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PENGARUH PENGAYAAN Artemia Sp. DENGAN SUMBER DHA YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP SINTASAN LARVA LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus Homarus)

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PENGARUH PENGAYAAN Artemia Sp. DENGAN SUMBER DHA YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP SINTASAN LARVA LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus Homarus) doi: 10.15578/ma.16.1.2021.21-31 Media Akuakultur, 16 (1), 2021, 21-31 Tersedia online di: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ma PENGARUH PENGAYAAN Artemia sp. DENGAN SUMBER DHA YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP SINTASAN LARVA LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) Zeny Widiastuti#, Fahruddin, dan I Gusti Ngurah Permana Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan Jl. Singaraja - Gilimanuk, Banjar Dinas Gondol, Penyabangan, Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali 81155 (Naskah diterima: 5 April 2021; Revisi final: 10 Juni 2021; Disetujui publikasi: 10 Juni 2021) ABSTRAK Kegiatan pembenihan lobster masih dikembangkan di Indonesia. Sintasan yang rendah dan pakan yang sesuai masih menjadi masalah utama dalam kegiatan pembenihan lobster. Artemia sebagai pakan utama diduga belum mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi larva lobster. Upaya pemberian bahan pengaya sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan nutrisi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sintasan larva lobster. Pemberian bahan pengaya yang mengandung asam lemak dokosa heksanoid acid (DHA) ke Artemia dianggap penting bagi pertumbuhan dan sintasan pada krustasea. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui performa larva lobster berdasarkan tingkat sintasan maupun perkembangan larva dengan pemberian pakan artemia yang diperkaya dengan DHA. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi Artemia yang baru menetas (A), Artemia yang diperkaya dengan plankton Isochrysis galbana strain Tahiti konsentrasi (1-1,5 x 106 sel/mL) (B), DHA selco dosis 0,6 g/ L (C), dan Artemia inkubasi 18 jam tanpa pengayaan (D). Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan pada bak 100 L dengan sistem air stagnan. Perkembangan larva yang mampu dicapai pada semua perlakuan adalah stadia- IIIa. Pemberian Artemia yang diperkaya dengan DHA selco menunjukkan hasil sintasan yang lebih baik pada pemeliharaan enam hari pertama namun tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan. Pada masa pemeliharaan sampai 20 hari terjadi penurunan sintasan (SR) mencapai hanya 1%. Hal ini disebabkan adanya bakteri dan protozoa seperti jenis protozoa Zoothamnium sp. dan bakteri berfilamen teramati menempel pada tubuh larva sehingga mengganggu pergerakan dan kemampuan larva dalam menangkap mangsa. Berdasarkan penelitian ini maka penggunaan pakan Artemia yang diperkaya DHA Selco dapat menjadi alternatif pakan larva lobster namun tetap diperlukan kontrol kualitas air yang baik. KATA KUNCI: Artemia; DHA selco; Isochrysis; phyllosoma ABSTRACT: The effects of different sources of DHA-enriched Artemia sp. on survival rate of spiny lobster, (Panulirus homarus) larvae. By: Zeny Widiastuti, Fahruddin, and I Gusti Ngurah Permana Efforts to culture spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus larvae are still being developed in Indonesia. One of the main challenges in lobster hatcheries is to find an appropriate feed and improving larval survival. Artemia has been used as the main feed and considered to have insufficient nutritional ingredient for lobster larvae. Enrichment of feed to improve its nutrient contents is expected to increase the larval survival. DHA- enriched feed is considered essential for growth and survival of crustaceans. The aim of this study was to determine the survival and development of larvae fed with DHA-enriched Artemia. The treatments consisted of newly hatched Artemia (A), enriched Artemia with phytoplankton, Isochrysis galbana strain Tahiti at a density of 1-1.5 x 106 cells/mL (B), enriched Artemia with DHA selco at a dose of 0.6 g/L (C), and Artemia incubated for 18 hours without DHA enrichment (D). Each Artemia enrichment was performed for 18 hours. Larval rearing was carried out in a 00 L tank with static water system. The achieved larval developmental stage in all treatments was stage-IIIa. Administration of enriched Artemia with DHA selco # Korespondensi: Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan. Jl. Singaraja - Gilimanuk, Banjar Dinas Gondol, Penyabangan, Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali 81155, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Copyright @ 2021, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460 21 Pengaruh pengayaan Artemia sp. dengan sumber DHA ..... (Zeny Widiastuti) showed a better larval survival during the first six days of larval rearing. But, it did not give any significant effect. The survival was then decreased to only 1% on day-20. This was due to the presence of bacteria and protozoa which decreased water quality. Protozoa Zoothamnium sp. and filamentous bacteria were observed attaching to the body of the larvae, disrupting the movement and ability of larvae in capturing prey. Based on this research, the use of Artemia enriched with DHA selco as an alternative for lobster larvae feed, but better water quality control is still needed. KEYWORDS: Artemia; DHA selco; Isochrysis; phyllosoma PENDAHULUAN Larva lobster memiliki lima tingkatan stadia. Lobster merupakan krustasea yang harganya mahal Penanda paling mudah untuk menentukan stadia larva adalah dengan menghitung bulu (setae) pada periopod dibandingkan jenis udang-udangan yang lainnya. Menu lobster jarang ditemukan diwarung makan biasa. (kaki renang) ke-1 dan 2. Pada stadia-I, jumlah setae Hidangan ini lebih banyak dijumpai di restoran mewah. pada periopod ke-1 dan 2 berjumlah lima pasang. Permintaan lobster tidak hanya untuk memenuhi pasar Jumlah setae terus bertambah dengan meningkatnya dalam negeri namun juga pasar luar negeri dengan stadia. Jumlahnya berturut-turut adalah sebagai nilai yang cukup menjanjikan. Harga jual per kilogram berikut: stadia-II jumlah enam pasang, stadia-IIIa lobster pada size 500 g untuk lobster mutiara P. sebanyak tujuh pasang, stadia-IIIb sebanyak delapan ornatus Rp900.000,00; lobster bambu Rp750.000,00; pasang, stadia-IVa sebanyak sembilan pasang, Stadia- lobster batik Rp800.000,00; dan lobster pasir sebesar IVb sebanyak 10 pasang, stadia-IVc sebanyak 11 pasang, Rp700.000,00 (Elvantra, 2021). Besarnya permintaan stadia-IVd sebanyak 12 pasang; dan stadia-V sebanyak pasar mengakibatkan tingginya penangkapan lobster 13 pasang (Abrunhosa et al., 2008). di alam dan dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan Abrunhosa et al. (2008) juga menyebutkan bahwa penangkapan berlebih (over fishing). Salah satu upaya larva lobster (P. echinatus) yang diberikan pakan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pasar dan mengurangi Artemia dan gonad kerang mampu melewati fase kegiatan penangkapan adalah dengan melakukan usaha moulting delapan kali. Di Indonesia, dilaporkan upaya pembudidayaan lobster. pembenihan lobster pernah dilakukan dengan Kegiatan pembudidayaan lobster di Indonesia di pemberian kombinasi jenis pakan dari Chaetoceros mulai pada awal tahun 2000-an di Pulau Lombok. sp., Tetraselmis sp., dan Artemia salina. Pada Industri akuakultur di sana mengembangkan teknik pemeliharaan tersebut larva mampu melewati stadia- sendiri untuk menangkap puerulus atau lebih dikenal IIIa dengan waktu pemeliharaan 27 hari (Junaidi et al., benih bening lobster (BBL) dan kemudian 2011). Vijayakumaran et al. (2014) juga menggunakan menumbuhkannya hingga ukuran yang dapat dipasarkan Artemia yang baru menetas sebagai pakan utama dalam (Priyambodo et al., 2015; Priyambodo et al., 2020). pemeliharaan larva lobster. Ketika larva memasuki Selain di Pulau Lombok, budidaya lobster di Indone- stadia-III diberikan Artemia yang baru menetas dan sia juga sudah dilakukan di Aceh, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Artemia umur 2-3 hari dengan pakan campuran dan Sulawesi Selatan (Mustafa, 2013). Namun sampai fitoplankton. saat ini kegiatan budidaya lobster masih mengandalkan Pemberian pakan Artemia saja dalam pemeliharaan benih hasil tangkapan alam karena benih hasil dari jangka panjang mengakibatkan menurunnya sintasan budidaya belum berhasil dikembangkan. Salah satu larva dan sulit untuk mencapai perkembangan stadia kendala dalam pembenihan lobster adalah belum berikutnya. Spesies Artemia yang tersedia secara diketahuinya secara pasti jenis pakan dan teknologi komersil memiliki profil nutrisi yang kurang optimal pemeliharaan yang sesuai. Selain itu, waktu yang karena memberikan sedikit sumber asam lemak dibutuhkan pada stadia phyllosoma yang merupakan esensial rantai panjang (Matsuda et al., 2009). Karena sebutan bagi larva lobster hingga berubah menjadi asam lemak dapat menjadi cadangan energi yang sangat BBL membutuhkan waktu lama. Stadia planktonik lob- penting dalam keberhasilan perkembangan dan ster mutiara P. ornatus berkisar 4-6 bulan (Ikeda et metamorfosis larva lobster (Conland et al., 2014). al., 2011). Sedangkan stadia larva jenis P. argus Artemia dapat diperkaya sebagai salah satu upaya membutuhkan waktu 4,5-8 bulan (Goldstein et al., meningkatkan profil nutrisinya sehingga menjadi 2008). Durasi stadia larva planktonik yang cukup lama pakan berkualitas tinggi yang diperlukan dalam menyebabkan sampai saat ini belum ada usaha perkembangan larva (Matsuda et al., 2009). Oleh pembenihan lobster yang berhasil memenuhi karena itu, pada penelitian ini diujicobakan dua jenis kebutuhan usaha budidaya. bahan pengaya untuk meningkatkan kandungan asam 22 Copyright @ 2021, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460 Media Akuakultur, 16 (1), 2021, 21-31 lemak pada Artemia yaitu DHA selco dan Isochrysis ini bertujuan agar larva yang menetas dalam kondisi galbana strain Tahiti. Penggunaan bahan-bahan bersih dan kualitas air terjaga dari sisa pakan. Seleksi tersebut didasarkan pada Vijayakumaran et al. (2014) larva dilakukan dengan memisahkan larva yang aktif yang menyebutkan beberapa bahan pengaya alternatif berenang di permukaan. Sementara larva yang yaitu shark liver oil, minyak cumi, cod liver oil, dan mengendap di dasar
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