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Economic Role of the Roman Army in the Province of Lower Moesia (Moesia Inferior) INSTITUTE of EUROPEAN CULTURE ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY in POZNAŃ
Economic role of the Roman army in the province of Lower Moesia (Moesia Inferior) INSTITUTE OF EUROPEAN CULTURE ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY IN POZNAŃ ACTA HUMANISTICA GNESNENSIA VOL. XVI ECONOMIC ROLE OF THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE PROVINCE OF LOWER MOESIA (MOESIA INFERIOR) Michał Duch This books takes a comprehensive look at the Roman army as a factor which prompted substantial changes and economic transformations in the province of Lower Moesia, discussing its impact on the development of particular branches of the economy. The volume comprises five chapters. Chapter One, entitled “Before Lower Moesia: A Political and Economic Outline” consti- tutes an introduction which presents the economic circumstances in the region prior to Roman conquest. In Chapter Two, entitled “Garrison of the Lower Moesia and the Scale of Militarization”, the author estimates the size of the garrison in the province and analyzes the influence that the military presence had on the demography of Lower Moesia. The following chapter – “Monetization” – is concerned with the financial standing of the Roman soldiery and their contri- bution to the monetization of the province. Chapter Four, “Construction”, addresses construction undertakings on which the army embarked and the outcomes it produced, such as urbanization of the province, sustained security and order (as envisaged by the Romans), expansion of the economic market and exploitation of the province’s natural resources. In the final chapter, entitled “Military Logistics and the Local Market”, the narrative focuses on selected aspects of agriculture, crafts and, to a slightly lesser extent, on trade and services. The book demonstrates how the Roman army, seeking to meet its provisioning needs, participated in and contributed to the functioning of these industries. -
FL. MATEI-POPESCU Cu Corecturi.Indd
https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Florian Matei-Popescu THE ROMAN ARMY IN MOESIA INFERIOR https://biblioteca-digitala.ro “VASILE PÂRVAN” INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ROMANIAN HISTORY THE CENTRE FOR ROMAN MILITARY STUDIES 7 Series editors: OVIDIU ŢENTEA FLORIAN MATEI-POPESCU https://biblioteca-digitala.ro FLORIAN MATEI-POPESCU THE ROMAN ARMY IN MOESIA INFERIOR CONPHYS PUBLISHING HOUSE Bucharest, 2010 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Th is volume is printed in the framework of the STRATEG Project – PNCDI II, P4, 91 010/ 2007, fi nanced by the National Authority for Scientifi c Research (ANCS). General editors: Ovidiu Ţentea and Florian Matei-Popescu Cover design: Andrei Cîmpeanu © Florian Matei-Popescu & CRMS First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the publishers and editors. Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României MATEI-POPESCU, FLORIAN Th e Roman Army in Moesia Inferior Florian Matei-Popescu. – Bucureşti : Conphys, 2010 ISBN 978-973-750-177-6 Edited and printed by CONPHYS Romania, Râmnicu Vâlcea www.conphys.ro https://biblioteca-digitala.ro To Valentina and Ilinca https://biblioteca-digitala.ro https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Contents Foreword 9 Author’s preface 11 List of abbreviations 13 Introduction 19 I. Legio V Macedonica 35 1. Legion history prior the establishment of the province of Moesia Inferior 35 2. Legion history between 86 and 167 45 3. -
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Alexandru Madgearu The Province of Scythia and the Avaro-SIavic Invasions (576-626) As like as all the European provinces of the Roman Empire, Scythia suffered many Slavic, Kutrigur and Avar invasions. We should note here that Dobroudja was sometimes bypassed by these invasions, because the roads to Serdica, Philippopolis, Adrianopolis, Thessalonica and Constan tinople did not cross Scythia. The Slavs used also other ways when they attacked the Empire (the Iron Gates’ region, the sector between the mouths of the rivers Vit and lantra, the region of Durostorum)1. The period of barbarian invasions of the VIth Century could be divided in two parts. In the first one, dated in the first three quarters of the century, the invasions were scarce and did not cause major conse quences. In the second one, the attacks became more intensive and they had as a result the fall of the limes and the losing of the Danubian provinces. The second stage began in 574, when Avars gained the first victory over the Byzantine army. (The events occured in the western region of the Danubian limes)2. This moment means the arising of a new well-organized military power, which was able to fight in a long war and to achieve by treaties the military victories. The previous attacks (of the Kutrigurs and Slavs) were only common raids of pillage, not a clash between two military powers. After the beginning of the Avaro-Byzan- tine wars, the situation changed, because even the Slavs that continued 1. G. Cankova-Petkova, Etudes historiques (Sofia), 4, 1968, p. -
Leszek Mrozewicz (Gniezno)
STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 14/2016 ISSN 2082-5951 DOI 10.14746/seg.2016.14.18 Leszek Mrozewicz (Gniezno) W POSZUKIWANIU ROMANIZACJI... Colonisation and Romanization in Moesia Inferior. Premises of a contrastive approach, red. Lucre^iu Mihailescu-Birliba, Antiquitas III, Parthenon Verlag, Kaiserslautern-Mehlingen 2015, ss. 207 Wbrew tytułowi książka dotyczy nie tylko rzymskiej prowincji Mezji Dolnej (dzisiejsza północna Bułgaria i wschodnia Rumunia). Dwa artykuły (z dziewięciu) poświęcone są innym obszarom: Sardynii (A. Ibba, „Processi di «romanizzazio- ne» nella Sardinia repubblicana e alto-imperiale (III A.C. - II D.C.)”, s. 11-76) oraz Germanii Górnej (L. Mihailescu-Birliba, „Marchands et trafiquants en Germanie supérieure: origine et raisons de leur activité”, s. 185-198). W proble matyce pracy (romanizacja - kolonizacja) nie mieści się jeden tekst, chociaż geo graficznie tak (L. Mihailescu-Birliba, „The Economic Crisis in the Roman Province of Moesia Inferior (235-284 AD): The Record of Epigraphic Sources”, s. 199-207). Aż pięć artykułów wyszło spod pióra Lucrefiu Mihailescu-Birliby, co czyni go, mając na uwadze także redakcję tomu, absolutnym liderem: jest to niemalże jego książka autorska. Osadnictwem rzymskim (kolonizacją) w Mezji Dolnej L. Mihailescu-Birliba zajął się w trzech opracowaniach. Jako przykład posłużyły mu cztery ośrodki: Novae, Ulmetum, Carsium i Cius. W pierwszym przypadku mamy do czynienia z siedzibą legionu (I Italica) i prawdopodobnym m unicipium , w pozostałych z n a w sąsiedztwie oddziałów wojsk pomocniczych. Novae stanowi wdzięczny obiekt do badań zaprezentowanych przez Mihaile- scu-Birlibę („Notes prosopographiques sur la colonisation dans le milieu militaire et civil de Novae”, s. 77-92)1, ponieważ zainteresowani badacze mają do dyspozycji aż dwa korpusy inskrypcji: pierwszy obejmuje zabytki znalezione w trakcie wy 1 Por. -
Map 22 Moesia Inferior Compiled by A.G
Map 22 Moesia Inferior Compiled by A.G. Poulter, 1996 Introduction Reconstructing ancient topography and land-use in this region is exceedingly difficult. Although the courses of the Danube and its major left- and right-bank tributaries have changed little since antiquity, land reclamation and dredging to improve navigation along the Danube have substantially narrowed the river’s flow. They have also eliminated much of the marshland which existed between its channels and especially, but not exclusively, along its left bank. Here, the series of 1:200,000 maps produced by the Militärgeographische Institut (Vienna, 1940) has been used in preference to later cartography, since they provide a more reliable, if still tentative, guide to the landscape within the Danubian plain. Eastern Dacia and Scythia Minor are covered by TIR Romula (1969), which takes an optimistic view of the identification of ancient sites and roads. The western limit of Moesia Inferior is included in TIR Naissus (1976). Except for Poulter (1995), no recent detailed maps exist for settlement in the north Danubian plain, and none for northern Thrace. Two publications (Hoddinott 1975; Velkov 1977) remain the best authorities for Bulgaria from the classical to Late Roman periods. For Dacia (present day Romania), there is a useful and notably reliable source for military sites (Cătăniciu 1981), and another for civilian settlements (Tudor 1968). The Directory cites further bibliography for sites of exceptional importance where recent excavations have been carried out. It also registers uncertainty about the function of some sites (fort or settlement, for example). With notable exceptions (cf. Maddjarov 1990), the exact alignment of roads cannot be confidently determined. -
Milestones from Dobruja in the Collections of the Museum of National History and Archaeology Constanța
MILESTONES FROM DOBRUJA IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF NATIONAL HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY CONSTANȚA Maria BĂRBULESCU, Livia BUZOIANU, Zaharia COVACEF The pieces we are going to dwell upon in this study have been included rather recently in the patrimony of MINAC, either they have been discovered accidentally in the villages Cheia and Arsa (Constanța county), or they have been found in systematical diggings in Capidava; only one milestone, found in Mangalia, is inlcuded for a longer period into the collection of Constanța museum1. 1. Fragment of a lime milestone (inv. 43454), discovered in Cheia2. Sizes: h.= 0,48 m; d. = 0,25 m, letters height = 6‐7,2 cm (Fig. 1 a‐b). There are preserved partially the last three lines from the text, with letters evidently cut, but less accurate letters. On the first line, the last letter seems to be M, with short median hastae (there is poorly seen the left one in the digging)3. Few of preserved letters on the 1st line allow us to restore the legate’s name, of which we know the end of a cognomen in accusative, NVM, followed by a second cognomen beginning with M; this reading lead us to the following completion of the text: 1 Milestones in MINAC collection, including the present unpublished ones, have been recorded in order to includ them in CIL XVII, the chapter destined to Moesia Inferior; the study has been made in summer 2007, by a team led by prof. dr. Anne Kolb, from Zürich University, to whom we express our gratitude also on this occasion for the photos of the pieces 1 and 2. -
Mithras in Moesia Inferior
Acta Ant. Hung. 58, 2018, 243–262 DOI: 10.1556/068.2018.58.1–4.15 VALENTIN BOTTEZ MITHRAS IN MOESIA INFERIOR NEW DATA AND NEW PERSPECTIVES Summary: The paper starts by adding to the corpus of Mithraic monuments the recently (re)discovered monuments, from Carsium, Nicopolis ad Istrum, Tropaeum Traiani, Tomis and Capidava. In the second part it focuses on the differences and similitudes between the cults in Novae and Istros, by analysing Mithraism’s place in their respective communities. Key words: Mithraism, Moesia Inferior, Novae, Istros, community The present paper comes as a continuation of an article I published in 2006,1 and focuses on two issues. The first is updating the information on the different Mithraic communi- ties in the province by presenting the latest published additions to the Mithraic corpus and by adding two new monuments. The second issue is the place this cult had in the pantheon of the communities they developed in, by analysing the social status of the dedi- cants, the beginning of these cults, as well as the religious context in which they were em- bedded. As analysing all the Mithraic monuments in the province2 is beyond the scope of this article, I will focus on just two relevant case studies: the communities of Novae and Istros. RECENTLY AND NEWLY DISCOVERED MITHRAIC MONUMENTS3 Carsium (Hârşova, Tulcea County, Romania): a) Limestone altar4 (fig. 1) discovered in 1999 (H 0.32m; L 0.20m; T 0.16m). Height of letters 0.02m. Inv. 43452. End of 3rd – beginning of 4th c. AD. 1 BOTTEZ, V.: Quelques aspects du culte mithriaque en Mésie Inférieure. -
Vase De Sticlă De Epocă Romană Descoperite La Carsium (Ii)*
VASE DE STICLĂ DE EPOCĂ ROMANĂ DESCOPERITE LA CARSIUM (II)* DE COSTEL CHIRIAC Continuăm în acest număr al revistei nostre prezentarea unei serii de 10 fragmente vitrice care provin din săpăturile arheologice ce se desfăşoară de câţiva ani pe ruinele cetăţii romane Carsium (Hîrşova, jud. Constanţa) 1. Piesele arheologice în discuţie, deşi nu sunt nici pe departe spectaculoase sau rarităţi în domeniu, aduc un consi derabil aport ştiinţific în legătură cu progresul cunoaşterii acestui interesant şi adeseori neglijabil, pilon al romanităţii la Dunărea de Jos care a fost Carsium-ul în antichitate (PI. I, nr. 6)2. Fragmentele pe care le introducem acum în circuitul literaturii de specialitate au fost găsite, în cea mai mare parte, în cele două secţiuni arheologice, S 1 şi S 2, care se întretaie la mijlocul platoului calcaros pe care sunt situate, prin suprapunere, fortificaţiile: romană, bizantină şi otomană3. Cinci dintre cele 10 fragmente de vase de sticlă (nr. 1, 2, 5, 8 şi 10) provin din stratul de depuneri arheologice situat direct pe stânca de calcar şi aparţin deci, celei mai vechi faze de locuire a platoului „Cetăţii”, deşi ele nu au fost descoperite în complexe arheologice bine definite. Stratul cu pricina conţine, evi dent, materiale din epoca romană timpurie: ceramică, ţigle şi cărămizi fragmentare, obiecte de metal, monede, sticlărie etc. Acest strat, situat în medie la 1,80 m - 2 m adâncime, a fost totuşi deranjat în secolele III—IV de o mare acţiune de nivelare şi reconstrucţie (probabil sub Aurelian-Probus) activitate care a contribuit, de altfel, la distrugerea, parţială sau totală, a complexelor din epoca romană timpurie (secolele I—II)4 . -
The Roman Frontier in Dobrudja. Several Fortifications Not Excavated Or with Undetermined Planimetric Features
THE ROMAN FRONTIER IN DOBRUDJA. SEVERAL FORTIFICATIONS NOT EXCAVATED OR WITH UNDETERMINED PLANIMETRIC FEATURES Ioan C. OPRIȘ Abstract: Eight different fortifications of unequal size and strategic University of Bucharest importance are tackled in this contribution, namely the ones along the [email protected] Danube limes, starting at Seimenii Mari, Stânca Topalu - Cariera Cekirgea, Gârliciu - Cius, Luncavița - Milan, Isaccea - Noviodunum, Tulcea – Aegyssus, and Ovidiu ȚENTEA two more Late Roman quadriburgia, controlling the inner roads at Mihai Bravu National Museum of Romanian History [email protected] and Mircea Vodă. Excepting for Noviodunum and Aegyssus, none of the above mentioned limes forts was subject to thorough archaeological investigations Vlad CĂLINA which is why all of them entered lately into the scope of the Romanian LIMES National Museum of Romanian History National Programme. As a matter of fact, within the framework of the World [email protected] Heritage List nomination preparings, the entire Lower Danube Roman frontier became subject to detailed surveys and drone flight records (with orthographic and oblique shots) which were corroborated with all the information available so far in the archives. Therefore, a partialForschungsstand for all this intensive DOI: 10.14795/j.v7i4.582 research is presented in the following pages. Our approach is formally a holistic ISSN 2360 – 266X one, aiming at integrating and understanding the dynamics of both limes and interior communities, covering their communication mediums, landscape and ISSN–L 2360 – 266X resources. In this respect, new promising steps were also taken for identifying civitas Ausdecensium at Cetatea (commune of Dobromir, Constanța county), in southern Dobrudja. What we already know for sure is that in the 4th century the members of a prosperous habitation along the imperial road from Marcianopolis, running through Zaldapa, Tropaeum Traiani (possibly, Mircea Vodă) and Ulmetum, to Noviodunum peacefully dwelt within the area of the modern village. -
OBIECTIVE FORTIFICATE DIN ROMÂNIA Jud. Alba AB-F01
OBIECTIVE FORTIFICATE DIN ROMÂNIA Jud. Alba AB-F01 Cetatea Aiudului AB-F02 Cetatea Alba Iulia AB-F03 Cetatea de Baltă AB-F04 Căpâlna AB-F05 Cetatea Câlnic AB-F06 Cetatea ColŃeşti ColŃeşti AB-F07 Singidava (Cugir) AB-F08 Ighiu AB-F09 Războieni-Cetate AB-F10 Cetatea Sebeşului Sebeş AB-F11 StremŃ Jud. Arad AR-F01 Cetatea Arad AR-F02 Cetatea Ineului AR-F03 Cetatea Şiriei AR-F04 Cetatea Şoimoş AR-F05 Dezna Jud. Argeş AG-F01 Aninoasa AG-F02 Fâlfani AG-F03 Izbăşeşti AG-F04 Jidava (Schitu Goleşti) AG-F05 Negru Vodă AG-F06 Cetatea Poenari AG-F07 Purcăreni AG-F08 Rucăr AG-F09 Săpata de Jos AG-F10 Urlueni Jud. Bacău BC-F01 Curtea Domnească Bacău BC-F02 Tamasidava BC-F03 Utidava BC-F04 Zargidava Jud. Bihor BH-F01 Cetatea Biharia BH-F02 Cetatea Oradea BH-F03 Tileagd Jud. BistriŃa-Năsăud BN-F01 Cetatea BistriŃei BN-F02 Iliuşa BN-F03 Livezile BN-F04 Orheiu BistriŃei Jud. Botoşani BT-F01 Cetatea Stânceşti BT-F02 Mânăstirea Sfântul Nicolae PopăuŃi Jud. Braşov BV-F01 ApaŃa BV-F02 Bartholomeu BV-F03 BărcuŃ BV-F04 Beia BV-F05 Bod BV-F06 Cetatea Braşovia BV-F07 Buneşti BV-F08 CaŃa BV-F09 Cetatea de pe dealul Şprenghi BV-F10 CetăŃuia de pe Straja BV-F11 Cincşor Cincşor BV-F12 Cincu BV-F13 Cobor BV-F14 Codlea BV-F15 Cristian BV-F16 CriŃ BV-F17 Dacia BV-F18 Dopca BV-F19 Drăuşeni BV-F20 Cetatea Făgăraş BV-F21 Feldioara Feldioara BV-F22 Felmer BV-F23 Ghimbav BV-F24 Hălchiu BV-F25 Hărman BV-F26 Hoghiz Hoghiz BV-F27 Homorod BV-F28 Ioneşti BV-F29 Jibert BV-F30 Jimbor BV-F31 Măieruş BV-F32 Mercheaşa BV-F33 Meşendorf BV-F34 Prejmer BV-F35 Cetatea Râşnov BV-F36 Roadeş BV-F37 Rodbav BV-F38 Rotbav BV-F39 Cetatea Rupea BV-F40 Satu Nou BV-F41 Sânpetru BV-F42 Seliştat BV-F43 Şercaia BV-F44 Şoarş BV-F45 Ticuşu Vechi BV-F46 Toarcla BV-F47 Ungra BV-F48 Viscri BV-F49 Vulcan BV-F50 Şinca Veche Mun. -
371 Michał Duch
MICHAŁ DUCH, THE INTEGRATION PROCESS OF THE LOWER MOESIAN AREAS STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 ISSN 2082-5951 DOI 10.14746/seg.2017.16.18 Michał Duch (Gniezno) THE INTEGRATION PROCESS OF THE LOWER MOESIAN AREAS Abstract The objective of this article is to provide a short presentation of the integration process of the areas that formed Lower Moesia. The author aims to present select methods implemented by the Romans in order to place the discussed territories under their complete control. The main differences between the individual parts of Lower Moesia have also been indicated in the article, as well as the ways in which they mutually supplemented each other, ultimately composing a cohesive whole. Key words Lower Moesia, administration, civitas, territory, integration, municpium 371 STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 · ROME AND THE PROVINCES Rome1 used force to conquer an area that was part of Lower Moesia, similarly as it did with many other provinces2. This was no easy task as seizing control of the entire Lower Danube region took the Romans almost two centuries and required enormous military resources since the local population mounted fierce resistance. The beginnings of this struggle should be linked to the moment in which Gaius Scribonius Curio’s army arrived at the Danube, whereby a fierce battle ensued that lasted a few years (75-73 BC) against the Dardani and the Moesians (bellum Dardanicum)3. The end should be linked to the moment in which over the course of two war campaigns (AD 101-102; AD 105-106) Trajan ultimately destroyed the Dacian state ruled by Decebalus4. -
Cluj Conference Booklet English Version (1).Pdf
1 2 3 22th of June The Conference Hall of Victoria Hotel 14:00-20:00 Arrival and accomodation of the participants at Hotel Victoria. Registration of the participants in the Conference Hall of Victoria Hotel. 23th of June The Conference Hall of Victoria Hotel 9:00-10:00 Registration of the participants in the Conference Hall of Victoria Hotel. 10:00-10:30 Opening ceremony (Conference Hall of Victoria Hotel) 10:30-11:00 Keynote lecture 11:00-11:20 Coffee break 11:20-13:30 Panel I: Pottery workshops from Roman Dacia 13:30-15:00 Lunch (Hotel Victoria Restaurant) 15:00-17:00 Panel I: Pottery workshops from Roman Dacia 17:00-17:20 Coffee break 17:20-20:00 Panel I: Pottery workshops from Roman Dacia 20:00 Dinner (Hotel Victoria Restaurant) 4 24th of June The Conference Hall of Victoria Hotel 9:00-11:00 Panel II: Pottery workshops from Roman Dacia – specific/particular ceramic categories 11:00-11:20 Coffee break 11:20-13:30 Panel III: Pottery workshops from Dacia and Lower Moesia provinces – organization and specific/particular ceramic categories 13:30-15:00 Lunch (Hotel Victoria Restaurant) National Museum of History of Transylvania, the 1st floor of the main buiding 15:00-16:00 Guided tour in the temporary exhibition of National History Museum of Transylvania 16:00-16:40 Panel III: Pottery workshops from Lower Moesia – organization and specific/particular ceramic categories 16:40-17:00 Coffee break 17:00-18:00 Panel IV: Interprovincial relationships reflected by the pottery imports.