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En Este Número No 2 • Mayo 2010

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En Este Número No 2 • Mayo 2010 2 Mayo 2010 • Revista Biodiverisdad y Areas Protegidas en este número No 2 • Mayo 2010 5 Presentación 6 Prólogo 7 Introducción 8 Red Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad • ReNiBio 9 Áreas Claves de Biodiversidad en Nicaragua Abundancia relativa de animales de caza en DIFERENTES 17 zonas de uso del suelo en un territorio indígena de bosawas Diversidad arbórea y secuestro de carbono en sistemas 29 agroforestales de Coffea arabica en doce fincas de tres mu- nicipios de Las Segovias Dinámica de Mediano Plazo del Bosque Nuboso de Volcán 37 Mombacho, Nicaragua. Densidad de Jaguares en los Territorios Indígenas Mayang- 51 na Sauni Bu y Kipla Sait Taskaika en la Reserva de Biosfera de Bosawas, Atlántico Norte de Nicaragua. Dynastor Macrosiris Ssp. Strix (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), 59 Un nuevo reporte para la Fauna de Nicaragua. Evaluación de la Estructura del Bosque Nuboso del Volcán 63 Maderas, Rivas, Nicaragua Estudio de aves como base para el diseño y establecimiento 75 de un sistema de monitoreo de biodiversidad en la reserva biológica Indio Maíz, Río San Juan Nicaragua. 87 Lepidoptera de la Reserva Natural Laguna de Apoyo Nuevos Reportes y Comentarios Históricos de Murciélagos 93 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) para la Fauna de Nicaragua. 103 Ometepe de Reserva Natural a Reserva De Biosfera Potencial de la Reserva Indio-Maíz para la Conservación de 111 las Poblaciones de Jaguares y sus presas, Río San Juan, Ni- caragua. Revisión de los valores del índice de abundancia relativa 119 de especies (Mean Species Abundance) para Centroamérica. Revista Biodiverisdad y Areas Protegidas • Mayo 2010 3 Nicaragua Corazón Verde del Corredor Biológico Mesoaméricano 4 Mayo 2010 • Revista Biodiverisdad y Areas Protegidas presentación l Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad de agua dulce y de las especies que en ENacional a través del Ministerio ellos habitan. Es un medio para informar, del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales sensibilizar y divulgar el conocimiento (MARENA) basado en su modelo de científico hacia la ciudadanía. desarrollo, asume el ambiente como un tema central y prioritario, de forma Esta segunda edición continúa siendo justa y equilibrada entre el hombre y la el resultado de esfuerzos coordinados naturaleza, desarrollando procesos de entre la Dirección General de superación de la pobreza y conservación Patrimonio Natural, el Sistema Nacional del patrimonio natural y cultural de de Información Ambiental y la Red la nación, respetando los derechos Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad, para ancestrales de los pueblos indígenas y proyectar las múltiples experiencias de las comunidades étnicas. De igual nacionales vigentes y del quehacer de manera implica restitución de valores, investigadores científicos. de conciencia y de derechos para los ciudadanos. Agradecemos la valiosa colaboración del Proyecto GEF-SINAP por facilitarnos los Como Gobierno comprometido con la recursos económicos para la edición y defensa de la biodiversidad de nuestra publicación de la Revista, así también, Madre Tierra, con la ciencia y la de manera especial a los investigadores investigación, se presenta el II número de que han aportado sus valiosos trabajos la Revista Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad, lo que permite compartir experiencias en aporte al crecimiento de capacidades y cumplir el reto de continuar haciendo nacionales para conservar, proteger, realidad este esfuerzo conjunto de la II restaurar y crecer en nuestra riqueza Revista Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad. de ecosistemas terrestres, marinos y Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales Revista Biodiverisdad y Areas Protegidas • Mayo 2010 5 prólogo os ecosistemas silvestres tropicales obstante la superficie de estos ecosiste- Lalbergan una gran diversidad bi- mas se ha visto reducida en más del 50 % ológica que incluye especies vegetales, en los últimos 60 años a consecuencia de animales e invertebrados de diferentes la ampliación de áreas agropecuarias, la clases. Esta alta diversidad biológica es extracción descontrolada de recursos na- la que convierte estos paisajes natura- turales principalmente madera y leña, la les en verdaderos sistemas ecológicos contaminación de los cuerpos de agua, y en donde ocurren múltiples procesos e el crecimiento desordenado de los polos interacciones ecológicas de los que de- urbanos. pende la productividad y viabilidad de los sistemas ecológicos. Conservar una fracción representativa de los ecosistemas silvestres de Nicara- El cambio progresivo de condiciones gua no solo es una obligación del Estado ecológicas y ambientales en los ecosiste- de la República, es también nuestra re- mas silvestres provoca un proceso llama- sponsabilidad y compromiso como inves- do “simplificación ecosistémica” el cual tigadores, científicos y como usuarios de consiste en la pérdida incremental de la biodiversidad del país. Evidentemente especies de alto valor ecológico. la conservación de la biodiversidad co- mienza por conocer y caracterizar el La pérdida progresiva de la biodiversidad patrimonio con que contamos, y para provoca desequilibrios en los ecosiste- ello es esencial la existencia de medios mas, pues se afecta directamente el bal- de difusión de los hallazgos que en ma- ance entre productores, depredadores teria de investigación, manejo, conser- y presas, y con ello comienzan a ocur- vación y regulación del uso de nuestro rir explosiones poblacionales de ciertos patrimonio se lleven a cabo. organismos a quienes favorecen las nue- vas condiciones ecológicas. Estos desbal- Esta revista contribuye en gran medida ances hacen que los ecosistemas pierdan a lograr este objetivo, por tanto forma productividad y se reduzca considerable- parte también de este loable esfuerzo de mente la capacidad funcional de los eco- conservar nuestro patrimonio natural. sistemas silvestres de generar servicios ambientales. Dentro de los ecosistemas silvestres más relevantes del país se encuentra Jaime Incer los forestales como el bosque húmedo Presidente del Fondo NATURA tropical, el bosque de pinos y el bosque seco; los humedales como manglares, pantanos, turberas, llanuras inundadas; lagos y lagunas y arrecifes de coral. En estos ecosistemas se alberga más del 95 % de la biodiversidad de Nicaragua, no 6 Mayo 2010 • Revista Biodiverisdad y Areas Protegidas introducción icaragua como corazón verde del Biosfera de Bosawas, f) Dynastor macro- NCorredor Biológico Mesoamericano, siris ssp. strix (lepidoptera: nymphali- es un país que alberga una riqueza de dae), un nuevo reporte para la fauna de diversidad biológica, una de las mayores Nicaragua, g) Evaluación de la estructura extensiones de bosque tropical húmedo del bosque nuboso del Volcán Maderas, de Centroamérica, ecosistemas únicos, h) Estudio de aves como base para el dis- especies endémicas, grandes reservaros eño y establecimiento de un sistema de de agua, recursos costeros y pesqueros monitoreo de biodiversidad en la Reserva entre otra diversidad, lo que implica Biológica Indio Maíz, i) Lepidoptera de cuantiosos retos en la protección de la Reserva Natural Laguna de Apoyo, j) esas especies, ecosistemas y genes, en Nuevos reportes y comentarios históri- cumplimiento al Convenio sobre Diver- cos de murciélagos (mammalia: chirop- sidad Biológica suscrito en la reunión tera) para la fauna de Nicaragua, k) Una Cumbre de la Tierra de Río de Janeiro propuesta para equilibrar las relaciones en 1992. hombre-naturaleza en la isla de Omete- pe, l) Potencial de la Reserva Indio-Maíz Es así que el Ministerio del Ambiente y los para la conservación de las poblaciones Recursos Naturales (MARENA) congruente de jaguares y sus presas y m) Revisión con el interés mundial por la conserva- de los valores del índice de abundancia ción del patrimonio natural y de nuestra relativa de especies (Mean Species Abun- Madre Tierra, celebra el año Internacio- dance) para Centroamérica. nal de la Biodiversidad, con una serie de eventos a nivel nacional e impulsando el conocimiento científico-técnico de nues- tra biodiversidad. Los trabajos contenidos en esta segunda edición de la Revista Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad, particularmente están referidos a 13 temas: a) Áreas claves de Biodiversidad en Nicaragua, b) Abun- dancia relativa de animales de caza en diferentes zonas de uso del suelo en un territorio indígena de Bosawas, c) Diver- sidad arbórea y secuestro de carbono en sistemas agroforestales de Coffea ara- bica en doce fincas de tres municipios de Las Segovias, d) Dinámica de medi- ano plazo del bosque nuboso de Volcán Mombacho, e) Densidad de jaguares en los territorios indígenas Mayangna Sauni Bu y Kipla sait taskaika en la Reserva de Revista Biodiverisdad y Areas Protegidas • Mayo 2010 7 ReNiBio a Red Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad se dedican a la investigación en el ámbi- Laglutina de manera virtual a investi- to de la biodiversidad y áreas protegidas. gadores con amplia experiencia en bio- Como contrapartes de la Red se encuen- diversidad y medio ambiente, los cuales tra MARENA SINIA-Dirección General de trabajan directamente en temas de con- Patrimonio Natural. De esta manera se servación de ecosistemas, especies y han obtenido insumos y aportes a los in- genes, dentro y fuera de las áreas pro- dicadores ambientales de Biodiversidad tegidas como los niveles básicos en los y Áreas Protegidas en la publicación de que existe y se estudia la diversidad de Medio Ambiente en Cifras 2007-2008 y al la vida. Capítulo Biodiversidad y Áreas Protegidas como parte del Informe GEO-2007-2009. La ReNiBio está concebido como un foro Entre las especialidades concebidas den- de discusión para
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