259 hectares) of land for a head of household or 320 acres (130 hectares) for a single person. Summarize the work of 3. At this time, German nobles founded the German Emigration the immigration agents Company. The company was a financial failure, but it brought during the period of more than 7,000 Germans to Texas. They founded New Braunfels the republic. and Fredericksburg and settled in Galveston, Houston, and San Antonio. Henri Castro brought about 2,000 people from Alsace in France. He and his colonists settled the towns of Castroville, D’Hanis, Quihi, and Vandenburg. One of the largest land grants went to the W. S. Peters Company. Located in North Texas, the Peters Colony covered about 16,000 square miles (41,440 square km). Most of its colonists were Americans. Defining New Settlements and Towns 4. What is an artisan? Guiding Question Where and why did immigrants settle in the Republic of Texas? Not everyone farmed at this time. Most Germans who came to Texas were middle-class landowners or artisans, or craft workers. They generally had some property and education. The success of Marking the the first German immigrants encouraged more Germans to come. Text They settled in an area of South Central Texas that became known Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. classroom for reproduce to is granted Permission Education. © McGraw-Hill Copyright 5. Highlight the infor- as the German Belt. People of German ancestry make up the mation about the town largest European ethnic group in Texas today. of Jefferson. In northeast Texas, Jonesborough, Pecan Point, and Clarksville were the only towns by the time of the Texas Revolution. Marshall Making was founded in 1839 and became the county seat of Harrison Connections County in 1842. Later, railroads helped the town grow. Jefferson, the county seat of Marion County, was founded in the 1840s. 6. What brought settlers Steamboats made their way to Jefferson around 1843, and the to Van Zandt County? town became a thriving commercial center. Natural resources encouraged settlement in certain parts of the republic. Rock salt in Van Zandt County gave rise to salt mines and the town of Grand Saline. Preston was the location of a popular Red River crossing during the republic. At one point, about 1,000 wagons crossed there each year. Dallas grew at a ferry crossing on the Trinity River. John Neely Bryan founded Dallas at this time. Towns developed along rivers in southeastern Texas, too. These included Liberty (on the Trinity River) and Beaumont (on the Neches River). In 1836, Houston was built near Buffalo Bayou. Ships could move goods from that port to others around the world. 174 Reading Essentials and Study Guide NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______ Life in the New Republic Lesson 1: Public Lands and New Settlements, continued Native American raids inhibited settlement in the Brazos River Valley. One town that did arise there was Waco. It was settled by Marking the Scottish immigrant Neal McLennan in 1845. Waco was located on Text the site of a former Native American agricultural village. Highlight the infor- Immigrants to the Hill Country settled in the valleys of the 7. mation about the Blanco, Guadalupe, and Pedernales rivers. Many settlers from settlement on the Tennessee, Arkansas, and Missouri came to the area between 1840 Brazos River. and 1850. Germans, Alsatians, British, Poles, and Mexicans also settled there. Reading Native American raids and outlaws slowed immigration to Progress Check South Texas, but some towns grew there, including Indianola and Corpus Christi. Many Germans entered Texas at Indianola. They 8. What natural feature made it an important port. Corpus Christi was originally a center of was typically found trade with Mexico. near settlements in Texas? Why? Racial and Ethnic Minorities Guiding Question What was the general experience of minority groups living in Texas during the republic? As more Anglo Americans and European immigrants came to Texas, other ethnic groups faced difficulties. Minorities who had Describing lived in Texas for many years were sometimes pressured or forced to leave. 9. How did Tejanos Before the republic, Tejanos were living in Nacogdoches, San maintain their culture Antonio, Goliad, Laredo, and far West Texas. During the republic, in the republic? Mexicans migrated into Central and South Texas. Tejanos maintained their Mexican culture. They spoke Spanish and observed Mexican holidays and Catholic traditions. However, they also took part in the culture of the republic and in its politics. Friction between Anglos and Tejanos was common after the Identifying revolution. Some Tejanos had sided with Mexico in that fight. Because of this, some Anglos doubted their loyalty to the republic. Cause and Effect Anglo Americans often viewed Tejanos with suspicion and 10. Why was there friction prejudice. Many Tejanos were made to feel like strangers in their between Tejanos and own country. Anglo Americans As Anglo Americans gained power in Texas, some of them during the republic? took Tejano lands. A few Tejanos used the courts to regain land that had been in their families for generation. Others lost their cases in court. While many Tejanos stayed in Texas, others moved to Mexico. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. classroom for reproduce to is granted Permission Education. © McGraw-Hill Copyright Reading Essentials and Study Guide 175 NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______ Life in the New Republic Lesson 1: Public Lands and New Settlements, continued Most African Americans in the republic were enslaved. The Marking the population of free African Americans was never very large. In the Text 1820s, some free African Americans had migrated to Texas, attracted by the full citizenship offered by the Mexican government. 11. Underline the infor- However, by 1860, only a few hundred free African Americans lived mation that tells who in Texas. William Goyens was. William Goyens was a free African American who came to Texas from North Carolina in the early 1820s. He was a blacksmith near Reading Nacogdoches. During the Texas Revolution, he negotiated treaties Progress Check and served as an interpreter for Sam Houston with Native Americans. 12. How did free African He was trusted by Native Americans, Anglos, and Tejanos. Later in Americans come to live life, he made a good deal of money in real estate. in the Republic of Texas? After the Texas Revolution, free African Americans had their rights restricted. They were denied citizenship and their right to marry was limited. They could not live permanently in Texas without government approval. A law passed in 1840 stated that all free African Americans who had entered Texas after independence had to leave Texas within two years or lose their freedom. However, some free African Americans won government permission to stay. WWritingriting Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. classroom for reproduce to is granted Permission Education. © McGraw-Hill Copyright Check for Understanding 1. Expository What are three ways the Republic of Texas attracted settlers? 2. Expository What restrictions were placed on free African Americans under the republic? 176 Reading Essentials and Study Guide .
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