DOUGLAS WILSON the Stalwart Courage of John Knox
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FOR KIRK AND COVENANT The Stalwart Courage of John Knox DOUGLAS WILSON For Kirk and Covenant FOR KIRK AND COVENANT The Stalwart Courage of John Knox DOUGLAS WILSON Blog & Mablog Press and Tire Center Moscow, Idaho www.dougwils.com Douglas Wilson, For Kirk and Covenant: The Stalwart Courage of John Knox, ©2000, 2020 by Douglas Wilson. First edition published 2000 by Cumberland Press. Second edition published 2020 by Blog & Mablog Press and Tire Center. Cover design and interior layout: Valerie Anne Bost Cover images: A letter from John Knox to Queen Elizabeth I dated 6 August 1561. A 1602 engraving of Knox by Hendrick Hondius (after Adrian Vanson). The original is on display in the Scottish National Por- trait Gallery. Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version®. Copyright ©1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permis- sion. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked AV are from the Authorized (King James) Version. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without prior permis- sion of the author, except as provided by USA copyright law. All Scripture quotations are from the King James Version. For my first grandson, Knox Alexander Merkle May you soon take your place in the long battle, And fight as honestly as your namesake. CONTENTS Acknowledgments ...................................xi Foreword to the First Edition .........................xiii Chronology.......................................xix Introduction .......................................1 PART 1: The Life of John Knox Understanding the Times .............................7 Early Life and Education.............................13 Wishart’s Bodyguard ................................19 The Assassination ..................................24 Call to the Ministry.................................30 Galley Slave.......................................36 Knox the Puritan...................................41 Fiasco in Frankfurt .................................47 First Visit Back to Scotland ...........................53 Knox the Huguenot ................................59 Return to Scotland .................................64 Mary Queen of Scots................................70 Knox the Presbyterian ...............................77 Adultery and Murder at Court ........................82 Later Ministry and Death ............................87 PART 2: The Character of John Knox Love ............................................95 Reverence ........................................99 Courage ........................................103 Mercy ..........................................107 Balance .........................................112 Tenderness ......................................116 Humility ........................................120 Adversaries ......................................124 Study...........................................128 Humor .........................................132 Obedience.......................................136 Churchman......................................140 Patience.........................................145 Tradition ........................................149 Patriot ..........................................153 Theologian ......................................158 Fraternity .......................................163 Vision ..........................................167 Zeal............................................172 Provocation ......................................176 Clarity..........................................181 Family..........................................185 Virtue ..........................................189 Hatred..........................................193 Orator..........................................198 Prophet .........................................202 Integrity ........................................207 Faults ..........................................211 Death ..........................................215 Greatness........................................219 PART 3: The Legacy of John Knox Recovering Our History ............................224 Rarely in One Man ................................229 Legacy of Truth ...................................233 Give Us Men.....................................238 The Lessons of Leadership ...........................242 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IRST EDITION | My debts are too great to discharge Fin such a small space, but I must attempt it just the same. Appearances must be kept up. But despite this duty, the great danger in such acknowledgements is really the pos- sibility it creates for gross sins of omission. My intellectual debts really are too great to take care of in any adequate fashion here. Nonetheless, here goes. It is my privilege to minister to the wonderful congre- gation of Christian saints at Christ Church. They pray and labor as genuine Christians should in the ministry and work of the kingdom of God. The elders and deacons of our church have supplied great support and encouragement in the work I have been called to do. xi FOR KIRK AND COVENANT I am grateful to Douglas Jones, who works down the hall, and has served as an intellectual sounding board on many issues. He has been particularly helpful with the historical context surrounding the material in this book. Many thanks go to George Grant, who was kind enough to invite me to participate in this project. I have enjoyed working with him very much and look forward to our con- tinued work together in various settings. My parents taught me to love books and the many peo- ple I would meet in them. In so doing, they have introduced me to countless good teachers and examples. My dear wife was kind enough to tell me when the first draft of a chapter wasn’t any good. She has a quick mind, merciless red pen, and a tender, helpful spirit. Having seen how fortunate John Knox was in marriage has made me doubly grateful for how blessed I have been in mine. ECOND EDITION | Many thanks to Shawn Pater- Sson and Valerie Bost for their work in getting this book republished. xii FOREWORD to the First Edition by George Grant he great nineteenth-century historian Thomas Carlyle, Tthough himself alienated from his native church, was an enthusiastic admirer of its founder, John Knox. Knox was, Carlyle asserted, “a most surprising individual to have kin- dled all Scotland, within a few years, almost within a few months, into perhaps the noblest flame of sacred human zeal and brave determination to believe only what is found completely believable, and to defy the whole world and the devil at its back, in unsubduable defense of the same.” xiii FOR KIRK AND COVENANT Knox was, to Carlyle, the very epitome of stalwart leadership: Here is a gentleman seemingly of eupeptic, not to say stolid and thoughtless frame of mind; much at ease in Zion, and content to take things as they come, if only they will let him digest his victuals, and sleep in a whole skin. Knox, you can well perceive, in all his writings and in all his way of life, was emphatically of Scottish build; eminently a national specimen; in fact what we might denominate the most Scottish of Scots, and to this day typical of all qualities which belong nationally to the very choicest of Scotsmen we have known, or had a clear record of; utmost sharpness of discernment and discrimination, courage enough, and, what is still better, no particular consciousness of courage, but a readiness in all simplicity to do and dare whatsoever is commanded by the inward voice of native manhood; on the whole a beautiful and simple but complete incompatibility with whatever is false in word or conduct; inexorable contempt and detestation of what in modern speech is called humbug. Nothing hypocritical, foolish or untrue can find harbor in this man; a pure, and mainly silent, tenderness of affection is in him, touches a genial humor are not wanting un- der his severe austerity; an occasional growl of sarcastic indignation against malfeasance, falsity, and stupidity; indeed, secretly an extensive fund of that disposition, xiv FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION kept mainly silent, though inwardly in daily exercise; a most clear-cut, hardy, distinct, and effective man; fear- ing God and without any other fear. Carlyle was invariably impressed by such stalwart lead- ership traits. And to be sure, there is a power in unswerving conviction that inevitably arrests the attentions of both men and nations. There is an almost indescribable appeal that attaches itself to uncompromising vision and principled pas- sion. This fact was undoubtedly illustrated quite vividly all throughout the life and work of John Knox. His unswerving commitment and his righteous determi- nation were, indeed, inimitable. Like Daniel in the Old Tes- tament, he was forthright in his condemnation of sin (Dan. 4:27), unguarded in his pronouncement of truth (Dan. 5:13–28), and single-minded in his adherence to the Word of God (Dan. 6:5). Like King Josiah in ancient Israel, he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, never turning aside to the right hand or to the left (2 Kings 22:2). Like the great general Joshua, he dutifully obeyed the clear commands of Scripture, always steadfast and unwavering (Josh. 23:6, 8). But such character traits and such stands, however com- pelling, are inevitably costly. It nearly cost Knox everything during his lifetime, and it has earned him the odium and ire of virtually every secular historian in the years