Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Life intheNew Republic inhibit artisan agent immigration homestead tradition headright grant Know to Terms unique? makes aculture What Lesson 1: the house, and any improvements from seizure by creditors. and land. Thelaw protected up to 50 acres (20 hectares) ofland, with the Homestead of1839. Act A States. Therepublic continued the but somesoldtheir grants. heads ofhousehold. with aheadright Most people grant settled, hectares) of the government distributed almost 37 million acres (15 million government wanted During more settlers. the to republic, attract In 1836, lived settlers in 50,000 about Texas. TheTexas of Texas? Guiding Question Republic ComeImmigrants the to 4. 2. 1. For each statement, write a WWhat doyou know? 5. 3. ESSENTIAL QUESTION EESSENTIAL AE______DT ______DATE ______NAME S Many Americans whomoved to Texas owed in the debts United h S a E t N to hold back or restrain a person skilled at making things by hand

d T a custom orhabit

o headright grants. I a family homeand surrounding its lands The Homestead allowed Act thegovernment to takeaperson's farm. There were nofree African Americansintheearly days ofthe Texas Republic. After the Texas Revolution, culture. maintainedtheirMexican Dallas wasfounded becauseitwaslocated atariver crossing. Colonists to Texas camefrom Germany, , andtheUnited States. A

y Public Lands and New Settlements L o

a grant of free land issued during the republic to the head ofahousehold Q Why did people immigrate to the Republic u a person licenseda person and paid in land ormoney to into bring settlers acountry U

k E n S o T T fortrueoran w I O These grants gave free land to land gave grants free These ? N tradition homestead F forfalse. ofdebtprotection is a family’s home Reading Essentials and Study Guide Marking the Text the Marking 2. 1. CLASS Defining

Act of 1839. of Act under the Homestead protections about information Highlight the grant? What was aheadright ______

173 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. immigration or craft workers. or craft workers. ______artisans, CLASS CLASS continued the in settle immigrants did why and Where Immigrants brought by the agents were granted 640 granted were agents the by brought Immigrants In northeast Texas, Jonesborough, Pecan Point, and Clarksville Clarksville and Point, Pecan Jonesborough, northeastIn Texas, parts certain settlement in of the encouraged resources Natural These too. Texas, southeastern in rivers along developed Towns To bring in more people, the government hired hired government people, the more in bring To At thistime, At German nobles founded the German Emigration They generally had some property and education. The success of of some property had The success generally They education. and come. to Germans more encouraged firstthe immigrants German became known that Texas Central of South settled area an They in the up make ancestry German of People Belt. German the as largest today. European ethnic group in Texas Marshall Revolution. Texas of the time the by towns only the were of Harrison seat county became the and 1839 in founded was Jefferson, grow. town the helped railroads Later, 1842. in County 1840s. the in founded was County, of Marion seat county the the and Jefferson to 1843, way around made their Steamboats center. became commercial a thriving town and mines salt to rise gave County Zandt Van in salt Rock republic. of a popular location the was Preston Saline. of Grand town the about 1,000 one point, At republic. the during crossing Red River on a ferry at grew crossing Dallas year. each there crossed wagons time. this at Neely Bryan John Dallas founded River. Trinity the the (on Beaumont and River) Trinity Liberty the included (on Ships Buffalo near Bayou. built was world. 1836, In the River). Neches around others to port that from goods move could agents. acres (259 hectares) of land for a head of household or 320 acres acres or 320 of household a head for of land hectares) (259 acres person. for a single hectares) (130 but it brought failure, a financial was The company Company. Braunfels New founded They Texas. to Germans 7,000 than more San and Houston, settled Galveston, and in Fredericksburg and about 2,000 people brought from Castro Henri Antonio. of Castroville, towns settled the colonists his He and France. in the D’Hanis, Quihi, One and Vandenburg. Texas, of the largest land grants North in Located Company. Peters S. W. the to went square (41,440 miles square about 16,000 covered Colony Peters Americans. were of its colonists Most km). New Settlements and Towns Settlements and New Guiding Question ? to who came Germans Most time. this at farmed everyone Not middle-class were or landowners Texas Public Lands and New Settlements, Settlements, New and Lands Public Progress Check Connections Text What brought settlers brought What Zandt County? Van to Highlight theHighlight infor- town about the mation Jefferson.of What is an artisan? Summarize the work of work the Summarize agents immigration the period the during of republic. the Reading Essentials and Study Guide Guide Study and Essentials Reading Reading

6. Making Making 5. the Marking 4. 4. Defining

3. NAME ______DATE 174 Lesson 1: 1: Lesson Life in the New Republic in the New Life Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Life intheNew Republic Lesson 1: AE______DT ______DATE ______NAME to . to cases in court. While many Tejanos stayed in Texas, othersthat in their had moved been families forgeneration. lost Others their took Tejano lands. Afew Tejanos used the to courts regain land own country. prejudice. Many Tejanos were made to feel like strangersAnglo Americans viewed Tejanos often in with suspicion their and Because ofthis, someAnglos doubted their to loyalty the republic. revolution. SomeTejanos had sided with Mexico in that fight. politics. they also in the took culture part ofthe republic and in its Mexicanobserved holidays and Catholic traditions. However, maintained their Mexican culture. They spoke Spanish and Mexicans migrated into Central and South Texas. Tejanos Antonio, Goliad, Laredo, and far West Texas. During the republic, leave. to lived in Texas formany years were sometimes pressured orforced Texas, other ethnic groups Minorities faced whohad difficulties. to came immigrants European and Americans Anglo more As groups living in Texas during the republic? Guiding Question Racial and Ethnic Minorities trade with Mexico. Corpus Christi port. made itan important was originally acenter of Corpus Christi. Many Germans entered Texas at Indianola. They South Texas, butsometowns grew there, including Indianola and there.settled and 1850. Germans, Alsatians, British, Poles, and Mexicans also Tennessee, Arkansas, and Missouri came to the area 1840 between Blanco, Guadalupe, and Pedernales rivers. Many from settlers the site ofaformerNative Scottish immigrant Neal McLennan in 1845. Waco was located on Valley. Onetown that did arise there was Waco. by Itwas settled As Anglo Americans gained power in Texas, some of them Friction Anglos between and Tejanos was common the after Before the republic, Tejanos were living in Nacogdoches, San Immigrants to the Hill in Country the settled valleys ofthe Native American raids Native American raids and outlaws slowed immigration to Public Lands and New Settlements, What was the general experience ofminority inhibited American agriculturalvillage. settlement in the Brazos River continued Reading Essentials and Study Guide 8. Reading 7. 10. Identifying 9. Describing

CLASS Marking Marking the Texas? Why? Texas? innear settlements foundwas typically feature natural What Brazos River. onthesettlement the about mation infor-Highlight the during the republic? Americans Anglo Tejanosbetween and Why was there friction in the republic? culture their maintain How did Tejanos Progress Check Progress Cause and Effect Cause andEffect Text Text ______175 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. ______CLASS CLASS continued William Goyens was a free African American who came to Texas Texas to who came American African a free was Goyens William their had Americans African free Revolution, Texas After the Most African Americans in the republic were enslaved. The enslaved. were republic the in Americans African Most However, some free African Americans won government permission permission government won Americans African free some However, to stay. from North Carolina in the early 1820s. He was a blacksmith near near a blacksmith He was 1820s. early the in Northfrom Carolina Nacogdoches. During Revolution, he the negotiated Texas treaties Americans. Native with Houston for Sam served interpreter an and as in Later Tejanos. and Anglos, Americans, Native by trusted He was estate. real in money of deal good a made he life, to right their and citizenship denied were They restricted. rights Texas in permanently live not could They marry limited. was that stated 1840 in passed A law approval. government without after independence Texas entered who had Americans African free all freedom. their or lose two years within Texas leave to had population of free African Americans was never very large. In the the In very large. never was Americans African of free population Texas, to migrated had Americans African some free 1820s, government. offered Mexican the by citizenship attracted full the by lived Americans African free hundred a few only 1860, by However, in Texas. What restrictions were placed on free African Americans under the republic? the under Americans African on free placed were restrictions What What are three ways the Republic of Texas attracted settlers? of Texas Republic the ways three are What Public Lands and New Settlements, Settlements, New and Lands Public g n i Text Progress Check t i How did free African African free did How live to come Americans Texas? of Republic the in Underline the infor- the Underline mation that tells who William Goyens was. Reading Essentials and Study Guide Guide Study and Essentials Reading r 2. Expository Expository 2. 1. Expository1. Marking the Marking

12. Reading 11. WWriting for Understanding Check NAME ______DATE 176 Lesson 1: 1: Lesson Life in the New Republic in the New Life