Sego Lily September 2007 30(5)

September 2007 Volume 30 Number 5

Exotic of Utah

The Limits of Restoration in an Age of Weeds

By Douglas N. Reynolds

Weeds have afflicted humanity for hun- dreds of years as evidenced by the following quotations:

Cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee. - Genesis 3:17-18

I will go root away the noisome weeds, which without profit suck the soil’s fertility from wholesome . - W. Shakespeare, Richard II

While weeds have long had serious eco- nomic effects when they establish and com- Above: Creeping buttercup ( repens) is a native of pete with agricultural crops, what should Eurasia that has become widely established across North Amer- concern members of a native society ica. This can be recognized by its compound leaves and most are weeds’ exponentially-increasing ability to root at the nodes. A many-petaled form (var. pleni- effects on natural communities. The Plant florus) is sometimes observed, but most individuals have 5 pet- Conservation Alliance estimates that more als (var. repens). Illustration by W. Fertig. than 1000 weed species are invading natural plant communities in the United States alone. As human impacts intensify through livestock grazing, off-road vehicle use, and In this issue: other disturbances, it is estimated that 4600 acres of western Federal lands are invaded The Limits of Restoration in an Age of Weeds ...... 1 each day and that more than 40% of the spe- Chapter News and Events ...... 2 cies on the Endangered List are at risk from Bulletin Board ...... 3 invasive species. Weeds impact native spe- How on Earth did They get There? ...... 6 cies not only through direct competition for Statistical Summary of the Exotic Flora of Utah ...... 6 light, water, and Continued on page 5 Introduced and Naturalized Plants of Utah ...... 7

Copyright 2007 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society

Education: Loreen Woolstenhulme Sego Lily Editor: Walter Fertig Horticulture: Maggie Wolf ([email protected]). News items, arti- Invasive Weeds: Susan Garvin cles, photos, and illustrations from Rare Plants: Walter Fertig members are always welcome. The deadline for the November 2007 Sego Chapters and Chapter Presidents Lily is 15 October 2007. Cache: Steve Ripple Escalante (Garfield Co): Allysia Angus Copyright 2007 Utah Native Plant Officers Fremont (Richfield area): Rebecca Society. All Rights Reserved President: Bill Gray (Salt Lake Co) Harms & Ron Parsons Vice President: Bill King (Salt Lake Manzanita (Kane Co): Walter Fertig The Sego Lily is a publication of the Co) Mountain (Summit Co): Mindy Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) Treasurer: Celeste Kennard (Utah Co) Wheeler not-for-profit organization dedicated Secretary: vacant Price (Carbon Co): Mike Hubbard to conserving and promoting steward- Board Chair: Mindy Wheeler (Summit Salt Lake: Kipp Lee ship of our native plants. Use of con- Co) Southern (Washington Co): Margaret tent material is encouraged but re- Malm quires permission (except where ex- UNPS Board: Walter Fertig (Kane Co), Utah Valley (Utah Co): Celeste Ken- empted by statute) and must be cor- Robert Fitts (Utah Co), Jackie Freshwa- nard rectly credited and cited. Articles, ter (Box Elder Co), Susan Garvin (Utah photographs and illustrations submit- Co), Marie Griffiths (Salt Lake Co), Ty Website: For late-breaking news, the ted to us remain the property of the Harrison (Salt Lake Co), Kipp Lee (Salt UNPS store, the Sego Lily archives, submitting individuals or organiza- Lake Co), Margaret Malm (Washington Chapter events, links to other websites tions. Submit permission requests to Co), Larry Meyer (Salt Lake Co), (including sources of native plants and [email protected]. We encourage read- Therese Meyer (Salt Lake Co), Jeff the digital Utah Rare Plant Field ers to submit articles for potential Mitchell (Utah Co), Dave Wallace Guide), and more, go to unps.org. publication. By submitting an article, (Cache Co), Winnie Washburn (Iron Many thanks to Xmission for an implicit license is granted to print Co), Maggie Wolf (Salt Lake Co), Loreen sponsoring our website. the article in the newsletter or other Woolstenhulme (Utah Co). UNPS publications for reprint without For more information on UNPS: permission (in print and electronic Committees Contact Bill King (582-0432) or Susan media). When submitting an article, Communications: Larry Meyer Garvin (356-5108), or write to UNPS, please indicate whether it has been Conservation: Bill King and Tony PO Box 520041, Salt Lake City, UT, previously published or submitted for Frates 84152-0041 or email [email protected] consideration to other publications.

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Chapter News but the surrounding canyon has a rich flora and offers some great vistas. Plan to meet at the Best Friends Wel- Escalante (Garfield County): After taking a couple come Center parking lot at 6:30 PM to carpool or cara- months off to enjoy the summer, the Escalante Chap- van a short distance to the John R Flat Road and Kanab ter met on August 14 to enjoy a program on local area Creek. The hike will continue until dusk. The area is tree and shrub identification. Cindy Calbaum and very sandy, so appropriate footwear is recommended. Amber Hughes presented the program using plant – W. Fertig cuttings and an identification key prepared by Cindy. The Escalante Chapter has decided to meet for- Salt Lake: During the course of the summer, four hikes mally only every other month for a while to determine were held by the chapter. In May, several members vis- if this schedule works well. Future programming ited the blooming Claret Cup cacti in the mouth of Par- through the end of the year includes: leys Canyon. During the hike, the members also enjoyed October 2 - Co-sponsoring with the Grand Stair- the native foothill wildflowers and several introduced case-Escalante National Monument Walks & Talks Utah native penstemon species. In July, members hiked program - Jeff Sanders – “Rainwater Harvesting 101”. up to Twin Lakes in Big Cottonwood Canyon. The wild- October 5-6 - Hosting a table at the Escalante Can- flowers were spectacular and the weather was very yons Arts Festival. pleasant. Another hike took members up to the peak at October 9 - Chapter Meeting & Program by Doug Bald Mountain. Despite a late Spring, and dry condi- Reynolds – “Restoration Work and Native Plants” tions, many alpine plants were in full bloom, particu- December 11 - Holiday Party. – Allysia Angus larly the Sky Pilots. At the end of July, a hike was held in the Albion Basin in Little Cottonwood Canyon. The Manzanita (Kane County): Our September 4th meet- meadows were a carpet of color and contained paint- ing will be an evening hike to the ‘underground lake’ brushes, monkeyflowers, geraniums, delphiniums, bog off Kanab Creek Canyon in the Best Friends Animal orchids, eriogonums, erigerons, and penstemons. Par- Sanctuary. The lake itself is too dark for plant life, ticipating members had a wonderful time!

2 Sego Lily September 2007 30(5)

Friday September 7th, 6:30 pm: Potluck Social at Annual Members Meeting: As of press time we are the Sugarhouse Garden Center, 1602 East 2100 expecting our Annual Members Meeting to be held in South, SLC. After the Summer break, we will join the the Provo area on Saturday October 13, hosted by the Wasatch Rock Garden Society for a potluck Utah Valley chapter. This is the occasion when mem- social and an opportunity to share photos of the bers statewide get together to enjoy good food (a tra- plants you photographed this year. An old-fashioned ditional "New World" pot luck dinner), hear an expert slide projector will be available. For digital projec- speaking on some topic of Utah's native plants, and tion, please contact Bill Gray (532-3486) in advance elect a new slate of members to our board of directors. so that he can facilitate that process with his equip- To receive more details, please contact Celeste (801- ment. Please bring a dish to share for the potluck. 377-5918; [email protected]), Mindy Any questions, call Cathy King 582-0432 or 867- (801-699-5459; [email protected]) or Bill 3595. (801-532-3486; [email protected]). Saturday September 8th , 8:00am-2:00pm: Gar- den Fair at the Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District Demonstration Garden, 8215 South 1300 West, West Jordan. The SL Chapter will have a Volunteers Needed for Clay Phacelia Restoration: booth with information on native plants. There will UNPS is a partner with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- be food, music, plant vendors, and experts on hand vice, the Forest Service and other non-profits in re- to answer all your questions about water-wise land- storing the federally endangered clay phacelia to more scaping. For more information visit the website: of its native habitat. To that end, the Uinta National www.ConservationGardenPark.org. Forest and the rest of the partnership are looking for Wednesday October 3rd , 7:00pm-8:30pm: REI, volunteers to help plant phacelia on two steep topic to be announced. shale sites near Highway 6 southeast of Spanish Fork Our meeting location is at REI on 3285 East 3300 Utah, on one or two Saturdays in the first half of Sep- South in the Wasatch Conference Room. This loca- tember. If you are interested in volunteering, please tion is readily accessible from I-80 and I-215. Meet- contact Denise Van Keuren at 801-342-5179, or ings will usually be the first Wednesday of the [email protected]. – Denise Van Keuren month, at 7:00 pm. The success of the Chapter is dependent upon its members. If you have any ideas for events or topics, or want to give a presentation, New Display Gardens at the Utah Central Water Con- please contact Kipp at [email protected] or servancy District: The Utah Central Water Conser- 759-6204. Any ideas or recommendations are wel- vancy District (UCWCD) has undergone a dramatic come! - Kipp Lee change over the last year and the Utah County Chapter of UNPS is especially excited about the Native Utah Utah Valley (Utah C0): Plants and Preschoolers – Plant section that has been designed by our own Bitsy every Thursday at 10 AM we are having our ‘Plants Schultz and will be installed this fall. and Preschoolers’ hikes. The hikes are short dis- Like the Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District tances and everyone is welcome to explore as we go. the new landscaping at UCWCD promotes water con- This summer we returned to Cascade Springs, Rock servation and is designed to help the public become Canyon, the Grotto in Payson Canyon, and the falls acquainted with water efficient plants and gardening hike in Pleasant Grove, and we tried a new hike at practices. Classes have begun and will continue Sundance and visited the UCWCD garden. We have through September. Come attend a garden tour any plans to visit Coalville, and in the fall Hobble Creek. Thursday evening at 6:30 pm or attend a class. A list We will also venture up the South Fork of Provo of classes can be viewed at www.centralutahgar Canyon, American Fork Canyon, and the Shoreline dens.org or by calling 801-222-0123. Trail as the temperatures become more pleasant. If The UCWCD landscape differs from the Jordan Val- you are interested in joining us, call Celeste Kennard ley garden because many of the gardens have been at 801-377-5918 or email celeste.p.kennard@ designed on a slope rather than a flat surface. The site gmail.com. also has some great shady spots under the mature Garden work- Anyone interested in doing some conifers in the Garden Gallery. Also our Plants and garden work on existing Heritage Gardens can call Preschoolers group visited the garden the day Bitsy Celeste Kennard (phone and email listed above). – Schultz was teaching. We found the classroom very Celeste Kennard inviting and the garden was a big hit with the little ones that had fun trying out the hand-on irrigation display and visiting the miniature houses that dot the

Bulletin Board Model Homes and Landscapes section. UNPS will help install the Utah Native Plant Gar- Life Member Update: Paul and Catherine Thalmann den section in October and if you are interested in of Escalante (summer) and Switzerland are the latest helping call Celeste Kennard at (801) 377-5918. – lifetime members of UNPS. – Tony Frates Celeste Kennard

3 Utah Native Plant Society

The Limits of Restoration in an Age of Weeds (continued from page 1) nutrients but indirectly by altering ecosystem proc- esses such as soil erosion, hydrologic regimes, and fire cycles. What exactly constitutes a weed is often in the eye of the beholder; the simplest and broadest definition is a “plant growing where it is not wanted”. By this definition weed scientists, ranchers, and farmers of- ten consider native species like sagebrush a weed when it invades agricultural lands or competes with desirable perennial grasses for grazing. From an eco- logical standpoint, a more limited and specific term is “exotic” or “alien”, denoting that the species is not from the local area and thus the native species are not adapted to its presence. Lacking native predators and diseases to control their population size, these are a danger to natural communities. Even worse are the aliens that are invasive, meaning that they have the ability to invade relatively intact native communi- ties even little disturbed by humans. When these spe- cies alter ecosystem processes by increasing the fre- quency of fire or lowering the water table which fur- ther decreases native species, they set in motion a positive feedback cycle that destroys the original plant community and usually the animal community that depended upon it. Above: Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) from Hitchcock (1950, In 1974, Herbert Baker at UC Berkeley published a revised by A. Chase) Manual of the Grasses of the United States. USDA Misc. Publ. 200., Washington DC. seminal article, The Evolution of Weeds, which enu- merated the life-history strategies that allow weedy species to successfully invade and out-compete native is an annual which germinates with the fall rains, get- species. Some of the most pertinent traits that we see ting a jump on natives which don’t germinate until in species invading Utah today are: spring. By then, the cheatgrass root system is already well-established to out-compete them for water and have adaptations for short and long-distance nutrients. Being very plastic, plants produce a few dispersal so that new areas are rapidly invaded. seeds under drought conditions, and in a wet year, a single plant can produce hundreds of seeds. As do- Seeds remain viable in the soil and germinate under mestic livestock graze and weaken native grasses, many conditions leading to rapid establishment and their hooves disturb the ground, giving cheatgrass a spread. good seedbed. Protected from grazing by sharp awns on the seeds and easily dispersed, cheatgrass rapidly Plants can self-pollinate and/or are pollinated by spreads and fills the spaces between native perennials. wind or general pollinators so that seed production is When plants die in late spring they greatly increase frequent and copious. the likelihood and spread of wildfires that further dev- astate native species that haven’t finished their growth Plants are tolerant and plastic and produce seeds as or reproduction. As a result, over ten million acres of long as conditions permit; in a dry year they produce Idaho and Utah are now monocultures of cheatgrass. a few seeds and, under good conditions, many. The recent, huge Milford Flat fire in central Utah was enhanced by cheatgrass infestation resulting from Plants compete interspecifically through rosettes, livestock grazing and, now that the fire has destroyed choking growth, or allelochemicals that decrease the or weakened the remaining native species, cheatgrass growth and reproduction of natives. will come back even stronger. Many studies have shown that once cheatgrass invades, native species Almost everyone knows the story of cheatgrass recover only slowly, if ever, even with the removal of (Bromus tectorum), the poster child of invasive exot- further disturbance. ics, which has had such a devastating effect on eco- There are several other species that illustrate the systems throughout the west. It exhibits almost invasive characteristics of weeds that I have been every one of the characteristics on the list above. It watching spread through healthy pinyon-juniper

4 Sego Lily September 2007 30(5) and sagebrush communities outside of Cedar City. They are also rapidly spreading throughout other areas of Utah and the western states. Tumble mustard ( altissimum) is a native of Europe and, like cheatgrass, is a winter an- nual and so gets a head start on most natives. It ex- hibits most of the characteristics listed above. It be- gins life as a rosette, often densely packed, which smothers other species. By late spring it bolts to pro- duce a many-branched plant that can reach five feet tall and produce thousands of seeds. The plant dies in summer, breaks off at the base, and the delicate stem with its high surface area can roll with the wind, slowly releasing seeds, or even be lifted ten’s of feet into the air to disperse seeds over large distances. The seeds can live for a long time in the soil and re- main ready when conditions permit, successfully ger- minating and growing in a variety of soil types. In a single year I have watched tumble mustard fill a five foot wide strip along a 25 mile swath of Highway 56 between Cedar City and Newcastle where a new fiber optic cable was installed. This strip will now be easily Above: Bur buttercup (Ranunculus testiculatus or Cerato- ignited by a stray cigarette butt or spark and carry cephala testiculata), an exotic from Eurasia that is spreading fire. It also provides a seed source for the invasion of across Utah and the western United States at an alarming the relatively healthy adjacent Pinyon-Juniper and rate. Photo by Doug Reynolds. Sagebrush communities of central and western Iron County. Another rapidly spreading species is Bur Butter- recruitment. Many reseedings fail when a dry period or cup (formerly Ranunculus testiculatus, now Cerato- late frost follows and the new seedlings cephala testiculata), a native of Eurasia. Another wither away. Even if new plants begin to establish, when annual, it is one of the first to germinate and the restored land is returned back to prior livestock use in spring. Very plastic, plants can produce from one as the ranchers and politicians propose, the degradation to more than 100 sharp-tipped , depending on of the native plant communities and weed invasion will conditions. These are spread by cattle and rapidly resume again. In former times when reservoirs of exotic colonize the disturbed, open areas between shrubs in species weren’t here, natural ecosystems could recover grazed communities. More frightening, I have over time through natural processes. Now, the many ex- watched it move into and establish in undisturbed otic species, with all the adaptations listed above, are just soil crusts in healthy Pinyon-Juniper communities waiting to invade. As more and more parcels of land are and worry that it may come to dominate these areas affected by human-caused fires, grazed by domestic live- as well. stock, or disturbed by off-road vehicles a ratcheting proc- Weed invasions have been called “biological pollu- ess begins in which more natural communities are lost tion” but unlike many kinds of pollution such as an each year to exotic monocultures, probably never to re- oil spill, which happens and can be cleaned up, weed cover. Does it make economic sense in this age of weeds, invasions are self-reproducing and evolving organ- given the few cents per acre received per year from graz- isms that can adapt to new or changing conditions. ing or ATV permits, to lose the native plant communities After the recent fires there has been a lot of talk and the fauna they support? about restoring the area by reseeding native species. The scientific and economic answer to this question is Unfortunately, the chances of success are usually simple: Restoration is no substitute for conserva- small and the process is very expensive. Seeds of na- tion. The costs in time, effort, and money are high and tive species have a limited availability and often cost the chances of a successful restoration are low. And weed many dollars per pound since they are not as easily seeds are always waiting in the soil or in an adjacent area grown and harvested as crop species. The source of to begin their invasion again. One should always be sus- the seed is also important; seeds produced by plants picious when mitigation or future restoration is men- from a different state or habitat may not be well- tioned as an excuse to allow some new or continuing dis- adapted to the conditions in the areas where they are turbance. We are limited by money, time, and knowledge to be used. The semi-arid environment in Utah also in our ability to replicate natural communities and proc- makes restoration especially difficult because of low esses. It is far cheaper and smarter in the long run to pre- resource availability (water, nutrients, and topsoil). vent the introduction of new weeds or the disturbances The environmental variation and harsh microenvi- that allow them to come in than to try and restore the ronments of our climate limit periods of seedling invaded lands.

5 Utah Native Plant Society

How on Earth did They Statistical Summary of get There? the Exotic Flora of Utah

City Creek Canyon descends Based on species and varieties from around 9000 feet into the cited for Utah in A Utah Flora, heart of Salt Lake City. A road as- third edition (Welsh et al. 2003), cends about 6 miles up the canyon, the Intermountain Flora then trails go up another 5 or 6. (Cronquist et al., eds. 1972-2005), The road section is heavily used by and Flora of North America (FNA bikes, runners, and walkers, but editorial committee, 1993-2007), the upper trails scarcely at all. 4273 plant taxa have been docu- Parts of the canyon are infested mented for the state. Of these, 923 with various weeds, noxious and are not believed to be native to otherwise: Cheatgrass, Yellow star Utah (21.6%). Excluding 420 non- thistle, Myrtle spurge, Hounds- native species that are known only tongue and Dalmatian toadflax. from cultivation, 503 exotic taxa However, these tend to fade rap- have become naturalized in the idly as one moves away from the Above: Venus' looking glass (Trio- Beehive State (13.1% of the native road itself. danis perfoliata, Campanulaceae). and naturalized flora). The num- This year I have been exploring Small squares = 1 mm. Photo by Bill ber of exotic species in Utah is the various branches of the creek Gray. relatively high compared to our in search of two rare water-loving neighboring states (see table at endemics, Wheeler's angelica Number of Exotic Taxa in left), but still considerably lower (Angelica wheeleri) and Wasatch Selected Floras than California, Hawaii, and many fitweed (Corydalis caseana ssp. eastern states, especially when dif- brachycarpa). On this particular State # Exotic # Exotic/log area ferences in area are normalized by occasion I was in North Fork and New York 1082 210.5 a log function. had left the road with its disturbed California 1025 182.6 Nearly 70% of the exotic flora of habitats behind me. After follow- Hawaii 861 203.8 Utah consists of forbs, about 18% Illinois 782 151.1 ing a trail for some distance I had are grasses or grass-like species Utah 503 94.2 to really bushwhack to stay any- Colorado 492 90.6 (graminoids), and 12% are woody where near the stream, which was Wyoming 348 64.4 trees and shrubs. Annual forbs heavily overgrown. In this out-of- North Dakota 171 32.5 and graminoids comprise about the-way place, growing within a 43% of the state’s exotic flora radius of a couple of feet, were sev- Source: Rejmanek & Randall (1994), (below).—W. Fertig eral plants each of two non-native Stuckey & Barkley (1993), & Fertig species. One of them was Dalma- (unpublished data) Exotics in the Utah Flora tian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica), separated by perhaps a mile from the nearest roadside population. The other was Venus' looking glass (Triodanis perfoliata), which was completely new to me. Apparently it is quite widely naturalized in the US, but in Utah it is rare and hith- erto found only in Washington and Kane counties. It seems most likely that it came from somebody's gar- den - even so that's a minimum of six miles away. Neither plant has seeds fitted for wind dispersal, and I doubt that any person or domes- tic animal had been by that spot in years, but here were two weeds growing side by side far from their nearest kin. How on earth did they get there, and so close to each other? All I can surmise is that they fell in a single splash from a passing bird. Any other ideas? - Bill Gray 6 Sego Lily September 2007 30(5)

Introduced and Naturalized Plants of Utah

By Walter Fertig

The following annotated checklist is derived from A Utah Flora, third edition (Welsh et al. 2003), the Inter- mountain Flora (Cronquist et al., eds. 1972-2005), and Flora of North America (Flora of North America Edito- rial Committee, 1993-2007). Introduced species that are known only from cultivation in Utah are not included. Each species is listed alphabetically by family and scientific name (following the nomenclature of Welsh et al. 2003). Additional information includes synonyms (in parentheses), common name, growth form (AF= annual forb, AG = annual graminoid, PF = perennial forb, PG = perennial graminoid, S = shrub, T = tree), and geo- graphic area of origin (Afr = Africa, Aust = Australia, CAm = Central America, CNAm = central North America, ENAm = eastern North America, Eura = Eurasia, Euro = Europe, Med = Mediterranean, Mex = Mexico, OW = Old World [Eurasia and Africa], Rus = Russia, SAm = South America, Trop = tropics, TropAm = American trop- ics, TropAs = tropical Asia, WNAm = western North America). State and county noxious weed status is derived from the Utah Weed Control Association website (www.utahweed.org). Counties include only those where a spe- cies is classified as noxious and not the plant’s complete county distribution in Utah (county codes are based on the first four letters of the county name).

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Aizoaceae Myosotis scorpioides, Forget-me-not, PF, Sagina procumbens, Creeping pearlwort, Mollugo cerviana, Slender carpetweed, Euro PF, Eura AF, Trop Cactaceae Saponaria officinalis, Bouncing-bet, PF, Mollugo verticillata, Green carpetweed, Opuntia humifusa, Eastern prickly pear, Euro AF, TropAm PF, CNAm Silene armeria, Sweet-William, AF, Euro Campanulaceae Silene noctiflora, Night-flowering catchfly, Amaranthus albus, Tumble pigweed, AF, Campanula persicifolia, Long-flower AF, Asia TropAm bellflower, PF, Eura marina (S. salina), Salt sand- Amaranthus deflexus, Large- amar- Campanula rapunculoides, Creeping spurrey, AF, Euro nth, AF, OW bellflower, PF, Eura Spergularia media (S. maritima), Greater Amaranthus lividus (A. blitum), Purple Triodanis perfoliata, Venus’-looking sand-spurrey, AF, Euro amaranth, AF, Euro glass, AF, Euro Spergularia rubra, Red sand-spurrey, AF, Amaranthus retroflexus, Redroot pigweed, Cannabaceae Euro AF, CAm Cannabis sativa, Hemp, PF, Eura Stellaria media (Alsine media), Common Anacardiaceae chickweed, AF, Eura Pistacia atlantica, Atlas pistachio, T, Euro Caprifoliaceae Vaccaria pyramidiata (V. hispanica), Cow Lonicera japonica, Japanese honeysuckle, cockle, AF, Euro Apocynaceae S, Asia Nerium oleander, Oleander, S, Med Lonicera tatarica, Tatarian honeysuckle, S, Chenopodiaceae Vinca major, Grave-myrtle, PF, Euro Eura Atriplex heterosperma (A. micrantha), Vinca minor, Periwinkle, PF, Euro Symphoricarpos albus, White snowberry, Two-seed orach, AF, Eura S, WNAm Atriplex hortensis, Garden orach, AF, Eura Bignoniaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Coralberry, Atriplex rosea, Tumbling orach, AF, Eura Campsis radicans, Trumpet-vine, PF, S, E NAm Atriplex semibaccata, Australia saltbush, ENAm PF, Aust Catalpa bignonioides, Common catalpa, T, Atriplex suberecta, Sprawling saltbush, ENAm Arenaria serpyllifolia, Thyme-leaf sand- AF, Aust Catalpa speciosa, Showy catalpa, T, ENAm wort, AF, Eura hyssopifolia, Five-horn smother- Cerastium fontanum (C. vulgatum), weed, AF, Eura Mouse-ear chickweed, PF, Eura Bassia prostrata (Kochia prostrata), Anchusa azurea, Blue alkanet, PF, Med Dianthus armeria, Deptford pink, AF, Euro Forage kochia, PF, Eura Anchusa officinalis, Bugloss alkanet, PF, Dianthus barbatus, Sweet William, PF, Bassia scoparia (Kochia scoparia), Sum- Eura Eura mer-cypress, AF, Eura Asperugo procumbens, Catchweed, AF, Dianthus deltoides, Maiden pink, PF, Euro Chenopodium album var. album, Lambs- Eura Gypsophila elegans, Showy babys-breath, quarter, AF, Eura Borago officinalis, Common borage, AF, AF, Euro Chenopodium ambrosioides, Mexican-tea, Euro Gypsophila paniculata, Tall babys-breath, AF, Mex Cynoglossum officinale, Common hound’s PF, Eura Chenopodium botrys, Jerusalem-oak, AF, tongue, PF, Eura, Co-Nox (SanP, Wasa) Gysophila scorzonerifolia, Glandular Eura Echium vulgare, Common viper’s-bugloss, babys-breath, PF, Euro Chenopodium foliosum, Leafy goosefoot, PF, Euro Herniaria glabra, Herniaria, AF, Euro AF, Eura (Reported in FNA 2003) Lappula squarrosa (L. echinata), Euro- Holosteum umbellatum, Holosteum, AF, Chenopodium murale, Nettle-leaf goose- pean stickseed, AF, Eura Euro foot, AF, Eura Lithospermum arvense (Buglossoides Lychnis alba (Silene latifolia, Melandrium Chenopodium pumilio, Ridged goosefoot, arvensis), Gromwell, AF, Eura dioicum), White campion, PF, Euro AF, Aust Myosotis micrantha (M. stricta), Small- , Halogeton, AF, flower forget-me-not, AF, Eura Eura

7 Utah Native Plant Society

Salsola collina, Slender Russian-thistle, Cosmos bipinnatus, Garden cosmos, AF, Convolvulaceae AF, Asia Mex Convolvulus arvensis, Field bindweed, PF, Salsola paulsenii, Barbwire Russian-thistle, Crepis capillaris, Thread hawksbeard, AF, Eura, UT-Nox AF, Eura Euro Ipomoea purpurea, Morning glory, AF, Salsola tragus (S. kali, S. iberica, S. pes Dyssodia papposa,Pappose gland-weed, TropAm tifer, S. australis), Russian-thistle, AF, AF, CNAm Crassulaceae Asia Emilia sonchifolia, Flora’s paintbrush, AF, Sedum album, White stonecrop, PF, Eura OW Compositae () Erigeron annuus, Annual fleabane, AF, Cruciferae () Ambrosia trifida, Giant ragweed, AF, Euro Alliaria petiolata, Garlic mustard, AF, CNAm Gaillardia pulchella, Firewheel blanket- Eura, Co-Nox (Salt) Anthemis cotula, Mayweed, AF, Eura flower, AF, CNAm Alyssum alyssoides, Pale madwort, AF, Anthemis tinctoria (Cota tinctoria), Gnaphalium luteo-album (Pseudognaph- Euro Yellow chamomile, PF, Eura alium luteoalbum), Yellow-white cud- Alyssum desertorum, Desert madwort, AF, Arctium minus, Burdock, PF, Eura, CO- weed, AF, Euro Euro Nox (Morg) Gnaphalium uliginosum, European cud- Alyssum minus var. micranthum (A. parv- Artemisia abrotanum, Garden sagebrush, weed, AF, Euro, Reported in FNA (2006) iflorum, A. simplex), European madwort, S, Eura Helianthus maximiliani, Maximilian sun- AF, Eura Artemisia absinthinum, Absinthe, PF, Euro flower, PF, CNAm, Reported in FNA Alyssum murale, Yellow tuft, PF, Euro, Artemisia annua, Annual wormwood, AF, (2006) Rep in Intermountain Flora (2005) Eura Helianthus pumilus, Little sunflower, PF, Alyssum szowitsianum, Szowits’ madwort, Aster exilis (Symphyotrichum divaricat- WNAm AF, Euro um), Saltmarsh aster, AF, WNAm Helianthus tuberosus, Jerusalem artichoke, Arabidopsis thaliana, Mouse-ear cress, Aster novae-angliae (Symphyotrichum PF, ENAm AF, Euro novae-angliae), New England aster, PF, Hyphochaeris radicata, Cat’s-ears, PF, Armoracia rusticiana, Horse-radish, PF, ENAm Euro Eura Bellis perennis, English daisy, PF, Euro Inula helenium, Elecampane, PF, Euro Barbarea vulgaris, European wintercress, Berlandiera lyrata, Green-eyes, PF, Lactuca serriola, Prickly lettuce, AF, Euro PF, Eura WNAm Lapsana communis, Nipplewort, AF, Eura Berteroa incana, Hoary alyssum, AF, Euro Carduus nutans, Musk thistle, PF, Eura, Matricaria martima (Tripleurospermum Brassica campestris (B. napus, B. rapa), UT-Nox perforata, T. inodorum, T. maritima, M. Field mustard, AF, Euro Carthamus tinctorius, Safflower, AF, Euro perforata), Scentless chamomile, PF, Euro Brassica juncea, Indian mustard, AF, Asia calcitrapa, Star-thistle, PF, Matricaria parthenium (Tanacetum par- Brassica kaber (Sinapis arvensis), Char- Eura thenium, Chrysanthemum parthenium), lock, AF, Euro (Leucantha cyanus), Feverfew, PF, Euro Brassica nigra (Sinapis nigra), Black- Bachelor’s button, AF, Euro Matricaria recutita (M. chamomila), mustard, AF, Euro Centaurea diffusa (Acosta diffusa), Chamomile, AF, Euro Brassica tournefortii, Sahara mustard, AF, Diffuse knapweed, PF, Med, UT-Nox Onopordum acanthium, Scotch-thistle, Med Centaurea jacea (Jacea pratensis), PF, Eura, UT-Nox Camelina microcarpa, Little-pod false flax, Broom knapweed, PF, Euro Rudbeckia hirta, Black-eyed susan, PF, AF, Asia Centaurea maculosa (Acosta maculosa, ENAm Capsella bursa-pastoris, Shepherd’s-purse, C. biebersteinii, C. stoebe), Spotted Rudbeckia triloba, Brown-eyed susan, PF, AF, Euro knapweed, PF, Euro, UT-Nox ENAm Cardaria chalepensis (C. draba var. Re Centaurea melitensis, Maltese star-thistle, Senecio vulgaris, Common groundsel, pens), Orbicular whitetop, PF, Euro AF, Euro AF, Euro Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba), Centaurea montana, Mountain knapweed, Solidago altissima ssp. altissima, Late Whitetop, PF, Euro, UT-Nox PF, Euro goldenrod, PF, ENAm, Reported in FNA Cardaria pubescens, Hairy whitetop, PF, Centaurea moschata (Amberboa mos- (2006) Euro chata), Sweet sultan, AF, Asia Sonchus arvensis, Field sow-thistle, PF, Chorispora tenella, Blue mustard, AF, Asia Centaurea repens (Acroptilon repens), Euro Conringia orientalis, Hare’s-ear mustard, Russian knapweed, PF, Eura, UT-Nox Sonchus asper, Spiny-leaf sow-thistle, AF, AF, Euro Centaurea scabiosa, Hardheads, PF, Euro Euro Descurainia sophia, Flixweed, AF, Euro Centaurea solstitialis (Leucantha solstit- Sonchus oleraceus, Common sow-thistle, Diplotaxis muralis, Sand rocket, AF, Euro ialis), Yellow star-thistle, PF, Euro, UT- AF, Euro Draba nemorosa, Woodland whitlow- Nox Sonchus uliginosus, Marsh sow-thistle, PF, grass, AF, Eura Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa (C. Euro Draba verna, Spring whitlow-grass, AF, triumfettii), Squarrose knapweed, PF, Tanacetum balsamita (Balsamita major, Asia Eura, UT-Nox Chrysanthemum balsamita), Costmary, Eruca vesicaria, Garden rocket, AF, Euro Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Leu- PF, Eura Erucastrum gallicum, Dog mustard, AF, canthemum vulgare), Ox-eye daisy, PF, Tanacetum vulgare, Common tansy, PF, Eura Eura Euro Erysimum repandum, Spreading wall- Cichorium intybus, Cichory, PF, Eura Taraxacum laevigatum (T. erythrosperm- flower, AF, Euro Cirsium arvense (Breea arvensis), um), Red-seed dandelion, PF, Eura Euclidium syriacum, Syrian mustard, AF, Canada thistle, PF, Eura, UT-Nox Taraxacum officinale, Common dandelion, Euro Cirsium ochrocentrum, Yellow-spine PF, Eura Hesperis matronalis, Dame’s rocket, PF, thistle, PF, WNAm Tragopogon dubius, Yellow salsify, PF, Euro Cirsium vulgare, Bull thistle, PF, Euro, Euro Isatis tinctoria, Dyer’s-woad, PF, Euro, Co-Nox (Beav) Tragopogon porrifolius, Salsify, PF, Euro UT-Nox Cnicus benedictus (Centaurea benedicta), Tragopogon pratensis (T. lamottei), Lepidium campestre (Neolepia campestre), Blessed thistle, PF, Med Meadow salsify, PF, Euro Field pepperwort, AF, Asia Conyza bonariensis, Bonar horseweed, AF, Vernonia marginata, Plains ironweed, PF, Lepidium latifolium (Cardaria latifolia), SAm CNAm Broad-leaf pepperwort, PF, Eura, UT-Nox Coreopsis tinctoria, Golden tickseed, AF, Xanthium spinosum (Acanthoxanthium Lepidium perfoliatum, Clasping pepper CNAm spinosum), Spiny cocklebur, AF, SAm wort, AF, Euro Zinnia acerosa, Shrubby zinnia, S, WNAm Lepidium strictum, Upright pepperwort, AF, SAm 8 Sego Lily September 2007 30(5)

Lobularia maritima, Sweet alyssum, AF, Geraniaceae Elymus elongatus (Agropyron elongatum, Med Erodium cicutarium, Stork’s-bill, AF, Euro Thinopyrum ponticum), Tall wheatgrass, Malcolmia africana, African mustard, AF, Geranium pusillum, Slender crane’s-bill, PG, Eura Afr AF, Euro Elymus hispidus (Agropyron intermedium, Nasturtium officinale (Rorippa nastur- Gramineae (Poaceae) Elytrigia intermedia, Thinopyrum inter- tium-aquaticum), Watercress, PF, Euro Aegilops cylindrica (Cylindropyrum medium), Intermediate wheatgrass, PG, Rorippa austriaca, Austrian fieldcress, PF, cylindricum), Jointed goatgrass, AG, Eura Euro Eura, Co-Nox (SanJ) Elymus junceus (Psathyrostachys juncea), Rorippa sylvestris, Shore yellowcress, PF, Agropyron cristatum (A. pectinatum, A. Russian wildrye, PG, Rus Euro sibiricum, A. fragile, A. mongollicum, A. Elymus repens (Agropyron repens, Ely- Sisymbrium altissimum, Tumble mustard, desertorum), Crested wheatgrass, PG, trigia repens), Quackgrass, PG, Eura, UT- AF, Euro Eura Nox Sisymbrium irio, London mustard, AF, Agrostis capillaris (A. tenuis), Colonial Eragrostis barrelieri, Mediterranean Euro bentgrass, PG, Eura lovegrass, AG, Med Sisymbrium loeselii, False London rocket, Agrostis stolonifera (A. alba, A. gigantea), Eragrostis cilianensis, Stinkgrass, AG, AF, Eura Redtop, PG, Eura Eura Thlaspi arvense, Field pennycress, AF, Alopecurus geniculatus, Marsh foxtail, PG, Eragrostis curvula, Weeping lovegrass, Euro Eura PG, Afr Cucurbitaceae Alopecurus pratensis, Meadow foxtail, PG, Eragrostis lehmanniana, Lehmann’s Bryonia alba, White bryony, PF, Euro Eura lovegrass, PG, Afr Citrullus lanatus, Watermelon, AF, Afr Alopecurus ventricosus (A. arundinaceus), Eragrostis mexicana (E. orcuttiana), Cucumis sativus, Cucumber, AF, Asia Creeping foxtail, PG, Eura Mexican lovegrass, AG, WNAm Cucurbita palmate, Coyote gourd, PF, Apera interrupta, Italian sandgrass, AG, Eragrostis minor, Little lovegrass, AG, WNAm Eura Eura Echinocystis lobata, Wild cucumber, AF, Arrhenatherum elatius, Tall oat-grass, PG, Eremopyrum triticeum (Agropyron trit- ENAm Eura iceum), Annual wheatgrass, AG, Asia Arundo donax, Giant reed, PG, Eura Eriochloa contracta, Prairie cup-grass, Cuscutaceae Avena fatua var. fatua, Wild oats, AG, AG, CNAm Cuscuta approximata var. urceolata (C. Eura Festuca arundinacea (Schedonorus phoe- epithymum ssp. approximata), Slender Avena fatua var. sativa (A. sativa), Oats, nix, S. arundinaceus, Lolium arundin- dodder, PF, Med AG, Eura aceum), Tall fescue, PG, Euro Bothriochloa ischaemum, Yellow bluestem, Festuca bromoides (Vulpia bromoides), Dipsacaceae PG, Eura Brome six-weeks fescue, AG, Eura Dipsacus sylvestris (D. fullonum var. Bromus briziformis, Rattlesnake chess, Festuca myuros (Vulpia myuros), Foxtail sylvestris), Teasel, PF, Euro AG, Eura fescue, AG, Eura Knautia arvensis, Bluebuttons, PF, Euro Bromus catharticus (B. willdenowii), Festuca pratensis (Schedonorus pratensis, Rescue grass, AG, Eura Lolium pretense), Meadow fescue, PG, Ebenaceae Bromus diandrus (B. rigidus, Anisantha Eura Diospyros virginiana, Common persim- diandra), Ripgut brome, AG, Eura Festuca rubra, Red fescue, PG, ENAm mon, T, ENAm Bromus hordeaceus (B. mollis, B. racemo- Holcus lanatus, Common velvet-grass, PG, sus), Soft chess, AG, Eura Eura Elaeagnaceae Bromus inermis var. inermis (Bromopsis Hordeum marinum (H. geniculatum), Elaeagnus angustifolia, Russian-olive, T, inermis), Smooth brome, PG, Eura Mediterranean barley, AG, Eura Euro, Co-Nox (Carb, Duch, Sevi, Uint, Bromus japonicus (B. arvensis), Japanese Hordeum murinum (H. leporinum, Crit- Wayn) brome, AG, Eura esion glaucum), Rabbit barley, AG, Euro Bromus rubens, Red brome, AG, Eura Lolium perenne, Perennial ryegrass, PG, Euphorbiaceae Bromus secalinus, Rye chess, AG, Eura Eura Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Euphorbia Bromus sterilis (Anisantha sterilis), Muhlenbergia schreberi, Nimblewill hyssopifolia), Hyssop spurge, AF, ENAm Poverty brome, AG, Eura muhly, PG, ENAm Chamaesyce maculata (C. nutans, Euphor- Bromus tectorum (Anisantha tectorum), Oryzopsis miliacea (Piptatherium milia- bia maculata), Spotted spurge, AF, ENAm Cheatgrass, AG, Eura ceum), Smilo grass, PG, Med, Rep in In Chamaesyce prostrata (Euphorbia prost- Bromus trinii (B. berteroanus), Chilean termountain Flora (1977) rata, E. chamaesyce), Prostrate spurge, chess, AG, SAm Panicum antidotale, Blue panicgrass, PG, AF, ENAm Buchloe dactyloides, Buffalo grass, PG, Asia Euphorbia cyathophora, Fire-on-the- CNAm Panicum dichotomiflorum, Spreading mountain, AF, ENAm Chloris verticillata, Tumble windmillgrass, panicgrass, AG, ENAm Euphorbia cyparissias (Tithymalus cy- PG, WNAm Panicum flexile, Wiry panicgrass, AG, parissias), Cypress spurge, PF, Euro Crypsis alopecuroides, Prickle-grass, AG, ENAm Euphorbia dentata (E. davidii, Poinsettia Eura Panicum miliaceum, Broomcorn panic- dentata), Toothed spurge, AF, CNAm Crypsis schoenoides, Common prickle- grass, AG, Asia Euphorbia esula (Tithymalus esula), grass, AG, Eura Phalaris canariensis, Canary grass, AG, Afr Leafy spurge, PF, Euro, UT-Nox Cynodon dactylon, Bermuda grass, PG, Phleum pretense, Timothy, PG, Eura Euphorbia marginata (Agaloma margi- Afr, UT-Nox (except Wash Co) Piptochaetium lasianthum, Speargrass, PG, nata), Snow-on-the-mountain, AF, CNAm Dactylis glomerata, Orchard grass, PG, SAm Euphorbia myrsinites (Tithymalus myrs- Eura Poa annua, Annual bluegrass, AG, Eura & inites), Myrtle spurge, PF, Euro, Co-Nox Digitaria ischaemum, Smooth crabgrass, WNAm (Salt) AG, Eura Poa bulbosa, Bulbous bluegrass, PG, Eura Euphorbia peplus (Tithymalus peplus), Digitaria sanguinalis, Hairy crabgrass, Poa compressa, Canada bluegrass, PG, Petty spurge, AF, Eura AG, Eura Eura Echinochloa colona, Awnless barnyard- Poa trivialis, Roughstalked bluegrass, PG, Frankeniaceae grass, AG, OW Euro Frankenia pulverulenta, Wisp-weed, AF, Echinochloa crus-galli, Barnyard-grass, Polypogon interruptus, Ditch polypogon, Euro AG, Eura PG, OW Fumariaceae Eleusine indica, Goosegrass, AG, TropAs Polypogon monspeliensis, Rabbit-foot- Fumaria officinalis, Drug fumitory, AF, grass, AG, Eura Euro 9 Utah Native Plant Society

Polypogon semiverticillatus (P. viridis, Stachys byzantina, Woolly betony, PF, Asia Hyacinthinus orientalis, Common hya- Agrostis semiverticillata), Water polypo- Teucrium chamaedrys, Wall germander, cinth, PF, Asia gon, PG, Eura PF, Euro Muscari botryoides, Grape hyacinth, PF, Puccinellia distans, Weeping alkaligrass, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Euro PG, Eura Albizia julibrissin, Silk-tree, T, Asia Ornithogalum umbellatum, Star of Bethle- Puccinellia fasciculata, Torrey’s alkaligrass, Alhagi maurorum, Camel-thorn, PF, Asia, hem, PF, Euro PG, Euro Co-Nox (SanJ) Linaceae Saccharum ravennae (Erianthus raven- Amorpha fruticosa var. occidentalis, False Linum grandiflorum, Flowering flax, AF, nae), Ravenna grass, PG, Eura indigo, S, WNAm Afr Schismus arabicus, Arabian grass, AG, Med Anthyllis vulneraria, Kidney vetch, PF, Lythraceae Schismus barbatus, Mediterranean grass, Eura Lythrum salicaria, Purple loosestrife, PF, AG, Med Astragalus cicer, Chickpea milkvetch, PF, Euro, UT-Nox Sclerochloa dura, Hardgrass, AG, Eura Euro Lythrum tribracteatum, Three-bract Secale cereale, Cultivated rye, AG, Eura Astragalus falcatus, Russian sickle milk loosestrife, AF, Eura Setaria glauca (S. pumila, Pennisetum vetch, PF, Euro glaucum), Yellow bristlegrass, AG, Eura Caesalpinia gilliesii, Poinciana, S, SAm Malvaceae Setaria verticillata, Bur bristlegrass, AG, Caragana arborescens, Siberian pea-tree, Abutilon theophrasti, Velvetleaf, AF, Euro, Eura S, Rus Co-Nox (SanP) Setaria viridis, Green bristlegrass, AG, Colutea arborescens, Bladder-senna, S, Althaea rosea (Alcea rosea), Hollyhock, Eura Euro PF, Asia Sorghum bicolor, Grain sorghum, PG, Eura Coronilla varia (Securigera varia), Hibiscus trionum, Flower-of-an-hour, AF, Sorghum halepense, Johnson-grass, PG, Crown-vetch, PF, Euro Afr Eura, UT-Nox Cytisus scoparius, Scots broom, S, Euro Malva neglecta, Common mallow, AF, Taeniatherum caput-medusae, Medusa- Desmanthus illinoensis, Illinois mimosa, Eura head, AG, Asia, UT-Nox PF, ENAm Malva parviflora, Small-flower mallow, Triticum aestivum, Wheat, AG, Eura Galega officinalis, Goatsrue, PF, Euro, AF, Euro Ventenata dubia, Ventenata, AG, Euro Co-Nox (Cach) Malva sylvestris, High mallow, PF, Euro Gleditsia triacanthos, Honey locust, T, Malva verticillata (M. crispa), Curled Guttiferae (Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae) ENAm mallow, AF, Eura Hypericum perforatum, Klamath weed, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Licorice, PF, Euro PF, Euro, Co-Nox (BoxE) Halimodendron halodendron, Salt-tree, S, Meliaceae Asia Melia azedararch, Chinaberry, T, Asia Haloragaceae Lathyrus latifolius, Perennial sweetpea, PF, Myriophyllum spicatum (M. exalbescens), Euro Moraceae European milfoil, PF, Euro Lathyris sylvestris, Scots’ sweetpea, PF, Fatoua villosa, Hairy crabweed, AF, Asia Euro Morus alba, White mulberry, T, Asia Hydrophyllaceae Lotus corniculatus, Bird’s-foot-trefoil, PF, maculata, Fivespot, AF, Euro Nyctaginaceae WNAm Lotus tenuis (L. glaber), Slender bird’s- Mirabilis nyctaginea (Oxybaphus nyct- Iridaceae foot trefoil, PF, Euro agineus, O. comatus), Heart-leaf four- Iris germanica, Fleur-de-lis, PF, Euro Medicago falcata (M. sativa var. falcata), o’clock, PF, CNAm Iris pseudacorus, Yellow flag, PF, Euro Yellow alfalfa, PF, Eura Medicago lupulina, Black medick, AF, Euro Nymphaeaceae Juglandaceae Medicago sativa, Alfalfa, PF, Euro Nymphaea odorata, Fragrant water-lily, Juglans nigra, Black walnut, T, ENAm Melilotus alba, White sweet-clover, AF, PF, ENAm Euro Oleaceae Juncaceae Melilotus indica, Indian sour-clover, AF, Fraxinus pensylvanica, Green ash, T, Juncus compressus, Compressed rush, Eura ENAm PG, Euro Melilotus officinalis, Yellow sweet-clover, Onagraceae Juncus gerardii, Black grass, PG, Eura & PF, Euro Oenothera speciosa, Nuttall’s evening- ENAm Onobrychis vicifolia, Sainfoin, PF, Euro primrose, PF, CNAm Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Oxytropis riparia, Riparian locoweed, Ajuga reptans, Carpet-bugle, PF, Euro PF, Asia Oxalidaceae Dracocephalum thymiflorum (Moldavica Parkinsonia aculeata, Jerusalem-thorn, T, Oxalis corniculata, Creeping yellow wood- thymiflora), Thyme-leaf dragonhead, AF, WNAm , PF, Euro Eura Robinia pseudoacacia, Black locust, T, Oxalis dillenii, Southern yellow wood- Glecoma hederacea, Ground ivy, PF, Eura ENAm sorrel, PF, ENAm Lamium amplexicaule, Dead-nettle, AF, Senna artemisioides, Sage cassia, S, Euro Aust Papaveraceae Lamium purpureum, Purple dead-nettle, Sphaerophysa salsula (Swainsonia Argemone polyanthemos, White prickly- AF, Euro salsula), Red bladder-vetch, PF, Asia poppy, PF, CNAm, Rep in FNA (1997) Leonurus cardiaca, Motherwort, PF, Asia Trifolium fragiferum, Strawberry clover, Eschscholzia californica, California Marrubium vulgare, Common horehound, PF, Euro poppy, AF, WNAm PF, Eura Trifolium hybridum, Alsike clover, PF, Papaver glaucum, Tulip poppy, AF, Asia Melissa officinalis, Lemon balm, PF, Euro Euro Papaver rhoeas, Corn poppy, AF, Eura Mentha citrata, Bergamot mint, PF, Euro Trifolium pratense, Red clover, PF, Euro Roemeria refracta, Asian poppy, AF, Eura Mentha piperita, Peppermint, PF, Euro Trifolium repens, White clover, PF, Euro Molucella laevis, Shellflower, AF, Asia Trigonella corniculata, Horned trigonella, Pinaceae Nepeta cataria, Catnip, PF, Euro AF, Euro Larix occidentalis, Western larch, T, Salvia azurea, Blue sage, PF, ENAm Vicia villosa var. villosa, Hairy vetch, AF, WNAm Salvia greggii, Gregg sage, S, WNAm Euro Plantaginaceae Salvia sclarea, Clary sage, PF, Euro Liliaceae Plantago lanceolata, English plantain, Salvia sylverstris (S. nemorosa), Forest Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus, PF, Eura PF, Eura salvia, PF, Euro Hemerocaliis fulva, Orange day-lily, PF, Plantago major, Common plantain, PF, Satureja vulgaris (Clinopodium vulgare), Eura Euro (some strains may be native) Savory, PF, Eura & ENAm 10 Sego Lily September 2007 30(5)

Polemoniaceae Prunus americana, American plum, S, Physalis heterophylla, Clammy ground- Gilia capitata, Ornamental gilia, AF, CNAm cherry, PF, ENAm WNAm Prunus besseyi, Western sand cherry, S, Physalis hispida, Hispid ground-cherry, CNAm PF, CNAm, Rep in Intermtn Flora (1984) Polygonum argyrocolen (included in P. Prunus persica, Peach, T, Asia Physalis pubescens, Pubescent ground- ramosissimum in Utah Flora 2003), Prunus serotina, Wild black cherry, T, cherry, AF, ENAm Persian knotweed, AF, Asia, Rep in FNA ENAm Physalis virginiana, Virginia ground- (2005) Prunus tomentosa, Bush cherry, S, Asia cherry, PF, ENAm, Rep in Intermountain Polygonum aubertii (Fallopia aubertii, F. Pyracantha coccinea, Fire-thorn, S, Eura Flora (1984) baldschuanica), Silver lace-vine, PF, Asia Pyrus calleryana, Callery’s pear, T, Asia Solanum carolinense, Carolina nightshade, Polygonum aviculare (P. arenastrum), Pyrus communis, Common pear, T, Eura PF, ENAm Yard knotweed, AF, Eura Rosa canina, Dog rose, S, Euro Solanum dulcamara, European Bitter- Polygonum convolvulus (Fallopia con- Rosa egalanteria (R. rubiginosa), Sweet- sweet, PF, Eura volvulus), Black-bindweed, AF, Euro briar, S, Euro Solanum elaeagnifolium, Silverleaf Polygonum cuspidatus (Reynoutria japon- Rosa multiflora, Multiflora rose, S, Asia nightshade, PF, CNAm, CoNox (SanJ) ica, Fallopia japonica), Fleece knotweed, Rubus discolor (R. armeniacus), Solanum nigrum, Black nightshade, AF, PF, Asia Himalayan blackberry, S, Eura Euro Polygonum hydropiper (Persicaria hydro- Sanguisorba minor, Garden burnet, PF, Solanum rostratum, Buffalobur, AF, piper), Water-pepper, AF, Euro Euro CNAm, CO-Nox (Mill, SanJ) Polygonum lapathifolium (Persicaria Sorbus aucuparia, European mountain- Solanum sarrachoides (S. villosum, S. lapathifolia), Willow-weed, AF, Eura ash, T, Euro physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum), Polygonum persicaria (Persicaria Rubiaceae Ground-cherry nightshade, AF, SAm maculosa), Lady’s-thumb, AF, Eura Galium mollugo, Great hedge bedstraw, PF, acetosella (Acetosella vulgaris), Med, Rep in Intermountain Flora (1984) Tamaricaceae Sheep sorrel, PF, Eura Rubia tinctorum, Madder, PF, Euro Tamarix chinensis (T. pentandra, T. , Curly dock, PF, Eura ramosissima), Five- tamarisk, Rumex dentatus, Dentate dock, PF, Asia Salicaceae S, Eura, Co-Nox (Uint) Rumex obtusifolius, Bitter dock, PF, Eura Populus alba, White poplar, T, Eura Tamarix parviflora (T. tetrandra), Small- Rumex patientia, Patience dock, PF, Eura Salix fragilis, Crack willow, T, Eura flowered tamarisk, S, Euro Rumex stenophyllus, Narrow-leaved dock, PF, Eura Sapindaceae Ulmaceae Koelreuteria paniculata, Golden rain-tree, Ulmus pumila, Siberian elm, T, Asia Portulacaceae T, Asia Portulaca oleracea, Common purslane, AF, Saxifragaceae Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) ENAm Darmera peltata, Umbrella plant, PF, Apium graveolens, Celery, PF, Eura, Potamogetonaceae WNAm Rep in Intermtn Flora (1997) Potamogeton crispus, Crisped pondweed, Scrophulariaceae Carum carvi, Caraway, PF, Eura PF, Euro Leucophyllum frutescens, Leucophyllum, S, Conium maculatum, Poison-hemlock, PF, Primulaceae WNAm Eura, Co-Nox (Cach, Davi, Kane) Anagallis arvensis, Scarlet pimpernel, AF, Linaria canadensis (Nuttallanthus tex- Daucus carota, Queen Anne’s lace, PF, Euro anus), Blue toadflax, AF, ENAm Eura Punicaceae Linaria dalmatica (L. genistifolia ssp. Foeniculum vulgare, Sweet fennel, PF, Punica granatum, Pomegranate, T, Asia dalmatica), Dalmatian toadflax, PF, Euro, Euro Co-Nox (Salt, Wasa) Pastinaca sativa, Common parsnip, PF, Linaria vulgaris, Butter-and-eggs, PF, Euro Adonis aestivalis, Pheasant-eye, AF, Eura Eura, Co-Nox (Wasa) Torilis arvensis, Field hedge-parsley, AF, Clematis orientalis (Viticella orientalis), Penstemon venustus, Shrubby penstemon, Euro Oriental clematis, PF, Asia PF, WNAm Valerianaceae Delphinium ajacis (Consoldia ajacis), Verbascum blattaria, Moth mullein, PF, Centranthus ruber, Centranthus, AF, Euro Rocket larkspur, AF, Euro Euro Valerianella locusta, Valerianella, AF, Euro Ranunculus acris var. acris, Tall buttercup, Verbascum thapsus, Woolly mullein, PF, PF, Eura Eura Verbenaceae Ranunculus arvensis, Field buttercup, AF, Verbascum virgatum, Wand mullein, PF, Lantana camara, Lantana, S, SAm Euro Euro Lantana montevidensis, Trailing lantana, var. pleniflorus Creep- Veronica anagallis-aquatica, Water speed- S, SAm ing buttercup, PF, Eura well, PF, Euro Phyla nodiflora, Matted fog-fruit, PF, Ranunculus repens var. repens, Creeping Veronica arvensis, Corn speedwell, AF, WNAm buttercup, PF, Eura Eura Verbena rigida, Tuber vervain, PF, SAm Ranunculus testiculatus (Ceratocephala Veronica biloba (Pocilla biloba), Two- Verbena tenuisecta, South American orthoceras, C. testiculata), Bur buttercup, lobed speedwell, AF, Asia vervain, PF, SAm AF, Eura Veronica hederifolia, Ivy-leaved Speedwell, Rhamnaceae AF, Euro Violaceae Rhamnus cathartica, Common buckthorn, Veronica persica (Pocilla polita), Bird-eye Viola arvensis, Field pansy, AF, Euro S, Eura speedwell, AF, Eura Viola odorata, English violet, PF, Euro Ziziphus jujuba, Jujube, S, Eura Viola papilionacea (V. sororia), Meadow Simaroubaceae violet, PF, ENAm Rosaceae Ailanthus altissima, Tree-of-heaven, T, Viola tricolor, Pansy, AF, Eura Crataegus chrysocarpa (C. columbiana Asia var. chrysocarpa, C. rotundifolia), Yellow Solanaceae Vitaceae hawthorn, S, CNAm Datura stramonium, Jimson weed, AF, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia Geum urbanum, City avens, PF, Eura TropAm creeper, S., ENAm Malus pumila (Pyrus malus), Common Hyoscyamus niger, Black henbane, AF, apple, T, Eura Euro, Co-Nox (Rich, SanP) Zygophyllaceae Potentilla norvegica, Norwegian cinquefoil, Lycium barbarum, Matrimony-vine, S, Tribulus terrestris, Puncture vine, AF, AF, Euro Eura Eura, Co-Nox (Cach, Webe)

11 Utah Native Plant Society

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__ New Member Name ______Renewal Street ______Gift Membership City ______State ______Zip ______Membership Category Email ______Student $9.00 __ Senior $12.00 Chapter ______Individual $15.00 __ Household $25.00 __ Please send a complimentary copy of the Sego Lily __ Sustaining $40.00 to the above individual. __ Supporting Organization $55.00 __ Corporate $500.00 Please enclose a check, payable to Utah Native Plant __ Lifetime $250.00 Society and send to:

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