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Dinámicas Políticas Y Económicas En El Dominio Ritual Y La Vida Cotidiana En Timor Oriental

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Dinámicas Políticas Y Económicas En El Dominio Ritual Y La Vida Cotidiana En Timor Oriental Departamento de Humanidades Tesis doctoral Dinámicas políticas y económicas en el dominio ritual y la vida cotidiana en Timor Oriental. Estudios de caso desde laaldeia de Faulara Autor: Alberto Fidalgo Castro 2015 Departamento de Humanidades Tesis doctoral Dinámicas políticas y económicas en el dominio ritual y la vida cotidiana en Timor Oriental. Estudios de caso desde la aldeia de Faulara Autor: Alberto Fidalgo Castro Tutor: Luis A. Gárate Castro Directores: María Jesús Pena Castro Enrique F. Alonso Población 2015 Departamento de Humanidades VISTO BUENO DE LOS DIRECTORES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN Dra. María Jesús Pena Castro y Dr. Enrique F. Alonso Población María Jesús Pena Castro, Profesora Contratada Doctora de Antropología Social de la Universidad de Salamanca, y Enrique Alonso Población, Doctor en Antropología por la UDC, cumpliendo con lo establecido en el artículo 18 del Reglamento de Estudios de Doctorado de la Universidade da Coruña en relación con los Programas de Doctorado regulados por el RD 778/98, hacemos saber: La presente Tesis Doctoral que lleva por título Dinámicas políticas y económicas en el dominio ritual y la vida cotidiana en Timor Oriental. Estudios de casos desde la aldeia de Faulara, realizada bajo nuestra dirección por D. Alberto Fidalgo Castro, reúne a nuestro juicio méritos abundantes y suficientes de originalidad que convierten el trabajo en una valiosa aportación a los temas que el autor aborda. Considero además que la investigación ofrece pleno rigor y fundamentación, tanto empírica como teórica y metodológica. En base a los méritos expuestos, consideramos que el autor de la Memoria de Tesis está en condiciones de optar con la misma al título de Doctor. Por todo ello, damos el visto bueno y autorizamos la presentación de dicha Tesis Doctoral y el inicio de los trámites necesarios para su defensa y lectura de acuerdo con la normativa en vigor. En Ferrol, a 20 de septiembre de 2015 Fdo.: María Jesús Pena Castro Fdo.: Enrique F. Alonso Población Profesora de Antropología Social (USAL) Doctor en Antropología Social Codirectora de la tesis Codirector de la tesis Fdo.: Luis A. Gárate Castro Profesor Titular de Antropología Social Departamento de Humanidades Tutor en la UDC SR. PRESIDENTE DE LA COMISIÓN DE DOUTORAMENTO DE LA UDC SR. DIRECTOR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE HUMANIDADES DE LA UDC Facultade de Humanidades, Rúa Dr. Váquez Cabrera S/N Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol (A Coruña) T. 981337400 - F. 981337430 [email protected] - www.udc.es Para Pu-Rita y Fer-Nando Dau-Roma y Blea-Kasa Dinámicas políticas y económicas en el dominio ritual y la vida cotidiana en Timor Oriental. Estudios de caso desde la aldeia de Faulara Resumen Esta tesis es una monografía etnográfica realizada en Timor-Leste, país del Sudeste Asiático, que se centra de modo principal –aunque no únicamente– en una aldeia del distrito de Liquiçá llamada Faulara (Lepa). El núcleo de la investigación se enmarca dentro del ámbito de la antropología del ritual, siendo el problema inicial de investigación la comprensión de la relevancia que los rituales tienen como elementos de estructuración de la sociedad y de la economía en Timor-Leste en una coyuntura histórica de posconflicto y de rápido cambio social. El objetivo general es contribuir al conocimiento actual del papel del ritual en un contexto posconflictivo, así como analizar las transformaciones habidas en el dominio ritual derivadas de los drásticos procesos de cambio recientes en las esferas política, económica, social y cultural. Palabras clave Timor-Leste; ritual; intercambio ritual; narrativa; ontología; precedencia; cambio social. Resumo Esta tese é unha monografía etnográfica realizada en Timor-Leste, país do Sueste Asiático, que se centra de modo principal –aínda que non unicamente– nunha aldeia do distrito de Liquiçá chamada Faulara. O núcleo da investigación enmárcase dentro do ámbito da antropoloxía do ritual, sendo o problema inicial de investigación a comprensión da relevancia que os rituais teñen como elementos de estruturación da sociedade e da economía en Timor-Leste nunha conxuntura histórica de posconflito e de rápido cambio social. O obxectivo xeral é contribuír ao coñecemento actual do papel do ritual nun contexto posconflitivo, así como analizar as transformacións habidas no dominio ritual derivadas dos drásticos procesos de cambio recentes nas esferas política, económica, social e cultural. 7 Alberto Fidalgo Castro Palabras chave Timor-Leste; ritual; intercambio ritual; narrativa; ontoloxía; precedencia; cambio social. Abstract This thesis is an ethnographic account done in Timor-Leste, a Southeast Asian country, focused mainly but not only in an aldeia of Liquiçá district, called Faulara. Framed within the field of the anthropology of ritual, the research problem is the comprehension of the relevance that rituals have as structuring elements of economy and society in a context of post-conflict and rapid social change. The aim is to contribute to the current understanding of the role of ritual in a post-conflict context, and to analyse the transformations within the ritual domain derived from the processes of recent drastic changes in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres. Keywords Timor-Leste; ritual; ritual exchange; narrative; ontology; precedence; social change. 8 Dinámicas políticas y económicas en el dominio ritual y la vida cotidiana en Timor Oriental. Estudios de caso desde la aldeia de Faulara Índice Agradecimientos ..................................................................................................................... 15 Preámbulo: notas de un viaje ................................................................................................. 17 I. Introducción ......................................................................................................................... 31 II. Metodología ........................................................................................................................ 39 II.a. Hipótesis ....................................................................................................................... 40 II.b. Objetivos ...................................................................................................................... 40 II.c. Procedimiento .............................................................................................................. 41 II.c.1. Técnicas ........................................................................................................... 44 II.c.1.1. Observación participante ......................................................................... 44 II.c.1.2. Entrevistas ................................................................................................ 45 II.c.1.3. Cuestionarios ............................................................................................ 45 II.c.1.4. Historias de vida ....................................................................................... 46 II.c.2. Herramientas utilizadas ...................................................................................... 46 II.c.3. Fases de análisis y escritura ................................................................................ 47 II.d. El escenario etnográfico .............................................................................................. 47 1. Estado de la cuestión y marco teórico. Aproximación histórica y revisión de la literatura de Timor-Leste y la región ...................................................................................... 53 1.1. Aproximación histórica al escenario etnográfico ........................................................ 53 1.1.1. Arqueología de Timor ......................................................................................... 53 1.1.2. Llegada de migraciones por grupos lingüísticos ................................................ 54 1.1.3. Contactos previos a la llegada de los europeos ................................................. 55 1.1.4. Inicios de las navegaciones y la expansión portuguesa ..................................... 63 1.1.5. La expedición de Magallanes-Elcano ................................................................. 65 1.1.6. Portugal durante los Habsburgo ........................................................................ 68 1.1.7. Reconstrucción del proceso de asentamiento de los portugueses en Timor .... 70 1.1.8. La partición colonial de Timor ............................................................................ 73 1.1.9. Acontecimientos durante el salazarismo ........................................................... 77 1.1.10. Independencia de 1975, invasión y ocupación de Indonesia e independencia definitiva de 1999 ................................................................................ 81 1.2. Antropologías de Timor ............................................................................................... 91 9 Alberto Fidalgo Castro 1.2.1. Antropología y etnografía durante la colonización portuguesa ........................ 92 1.2.1.1. Literatura de religiosos y misioneros .......................................................... 93 1.2.1.2. Literatura del Estado colonial ...................................................................... 96 1.2.1.3. La Misión Antropológica de Timor: 1953-62 ............................................. 102 1.2.1.4. Ruy Cinatti como el gran cambio: su papel en la antropología de Timor . 105 1.2.1.5. Antropólogos extranjeros en el Timor portugués
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