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An International Perspective This Page Intentionally Left Blank RELIGIOUS TOURISM and PILGRIMAGE FESTIVALS MANAGEMENT an International Perspective RELIGIOUS TOURISM AND PILGRIMAGE FESTIVALS MANAGEMENT An International Perspective This page intentionally left blank RELIGIOUS TOURISM AND PILGRIMAGE FESTIVALS MANAGEMENT An International Perspective Edited by Razaq Raj and Nigel D. Morpeth Leeds Metropolitan University CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Religious tourism and pilgrimage festivals management : an international perspective / [edited by] Razaq Raj and Nigel D. Morpeth. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-84593-225-1 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-84593-225-0 (alk. paper) 1. Pilgrims and pilgrimages. 2. Tourism--Religious aspects. 3. Tourism-- Management. I. Raj, Razaq. II. Morpeth, Nigel D. III. Title. BL619.P5R45 2007 203Ј .51--dc22 2006032416 ISBN: 978 1 84593 225 1 Typeset by Columns Design Ltd, Reading, UK Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, King’s Lynn Contents Contributors vii 1 Introduction: Establishing Linkages between Religious Travel and Tourism 1 Razaq Raj and Nigel D. Morpeth 2 The Globalization of Pilgrimage Tourism? Some Thoughts from Ireland 15 Kevin A. Griffin 3 Motivations for Religious Tourism, Pilgrimage, Festivals and Events 35 Ruth Blackwell 4 The Management and Marketing of Religious Sites, Pilgrimage and Religious Events: Challenges for Roman Catholic Pilgrimages in Croatia 48 Jurica Pavicic, Nikisa Alfirevic and Vincent John Batarelo 5 Sustaining Tourism Infrastructures for Religious Tourists and Pilgrims within the UK 64 Ian D. Rotherham 6 Sacred Pilgrimage and Tourism as Secular Pilgrimage 78 Vitor Ambrósio 7 Religion, Pilgrimage, Mobility and Immobility 89 Alexandra Arellano v vi Contents 8 Religious Tourism and Cultural Pilgrimage: a Chinese Perspective 98 Zhang Mu, Huang Li, Wang Jian-hong, Liu Ji, Jie Yan-geng and Lai Xiting 9 Centring the Visitor: Promoting a Sense of Spirituality in the Caribbean 113 Jacqueline Mulligan 10 Case Study 1: The Festival of Sacrifice and Travellers to the City of Heaven (Makkah) 127 Razaq Raj 11 Case Study 2: Christian/Catholic Pilgrimage – Studies and Analyses 140 Vitor Ambrósio and Margarida Pereira 12 Case Study 3: Ancient and Modern Pilgrimage: El Camino Frances 153 Nigel D. Morpeth 13 Case Study 4: The Symbolic Representation of Religion, Culture and Heritage and their Implications on the Tourism Experience. The Example of the ‘Ciudad de Cultura’ in Santiago de Compostela 161 Martin Scheer 14 Case Study 5: The Importance and the Role of Faith (Religious) Tourism in the Alternative Tourism Resources in Turkey 170 Ahmet Aktas and Yakin Ekin 15 Case Study 6: Visiting Sacred Sites in India: Religious Tourism or Pilgrimage? 184 Kiran A. Shinde 16 Case Study 7: Islamic Pilgrimage and the Market Need for Travel Insurance 198 Tahir Rashid 17 Case Study 8: Fátima – the Religious Tourism Altar 211 Maria I.R.B. de Pinho and Isabel M.R.T. de Pinho Index 222 Contributors Nikisa Alfirevic, Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Split, Matice hrvatske 31, 21000 Split, Croatia; telephone: +385 21 430 657; fax: +385 21 430 700; e-mails: [email protected] or [email protected] Ahmed Aktas, Professor, Akdeniz University School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Antalya, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected] Vitor Ambrósio, Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, Estoril, Potrtugal; e-mail vitor@[email protected] Alexandra Arellano, Assistant Professor, School of Human Kinetics (Leisure Studies), Montpetit Hall, University of Ottawa, 125 University Street, Ontario , Canada, K1N 6N5; telephone: +1 613 5625800 (ext. 2441); e-mail: [email protected] (temporary e-mail) Vincent John Batarelo, Deputy CEO, Caritas Croatia, Kaptol 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; telephone: +385 21 481 2022; fax: +385 21 481 2103: e-mail: [email protected] Ruth Blackwell, Senior Lecturer, Centre for Event Management, Tourism, Hospitality and Events School, Leeds Metropolitan University, Civic Quarter, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK; telephone: +44 (0)113 283 3483 Yakin Ekin, Research Assistant, Akdeniz University School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Antalya, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected] Kevin A. Griffin, School of Hospitality Management and Tourism, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin, Ireland; telephone: +353 1 4027593; e-mail: kevin.griffi[email protected] Liu Ji, Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong, P.R. China; e-mail: szzm2005@ hotmail.com Wang Jian-hong, Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong, P.R. China; e-mail: [email protected] vii viii Contributors Huang Li, Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong, P.R. China; e-mail: szzm2005@ hotmail.com Nigel D. Morpeth, Senior Lecturer, Tourism, Hospitality and Events School, Leeds Metropolitan University, Civic Quarter, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK; telephone: +44 (0)113 283 2600 (ext. 5496); fax: +44 (0)113 283 3111; e-mail: [email protected] Zhang Mu, Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong, P.R. China; e-mail: szzm2005@ hotmail.com Jacqueline Mulligan, Senior Lecturer, UK Centre for Events Management, Tourism, Hospitality and Events School, Leeds Metropolitan University, Civic Quarter, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK; telephone: +44 (0)113 283 3487; fax: +44 (0)113 283 3111; e-mail: [email protected] Jurica Pavicic, Associate Professor, Marketing Department, Graduate School of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Kennedyjev trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; telephone: +385 1 2383 33; fax: +385 1 2335 5633; e-mail: [email protected] Margarita Pereira, e-Geo (Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Planeamento Regional Faculdade de Ciêncas Sociais e Humanas), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] Isabel Maria Ribeiro Tavares de Pinho, Departamento de Artes e Motricidade Humana da ESE, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua do Dr Roberto Frias, 4200- 465 Porto, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] Maria Inês Ribeiro Basílio de Pinho, Departamento de Artes e Motricidade Humana da ESE – Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] Razaq Raj, Senior Lecturer, Director of Events Management, Tourism, Hospitality and Events School, Leeds Metropolitan University, Civic Quarter, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK; telephone: +44 (0)113 283 2600 (ext. 5877); fax: +44 (0)113 283 3111; e-mail: [email protected] Tahir Rashid, Senior Lecturer, Tourism, Hospitality and Events School, Leeds Metropolitan University, Civic Quarter, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK telephone: +44 (0)113 283 3466; fax: +44 (0)113 283 3111; e-mail: t.rashid@ leedsmet.ac.uk Ian D. Rotherham, Reader, Tourism Leisure and Environmental Change Research Unit, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK; telephone: +44 (0)114 225 2874; mobile: 07751 089499; e-mail: [email protected] Martin Scheer, Department of Tourism and Event Management, ISM (International School of Management), Otto-Hahn-Str. 19, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Kiran A. Shinde, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Building 11, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria- 3800, Australia; telephone: +61 3 9905 2953/+61 3 9905 1019; fax: +61 3 9905 2948; e -mail: [email protected] Lai Xiting, Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong, P.R. China; e-mail: szzm2005@ hotmail.com Jie Yan-geng, Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, Shenzhen: 518053, Guangdong, P.R. China; e-mail: szzm2005 @hotmil.com 1 Introduction: Establishing Linkages between Religious Travel and Tourism RAZAQ RAJ* AND NIGEL D. MORPETH** Tourism, Hospitality and Events School, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK; e-mail: *[email protected]; **[email protected] Within ever-changing global political landscapes, religion has retained a significant place as a social movement, with a complexity of structures and functions that pervades cultures and traditions. It is clear that whilst there is no single or simple definition of the complex concept of religion, it is a system of recognizable beliefs and practices that acknowledge the existence of a ‘superhuman’ power that enables people to both address and transcend the problems of life (Hinnells, 184, p. 270). This book is a timely reassessment of the increasing linkages and interconnections between shared sacred and secular spaces on a global stage, and explores key learning points from a range of contemporary case studies of religious and pilgrimage activity related to ancient, sacred and emerging tourist destinations and new forms of pilgrimage, faith systems and quasi-religious activities. This book is an eclectic collection of case study-based chapters in which authors express personal, theoretical and empirical research insights on pilgrimage, religion and tourism from a range of authors, most notably members of the ATLAS Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Special Interest Group. Therefore, a key strength of this book is the presentation of current and diverse empirical research insights on aspects of religious tourism and pilgrimage. The book is designed to present the reader with both common and disparate elements of these phenomena, reflecting the powerful unifying and contradictory elements of this field of study. This opening chapter initially explores the complex nature of the concepts of religion and tourism and the interaction between the two concepts.
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