Subtropical Fruits for Warm Climates Or Tub Growing
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ties once you grow the most important raw materials in your own yard. An effort to place each warm-climate fruit crop into a "tropical," "subtropi- Subtropical Fruits cal," or * warm-temperate" pigeon-hole over-simplifies matters. This is because For Warm Climates our cultivated fruits, collected from many parts of the world, come from a Or Tub Growing variety of climates. An important group that requires near-equatorial growing conditions and JLF YOU HAVE retired recently or grows outdoors in the United States changed jobs and moved to one of the only in Hawaii and Puerto Rico in- favored regions where warm-climate cludes the mangosteen (Garcinia mango- plants can be grown, then a new world stana), the durian (Durio zihethinus), of gardening excitement is literally at rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), and your doorstep. If, however, youVe spent pili nut (Canarium oi)atum). much of your life in such an area A group that requires warm sub- you may already be aware of the rich tropical conditions includes the mango, store of benefits that conae from amateur Antillean (West Indian) avocado cul- fruit growing, and chances are that tivars, the guava, and the most tender you haven*t tired of such pursuits. citrus fruits such as the Key or Mexican Origins of many warm-region crops lime. More than half a million home- such as the mango are lost in antiquity. owners now live in parts of southern But others are comparatively new to Florida where these fruits can be grown. cultivation and systematic research on This group occupies the first section most is still in its youth. This means of the accompanying table as "Fruits you can engage in home garden experi- Suited to the Warmest Parts of the mentation to the degree that your United States." pocketbook and inchnation will per- Zones of cultural adaptation are im- mit. At the same time, enough know- portant because you spend your money ledge is now on tap to allow you to for plants that you expect to survive plant a good many subtropical species the normal extremes of winter cold and outdoors in much of the Southern and summer heat, and to yield satisfactory Western States with confidence of be- crops in your area. ing successful. Individual plant species (and groups Most subtropical fruit plants make within some species) vary widely in excellent landscape items that lend a their range of climatic suitability. The characteristic "tropical" flavor to your USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, Misc. surroundings. For this reason you can Pub. No. 814, affords the most practical include many in your home planting as means for you to determine beforehand dual-purpose ornamentals or shade trees whether a given fruit is likely to suc- that regularly add vitamin-rich deli- ceed in a particular locality. cious fresh fruit to the family's menu. Several cities in the zones covered Guava jelly and paste, mango chut- by this chapter are listed at the bottom ney, calamondin marmalade, loquat of the table. In addition, zones where a pie, and passionfruit jelly and wine species is expected to grow well are join a nearly endless list of gourmet included under ''cultural information." foods that become practical possibili- This means that a mango or Key lime, which you'd normally expect to grow and fruit well only in zone 10b, AUTHOR Robert J. Knight, Jr. is Research may occasionally fruit in sheltered spots Fruit Horticulturist at the Subtropical within zone 10a through a combination Horticulture Research Unit, Agriculture of good luck and special protective Research Service, in Miami, Fla. measures taken during cold spells. So 256 10a is placed on the table, but in cessful in California's Mediterranean parenthesis. Of course your chances of chmate than in the Gulf States are success in zone 10a will be greater if identified by a "W", and others more instead of the mango you plant hardier successful in the East are marked by an fruits such as the loquat and Mexican "E". All the fruits listed in the table and Mexican-Guatemalan hybrid avo- are evergreen in growth habit. cados (listed in the second section of If you are moving into a new home the table, under "Moderately Hardy and your landscape architect is sympa- Fruits"). thetic to the idea, you can start from A select group of warm-temperate scratch with outstanding ornamental plants that withstand more winter cold plants that double as fruit-producers: than those hsted includes the carob loquat, carissa, cattley guava, sea grape, (Ceratonia siliqua), fig (Ficus carica), lychee, longan, and many citrus species Japan persimmon (Diospyros kaki), kiwi are examples. If on the other hand your (Actinidia chinensis), olive (Olea euro- basic planting has aheady been made, pea), and pomegranate (Púnica grana- you can add or delete as conditions and tum). None of these thrive in the your inspiration dictate. warmest parts of zone 10, but you may Many subtropical plants are con- want to try them if you live in cooler tainer-grown for sale. These offer ad- parts of the area we are discussing and vantages over bare-root stock, since if locally experienced gardeners have from containers the shock of transplant- succeeded with them. ing is minimized and your planting One plant adapted to warmest con- season is not confined to those times ditions but omitted from the list is the when plant growth is at low ebb. papaya (Carica papaya) which is di£B- Sizes of container plants will seem cult to grow because of its susceptibility small if you are used to growth rates to diseases and the papaya fruit fly. of trees and shrubs in the Northeast and Another excellent tree for zone 10b is Midwestern States. But unless immedi- the tamarind (Tamarindus indica), but ate effect is important, you may find it grows too large for any except king- that a small but vigorous lime or avo- sized yards. cado tree is a better investment for a Special information is included in the congenial site than a larger, more ex- table where appropriate. For example, pensive specimen. many fruiting plants are admirably Where to get the young trees and suited to pot or tub culture in patios vines for your home planting is a ques- or on porches in the Northeast and tion whose answer depends on your own Midwest where summer weather suits them (and they can be sheltered in- side during winter), and this is noted under "Cultural information." Guavas and loquats produce well in zone 10 but in common with other soft fruits they can be ruined by infestation with Caribbean fruitfly (Anastrepha suspensa) larvae. Therefore where this pest is abundant, as it is at present in much of peninsular Florida, you may want to defer planting susceptible fruits until adequate control measures are developed. For your information, par- ticularly susceptible species are identi- fied by the letters "CF." Trees and shrubs of outstanding value as landscape plants are marked by LDSCP." Avocado cultivars more suc- Carambola fruit. 257 FRUITS FOR HOME PLANTING IN WARM CLIMATES Fruits Suited to the Wannest Parts of the United States Fruit: cultivars Uses of fruit Cultural Information Acerola {Malpighia Bright red ade drinks and Zone 10b (10a). Shrub or ghhra)'. ices of sprightly flavor. small tree with glossy dark Florida Sweet, B 17, Rich in Vitamin C. foliage. CF. others Avocado {Persea ameri- Salads, guacamole spread, Zone 10b. Medium-sized to cana ) West Indian and sandwiches, puree to add large tree. A rich soil is hybrid : to soup; a rich pie filling, very desirable, and perfect Ruehle, Simmonds, milk shakes. drainage is absolutely es- Fairchild, others sential. Banana (Musa spp.): Fresh and in puddings, Patios, large tubs (Caven- Apple, Cavendish, cakes and custards, and ice dish); Zone 10b (10a). Orinoco, many cream. Fruit is delicious Giant herb which gives others fried or baked. a tropical "jungle" effect. LDSCP. Black sapote (Diospyros Blend pulp v>^ith cream or Zone 10b. Handsome me- digyna): brandy and spices to sub- dium-sized tree with glossy Seedlings stitute for chocolate pud- deep-green leaves and ding, mousse or pie filling. dark-colored bark. LDSCP. Richer in Vitamin C than Citrus. Carambola {Averrhoa Float star-shaped slices on Zone 10b (10a). Small or carambola): punch or add to salads. medium-sized tree that iGolden Star, Robert Juice is rich in Vitamin C bears waxy orange or yel- Newcomb, Mih Tao, and has a tea-rose scent. low fruit at least twice a Tean Ma, others. year. Coconut (Cocos Milk and pulp used in Zone 10b. Malay Golden nucífera ) : cakes, pies, beverages and resists lethal yellows dis- Malay Golden puddings. ease. LDSCP. Grumichama (Eugenia Eat fresh; similar to north- Tub for patios. 10b (10a). domheyi ) : ern cherry, black with a Large shrub with glossy seedlings single stone. leaves and white flowers like pear blossoms. CF. LDSCP. Guava (Psidium Jelly, paste, preserved Zone 10. Medium-sized guajavu)'. shells, punch. Rich in Vita- tree with ribbed leaves. Indian Red, many min C. CF. others Jaboticaba (Myrciaria Used as grapes are: fresh, Tub for patios. 10b (10a). cauliftora): or for juice, jelly, or wine. Large shrub or small tree Sabara, others, seed- bearing white flowers and lings black grape-like fruit on trunk. Grows slowly. CF, LDSCP. Limes (Citrus auranti- Essential component of Zone 10b (10a). Straggly, folia ) : many drinks, sherbet, and shrubby trees that need Key (Mexican), C. one of the world's great frequent pruning to shape latifolia: Tahiti pies, a gourmet dessert. them properly. Thorny. ( Bearss ) Longan (Dimocarpus Eat fresh; peel, pit and can 10b (10a). Vigorous, ex- longan ) ; like cherries.