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Taalbeheersing Lezingen Van De Veertiende VIOT- Conferentie Gehouden Op 17, 18 En 19 Januari 2018 Aan De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

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Taalbeheersing Lezingen Van De Veertiende VIOT- Conferentie Gehouden Op 17, 18 En 19 Januari 2018 Aan De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 2019 VO LUM E 41 NO. 1 VIOT 2018: Duurzame Taalbeheersing Lezingen van de veertiende VIOT- conferentie gehouden op 17, 18 en 19 januari 2018 aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Onder redactie van Carel Jansen Tijdschrift voor Taalbeheersing Amsterdam University Press VIOT 2018: Duurzame Taalbeheersing VIOT 2018: Duurzame Taalbeheersing Lezingen van de veertiende VIOT-conferentie gehouden op 17, 18 en 19 januari 2018 aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Onder redactie van Carel Jansen Amsterdam University Press Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Pre Press Media Groep, Zeist ISBN 978 94 6372 041 0 e-ISBN 978 90 4854 409 7 (pdf) DOI 10.5117/9789463720410 NUR 623 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2019 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). Inhoud Voorwoord 9 ‘Wapper wat meer met je handen’ 11 De invloed van gebaren op retentie en sprekerswaardering bij een informatieve presentatie SJAAK BAARS EN BAS ANDEWEG Opvattingen van mbo-docenten over beroepsgerichte taal- en communicatie-eisen en de aansluiting op een dynamische arbeidsmarkt 27 ANNET BRUIN, JACQUELINE VAN KRUININGEN, KEES DE GLOPPER, ARJAN VAN DER MEIJDEN ENN ICOLE VAN DER MEULEN Is translanguaging een duurzame strategie voor het hoger onderwijs in Zuid-Afrika? 41 ADELIA CARSTENS En dan zit je met de gebakken peren! 55 Strategisch manoeuvreren met het argumentum ad consequentiam FRANS VAN EEMEREN EN BART GARSSEN Tekstuele kenmerken van misleidende journalistiek 69 De zaak-Ramesar CHARLOTTE GOVAERT, LUUK LAGERWERF EN CÉLINE KLEMM Strategisch manoeuvreren met stijl 83 Een systematische benadering TON VAN HAAFTEN EN MAARTEN VAN LEEUWEN Probleembesprekingen met samenwerkende kleuters 97 FRANS HIDDINK Wat leert onderzoek naar overtuigende teksten over het ontwerpen van overtuigender teksten? 113 Een overzicht van meta-analytische studies HANS HOEKEN Zijn concrete argumenten doorslaggevender? 137 Een experiment naar het effect van mate van concreetheid op sociale oordelen LETTICA HUSTINX, IRIS HOFSTRA EN ANNE JANSSEN De invloed van het standpunt op de beoordeling van ad populum-argumentatie 151 HENRIKE JANSEN Pressie en argumentatie in maatschappelijke discussies 167 JAN ALBERT VAN LAAR EN ERIK C. W. KRABBE De ‘stem van het volk’ 181 Populisme en perspectief MAARTEN VAN LEEUWEN EN FREEK VAN VLIET Het effect van monologen en dialogen in radioreclame 197 FRANK VAN MEURS, BERNA HENDRIKS EN DILEK KÖKSAL Een significant probleem 211 GERBEN MULDER De rol van semantische afstand in visuele metaforen 223 MARGOT VAN MULKEN, LUUK LAGERWERF EN IRIS BLOKLAND De rol van gelijkenis bij narratieven 237 JOËLLE OOMS, JOHN HOEKS EN CAREL JANSEN Retorische vragen van de rechter als wrakingsgrond 251 Een argumentatie-analytisch model H. JOSÉ PLUG De redacteur als tekstbeoordelaar 265 Acquisitie en redactie bij Nederlandse algemene uitgeverijen EVERDIEN RIETSTAP Een pragma-dialectische reconstructie van de discussiebijdragen van arts en patiënt in ‘shared decision-making’ 281 A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans en Jean H.M. Wagemans Blijvende impact 295 Onderzoek robuust en relevant maken CATHERINE E. SNOW Ontnuchterende voorlichtingscampagnes over comazuipen bij studenten 309 Een experimenteel onderzoek naar de overtuigingskracht en effectiviteit van humor en angst, en inspelen op fysieke en sociale gevaren SARA VERBRUGGE EN ROMANE MORREALE Effecten van anti-rookboodschappen bij jongeren 323 Een conceptueel replicatieonderzoek HELEEN VAN WIJK ENC AREL JANSEN VOORWOORD Voorwoord Van 17 tot en met 19 januari 2018 vond aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen de veertiende VIOT-conferentie plaats, onder de noemer VIOT 2018. Tijdens deze driedaagse conferentie van de Vereniging Interuniversitair Overleg Taalbeheersing stond het thema Duurzame Taalbeheersing centraal. Duurzaamheid vormde vanuit verschillende invalshoeken de rode, of lie- ver groene draad tijdens deze VIOT-conferentie. In 85 lezingen en negen symposia werd de aandacht gevestigd op de vraag wat in theorievorming, onderzoek en toepassingen op het terrein van de Taalbeheersing en de Communicatiekunde van blijvende waarde is. Ook kwamen methodolo- gische kwesties aan de orde rond herhaalbaarheid van onderzoek en ro- buustheid van uitkomsten. De organisatiecommissie (Jacqueline van Kruiningen (voorzitter), Kees de Glopper, John Hoeks en Carel Jansen) dankt de collega’s die betrokken waren bij de organisatie van de conferentie voor hun inzet. Van de Groningse afdeling CIW Groningen waren dat Aline Douma, Noortje Hemmen, Annemiek Nijp en Aniek Straatman, en van het Groningen Congres Bureau Mariska Pater en Sharon de Puijsselaar. Dank gaat ook uit naar de sponsoren van de conferentie: het Groninger Universiteitsfonds, het Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen, de Taalunie en het bestuur van de VIOT. In deze bundel zijn twee van de vier keynote-bijdragen opgenomen. Catherine Snow (Harvard Graduate School of Education) vestigt in haar bijdrage Blijvende impact de aandacht op duurzaamheid en relevantie in onderwijsonderzoek. Hans Hoeken (Universiteit Utrecht) presenteert in zijn bijdrage Wat leert onderzoek naar overtuigende teksten over het ontwer- pen van overtuigender teksten? een overzicht van meta-analytische studies over dit thema. Daarnaast bevat deze bundel twintig bijdragen van lezing- houders uit de parelelle sessies. Dank verdienen de 28 reviewers die de bijdragen van constructief com- mentaar hebben voorzien. Hun namen staan hieronder. Natuurlijk gaat de dank vooral uit naar de auteurs die hun lezing hebben bewerkt tot een bijdrage aan deze VIOT-bundel. Net als de vorige VIOT-bundels biedt ook VIOT 2018: DUURZAME TAALBEHEERSING 9 JANSEN deze bundel daarmee een gevarieerd overzicht van de thema’s en onder- zoeksmethoden in actueel taalbeheersingsonderzoek – dit keer met bij- dragen uit niet alleen België en Nederland, maar ook uit Zuid-Afrika en de Verenigde Staten. Speciale dank gaat uit naar Aline Douma voor haar ondersteuning van de redactie en voor de vertaling van het artikel van Catherine Snow. Dank gaat ook uit naar Amsterdam University Press (AUP) voor de mogelijkheid om deze bundel als een nummer van het Tijdschrift voor Taalbeheersing uit te geven en de bijdragen na publicatie ook in open access-vorm beschik- baar te stellen. Carel Jansen (redactie) Reviewers: Bas Andeweg, Huub van den Bergh, Bart Garssen, Myrte Gosen, Hans Hoeken, John Hoeks, Bregje Holleman, Jos Hornikx, Mike Huiskes, Henrike Jansen, Tom Koole, Femke Kramer, Kobie van Krieken, Luuk Lagerwerf, Fons Maes, Els van der Pool, Yfke Ongena, Joëlle Ooms, Albert Oosterhof, Henk Pander Maat, José Plug, Gisela Redeker, Gert Rijlaarsdam, Wilbert Spooren, Leon de Stadler, Ninke Stukker, Dorien Van De Mieroop en Sara Verbrugge 10 VIOT 2018: DUURZAME TAALBEHEERSING ‘WAPPER WAT MEER MET JE HANDEN’ ‘Wapper wat meer met je handen’ De invloed van gebaren op retentie en sprekerswaardering bij een informatieve presentatie Sjaak Baars en Bas Andeweg Technische Universiteit Delft TVT 41 (1): 11–25 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.1.001.BAAR Abstract ‘Flap those hands’ – The influence of gestures on retention and speaker’s assessment in an informative presentation To convey information during an oral presentation speakers not only use words, they also gesticulate. Their gestures can be divided into iconic, me- taphoric, deictic and beat gestures (McNeill, 1992). Beats (repetitive, short movements) are frowned upon by some presentation skills advisers. Earlier research that focused on short speeches, mostly about concrete topological content, found that gestures help the listener to understand and remem- ber the content. Presentation skills courses, however, focus on longer, more abstract informative speeches. To explore how gestures influence both re- tention and assessment of the speaker in such longer speeches, an experi- ment was conducted. Participants (N = 229) were asked to watch a fifteen minute informative presentation accompanied by PowerPoint slides, either (i) without gestures, (ii) with only beat gestures, or (iii) with a mix of iconic, metaphoric, deictic, and beat gestures. Participants were tested on retention and on their assessment of speaker qualities. An ANOVA showed a significant effect for retention. When a speaker accompanied his speech with only beat gestures, this resulted in higher scores than when this speaker remained in a static position. Also, when the speaker used only beat gestures, he was seen as more ‘natural’ than when he remained in a static position. These results do not imply causality. They may, however, temper advisers’ warnings against using beat gestures in presentations. Keywords: gestures, beats, retention, oral presentation, education VIOT 2018: DUURZAME TAALBEHEERSING 11 BAARS & ANDEWEG Inleiding Bij een informatieve presentatie gaat het primair om de inhoud. Het doel van de presentatie is dat de luisteraar de boodschap begrijpt en onthoudt. Toch maken professionele sprekers zich niet alleen druk om een heldere structuur en een goede formulering. Weervrouw Willemijn Hoebert bij - voorbeeld formuleert het als volgt: ‘Tijdens de presentatie is het belang- rijkste dat ik niet afleid van de inhoud. […] Toen ik begon was ik Floortje Fladder, ik wapperde continu met mijn handen. Daar heb ik met een pre-
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