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Scientific Societies in the Turkestan Governorate-General As an Instrument of Colonial Statehood (Archival Source Study)

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Scientific Societies in the Turkestan Governorate-General As an Instrument of Colonial Statehood (Archival Source Study) Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 7, 2020 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES IN THE TURKESTAN GOVERNORATE-GENERAL AS AN INSTRUMENT OF COLONIAL STATEHOOD (ARCHIVAL SOURCE STUDY) Azizbek Yokubjonovich Nazarov1 1PhD Student of Department “Source Studies and Archival Studies” of National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan. [email protected] Received: 18.02.2020 Revised: 13.03.2020 Accepted: 02.04.2020 Abstract This article is devoted to the study of archival documents, scientific societies and institutions of Turkestan, carried out its activity in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries, which are stored in the National Archive of Uzbekistan. The article provides information about their occurrence and activities. As well as a description of the archival holdings of these scientific societies and institutions Keywords: The Turkestan General-governorate, The Russian Empire, Scientific society, National Archive of Uzbekistan, Fund, Inventory, Business, Tashkent, K.P. von Kaufman, the Governor-General, Science. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.195 INTRODUCTION Tashkent Chemistry Laboratory (1870), " Tashkent Astronomical During the reign of the Russian Empire (1865–1917) at hand and Physical Observatory of the Office of Military Topography of were changes in the socio-political and economic life of the Turkestan Military District" (1873), " Turkestan People's Turkestan. In particular, these developments were interrelated Museum" (1880), "Turkestan Agriculture" (1885), Turkistan to science and education, and the imposing government tributary of Russian methodological group (1891), " Turkestan subordinated these areas to its resolve and sought after to make Amateur Archaeological circle” (1895), Imperial Russian certain its development. The ruling empire of the Russian Empire Geographical societies (1897), the Turkestan Medical Society strives to steadily review the country and its state of affairs in (1899) and Tashkent branch of the Imperial Oriental Society series to expansion bigger cost-effective payback from the newly (1901) [3, 344, 32-35] in use lands, to crush the locals, and to strengthen the empire statehood. These systematic societies were conventional in the country in distinct years, and several of them ceased to be in 1917-1918. The logical societies that were original conventional in Turkestan Accordingly far, these societies suffer been the subject of a territory (1865-1867) and in a while founded by Turkestan number of studies. The history of the exact societies and governor-general were reputable primarily as a earnings of institutions mentioned above has been in the draw attention to reproduction and intensification of Russian statehood in the of researchers for poles apart periods [4]. They essentially country. essential and resident imperial officials assumed that analyzed the consequences of the controlled behavior and exact the foremost objective of exact societies was to lock the welfare pursuits of these societies, and once in a blue moon analyzed the of Russian statehood. At the alike time, they deliberate to form a aims of their company and their behavior as a measures of loyal inhabitants for the empire by promoting Russian language majestic statehood. This in sequence is reflected in the archives and society between the narrow population. In addition, the bent as a findings of the behavior of these societies. A signal case Russian government's administrative processing was ardent to in point of this is B.V. Lunin sends the next memo from gain exact in a row about inner Asia as almost immediately as Lieutenant-General Matsievsky, chief officer of the Turkestan possible. The chief end of this was to hit upon out other about its armed forces district, to the Tashkent side of the Imperial underground and underground assets and to launch armed Oriental Society: forces operations in attendance [1, 95]. "Lieutenant-General... I was told to comprehend your machinery The historian B.V. Lunin states: “The modest research paper of and deduce you the following. Your Excellency agrees on every one Turkestan (especially the public structure, confined customs and of issues, but on the whole importantly, the installment is ignored. traditions, geography of the country, behavior of communication, polite society be supposed to schoolwork the East, not for the East, fossils and other effortless resources) impedes the imposing not uniform for science, but for the Russians (Turkestan peoples – administration's hard work to earn the newly acquired country A.N) to muddle up with Russia [5, 22]. economically impeded the exploitation." [2, 20]. It is significance noting that as a product of the behavior of these controlled An analysis of the archival collections, which contains the above societies, a lot of precise achievements suffer been complete in information, shows us the intention of these societies and the the inclusive report of the country. In other words, in the face of everyday jobs assigned to them by the imperial officials. the a number of goals of establishing societies, these societies cannot be underestimated as critical in the research paper of the MATERIAL AND METHODS country. Many documents on the activities of these scientific societies are stored in the National Archive of Uzbekistan (NAUz). In total, For the above purposes, the focal and resident officials of the there are 6 documents of scientific societies in National Archive Russian Empire locate up a quantity of logical societies and of Uzbekistan, In particular, the following: I-69, I-71, I-103, I-361, institutions as almost immediately as the Turkestan governor- I-591. general was established. In particular, in 1869 the chief the population in the country - the crucial Asian methodical They provide basic information on the activities of the above civilization was established, and anon the Turkestan branch of organizations and are an important source for the development the Amateur Society of Natural Sciences, Anthropology and of science and history in modern research in Turkestan. In Ethnography (1870), Turkestan General Library (1870), and Journal of critical reviews 1068 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES IN THE TURKESTAN GOVERNORATE-GENERAL AS AN INSTRUMENT OF COLONIAL STATEHOOD (ARCHIVAL SOURCE STUDY) addition, this fund is an important source of history for the to occasion until 1872. Researchers create that A.I. history of the country. Dobrosmyslov described the reality of the organization for a actual abrupt spot of time by its functioning component and chief I-69 fund is a branch of the Russian Imperial Geographic society, executive officer, N.F. Petrovsky’s. He explained Petrovsky’s the Turkestan branch. On May 20, 1896, the Russian Turkestan departure from Tashkent. a historian who has prepared a big Geographical Journal was opened by the Russian Empire. The examine on the history of precise societies in Turkestan. company began operations on November 28, 1897. This fund B.V.,Lunin too set up in his follow a line of investigation that It includes documents on the activities of the association from agrees with A.I.Dobrosmyslov [11, 88]. 1896 to 1927. There were 84 storage devices in total. Includes protocols, annual reports, documents, expeditions, various As for the behavior of the Society, its Charter states: surveys and maps [6, 9]. 1. The aim of the middle Asian civilization is to lessons Fund I-71 - Turkestan Amateur Archaeological circle Fund. The focal Asia as a whole. fund was created by law on October 19, 1895, and on October 31, 2. The humanity collects, analyzes and distributes in a 1985, the main documents on the Minister of Education and row on the history, geography, statistics, ethnography, Activities were approved. Contains: 1877-1921 in the meantime, real resources, trade and hard work of middle Asia. documents have been received. The fund includes reports on 3. To circulate in rank about principal Asia: (a) freely club meetings, national archaeological research, reports on club available reading. (b) be in touch in rank gathered activities, various correspondence and various historical studies. through letters to a number of logical societies. c) issue In total, the fund has 84 storage devices [7, 3]. this in rank in inhabitant newspapers, in its collections I-103 – Turkestan Agricultural fund. January 16, 1885 by order of and in the news. the Turkestan branch of the Russian Horticultural Society, the Secretary of State was approved. In 1895, the department was The institute has its concede museum, documents and archive transformed into the Turkmen Agricultural Association, and on [12, 3-12]. July 4, 1895, this charter was approved by the Minister of The at the outset convention of the civilization was Society took Agriculture and Property. The company continued until the coup in November, 1869. In it, Baron A.V. Kaulbars The details of on from 1917 to 1921.The fund stores the company's charter, letters his journey to the Tian Shan Mountains was heard. Also, G.A. of ownership of agriculture, minutes of meetings of the board of Kalpakowski's memorandum of old-fashioned finds in the directors and members of the board of directors, as well as southeastern fragment of Issyk-Kul is look at out. statements and reports on the activities of the company. The foundation includes many community letters, a list of community So, Alexander Stepanovich Tatarinov,
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