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Variation in Susceptibility of Giant Buttercup (Ranunculus Acris L. Subsp. Acris) Populations to Herbicides
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. i Variation in susceptibility of giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L. subsp. acris) populations to herbicides A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of AgriScience In Agriculture at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Carolyn Sarah Lusk 2012 ii ABSTRACT Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L.) is a serious weed of dairy pastures throughout New Zealand causing substantial economic losses from lost pasture productivity. It has developed resistance to the phenoxy herbicides (MCPA and MCPB) at many sites around New Zealand, particularly in Golden Bay. Since the discovery of resistance in the 1980s, two newer herbicides from a different mode-of-action group (acetolactate synthase inhibitor, ALS), flumetsulam and thifensulfuron-methyl, have been used widely, which appeared to overcome the resistance problem. A survey of farmers in Golden Bay indicated that most have herbicide control programmes for giant buttercup based around flumetsulam but some have reported poor control with this herbicide, particularly after several years of use. The research in this thesis was undertaken to determine whether this may be due to evolved resistance. Seedling progeny from 15 populations of giant buttercup, with known spraying history, were sprayed with a range of doses of flumetsulam, thifensulfuron-methyl and MCPA (Experiment 1) to test for differences in susceptibility. The experiment revealed a large difference in susceptibility between the populations (83-100% and 58-100% mortality at the recommended rate and 2.2 times that rate of flumetsulam applied, respectively). -
Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting -
Aquatic Vascular Plant Species Distribution Maps
Appendix 11.5.1: Aquatic Vascular Plant Species Distribution Maps These distribution maps are for 116 aquatic vascular macrophyte species (Table 1). Aquatic designation follows habitat descriptions in Haines and Vining (1998), and includes submergent, floating and some emergent species. See Appendix 11.4 for list of species. Also included in Appendix 11.4 is the number of HUC-10 watersheds from which each taxon has been recorded, and the county-level distributions. Data are from nine sources, as compiled in the MABP database (plus a few additional records derived from ancilliary information contained in reports from two fisheries surveys in the Upper St. John basin organized by The Nature Conservancy). With the exception of the University of Maine herbarium records, most locations represent point samples (coordinates were provided in data sources or derived by MABP from site descriptions in data sources). The herbarium data are identified only to township. In the species distribution maps, town-level records are indicated by center-points (centroids). Figure 1 on this page shows as polygons the towns where taxon records are identified only at the town level. Data Sources: MABP ID MABP DataSet Name Provider 7 Rare taxa from MNAP lake plant surveys D. Cameron, MNAP 8 Lake plant surveys D. Cameron, MNAP 35 Acadia National Park plant survey C. Greene et al. 63 Lake plant surveys A. Dieffenbacher-Krall 71 Natural Heritage Database (rare plants) MNAP 91 University of Maine herbarium database C. Campbell 183 Natural Heritage Database (delisted species) MNAP 194 Rapid bioassessment surveys D. Cameron, MNAP 207 Invasive aquatic plant records MDEP Maps are in alphabetical order by species name. -
Pollination Ecology Summary
Pollination Ecology Summary Prof. em. Klaus Ammann, Neuchâtel [email protected] June 2013 Ohne den Pollenübertragungs-Service blütenbesuchender Tiere könnten sich viele Blütenpanzen nicht geschlechtlich fortpanzen. Die komplexen und faszinierenden Bestäubungsvorgänge bei Blütenpanzen sind Ausdruck von Jahrmillionen von Selektionsvorgängen, verbunden mit Selbstorganisation der Lebewesen; eine Sicht, die auch Darwin schon unterstützte. Bei vielen zwischenartlichen Beziehungen haben sich zwei oder auch mehrere Arten in ihrer Entwicklung gegenseitig beeinusst. Man spricht hier von sogenannter Coevolution. Deutlich ist die Coevolution auch bei verschiedenen Bestäubungssystemen und -mechanismen, die von symbiontischer bis parasitischer Natur sein können. Die Art-Entstehung, die Vegetationsökologie und die Entstehung von Kulturpanzen sind eng damit verbunden Veranstalter: Naturforschende Gesellschaft Schaffhausen 1. Pollination Ecology Darwin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_syndrome http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/pollination.htm Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., Dudash, M.R., & Thomson, J.D. (2004) Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 35, pp 375-403 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Pollination/Fenster-Pollination-Syndromes-2004.pdf invitation to browse in the website of the Friends of Charles Darwin http://darwin.gruts.com/weblog/archive/2008/02/ Working Place of Darwin in Downe Village http://www.focus.de/wissen/wissenschaft/wissenschaft-darwin-genoss-ein-suesses-studentenleben_aid_383172.html Darwin as a human being and as a scientist Darwin, C. (1862), On the various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects and on the good effects of intercrossing The Complete Work of Charles Darwin online, Scanned, OCRed and corrected by John van Wyhe 2003; further corrections 8.2006. -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
The Ranunculus Acris L. Complex in Europe S
Watsonia, 8, 237-261 (1971). 237 The Ranunculus acris L. complex in Europe s. M. COLES Department ofBotany, Birmingham University ABSTRACT The geographical variation of the Ranunculus acris L. complex within Europe has been exam ined. The following taxa are recognised in this present work: Ranunculus granatensis Boiss. R. strigulosus Schur R. acris L. sensu stricto subsp. acris var. acris var. ,,;llosus (Drabble) S. M. Coles, comb. et stat. novo var. pumilus Wahlenb. subsp. borealis (Trautv.) Nyman subsp.friesanus (Jord.) Rouy & Fouc. var.friesanus var.pyrenaeus S. M. Coles, var. novo R. granatensis and R. strigulosus have a restricted distribution and are relatively uniform in appearance. R. acris sensu stricto occurs over most of Europe and is a very variable plant. The main clinal variation in R. acris is in an east-west direction. R. acris subsp. friesanus forms no part of this variational pattern although its distribution is completely overlapped by that of subsp. acris. INTRODUCTION The plants investigated in this study are those included in Ranunculus acris L. as defined by Tutin (1964). R. acris L. sensu stricto in the present study excludes R. acris subsp. granatensis (Boiss.) Nyman and subsp. strigulosus (Schur) Hyl., which are given specific status. The R. acris complex belongs to the section Ranunculus of the subgenus Ranunculus. It can be separated from most other European species of this section by having a terete pedicel, patent sepals and a glabrous receptacle. The diploid chromosome number of R. acris L. sensu stricto is 14; within the genus a basic chromosome number of 8 is more common than one of 7. -
Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date
Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail FF Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail LRB Equisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine (Engelm.) Stone Common Scouring-rush BS Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun Smooth Scouring-rush WM Equisetum variegatum Scheich. ex Fried. ssp. Small Horsetail LRB Variegatum DENNSTAEDIACEAE BRACKEN FAMILY Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Bracken-Fern COF DRYOPTERIDACEAE TRUE FERN FAMILILY Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ssp. angustum (Willd.) Northeastern Lady Fern FF Clausen Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Bulblet Fern FF Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H.P. Fuchs Spinulose Woodfern FF Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. Ostrich Fern FF Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern FF Polystichum acrostichoides (Michaux) Schott Christmas Fern FF ADDER’S-TONGUE- OPHIOGLOSSACEAE FERN FAMILY Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern FF FLOWERING FERN OSMUNDACEAE FAMILY Osmunda regalis L. Royal Fern WM POLYPODIACEAE POLYPODY FAMILY Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody FF MAIDENHAIR FERN PTERIDACEAE FAMILY Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern FF THELYPTERIDACEAE MARSH FERN FAMILY Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott Marsh Fern WM LYCOPODIACEAE CLUB MOSS FAMILY Lycopodium lucidulum Michaux Shining Clubmoss OF Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh Ground-cedar COF SELAGINELLACEAE SPIKEMOSS FAMILY Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern. Spikemoss LRB CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper Jun-E DS Juniperus virginiana L. Red Cedar Jun-E SD Thuja occidentalis L. White Cedar LRB PINACEAE PINE FAMILY Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch Tamarack Jun LRB Pinus banksiana Lambert Jack Pine COF Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton Red Pine Jun-M CF Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List 1 Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date Pinus strobus L. -
APPENDIX A—CHECKLIST of VASCULAR PLANTS Observed in the Vicinity of Sheffield
PLANTS CHECKLIST APPENDIX A—CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS Observed in the Vicinity of Sheffield COMMON NAME ORIGIN HORSETAILS HORSETAILS (Family Equisetaceae) ❏ Equisetum arvense field horsetail N ❏ Equisetum hyemale tall scouring-rush N FERNS ADDER’S-TONGUES (Family Ophioglossaceae) ❏ Botrychium multifidum leathery grape fern N (E) ROYAL FERNS (Family Osmundaceae) ❏ Osmunda regalis royal fern N HAY-SCENTED (Family Dennstaedtiaceae) ❏ Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern N SPLEENWORTS (Family Aspleniaceae) ❏ Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort N WOOD FERNS (Family Dryopteridaceae) ❏ Cystopteris fragilis brittle fern or fragile fern N (X) ❏ Cystopteris protrusa lowland fragile fern N ❏ Dryopteris marginalis leathery wood fern N ❏ Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern N ❏ Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern N ❏ Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern N GYNOSPERMS (GINKGOS & CONIFERS) GINKGOS (Family Ginkgoaceae) ❏ Ginkgo biloba ginkgo or maidenhair tree C PINES (Family Pinaceae) ❏ Picea glauca conica dwarf Alberta spruce C ❏ Picea pungens gluca blue spruce C ❏ Pinus nigra Austrian pine C ❏ Pinus strobus eastern white pine N ❏ Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir C ❏ Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock N CYPRESSES (Family Cupressaceae) ❏ Juniperus virginiana eastern red-cedar N ❏ Thuja occidentalis arbor vitae N YEWS (Family Taxaceae) ❏ Taxus canadensis Canada yew N ANGIOSPERMS (FLOWERING PLANTS) DICOTYLEDONS (CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA) MAGNOLIAS (Family Magnoliaceae) ❏ Liriodendron tulipifera tulip-tree or tulip-poplar N ❏ Magnolia acuminata -
Gymnaconitum, a New Genus of Ranunculaceae Endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
TAXON 62 (4) • August 2013: 713–722 Wang & al. • Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Wei Wang,1 Yang Liu,2 Sheng-Xiang Yu,1 Tian-Gang Gao1 & Zhi-Duan Chen1 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Wei Wang, [email protected] Abstract The monophyly of traditional Aconitum remains unresolved, owing to the controversial systematic position and taxonomic treatment of the monotypic, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic A. subg. Gymnaconitum. In this study, we analyzed two datasets using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods: (1) two markers (ITS, trnL-F) of 285 Delphinieae species, and (2) six markers (ITS, trnL-F, trnH-psbA, trnK-matK, trnS-trnG, rbcL) of 32 Delphinieae species. All our analyses show that traditional Aconitum is not monophyletic and that subgenus Gymnaconitum and a broadly defined Delphinium form a clade. The SOWH tests also reject the inclusion of subgenus Gymnaconitum in traditional Aconitum. Subgenus Gymnaconitum markedly differs from other species of Aconitum and other genera of tribe Delphinieae in many non-molecular characters. By integrating lines of evidence from molecular phylogeny, divergence times, morphology, and karyology, we raise the mono- typic A. subg. Gymnaconitum to generic status. Keywords Aconitum; Delphinieae; Gymnaconitum; monophyly; phylogeny; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Ranunculaceae; SOWH test Supplementary Material The Electronic Supplement (Figs. S1–S8; Appendices S1, S2) and the alignment files are available in the Supplementary Data section of the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax). -
The Crowfoot Family in Ohio
THE CROWFOOT FAMILY IN OHIO. NELLIE F. HENDERSON. Ranunculaceae, Crowfoot Family. Perennial or annual herbs, or woody climbers, with acrid sap. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes opposite; simple or compound, with clasping or dilated base; stipules none. Flowers hypogynous, actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic, bispor- angiate or occasionally monosporangiate; perianth of similar segments or differentiated into calyx and corolla; capels usually separate; stamens numerous. Fruit an achene, follicle or berry. SYNOPSIS. I. Petals or sepals with a nectariferous pit, spur or tube. 1. Petals broad with a nectariferous pit; sepals not spurred. (I) Ranunculus; (2) Ficaria; (3) Batrichium. 2. Petals cup-shaped or narrow; sepals not spurred. (a) Pods sessile; leaves not trifoliate. (4) Trollius; (5) Helleborus; (6) Nigella. (b) Pods long stalked; leaves trifoliate. (7) Coptis. 3. Either petals or sepals spurred, or hooded; actinomorphic or zygomorphic. (8) Aquilegia; (9) Aconitum; (10) Delphinium. II. Sepals and petals without a nectar pit or spur; sepals usually petal-like. 1. Styles usually elongated, often very prominent in fruit; fruit an achene. (a) Sepals imbricated in the bud. (II) Anemone; (12) Hepatica. (b) Sepals valvate in the bud; leaves opposite. (13) Clematis; (14) yiorna. 2. Style short in fruit; fruit a many-seeded follicle, or a berry. (a) Flowers usually solitary, not racemose. (15) Caltha; (16) Hydrastis. (b) Flowers racemose. (17) Actaea; (18) Cimicifuga. 3. Style short in fruit; fruit an achene or a few-seeded follicle; leaves ternately compound or decompound. (19) Syndesmon; (20) Isopyrum; (21) Thalictrum. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Petals or sepals or both with a nectariferous cup, or spur; flowers frequently yellow. -
Threatened and Endangered Species List
Effective April 15, 2009 - List is subject to revision For a complete list of Tennessee's Rare and Endangered Species, visit the Natural Areas website at http://tennessee.gov/environment/na/ Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Plants and Aquatic Animals with Protected Status State Federal Type Class Order Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Habit Amphibian Amphibia Anura Gyrinophilus gulolineatus Berry Cave Salamander T Amphibian Amphibia Anura Gyrinophilus palleucus Tennessee Cave Salamander T Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus bouchardi Big South Fork Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus cymatilis A Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus deweesae Valley Flame Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus extraneus Chickamauga Crayfish T Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus obeyensis Obey Crayfish T Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus pristinus A Crayfish E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Cambarus williami "Brawley's Fork Crayfish" E Crustacean Malacostraca Decapoda Fallicambarus hortoni Hatchie Burrowing Crayfish E Crustacean Malocostraca Decapoda Orconectes incomptus Tennessee Cave Crayfish E Crustacean Malocostraca Decapoda Orconectes shoupi Nashville Crayfish E LE Crustacean Malocostraca Decapoda Orconectes wrighti A Crayfish E Fern and Fern Ally Filicopsida Polypodiales Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Shield Fern T Bogs Fern and Fern Ally Filicopsida Polypodiales Dryopteris cristata Crested Shield-Fern T FACW, OBL, Bogs Fern and Fern Ally Filicopsida Polypodiales Trichomanes boschianum -
Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family
Ranunculaceae buttercup family Larkspur, Columbine, Clematis and Anenome are common showy garden favourites belonging to this Page | 781 family. Mostly herbaceous, 2500 species have been described, organized in 51–88 genera. Flowers are regular, except in the Larkspur and Monkshood, where sepals resemble petals in form and colour. Petals may be present or absent. Stamens are numerous; pistils 1–many, developing fruit of various forms. The stamens may be modified into a staminode, producing nectar in some species. It may be large and showy as in the Columbine or inconspicuous. Leaves are alternate and compound, with some exceptions. Several are woody and some are even vines. Key to the species A. Plant a vine or climbing by clasping petioles. Clematis aa. Plant herbaceous, not climbing. B B. Leaves simple, shallowly lobed or serrate. C C. Leaves mostly 0.5–5cm wide; cauline leaves reduced; fruit an achene, Ranunculus many per plant. (Buttercups, in part). cc. Leaves kidney-shaped, 5–20cm wide; fruit a follicle, with many Caltha seeds. bb. Leaves compound, or deeply lobed. D D. Leaves all basal; plant <10cm tall. E E. Leaves trilobed, cut half or two-thirds to their bases, Hepatica margins smooth; flowers blue; sepals minute; rare species. ee. Leaves with 3 leaflets, toothed; flowers white, sepals Coptis absent; common in a variety of habitats. dd. Leaves both basal and cauline, or merely cauline; plant >10cm F tall. F. Cauline leaves 2–3, opposite or whorled; flowers 1– Anemone several, white; pedicels long; sepals petaloid. ff. Cauline leaves alternate, >3; flowers many, panicle; G yellow, pink, or purple; petals present.