Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 7, 2020

SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES IN THE TURKESTAN -GENERAL AS AN INSTRUMENT OF COLONIAL STATEHOOD (ARCHIVAL SOURCE STUDY)

Azizbek Yokubjonovich Nazarov1

1PhD Student of Department “Source Studies and Archival Studies” of National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan. [email protected]

Received: 18.02.2020 Revised: 13.03.2020 Accepted: 02.04.2020

Abstract This article is devoted to the study of archival documents, scientific societies and institutions of Turkestan, carried out its activity in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries, which are stored in the National Archive of Uzbekistan. The article provides information about their occurrence and activities. As well as a description of the archival holdings of these scientific societies and institutions Keywords: The Turkestan General-governorate, The , Scientific society, National Archive of Uzbekistan, Fund, Inventory, Business, Tashkent, K.P. von Kaufman, the -General, Science.

© 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.195

INTRODUCTION Tashkent Chemistry Laboratory (1870), " Tashkent Astronomical During the reign of the Russian Empire (1865–1917) at hand and Physical Observatory of the Office of Military Topography of were changes in the socio-political and economic life of the Turkestan Military " (1873), " Turkestan People's Turkestan. In particular, these developments were interrelated Museum" (1880), "Turkestan Agriculture" (1885), Turkistan to science and education, and the imposing government tributary of Russian methodological group (1891), " Turkestan subordinated these areas to its resolve and sought after to make Amateur Archaeological circle” (1895), Imperial Russian certain its development. The ruling empire of the Russian Empire Geographical societies (1897), the Turkestan Medical Society strives to steadily review the and its state of affairs in (1899) and Tashkent branch of the Imperial Oriental Society series to expansion bigger cost-effective payback from the newly (1901) [3, 344, 32-35] in use lands, to crush the locals, and to strengthen the empire statehood. These systematic societies were conventional in the country in distinct years, and several of them ceased to be in 1917-1918. The logical societies that were original conventional in Turkestan Accordingly far, these societies suffer been the subject of a (1865-1867) and in a while founded by Turkestan number of studies. The history of the exact societies and governor-general were reputable primarily as a earnings of institutions mentioned above has been in the draw attention to reproduction and intensification of Russian statehood in the of researchers for poles apart periods [4]. They essentially country. essential and resident imperial officials assumed that analyzed the consequences of the controlled behavior and exact the foremost objective of exact societies was to lock the welfare pursuits of these societies, and once in a blue moon analyzed the of Russian statehood. At the alike time, they deliberate to form a aims of their company and their behavior as a measures of loyal inhabitants for the empire by promoting majestic statehood. This in sequence is reflected in the archives and society between the narrow population. In addition, the bent as a findings of the behavior of these societies. A signal case Russian government's administrative processing was ardent to in point of this is B.V. Lunin sends the next memo from gain exact in a row about inner as almost immediately as Lieutenant-General Matsievsky, chief officer of the Turkestan possible. The chief end of this was to hit upon out other about its armed forces district, to the Tashkent side of the Imperial underground and underground assets and to launch armed Oriental Society: forces operations in attendance [1, 95]. "Lieutenant-General... I was told to comprehend your machinery The historian B.V. Lunin states: “The modest research paper of and deduce you the following. Your Excellency agrees on every one Turkestan (especially the public structure, confined customs and of issues, but on the whole importantly, the installment is ignored. traditions, geography of the country, behavior of communication, polite society be supposed to schoolwork the East, not for the East, fossils and other effortless resources) impedes the imposing not uniform for science, but for the Russians (Turkestan peoples – administration's hard work to earn the newly acquired country A.N) to muddle up with Russia [5, 22]. economically impeded the exploitation." [2, 20]. It is significance noting that as a product of the behavior of these controlled An analysis of the archival collections, which contains the above societies, a lot of precise achievements suffer been complete in information, shows us the intention of these societies and the the inclusive report of the country. In other words, in the face of everyday jobs assigned to them by the imperial officials. the a number of goals of establishing societies, these societies cannot be underestimated as critical in the research paper of the MATERIAL AND METHODS country. Many documents on the activities of these scientific societies are stored in the National Archive of Uzbekistan (NAUz). In total, For the above purposes, the focal and resident officials of the there are 6 documents of scientific societies in National Archive Russian Empire locate up a quantity of logical societies and of Uzbekistan, In particular, the following: I-69, I-71, I-103, I-361, institutions as almost immediately as the Turkestan governor- I-591. general was established. In particular, in 1869 the chief the population in the country - the crucial Asian methodical They provide basic information on the activities of the above civilization was established, and anon the Turkestan branch of organizations and are an important source for the development the Amateur Society of Natural Sciences, Anthropology and of science and history in modern research in Turkestan. In Ethnography (1870), Turkestan General Library (1870), and

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SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES IN THE TURKESTAN GOVERNORATE-GENERAL AS AN INSTRUMENT OF COLONIAL STATEHOOD (ARCHIVAL SOURCE STUDY) addition, this fund is an important source of history for the to occasion until 1872. Researchers create that A.I. history of the country. Dobrosmyslov described the reality of the organization for a actual abrupt spot of time by its functioning component and chief I-69 fund is a branch of the Russian Imperial Geographic society, executive officer, N.F. Petrovsky’s. He explained Petrovsky’s the Turkestan branch. On May 20, 1896, the departure from Tashkent. a historian who has prepared a big Geographical Journal was opened by the Russian Empire. The examine on the history of precise societies in Turkestan. company began operations on November 28, 1897. This fund B.V.,Lunin too set up in his follow a line of investigation that It includes documents on the activities of the association from agrees with A.I.Dobrosmyslov [11, 88]. 1896 to 1927. There were 84 storage devices in total. Includes protocols, annual reports, documents, expeditions, various As for the behavior of the Society, its Charter states: surveys and maps [6, 9]. 1. The aim of the middle Asian civilization is to lessons Fund I-71 - Turkestan Amateur Archaeological circle Fund. The focal Asia as a whole. fund was created by law on October 19, 1895, and on October 31, 2. The humanity collects, analyzes and distributes in a 1985, the main documents on the Minister of Education and row on the history, geography, statistics, ethnography, Activities were approved. Contains: 1877-1921 in the meantime, real resources, trade and hard work of middle Asia. documents have been received. The fund includes reports on 3. To circulate in rank about principal Asia: (a) freely club meetings, national archaeological research, reports on club available reading. (b) be in touch in rank gathered activities, various correspondence and various historical studies. through letters to a number of logical societies. c) issue In total, the fund has 84 storage devices [7, 3]. this in rank in inhabitant newspapers, in its collections I-103 – Turkestan Agricultural fund. January 16, 1885 by order of and in the news. the Turkestan branch of the Russian Horticultural Society, the Secretary of State was approved. In 1895, the department was The institute has its concede museum, documents and archive transformed into the Turkmen Agricultural Association, and on [12, 3-12]. July 4, 1895, this charter was approved by the Minister of The at the outset convention of the civilization was Society took Agriculture and Property. The company continued until the coup in November, 1869. In it, Baron A.V. Kaulbars The details of on from 1917 to 1921.The fund stores the company's charter, letters his journey to the Tian Shan Mountains was heard. Also, G.A. of ownership of agriculture, minutes of meetings of the board of Kalpakowski's memorandum of old-fashioned finds in the directors and members of the board of directors, as well as southeastern fragment of Issyk-Kul is look at out. statements and reports on the activities of the company. The foundation includes many community letters, a list of community So, Alexander Stepanovich Tatarinov, the unique messenger of members, ratings and other documents. In total, 317 storage the general-governor of Turkestan, is the chairman of society, the devices are available [8, 22]. astronomer, the cartographer (later ambassador of the Russian Empire in Japan, the USA and the Netherlands) Kirill Vasilevich Fund I-361 – Tashkent branch of the Imperial Oriental Society. Stroeve - the vice-president. The chairman was the agent of the The fund included documentation on the activities of the agency of Finance in Turkestan (later ambassador of the Russian department, established 14, 1901, and included Empire in Kashgar, historian-orientalist) Nikolai Fedorovich information on the termination of the department by 1917. The Petrovsky - desk and treasurer. amongst the members of the main activity of the department was the organization and association were the lead of Zarafshan District, key broad- conduct of various lectures at membership meetings. There are spectrum A.K. Abramov, extraordinary detective of exceptional 13 storage devices in total. The fund includes the constituent farm duties under the martial regulator of the Ettisuv territory documents of the company, departmental institutions, (later branded as the historian-orientalist, ethnographer) N.A. departments of departments, annual reports and liaison with the Aristov, singular chief of the Governor-General's personnel Association for Oriental Studies and regional administrations on Brodowski, armed director of Syrdarya , chief common the study of the oriental language [9, 3]. N.N. Golovachev, start of the armed forces landscape I-591 Fund of the Central Asian Scientific Society. The company responsibility of Turkestan armed forces neighborhood (later was founded in 1869 by Governor General of Turkestan chairman of Turkestan of the Imperial Russian K.P.Kaufman. It was created by the governor. With the approval Geographical Society, infantry general) Jilinsky, Lieutenant- of Kaufman founded by a group of scientists led by General of the Turkestan armed region Staff, Lieutenant-Colonel A.P.Fedchenko, the mission of the society is to conduct a (later chief of Syrdarya region) N.I. Koralkov, an executive in comprehensive study of the country. The fund includes company control of the Governor-General, Orientalist A.L. Day, the membership protocols, information about them and scientific commander-in-chief of the 1st Turkestan search regiment (later reports. There was also a letter about the design of the program the armed Minister of the Russian Empire and shortly the and the community reading program. A total of 6 storage devices Governor-General of the Turkestan Region); Kuropatkin, out of are available [10, 1]. the ordinary diplomat of the Governor-General's Office, Editor- in-Chief of the "Turkestan Vedomosti", N.A Maev, armed forces These funds, in adjunct to cover the history of their delve into in commandant of Tashkent (later Lieutenant-General of the the country and their results, in addition embrace documents on martial administrator of Samarkand Region) V.Yu. Medinsky, the history of the enterprise of exact societies. The legitimate ID Colonel N.N. Raevsky, the infamous Russian scientist, biologist, and convention that govern the behavior of methodical societies geographer and tourist A.P. Fedchenko, key of the 9th Turkestan outline the odd jobs assigned to these societies by the significant Linear crowd (later the Ferghana martial Governor) and confined Russian authorities. The next is a instance analysis Tchaikovsky, government of Country Administration, S.A. Idarov, of numerous societies. Yu.D. Yuzhakov and others. The legislative body of the resident society were Mirzahakim Dodho, held Azimboy RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mukhammadboev and Hadji Yunusov. Numerous members of the Central Asian scientific society (also called Central Asian Society), population as well became members of other precise which was founded in 1869 in Tashkent by the Governor-General organizations and institutions that were presently reputable in of Turkestan K.P.Kaufman with go-ahead from the personal the country. In particular, a lot of them anon became members of history fashioned by a put together of scholars led by the Turkestan turn-off of the Imperial Russian Geographical A.P.Fedchenko, the foremost drive of the humanity was to Society [13, 25-27]. examine the country thoroughly. But this polite society nonstop

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SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES IN THE TURKESTAN GOVERNORATE-GENERAL AS AN INSTRUMENT OF COLONIAL STATEHOOD (ARCHIVAL SOURCE STUDY)

The aforementioned record of society members shows how for one year. The vice-chairman was reliable for convening the notable the regulation is to governance. elementary and get on and broad seminar of the circle, the treasurer was in foremost, scores of members of the head all-purpose are charge for the fiscal matters of the circle, and the desk reserved members of the society, mainly of whom run in the country in minutes of the lodge and universal encounter meetings [17, 3]. adding to the martial or diplomatic field. In addition, it was a consistent promise of circle to dole out the benefit of the Party of opus of the sphere From 1895 until the termination of its ceremony beyond science. endeavor (1917) the vice-chairman By N.P. Ostroumov. Under the teaching and management of the circle, scores of One of the societies that was produced for archeological examine archeological monuments in Turkestan governorship and of the history of fundamental Asia and adjacent , and adjacent territories are explored and quite a lot of new findings was one of the mainly generally calculated societies in the history are introduced into precise circulation. even if the actions of this of the country. enclose were not approved out mentally by its amateur V.V. Bartold actively participated in the method of the circle. members, the fallout of the club actions presently laid the According to Bartold, during his endorsed go to see to the foundation for the expansion of archeology of chief Asia and the Turkestan sphere of the Russian Imperial the public of biological history of history. Sciences, Anthropology and Ethnography on December 11, 1893, the gush of establishing a go around of archeological amateurs in The Imperial Russian Geographical Society, in service under the the governorship was raised. In this regard, V.V. Bartold and The Turkestan governorship, is the Turkestan bough of I-69. It is annotations completed by N.P. Ostroumovs are a sultry subject attraction mentioning the history and actions of the Turkestan matter for discussion. During the congregation it was division of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. As it was unequivocal to sort out an archeological club in Tashkent. rapidly mentioned above, Turkestan governor-general will start a figure a assignment to fashion a encircle will be developed, and the of controlled societies and institutions. However, the setting up presentation will begin. logical by the scholars, educators and of the Turkestan arm of the Imperial Russian Geographical direction officials functioning in Turkestan in cooperation with societies (IRGS) will assume location moderately soon. next the scholars in Saint-Petersburg. challenge of a set of scholars in the 90s, the martial manager of Samarkand region, replacement universal N.Ya.Rostovtsev, As a result, the surround of archeological lovers of Turkestan was afterward governor-general of Turkestan industrialist conventional on October 19, 1895 by the Supreme bid (Emperor A.B.Vrevsky raises the emerge and communicate with the IRGS of Russia Nicholas II– A.N.). The charter of the revolve was executive on the matter [18, 136]. Specifically, at the chance of agreed by the Minister of communal edification of the Russian the department, a well-known scholar, the followed by vice- Empire on October 31, 1895. This management consists of 21 chairman of the IRGS, P.P. Semyonov-Tyanshansky played a points, according to which the sphere leisure interest consists of: awful role. The scientist quite ropes the appreciation of opening a domain in Turkestan, realizing the eclectic and varied series of a) Revise of early monuments located in the territory of methodical odd jobs facing the IRGS. Through his actions, Turkestan; correspondence with the department of inside dealings and the b) To lug out their class and chart of the archeological department of Finance of the Russian Empire was opened to chart of the country frank a fork of the guild in Turkestan. The action, which began in c) Fortification of archeological sites; November 1895, useless with the adoption of credentials that d) Moving out archeological excavations; served as the above-board origin of citizens in a year. e) The handing out of narrow archeological resources for publication. The league began its goings-on on May 20, 1896 by the certitude of the ceremony board of the Russian Empire. Its charter was Nevertheless, the club has researched the history of the district accepted by the Interior Minister on December 26, 1896. The not lone archeologically but plus in ethnological, linguistic, behavior of the upper crust began on February 28, 1897. This epigraphic, informant studies and other areas. In count to citizens was fashioned for the determination of geographical archaeological research, the members of the cluster conceded out revision and gathering of methodical in rank in Turkestan and mediavistic, genealogical, numismatic and other studies. close [19, 144]. The originally reunion of the culture will be in custody at the native soil of its Honorary Chairman According to the aforementioned Charter, the honorary chairman magnate Alexander Vrevsky, Governor-General of Turkestan [20, of the set was the governor-general of the country. The fly in a 11]. circle was comprised of upright and honest members as perfectly as staff [14, 2]. This society was founded by the country's principal officials and researchers, as well as the then-Governor common of the At the time of the circle's formation, the honorary chairman was country, A.B. Vrevsky, Vice-Chancellor of the Imperial Russian the governor-general of the baron A.B. Vrevsky. The founders of Geographical the populace P.P. Semyonov-Tyanshansky, director the club were K.V. Aristov, V.V. Bartold, S.M. Gramenitsky, N.L. of the primarily Tashkent Women's Gymnasium, entomologist Zeland, F.M. Kerensky, N.S. Likoshin, V.P. Nalivkin, D.V. Nazarov, and tourist V.F. Oshanin, ambassador of the Russian Empire in V.F. Oshanin, N.P. Ostroumov, V.O. Preobrajensky et al [15, 38a]. Kashgar N.F. Petrovsky, editor of the newspaper "Turkestanskie vedemosti" Romanovich, the chief of armed geography territory The founders of the set and its members were scholars and of Turkestan armed forces district, broad-spectrum S.I. Jilinsky legislative body of education, higher-ranking officials and forces (later chairman of the society) and others [21, 9]. Plus the public in Turkey. The troupe was connected by not individual was offered by the forces regulator of Syrdarya region, substitute researchers from the country, but besides researchers from the all-purpose N.I. Korolkov, standby broad armed forces ruler of focal of the Russian Empire. Samarkand section N.Ya, Rostovtsev, exceptional characteristic of The group has been in make contact with with chief historians the Governor-General's agency Borodovskiy, legislative body of functioning in St. Petersburg and Moscow throughout its the regional management Yu.D. Yuzhakov, S.M. Idarov and others activities. level the notion of creating this circumnavigate is were besides members. firstly in 1897 in attendance were 78 recognized by the well-known Peterborough scientist by V.V. members in the society. The figure of members of the association Bartold's initiative and effort [16, 38 б]. diverse over the years, from 104 in 1903 to 53 in 1912. the populace operated after 1917 not like other controlled From amid the members of the crowd were nominated a institutions presented in the country. governing body, consisting of the Vice-Chair, desk and Treasurer,

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According to the charter of the aforementioned society, the Academician V.V. Bartold willingly took part in the discussion of organization was to assist the Imperial Russian Geographical this issue. association in the revision of the territories of the governor- general of Turkestan. To carry out these tasks, according to prof. Bartold, it is necessary for all those going on an excursion or expedition to According to the charter, the institute was under the shortest supply a program for the production of such a study. restrict of the head broad-spectrum of Turkestan, and the broad review of the Turkestan governorship and adjacent territories The members of the board reacted with great attention to the was required. The key explore of the the public was accepted out proposals of V.V. Bartold and made a number of proposals that in the develop of geography, history, ethnography and arithmetic could contribute to the successful solution of these problems. In studies of the country. In the process, the division had to classify particular, it was decided to draw up an ethnographic map of diverse expeditions, be obsessed with the free materials, and Turkestan with the help of a number of persons. assist any character in the area. Between 1897 and 1917, the the It was supposed to entrust the compilation of a map for the population systematic 42 precise expeditions. During this time, Khojent and Jizzakh to M.S. Andreev, in the Tashkent other than 150 methodical reports, gossip and communication district, N.G. Mullitsky, in Samarkand and Katta-Kurgan - V.A. were heard at the meetings of the society[22, 353-367]. The the Vyatkin, according to Ferghana - P.E. Kuznetsov in Aulietinsky world besides looked-for to hoard and stockroom books, and Pishpek I.V. Andreev. To study the waqf documents, manuscripts, maps, and assist the citizen museum. it was decided to attract such experts in local languages as M.S. Among the expeditions of Imperial Russian Geographical Andreev, P.E. Kuznetsov, I.V. and G.V. Andreevs. In addition, it societies, it is impossible not to mention the expeditions was decided to enter into close contact with a circle of undertaken for the purpose of ethnographic research. The study archeology lovers. of Turkestan in ethnographic terms was one of the main tasks of Something has been done to implement these guidelines. Imperial Russian Geographical societies, formulated in the M.S.Andreev pretty quickly finished compiling an ethnographic regulations on it. To accomplish this task, the Imperial Russian map of Jizzakh N.G. Mullitsky also carried out part of the Geographical societies board assisted ethnographic research by work entrusted to him — he drew up an ethnographic map of organizing an expedition, publishing the most interesting works, Tashkent district and detailed historical references to it. and setting up reports at general meetings. Unfortunately, the work on resolving these scientifically The members of Imperial Russian Geographical societies were important tasks has not been completed. This is irrelevant, the engaged in ethnography issues: N.G. Mallitsky, N.F. Sitnyakovsky, work of Imperial Russian Geographical societies on compiling an N.A. Bendersky, A.A., Divaev P.E. Kuznetsov and some others. In ethnographic map and studying the Tajik population was a Izvestia Imperial Russian Geographical societies we find a whole valuable contribution to ethnography and, to some extent, helped series of ethnographic works of these individuals. A.A. Divaev to clarify some issues of ethnogenesis of the Tajik and Uzbek published “Kyrgyz Lullaby.” N.G. Mullitsky “Sartovsky song”, N.F. peoples. Sitnyakovsky - tables of the Kyrgyz clans of the Ferghana region and the genealogical table of the Uzbek clan Kungrad, N.A. Even if humanity has completed a horrible split of exploration Bendersky compiled an ethnographic map of Turkestan. Most of into the history and geography of the country, its chronological these works were created on the basis of materials collected in and geographical explore has not nonetheless been considered as conjunction with the implementation of other studies, and not as a holistic chronological study. In this regard, it is significant to a result of special ethnographic expeditions. lessons the furnish shimmering the behavior of the polite society in which the National Archive of Uzbekistan. P.E. Kuznetsov established that about 55 thousand people lived in Kokand county at that time. He counted 46 Tajik , the A new such establishment is the Tashkent department of the largest of which were Sokh, Vorukh, Isfara Chorkuh and others. Imperial Oriental Society. The region operated in the country He managed to record several Tajik fairy tales and songs, collect from 1901 to 1917 and missing an ineffaceable smudge on the valuable ethnographic and economic data. report of Oriental studies of chief Asia and adjacent territories. Research was carried out according to the following program: The well-known historian B.V. Lunin notes: “The destiny of the Tashkent subdivision of the Oriental Studies guild is analogous to 1. The number of settlements, their name, number of that of other Turkestan societies. Before taking into account the population. behavior of the Tashkent part of the Society, it is required to pat 2. Origin and sights of villages. on the common history of the innermost governing of 3. The nature of Tajik areas. Occupation of the population. the Society” [23, 126]. 4. The material and moral condition of the population. The Imperial Oriental Studies culture was recognized on 5. Question from the Turkization of Tajiks. February 29, 1900, at the initiative of the department of Finance 6. Archaeological associated observations. of the Russian Empire. The inner governing lion's share of the 7. Parallel between the Tajik settlements of Kokand polite society is located in St. Petersburg. The central function of

the high society is to paste perfect and perfect in sequence about county, on the one hand, and the same settlements of Tashkent Russia along with the peoples of the East, and to accustom and Namangan counties, with the other. It should be noted that Russian the populace with the stuff requests and spiritual days of the indicated expeditions of Kuznetsov were carried out in a the East. Also, the culture was thought to fetch Russia earlier to single plan and represented separate stages in the study of one the countries of the East and to befit a agency of dispersion problem. All this testifies to the steady interest of the researcher Russian philosophy in the midst of the peoples of the East. in ethnography and, in particular, in the issue of the origin of the Tajik people and the geography of its settlement. For this resolve the civilization procedure to run in Russia and abroad. To accomplish this goal, the culture had to execute the In June 1916, at one of the meeting of the board of Imperial next farm duties determined out in its Charter: Russian Geographical societies was attended by Academician V.V.

Barthold taking advantage of the presence of the largest expert a) Exploring the Eastern peoples in the cost-effective and on the history of Turkestan, N.G. Mullitsky suggested discussing trade conditions, by completely means, more than ever the tasks of Imperial Russian Geographical societies regarding in the import and retailing of Russian cargo in their the study of historical geography and ethnography of the region. markets;

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b) Association of brief exhibitions and everlasting gymnasium), N.G. Mallitsky (teacher of the men's gymnasium) museums in Russia and the East, acquaintance with and others. It is of note that the gap of the divide up was attended mutual trade, relaxed wealth and lifestyles; by a overweight quantity of council of the trade and hard work c) To arrange periodic meetings of members to switch sector in use in the country. government and heads of a number over views on Oriental studies; of firms, banks, trading houses, departments, participated in this d) To analyze the cultures and money-making importance meeting. At the meeting, rule officials, academics and selling of the innumerable Eastern nations, and to control legislative body supported the lucky break of the Tashkent lectures on Oriental languages and Oriental studies in chapter. This was reported by the Governor-General of the send for to obtain faster to them. distinct mind be country notified N.K.Shvedov by dispatch of April 25, supposed to be remunerated to the issues of 1901[27,15]. In a comeback correspondence out-of-date May 29, anthropology, history, belief and lifestyle; 1901, the Chairman of the Society, N.K. Shvedov was e) To bring in the Eastern peoples through publications knowledgeable that the notch of the Tashkent section was and publications on the Russian outlook, customs and accepted by the agency of Finance, and that the record of alleged traditions of the Eastern languages through its members close to the communication of the governor-general members and departments; had been confirmed [28, 16]. f) To broadcast or assist in the newspaper of Russian- language machinery in a range of fields of oriental CONCLUSION studies. moreover gratifying for such job by choice; Based on the aforementioned data, it is principal to remark that g) Book of minutes of meetings, information of the the systematic societies and organizations in service in meetings, information on the actions of the concert Turkestan are diverse and multifaceted. They were shaped for party and fiscal information; dual purpose, and intellectuals in the Russian presidency or h) Be inflicted with a mass collecting in rank on the civilian institutions in the country, and researchers in the geography and sphere of the Eastern countries; municipal area, had simply exact goals and achieved it. On the i) Gateway of libraries and classrooms; other hand, regional administrations, municipal officials, and the j) Association of expeditions to changed countries to forces commonly supposed that Turkistan as a event of these scrutinize the requests and taboos of the inhabitants of societies would presently integrate the Russian Empire into the the Eastern countries, as highly as the official of the magnificence system, defend it as an central measurement of the trade industriousness of the East, to facilitate the empire, and facilitate the native peoples to happen to loyal rummage sale of Russian property in the East, as and citizens of the empire. once necessary [24, 3]. In addition, the martial and politicians of the Russian Empire viewed these societies as a mace that would allow the empire to Its be successful was managed by its board. in attendance are 3 invade the become conversant with in the future. In succession to subdivisions under the Council, which give made cooperative do the systematic population in the happiness of the Russian spirit work. state, they would at the outset be led by higher-ranking officials in the country or in the metropolis, who would anon be 1) Sphere of retail and Industry. His duties were to learn nominated as the control of the polite society (chairman, etc.). In and learning the money-spinning and mercantile addition, the scrutiny of the concerto of members of societies in mechanized proviso of the Oriental peoples, to search the country shows that the largest part of the members were for Russian freight in the European far-flung East to the armed forces and civil servants in the country to open the extreme East, as splendidly as to arrange warehouses, behavior of these societies and to facilitate governance. museums and exhibitions. 2) Logical and cultural department. The idea of this divide Also, as mentioned above, innumerable documents (charter, is to initiate the east to Russia, and the systematic and decree, decree, etc.) adaptable the behavior of these societies, in cultural presentation of Russia to the east. several luggage exactly and now and again indirectly, delimit the 3) teaching department. The intent of this split is to cook odd jobs that societies duty carry out for the following purposes Russian scholars for the East (in the potential Oriental and happiness of the Russian Empire. Studies Institute) and to set up Russian-language The systematic societies in service under the governorship of marketable schools in the Orient. Turkestan in countless ways, in unusual ways, fulfilled the opinionated household tasks solid by the municipal and With its innermost governing bulk in St. Petersburg, the world inhabitant authorities. But loads of of them, by their accept name, and consists of its divisions. Initially, the theater group carry out achieved momentous successes in science. In procedure to amenable kindling in Moscow, , particular, members of this league exhibit ready countless Kazan, Astrakhan, Tiflis, Yerevan, Baku, Tashkent, Bukhara and discoveries for science as the original researchers to cram the Ashgabat, as rise as Warsaw, Lodzi and Odessa. nature, geography, history and ethos of the country. Chairman of the upper classes Major-General Nikolai Konstantinovich Shvedov formerly congeal up the Tashkent REFERENCES diverge on October 18, 1900, the Governor-General of Turkestan 1. Saidboboev Z. Historical and cartographic data on Central to S.M. Dukhovskoy [25, 1-2], N.A. after his death. Appealed to Asia in (XVI - XIX centuries). — Tashkent: “Fan”, Ivanov March 12, 1904 [26, 6-7]. As a result, on April 14, 1901, a 2008.– p. 95. seminar of administrative and armed forces officials and 2. Lunin B.V. 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