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Missouri Lutheranism Encounters American Evangelicalism in Its Hymnals, Hymn Writers, and Hymns, 1889-1912

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Missouri Lutheranism Encounters American Evangelicalism in Its Hymnals, Hymn Writers, and Hymns, 1889-1912 Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Concordia Seminary Scholarship 5-1-2014 The Fathers' Faith, the Children's Song: Missouri Lutheranism Encounters American Evangelicalism in its Hymnals, Hymn Writers, and Hymns, 1889-1912 Jon Vieker Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.csl.edu/phd Part of the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Vieker, Jon, "The Fathers' Faith, the Children's Song: Missouri Lutheranism Encounters American Evangelicalism in its Hymnals, Hymn Writers, and Hymns, 1889-1912" (2014). Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation. 49. https://scholar.csl.edu/phd/49 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia Seminary Scholarship at Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright © 2014 by Jon Dent Vieker. All rights reserved. ii To my mother and father, †Nancy and Robert (and Florence); to my wife, Kim; and to my children, Jonathan and his Sarah, and Rebecca. O blest the parents who give heed Unto their children’s foremost need And weary not of care or cost! To them and heaven shall none be lost. ELHB 1912, no. 445, stanza 3 iii CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................................................................................................ x TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... xii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... xiii CHRONOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ xiv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. xv Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 Missouri Lutheranism and Its American Environment ............................................... 2 Missouri Lutheranism and American Evangelicalism ...................................................9 Surveying the Hymnological Strata .............................................................................13 Layer 1: hymnals ...............................................................................................15 Layer 2: hymn writers and translators ...............................................................16 Layer 3: hymn texts ...........................................................................................22 The Thesis ....................................................................................................................23 The Status of the Question in the Context of Current Scholarship ..............................25 The Research Methodology .........................................................................................29 The Plan of the Dissertation ........................................................................................32 iv PART I: THE HYMNALS AND THEIR FORMATION 2. BACKGROUND AND FORMATION OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN HYMN-BOOK (1889, 1892, 1912) ............................................................................ 37 The Broader Context of Predecessor Hymnals .......................................................... 39 C. F. W. Walther and the Kirchengesangbuch für evangelisch- lutherische Gemeinden (1847) ...................................................................39 KELG 1847 and transitional English-language hymnals ..................................42 ELHB 1889 and hymnals from other Lutheran churches ..................................47 The Life and Times of August Crull ...........................................................................54 August Crull as Editor of ELHB 1889 .........................................................................59 The Journey toward ELHB 1912 .................................................................................71 The Sluggish Arrival of ELHB 1912 ...........................................................................80 Conclusions .................................................................................................................88 3. BACKGROUND AND FORMATION OF THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL HYMNAL (1901) ..........................................................................................................92 Missouri Synod Lutheranism and the American Sunday School ................................93 The Formation of the SSH 1901 ..................................................................................98 The genre of the Sunday school hymnal ...........................................................98 A Sunday school hymnal for English Missouri ..............................................101 William Dallmann, theological editor .............................................................104 Stated purposes for SSH 1901 .........................................................................107 Reviews and reactions to SSH 1901 ................................................................118 Overview and Outline of Hymns in SSH 1901 ..........................................................125 Sources Used to Compile SSH 1901 ..........................................................................128 Review of Lutheran Sources ...........................................................................129 v Review of Non-Lutheran Sources ...................................................................132 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................139 PART II: THE HYMN WRITERS AND TRANSLATORS 4. THE GERMAN-LANGUAGE HYMN WRITERS ......................................................143 The Lutheran Reformation (1520–50) .......................................................................148 Hymns, hymnals, and the Gospel ....................................................................148 Luther’s hymn writing ....................................................................................151 Hymns by Luther’s contemporaries ................................................................157 The Rise of Confessionalization (1550–1618) ..........................................................163 The Thirty Years’ War and Its Aftermath (1618–70) ................................................173 Warfare, plague, and famine ...........................................................................173 Johann Heermann, the “Silesian Job” .............................................................176 Paul Gerhardt ..................................................................................................178 Transitional hymn writers ...............................................................................184 The Age of Pietism (1670–1750) ..............................................................................186 A Proto-Pietist: Johann Scheffler (1624–77), a.k.a. Angelus Silesius ............187 A Halle Pietist: Johann Burkhard Freystein (1671–1718) ..............................189 A Moravian Pietist: Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf (1700–60) .................191 A Reformed Pietist: Joachim Neander (1650–80) ..........................................192 The orthodox Lutheran hymn writers .............................................................194 Enlightenment and Restoration (1750–1889) ............................................................198 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................200 vi 5. THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE HYMN WRITERS AND TRANSLATORS ...............204 From Watts to Wesley ...............................................................................................205 The Legacy of the English Evangelicals ...................................................................214 The Oxford Movement and Hymns Ancient and Modern (1861) ..............................219 The Flowering of Victorian Hymnody ......................................................................223 The American Contribution .......................................................................................226 The Translators ..........................................................................................................233 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................240 6. REVIVALISM AND THE GOSPEL SONG ................................................................243 Revivalism and Its American Context .......................................................................244 Moody’s Message and Method ..................................................................................246 The Gospel Songs of Moody and Sankey .................................................................248 Missouri Lutheranism Encounters Revivalist America .............................................252 Attitudes
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