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The Influence of Globalization Over Tribal Culture, Education and Health in Jharkhand

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The Influence of Globalization Over Tribal Culture, Education and Health in Jharkhand The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) | ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) Volume 7, Issue 3, DIP: 18.01.084/20190703 DOI: 10.25215/0703.084 http://www.ijip.in | July - September, 2019 Research Paper The Influence of Globalization over Tribal Culture, Education and Health in Jharkhand Dr Pushplata1* ABSTRACT The present study is intended to explore the study of tribal education and culture of Jharkhand. The researcher has taken sample of tribal from East Singhbhum and West Singhbhum. The Tribal people are a vulnerable sections living in natural condition keeping their own values, customs and beliefs. They considered land and blood as homologous. Their society, culture, religion, identity and their very existence were ultimately linked to the land they held. Whenever there was any attempt to separate them from their land they became restless and even took up arms to safeguard it. Socially the majority of Indian tribal are still tradition bound and are in a disadvantageous position. Since globalisation is opening up the Indian economy suddenly at a very high speed, without the required economic and social policies to provide the much required safety net, tribal who have been involved with production in the traditional ways, have to cope with numerous problems and yet try to avail of the opportunities which an open economy promises. Keywords: Globalisation, Tribal people, Tribal culture India has the second largest Tribal population in the world. The Tribal population is 8.61 percent of the country which is 104.28 million and covering 15 percent areas in the country. The Tribal people are peculiar in ethnic traits, language, social organization, economy, religious beliefs, customs and demographical features. Moreover, the Tribal people have different dialects, different food habits, and different surnames in India. India is marked by its rich traditional heritage of Tribal Culture. Religion and ethnic culture have very important role in the formation of identity of each society. Religion and ethnic culture take an important role in the formation of the social structure. The Indian Government has recognized the Scheduled Tribes in the government gazette. Under the constitution of India, certain tribes have been specified as the scheduled tribes. As per the article 366 (25) the main criteria adopted for specifying communities as the Scheduled Tribes include – 1. Traditional occupation of a definite geographical area. 1 Asst. Professor of Psychology, A.S.College Deoghar *Responding Author Received: August 19, 2019; Revision Received: September 25, 2019; Accepted: September 30, 2019 © 2019, Pushplata; licensee IJIP. This is an Open Access Research distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any Medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Influence of Globalization over Tribal Culture, Education and Health in Jharkhand 2. Distinctive culture, which includes whole spectrum of tribal way of life, i.e., language, customs, traditions, religious beliefs, arts and crafts, etc. 3. Primitive traits depicting occupational pattern, economy, etc., and 4. Lack of educational and techno-economic development. The Tribal people are a vulnerable sections living in natural condition keeping their own values, customs and beliefs. In India, there are 645 distinct tribal living in our country. Tribal people are knowledgeable persons, until now they are protecting the forest even though they get diseases from the forest. Tribal people are protecting nature from the ancient days. The fact that tribal people need special attention can be observed from their low social, economic and participatory indicators. In this study there are 29 tribal groups from the Jharkhand State. Jharkhand is a newly formed state carved out of its former territory of Bihar in Eastern India. She is spread over an area of 79,714 sq km with varied altitudes ranging from 1000 to 4000 feet. The state is also renowned for the multiplicity of the colourful tribal who reside in this vibrant land. Its major festivals are Sarhul. Baha, Sohrai, Karma, Maghe parob, Tusu, Manda etc. The major tribal language are Santhali, Mundari, Kurukh, Nagpuria, The numerous sacred groves of the tribal which they call ‗SARNA‘ have further enriched the spiritual side of this blessed state. The region is also gradually being known to the world for its enormous treasure house of megaliths. Megaliths in Jharkhand can be primarily being divided in two segments: sepulchral and non-sepulchral. The Tribal peoples of India are not only numerically considerable but they are also scattered practically over the whole country, though the main concentration is found in Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Santal Parganas (Jharkhand), Chottsnagpur, Orissa, Raipur (M.P.), etc. Again the tribes of each block differ from one another in race, language culture, social pattern etc. According to their food economy, they may be grouped. The people of Jharkhand were able to lead a peaceful and undisturbed life during this period. ―Their way of life was based on cooperation and was in harmony with the environment. For them land was not simply a factor of production but a source of spirituality as well. They considered land and blood as homologous. Their society, culture, religion, identity and their very existence were ultimately linked to the land they held. Whenever there was any attempt to separate them from their land they became restless and even took up arms to safeguard it. Features of Indian Tribes: The original Tribes are categorized based on their own names; culture, customs, location, practices and their lifestyle. A well-established criterion is followed on certain attributes. They are 1. Geographical isolation: Tribes are living in closer, exclusive remote hills and forest area 2. Backwardness: Livelihood is based on primitive agriculture, low cost closed economy on low level of technology which causes poverty. They have low level of literacy and have lack of health facility 3. Distinctive culture, language and religion: They have developed their own community based on their culture, language and religion 4. Shyness of contact: They have marginal degree of contact with other cultures and people. They live always far away from civilized society and found in the inaccessible areas lying in forest and hills. © The International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 777 The Influence of Globalization over Tribal Culture, Education and Health in Jharkhand Table 01, Major Tribal population and location Tribal Population Name population Geographical Locations in Million in Percentage Gond 7.5 14.5 Karnataka, Andhra, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra Bhill 7.4 14.3 Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh Santal 4.3 8.3 Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Assam, Tripura Mina 2.1 4.0 Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa Oraon 1.9 3.7 Maharashtra, Tripura Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Tripura, Madhya Munda 1.5 2.8 Pradesh Source: Censes 2011 The tribes in Jharkhand were originally classified on the basis of their cultural types by the Indian anthropologist, Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi. Table 02, Tribes in Jharkhand 1 Baiga 2 Asur 3 Banjara 4 Bedia 5 Bathaudi 6 Binjhia 7 Bhumij 8 Birjia 9 Birhor 10 Chick Baraik 11 Chero 12 Gorait 13 Gond 14 Karmali 15 Ho 16 Kharwar 17 Khond 18 Kisan 19 Kharia 20 Korba 21 Kora 22 Mahli 23 Lohar 24 Munda 25 Mal Paharia 26 Parhaiya 27 Oraon 28 Sauria Paharia 29 Savar Objectives of the research 1. To explore and analyze the status of various forms of tribal culture and education system; 2. To study the existing opportunities facilitating the preservation, promotion and dissemination of tribal culture and education system METHODOLOGY Two gram-panchayat areas of five blocks under the two districts East Singbhum and West Singbhum districts were covered under the study. Reliable and valid samples were drawn through Random Sampling method, from the total population of target individuals in the target area covered under survey. Quantitative Research was executed through the judicious deployment of the questionnaires. The data obtained from the respondents were carefully recorded. For more detailed information regarding the living pattern of target-group, to execute qualitative research. During the process of executing research, the respondent‘s detailed information regarding their living pattern was collected. The data obtained through quantitative and qualitative research was analysed. Singhbhum district or popularly known as the ‗Sonar Singhbhum‘, vis. Golden Singhbhum, in the southern region of Jharkhand plateau is quite rich with its minerals as well as cultural heritage. Arid repulsive land of the repudiated villages has stored a unique culture. The valleys of Subernarekha & Kharkai rivers and Dalma hill are inhabited by Proto Austroloid and mixed Dravidian communities from the time immemorial. Inherently the culture of this land consists ancient as well as aboriginal elements. Since the land has not been influenced by any foreign culture, it has maintained its uniqueness and identity of this dignified culture which is reflected through its festivals and festivities. Here almost every month or every season has its own kind of festivals and festivities and other significances. Amongst them the main are Sharhul, ChaitGanjan, Ind-Karam, Bandna, and Makar or Tusu Parab. © The
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