1968 a TAXONOMIC LIST of PHILATELIC LEPIDOPTERA Many
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Variation in Butterfly Diversity and Unique Species Richness Along
Check List 8(3): 432-436, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S OF Sanctuary,Variation in Tripura, butterfly northeast diversity India and unique species ISTS L richness along different habitats in Trishna Wildlife * Joydeb Majumder, Rahul Lodh and B. K. Agarwala [email protected] Tripura University, Department of Zoology, Ecology and Biodiversity Laboratories, Suryamaninagar – 799 022, Tripura, India. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Quantification of butterfly diversity and species richness is of prime importance for evaluating the status of protected areas. Permanent line transect counts were used to record species richness and abundance of butterfly communities of different habitat types in Trishna wildlife sanctuary. A total of 1005 individuals representing 59 species in 48 genera belonging to five families were recorded in the present study. Of these, 23 species belonged to the family Nymphalidae and accounted for 38.98% of the total species and 45.20% of the total number of individuals. Mature secondary mixed moist deciduous forest showed the maximum diversity and species richness, while exotic grassland showed minimum diversity and species richness. Out of 59 species, 31 are new records for Tripura state, while 21 are unique species and nine are listed in the threatened category. This study revealed that mature secondary forests are more important for butterfly communities, while exotic grasslands have a negative impact on species composition. Introduction state of Tripura (10,490 sq km), in northeastern India In the humid tropics, due to deforestation of primary (Mandal et al. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Page LIST OF ACRONYMS a EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of Study 1 1.2 Background – Volta River Authority 2 1.3 Proposed Aboadze-Volta Transmission Line Project (AVTP) 3 1.4 Legal, Regulatory and Policy Considerations 5 1.5 Future developments by VRA 8 2.0 Description of proposed development 10 2.1 Pre-Construction Activities 11 2.2 Construction Phase Activities 12 2.3 Operational Phase Activities 17 2.3.1 Other Operational Considerations 20 3.0 Description of Existing Environments 21 3.1 Bio-Physical Environment 21 3.1.1 Climate 21 3.1.2 Flora 25 3.1.3 Fauna 35 3.1.4 Water Resources 43 3.1.5 Geology and Soils 44 3.1.6 General Land Use 51 3.2 Socio-Economic/Cultural Environment 51 3.2.1 Methodology 53 3.2.2 Profiles of the Districts in the Project Area 54 3.2.2(a) Shama - Ahanta East Metropolitan Area 54 3.2.2(b) Komenda - Edina - Eguafo - Abirem (KEEA) District 58 i 3.2.2(c) Mfantseman District 61 3.2.2(d) Awutu-Effutu-Senya District 63 3.2.2(e) Tema Municipal Area 65 3.2.2(f) Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese 68 3.2.2(g) Ga District 71 3.2.2(h) Gomoa District 74 3.3 Results of Socio-Economic Surveys 77 (Communities, Persons and Property) 3.3.1 Information on Affected Persons and Properties 78 3.3.1.1 Age Distribution of Affected Persons 78 3.3.1.2 Gender Distribution of Affected Persons 79 3.3.1.3 Marital Status of Affected Persons 80 3.3.1.4 Ethnic Composition of Afected Persons 81 3.3.1.5 Household Size/Dependents of Affected Persons 81 3.3.1.6 Religious backgrounds of Affected Persons 82 3.3.2 Economic Indicators -
Tour Report 1 – 8 January 2016
The Gambia - In Style! Naturetrek Tour Report 1 – 8 January 2016 White-throated Bee-eaters Violet Turaco by Kim Taylor African Wattled Lapwing Blue-bellied Roller Report compiled by Marcus John Images courtesy of Kim Taylor & Marcus John Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk The Gambia - In Style! Tour Report Tour Participants: Marcus John (leaders) with six Naturetrek clients Summary The Gambia is an ideal destination for a relaxed holiday and offers a great introduction to the diverse and colourful birdlife of Africa. We spent the week at the stunning Mandina Lodges, a unique place that lies on a secluded mangrove-lined tributary of the mighty River Gambia. The lodges are situated next to the creek and within the Makasuto Forest, which comprises over a thousand acres of pristine, protected forest. Daily walks took us out through the woodland and into the rice fields and farmland beyond, where a great range of birds and butterflies can be found. It was sometimes hard to know where to look as parrots, turacos, rollers and bee-eaters all vied for our attention! Guinea Baboons are resident in the forest and were very approachable; Green Vervet Monkeys were seen nearly every day and we also found a group of long-limbed Patas Monkeys, the fastest primates in the world! Boat trips along the creek revealed a diverse selection of waders, kingfishers and other waterbirds; fourteen species of raptor were also seen during the week. -
Descent of Man
THE DESCENT OF MAN, AND SELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX, BY CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S., &c. IN TWO VOLUMES.—VOL. II. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1871. [The right of Translation is reserved.] ERRATA. CONTENTS. PART II. SEXUAL SELECTION-continued. CHAPTER XII. SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS OF FISHES, AMPHIBIANS, AND REPTILES. FISHES : Courtship and battles of the males — Larger size of the females — Males, bright colours and ornamental appendages; other strange characters — Colours and appendages acquired by the males during the breeding-season alone — Fishes with both sexes brilliantly coloured — Protective colours — The less con- spicuous colours of the female cannot be accounted for on the principle of protection — Male fishes building nests, and taking charge of the ova and young. AMPHIBIANS : Differences in structure and colour between the sexes — Vocal organs. REP- TILES : Chelonians — Crocodiles — Snakes, colours in some cases protective — Lizards, battles of — Ornamental appendages — Strange differences in structure between the sexes — Colours — Sexual differences almost as great as with birds .. Page 1-37 CHAPTER XIII. SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS OF BIRDS. Sexual differences — Law of battle — Special weapons — Vocal organs—Instrumental music — Love-antics and dances — Deco- rations, permanent and seasonal — Double and single annual moults—Display of ornaments by the males .. .. .. 38-98 vi CONTENTS OF VOL. II. CHAPTER XIV. BIRDS—continued. Choice exerted by the female — Length of courtship — Unpaired birds — Mental qualities and taste for the beautiful — Preference or antipathy shewn by the female for particular males — Vari- ability of birds — Variations sometimes abrupt—Laws of varia- tion — Formation of ocelli — Gradations of character — Case of Peacock, Argus pheasant, and Urosticte . -
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 1, 206-211
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 1, 206-211 Journal homepage: http://www.journalijar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE BUTTERFLY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN MANIKKUNNUMALA FOREST OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA. M. K. Nandakumar1, V.V. Sivan1, Jayesh P Joseph1, M. M. Jithin1, M. K. Ratheesh Narayanan2, N. Anilkumar1. 1 Community Agrobiodiversity Centre, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation,Puthoorvayal, Kalpetta, Kerala- 673121, India 2 Department of Botany, Payyanur College, Edat P.O., Kannur, Kerala-670327, India Manuscript Info Abstract Manuscript History: Butterflies, one of the most researched insect groups throughout the world, are also one of the groups that face serious threats of various kinds and in Received: 11 November 2014 Final Accepted: 26 December 2014 varying degrees. Wayanad district is one of the biodiversity rich landscapes Published Online: January 2015 within the biodiversity hot spot of Western Ghats. This paper essentially deals with the abundance and diversity of butterfly species in Key words: Manikkunnumala forest in Wayanad district of Western Ghats. The hilly ecosystem of this area is under various pressures mainly being Butterfly diversity, Abundance, anthropogenic. Still this area exhibits fairly good diversity; this includes Wayanad, Western Ghats some very rare and endemic butterflies. When assessed the rarity and *Corresponding Author abundance, six out of 94 recorded butterflies comes under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The area needs immediate attention to conserve the M. K. Nandakumar remaining vegetation in order to protect the butterfly diversity. Copy Right, IJAR, 2015,. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION Butterflies are one of the unique groups of insects, which grasp the attention of nature lovers worldwide. -
Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest. -
Project Update: June 2013 the Monte Iberia Plateau at The
Project Update: June 2013 The Monte Iberia plateau at the Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (AHNP) was visited in April and June of 2013. A total of 152 butterflies and moths grouped in 22 families were recorded. In total, 31 species of butterflies belonging to five families were observed, all but two new records to area (see list below). Six species and 12 subspecies are Cuban endemics, including five endemics restricted to the Nipe-Sagua- Baracoa. In total, 108 species of moths belonging to 17 families were registered, including 25 endemic species of which five inhabit exclusively the NSB Mountains (see list below). In total, 52 butterflies and endemic moth species were photographed to be included in a guide of butterflies and endemic moths inhabiting Monte Iberia. Vegetation types sampled were the evergreen forests, rainforest, and charrascals (scrub on serpentine soil) at both north and southern slopes of Monte Iberia plateau Sixteen butterfly species were observed in transects. Park authorities were contacted in preparation on a workshop to capacitate park staff. Butterfly and moth species recorded at different vegetation types of Monte Iberia plateau in April and June of 2013. Symbols and abbreviations: ***- Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa endemic, **- Cuban endemic species, *- Cuban endemic subspecies, F- species photographed, vegetation types: DV- disturbed vegetation, EF- evergreen forest, RF- rainforest, CH- charrascal. "BUTTERFLIES" PAPILIONIDAE Papilioninae Heraclides pelaus atkinsi *F/EF/RF Heraclides thoas oviedo *F/CH Parides g. gundlachianus **F/EF/RF/CH HESPERIIDAE Hesperiinae Asbolis capucinus F/RF/CH Choranthus radians F/EF/CH Cymaenes tripunctus EF Perichares p. philetes F/CH Pyrginae Burca cubensis ***F/RF/CH Ephyriades arcas philemon F/EF/RF Ephyriades b. -
INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a Synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a Historical Sketch
ZOOLOGÍA-TAXONOMÍA www.unal.edu.co/icn/publicaciones/caldasia.htm Caldasia 31(2):407-440. 2009 HACIA UNA SÍNTESIS DE LOS PAPILIONOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a historical sketch JOSÉ LUIS SALINAS-GUTIÉRREZ El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] CLAUDIO MÉNDEZ Escuela de Biología, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Campus Central USAC, Zona 12. Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] MERCEDES BARRIOS Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON), Universidad de San Carlos, Avenida La Reforma 0-53, Zona 10, Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] CARMEN POZO El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Apartado Postal 70-399, México D.F. 04510; México. [email protected]. Autor responsable. RESUMEN La riqueza biológica de Mesoamérica es enorme. Dentro de esta gran área geográfi ca se encuentran algunos de los ecosistemas más diversos del planeta (selvas tropicales), así como varios de los principales centros de endemismo en el mundo (bosques nublados). Países como Guatemala, en esta gran área biogeográfi ca, tiene grandes zonas de bosque húmedo tropical y bosque mesófi lo, por esta razón es muy importante para analizar la diversidad en la región. Lamentablemente, la fauna de mariposas de Guatemala es poco conocida y por lo tanto, es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio y análisis de la composición y la diversidad de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en Guatemala. -
Traditional Consumption of and Rearing Edible Insects in Africa, Asia and Europe
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ISSN: 1040-8398 (Print) 1549-7852 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/bfsn20 Traditional consumption of and rearing edible insects in Africa, Asia and Europe Dele Raheem, Conrado Carrascosa, Oluwatoyin Bolanle Oluwole, Maaike Nieuwland, Ariana Saraiva, Rafael Millán & António Raposo To cite this article: Dele Raheem, Conrado Carrascosa, Oluwatoyin Bolanle Oluwole, Maaike Nieuwland, Ariana Saraiva, Rafael Millán & António Raposo (2018): Traditional consumption of and rearing edible insects in Africa, Asia and Europe, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1440191 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1440191 Accepted author version posted online: 15 Feb 2018. Published online: 15 Mar 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 90 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=bfsn20 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1440191 Traditional consumption of and rearing edible insects in Africa, Asia and Europe Dele Raheema,b, Conrado Carrascosac, Oluwatoyin Bolanle Oluwoled, Maaike Nieuwlande, Ariana Saraivaf, Rafael Millanc, and Antonio Raposog aDepartment for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; bFaculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; -
A Revolutionary Protocol to Describe Understudied Hyperdiverse Taxa
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift und Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift in Vereinigung) Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: NF_66 Autor(en)/Author(s): Meierotto Sarah, Sharkey Michael J., Janzen Daniel H., Hallwachs Winnie, Hebert Paul D. N., Chapman Eric G., Smith M. Alex Artikel/Article: A revolutionary protocol to describe understudied hyperdiverse taxa and overcome the taxonomic impediment 119-145 ©https://dez.pensoft.net/;Licence: CC BY 4.0 Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 66 (2) 2019, 119–145 | DOI 10.3897/dez.66.34683 A revolutionary protocol to describe understudied hyperdiverse taxa and overcome the taxonomic impediment Sarah Meierotto1, Michael J. Sharkey1, Daniel H. Janzen2, Winnie Hallwachs2, Paul D. N. Hebert3, Eric G. Chapman1, M. Alex Smith4 1 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA 3 Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada 4 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada http://zoobank.org/FDA33662-0595-4AC1-B9BA-9F2C1311D114 Corresponding author: Sarah Meierotto ([email protected]); Michael J. Sharkey ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Zimmermann ♦ Received 21 March 2019 ♦ Accepted 2 July 2019 ♦ Published 25 July 2019 Abstract Here we elucidate and justify a DNA barcode approach to insect species description that can be applied to name tens of thousands of species of Ichneumonoidea and many other species-rich taxa. Each description consists of a lateral habitus image of the specimen, a COI barcode diagnosis, and the holotype specimen information required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. -
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
\M RD IV WV The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature IGzjJxjThe Official Periodical of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Volume 56, 1999 Published on behalf of the Commission by The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature c/o The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London, SW7 5BD, U.K. ISSN 0007-5167 '£' International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56(4) December 1999 I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Notices 1 The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature and its publications . 2 Addresses of members of the Commission 3 International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 4 The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 5 Towards Stability in the Names of Animals 5 General Article Recording and registration of new scientific names: a simulation of the mechanism proposed (but not adopted) for the International Code of Zoological Nomen- clature. P. Bouchet 6 Applications Eiulendriwn arbuscula Wright, 1859 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): proposed conservation of the specific name. A.C. Marques & W. Vervoort 16 AUGOCHLORiNi Moure. 1943 (Insecta. Hymenoptera): proposed precedence over oxYSTOGLOSSiNi Schrottky, 1909. M.S. Engel 19 Strongylogasier Dahlbom. 1835 (Insecta. Hymenoptera): proposed conservation by the designation of Teiuhredo muhifascuim Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785 as the type species. S.M. Blank, A. Taeger & T. Naito 23 Solowpsis inviclu Buren, 1972 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): proposed conservation of the specific name. S.O. Shattuck. S.D. Porter & D.P. Wojcik 27 NYMPHLILINAE Duponchel, [1845] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed precedence over ACENTROPiNAE Stephens. 1835. M.A. Solis 31 Hemibagnis Bleeker, 1862 (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes): proposed stability of nomenclature by the designation of a single neotype for both Bagrus neimirus Valenciennes, 1840 and B. -
(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) of Kerala Part of Western Ghats Usin
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (4): 72-77 ISSN 2320-7078 Taxonomic segregation of the Swallowtails of the JEZS 2014; 2 (4): 72-77 © 2014 JEZS genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) of Received: 23-06-2014 Accepted: 17-07-2014 Kerala part of Western Ghats using morphological V.S. Revathy characters of external genitalia Entomology Department, Forest Health Division, Kerala Forest V.S. Revathy and George Mathew Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala- 680635 Abstract George Mathew Studies on the genitalia of four species of Papilionids belonging to the tribe Leptocercini were made. The Entomology Department, Forest structure of vinculum, uncus, valvae and phallus of the male genitalia and the bursa, ductus and ovipositor Health Division, Kerala Forest of the female were found to be useful in taxonomic segregation of these butterflies. This highlights the Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala- extreme practical importance of external genitalic structures in the identification of these butterflies and 680635 improves upon earlier characters for generic and specific determinations based mainly on the wing venation, size and shape of palpi, and frons. Keywords: Taxonomy, Papilionidae, Lepidoptera, Graphium, Western Ghats 1. Introduction The Western Ghats constitute a mountain range along the western side of India. It is acclaimed as World Heritage Site by UNESCO and is one of the world’s eight “hottest hotspots" of biological diversity. Southern Western Ghats extending from the Agasthamalai to Palghat Gap has highest butterfly diversity with maximum Endemics. Thirty six species of butterflies are reported to be endemic to the Ghat and among the butterfly genera, the genus Parantirrhoea is exclusively [11] endemic to this region .