The Movement and Emplacement of the Legions and Auxiliary Units of The
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Legionary Philip Matyszak
LEGIONARY PHILIP MATYSZAK LEGIONARY The Roman Soldier’s (Unofficial) Manual With 92 illustrations To John Radford, Gunther Maser and the others from 5 Group, Mrewa. Contents Philip Matyszak has a doctorate in Roman history from St John’s College, I Joining the Roman Army 6 Oxford, and is the author of Chronicle of the Roman Republic, The Enemies of Rome, The Sons of Caesar, Ancient Rome on Five Denarii a Day and Ancient Athens on Five Drachmas a Day. He teaches an e-learning course in Ancient II The Prospective Recruit’s History for the Institute of Continuing Education at Cambridge University. Good Legion Guide 16 III Alternative Military Careers 33 HALF-TITLE Legionary’s dagger and sheath. Daggers are used for repairing tent cords, sorting out boot hobnails and general legionary maintenance, and consequently see much more use than a sword. IV Legionary Kit and Equipment 52 TITLE PAGE Trajan addresses troops after battle. A Roman general tries to be near the front lines in a fight so that he can personally comment afterwards on feats of heroism (or shirking). V Training, Discipline and Ranks 78 VI People Who Will Want to Kill You 94 First published in the United Kingdom in 2009 by Thames & Hudson Ltd, 181a High Holborn, London wc1v 7qx VII Life in Camp 115 First paperback edition published in 2018 Legionary © 2009 and 2018 Thames & Hudson Ltd, London VIII On Campaign 128 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording IX How to Storm a City 149 or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
Dacă Pentru Cetăţile Histria Şi Capidava S-Au Putut Aniversa 90 Şi
ULMETUM 2004 – DUPĂ 90 DE ANIX Zaharia COVACEF Dacă pentru cetăţile Histria şi Capidava s-au putut aniversa 90 şi, respectiv, 80 ani de cercetări arheologice neîntrerupte, pentru Ulmetum trebuie să evidenţiem reluarea de către noi a săpăturilor după 90 de ani de la încheierea lor, subliniind în acelaşi timp alegerea de către Pârvan a acestui sit. Vasile Pârvan a dorit să deschidă un şantier într-o cetate încă necercetată1, care să servească şi drept şantier-şcoală pentru tinerii arheologi. Pentru aceasta dorea un castru de graniţă fie din Oltenia, fie din Dobrogea. În urma perieghezelor făcute două astfel de centre i se păreau potrivite scopului urmărit: castrul de la Celei – Romanaţi, situat pe malul Dunării şi cel aflat în comuna Pantelimonul de Sus (astăzi com. Pantelimon), judeţul Constanţa. Ambele situri ofereau condiţii favorabile pentru a deveni şantiere-şcoală, şi – prin ştirile antice asupra lor – ridicau probleme interesante cu privire la viaţa daco-romană. Cetatea de la Celei stătea în legătură cu organizarea rurală desemnată într-o inscripţie territorium Sucidavense, iar cea de la Pantelimonul de Sus, cu o organizare analoagă, territorium Capidavense. A fost preferată cetatea de la Pantelimonul de Sus deoarece toate instrumentele şi materialul rulant necesare cercetării se aflau la Tropaeum Traiani, deci mai uşor (şi mai ieftin) de adus aici. Astfel că, după ce în primăvara anului 1911 a ridicat planul de situaţie al cetăţii şi a făcut intervenţiile necesare la autorităţile competente pentru trecerea întregului teritoriu ocupat de ruine şi a împrejurimilor lor imediate în proprietatea Muzeului Naţional de Antichităţi din Bucureşti2 (astăzi Institutul de Arheologie al Academiei), la sfârşitul lunii august a început săpăturile. -
Women in Criminal Trials in the Julio-Claudian Era
Women in Criminal Trials in the Julio-Claudian Era by Tracy Lynn Deline B.A., University of Saskatchewan, 1994 M.A., University of Saskatchewan, 2001 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Classics) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2009 © Tracy Lynn Deline, 2009 Abstract This study focuses on the intersection of three general areas: elite Roman women, criminal law, and Julio-Claudian politics. Chapter one provides background material on the literary and legal source material used in this study and considers the cases of Augustus’ daughter and granddaughter as a backdrop to the legal and political thinking that follows. The remainder of the dissertation is divided according to women’s roles in criminal trials. Chapter two, encompassing the largest body of evidence, addresses the role of women as defendants, and this chapter is split into three thematic parts that concentrate on charges of adultery, treason, and other crimes. A recurring question is whether the defendants were indicted for reasons specific to them or the indictments were meant to injure their male family members politically. Analysis of these cases reveals that most of the accused women suffered harm without the damage being shared by their male family members. Chapter three considers that a handful of powerful women also filled the role of prosecutor, a role technically denied to them under the law. Resourceful and powerful imperial women like Messalina and Agrippina found ways to use criminal accusations to remove political enemies. Chapter four investigates women in the role of witnesses in criminal trials. -
Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta
Proceedings of the British Academy, 86, 371-394 Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta VICTORINO GARCfA MARCOS & JULIO M. VIDAL ENCINAS Iunguntur iis Asturum XXII populi divisi in Augustanos et Transmontanos, Asturica urbe magnifica (..) (Pliny NH 3.28). OVERTHE LAST 10 YEARS, as the result of the delegation of the management of cultural affairs to the Autonomous Community of Castilla y Le6n, uninterrupted rescue excavations have taken place in the town of Astorga, Roman Asturica Augusta (Vidal 1986a and 1986b; Garcia and Vidal1990; Vidal et al. 1990, 259-63; Garcla and Vidal 1993; Tab. Imp. Rom. 1991, 27-9; Vidal 1993, 309-12; Fernhndez 1993, 227-31; Garcia 1994). At the same time, rescue excavations have also taken place at Le6n, although on a smaller scale, the camp of the Legio VI1 Gemina (Vidal 1986c; Miguel and Garcia 1993). A total of more than 50 building sites have been subject to archaeological investigation, ranging from simple watching briefs to more-frequent open-area excavations. In some cases the excavated remains have been preserved beneath newly constructed buildings and incorpor- ated into public spaces' (Figure 1). From all of this somewhat frenetic activity an enormous body of histori- cal information has been derived, which has still to be studied in depth? Nevertheless it allows a new picture to be presented of one of the least well-known of the towns of Roman Spain? Literary sources Asturica Augusta is mentioned in classical literature on a number of occasions. The earliest reference, cited at the beginning of this paper, is by Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79), procurator of the province of Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis at around AD 73, during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. -
Actas CONGRESO 7™ SESIO
XVIII CIAC: Centro y periferia en el Mundo Clásico / Centre and periphery in the ancient world S. 7. Las vías de comunicación en Grecia y Roma: rutas e infraestructuras Communication routes in Greece and Rome: routes and infrastructures Mérida. 2014: xxx-xxx HEADING WEST TO THE SEA FROM AUGUSTA EMERITA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD DATA AND THE ANTONINE ITINERARY Maria José de Almeida1, André Carneiro2 University of Lisbon1, University of Évora2 ABSTRACT The provincial capital of Lusitania plays a key role in the communications network of Hispania. The roads heading West were of great importance as they guaranteed a connection to the Atlantic Ocean and access to the maritime trade. The archaeological fieldwork that was undertaken in the region has enabled us to recognise direct and indirect evidence of these routes, presented here as a partial reconstitution of Lusitania’s road network. This cartography is confronted with the Antonine Itinerary description of these routes, highlighting numerous interpretation problems. The provincial capital of Roman Lusitania plays a unquestionably be identified with Santarém key role in the communications network of Hispania. (Portugal)6. The exact location of the remaining 14 Although its location on the major North-South route mansiones is still uncertain, despite ongoing and (Vía de la Plata) is well known and has been studied, vibrant discussions among scholars. the roads heading West were equally important, since Another interpretation problem is related to the they guaranteed a connection to the Atlantic Ocean figures for the total distance between the starting and and access to the maritime trade. The Antonine ending points and those that supposedly measure the Itinerary (AI)1 mentions three routes heading West distance of the intermediate points. -
Vama Romană De La Capidava
VAMA ROMANĂ DE LA CAPIDAVA 1 AUTORI: Două inscripții cunoscute de mai multă vreme Cunoaștem însă alte câteva stationes atestate unui nou birou de vamă la vărsarea râului Axios în cetății, pe latura de N-V, deasupra temeliei, reutilizată menționează un birou vamal (statio portorii) și implicit expressis verbis pe cale epigrafică pentru Moesia Dunăre. În sfârșit, un birou vamal a funcționat cu ca material de construcție într-o epocă mai târzie. Ioan Carol Opriș Universitatea din București un important punct comercial la Capidava pentru sec. Inferior, în afara celei de la Capidava. Urcând pe cursul siguranță la Tyras, iar relațiile cu locuitorii cetății nu IMAGINEA 2 . Monumentul a fost ridicat cândva în ultima Alexandru Raţiu II-III p.Chr. Acest birou se afla în responsabilitatea unui Dunării, existența lor este asigurată în vecinătatea au fost dintre cele mai fericite în secolul al II-lea, parte a domniei împăratului Antoninus Pius (cca 155- Muzeul Național de Istorie conductor, iar mai apoi cea a unui procurator, pentru lagărului legionar la Durostorum și, iarăși, la Dimum, necesitând intervenția repetată a legaților provinciali 161). Personajul în cinstea căruia se ridică monumentul a României ultimii ani de domnie ai lui Antoninus Pius, respectiv Oescus, Ostrovo. Foarte probabil unul funcționa și la ai Moesiei Inferior. este unul de mare notorietate în întreaga regiune, T. din timpul sau chiar după Marcus Aurelius (ISM V 10; 12 Novae, iar în interiorul provinciei alte câteva epigrafe Iulius Saturninus. El ocupă în această vreme poziția = Capidava I, 12; 8). Ambele piese au fost descoperite pot indica birouri vamale și la Nicopolis ad Istrum, ori Prima epigrafă este un altar onorific din calcar (ISM conductor al unei părți din marele district vamal, pe de către Grigore Florescu, la începutul cercetărilor Montana IMAGINEA 1 . -
The Antonine Wall, the Roman Frontier in Scotland, Was the Most and Northerly Frontier of the Roman Empire for a Generation from AD 142
Breeze The Antonine Wall, the Roman frontier in Scotland, was the most and northerly frontier of the Roman Empire for a generation from AD 142. Hanson It is a World Heritage Site and Scotland’s largest ancient monument. The Antonine Wall Today, it cuts across the densely populated central belt between Forth (eds) and Clyde. In The Antonine Wall: Papers in Honour of Professor Lawrence Keppie, Papers in honour of nearly 40 archaeologists, historians and heritage managers present their researches on the Antonine Wall in recognition of the work Professor Lawrence Keppie of Lawrence Keppie, formerly Professor of Roman History and Wall Antonine The Archaeology at the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University, who spent edited by much of his academic career recording and studying the Wall. The 32 papers cover a wide variety of aspects, embracing the environmental and prehistoric background to the Wall, its structure, planning and David J. Breeze and William S. Hanson construction, military deployment on its line, associated artefacts and inscriptions, the logistics of its supply, as well as new insights into the study of its history. Due attention is paid to the people of the Wall, not just the ofcers and soldiers, but their womenfolk and children. Important aspects of the book are new developments in the recording, interpretation and presentation of the Antonine Wall to today’s visitors. Considerable use is also made of modern scientifc techniques, from pollen, soil and spectrographic analysis to geophysical survey and airborne laser scanning. In short, the papers embody present- day cutting edge research on, and summarise the most up-to-date understanding of, Rome’s shortest-lived frontier. -
Ground-Water Resources of the Bengasi Area, Cyrenaica, United Kingdom of Libya
Ground-Water Resources of the Bengasi Area, Cyrenaica, United Kingdom of Libya GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-B Prepared under the auspices of the United States Operations Mission to Libya, the United States Corps of Engineers, and the Government of Libya BBQPERTY OF U.S.GW«r..GlCAL SURVEY JRENTON, NEW JEST.W Ground-Water Resources of the Bengasi Area Cyrenaica, United Kingdom of Libya By W. W. DOYEL and F. J. MAGUIRE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-B Prepared under the auspices of the United States Operations Mission to Libya, the United States Corps of Engineers, and the Government of Libya UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract _ _______________-__--__-_______--__--_-__---_-------_--- Bl Introduction______-______--__-_-____________--------_-----------__ 1 Location and extent of area-----_______----___--_-------------_- 1 Purpose and scope of investigation---______-_______--__-------__- 3 Acknowledgments __________________________-__--_-----_--_____ 3 Geography___________--_---___-_____---____------------_-___---_- 5 General features.._-_____-___________-_-_____--_-_---------_-_- 5 Topography and drainage_______________________--_-------.-_- 6 Climate.____________________.__----- - 6 Geology____________________-________________________-___----__-__ 8 Ground water____._____________-____-_-______-__-______-_--_--__ 10 Bengasi municipal supply_____________________________________ 12 Other water supplies___________________-______-_-_-___-_--____- 14 Test drilling....______._______._______.___________ 15 Conclusions. -
Ground Water in the Sirte Area, Tripolitania United Kingdom of Libya
Ground Water in the Sirte Area, Tripolitania United Kingdom of Libya GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-C Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development Mission to Libya Ground Water in the Sirte Area, Tripolitania United Kingdom of Libya By WILLIAM OGILBEE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-C Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development Mission to Libya UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Faga Abstract-- ____ ___--_-_____________________-___-_.__-_-_____-_.-.-__ Cl Introduction._ ____________________________________________________ 1 Geographic and climatic features.____-__-__---________-_____________ 3 Geology ____--_-______-__--_____________-----__-_____-__--_-_-_-__ 5 Ground water__ ___________________________________________________ 8 Occurrence ___________________________________________________ 8 Chemical quality______________________________________________ 9 Fresh-water aquifer in the Qa§r Bu Hadi area.__----__--_______-__ 10 Conclusions.._____________________________________________________ 13 Selected references,________________________________________________ 14 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1. Map showing location of the Sirte area and average annual rain fall in northern Tripolitania__-_--___---_--_-_-----_----_ C3 2. Map of the Sirte area showing location of wells and geologic and hydrologic features_____________-_____-____-_------_ 4 3. Graphic logs of typical wells in the Sirte area.-______________ 6 4. Generalized north-south geologic section A-A', Sirte to Qasr Bu Hadi____.____________________________ 7 5. -
Medway Archives and Local Studies Centre
GB 1204 Ch 46 Medway Archives and Local Studies Centre This catalogue was digitised by The National Archives as part of the National Register of Archives digitisation project NRA 22324 ! National Arc F Kent Archives Offic Ch 46 Watts Charity MSS., 1579-1972 Deposited by Mr. Chinnery, Clerk to the Charity, Rochester, 1st May 1974, and 5th February, 1976 Catalogued by Alison Revell, June 1978 INTRODUCTION For information concerning the establishment of Watts's Charity, under Richard Watts of Rochester's will, in 1579 and its subsequent history, The Report of Commissioners for Inquiring Concerning Charities - Kent, 1815-39 Pp. 504-9, provides most of the basic facts. Other Rochester Charities are dealt with in the same Report (see pages 55-57, and 500-513). The Report also deals with various early legal cases concerning the Charity, and the uses to which its funds should be put, most notably the cases of the parishes of St. Margaret 's Rochester, and Strood, against the parishioners of St. Nicholas in 1680, and of the parishioners of Chatham against the Trustees of the Charity in 1808 (see L1-4B in this catalogue). The original will of Richard Watts, drawn up in 1579 and proved in the following year in the Consistory Court of Rochester, is kept in this Office under the catalogue mark, DRb PW12 (1579), with a registered copy in the volume of registered wills, DRb PWr 16 (ffl05-107). A copy is also catalogued in this collection as Ch46 L1A. Further Watts Charity material is found in the Dean and Chapter of Rochester MSS, under the KAO catalogue number, DRc Cl/1-65, and consists mainly of accounts of the Providers of the Poor of Rochester, between the years 1699 and 1819. -
Summary of Motions California State Retirees (Csr) Board of Directors Meeting
SUMMARY OF MOTIONS CALIFORNIA STATE RETIREES (CSR) BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING Holiday Inn, Sacramento February 22, 2018 7. Approval of October 26, 2017 Board Meeting Minutes CSR 1/18/1 MOTION: Oliveira, second by Hueg - that the CSR Board of Directors approve the minutes of the October 26, 2017 meeting as printed. CARRIED. 11. Program Reports - HQ CSR 2/18/1 MOTION: Fountain, second by Hueg – that the CSR Board of Directors buy the three promotion items, hats, totes and lapel pins, in bulk and send out numbers to chapters. CARRIED. 12. Political Action Committee CSR 3/18/1 MOTION: Oliveira, second by Fountain – that the CSR Board of Directors endorse incumbents Controller Betty Yee and Secretary of State Alex Padilla for reelection. CARRIED. CSR 4/18/1 MOTION: Umemoto, second by Jimenez – that the CSR Board of Directors endorse Treasurer Fiona Ma. CARRIED. CSR 5/18/1 MOTION: Jimenez, second by Oliveira – that the CSR Board of Directors endorse the following Assembly incumbents seeking reelection: AD 01 Brian Dahle (R-Bieber), AD 02 Jim Wood (D-Healdsburg), AD 03 James Gallagher (R-Nicolaus), AD 04 Cecilia Aguiar-Curry (D-Napa), AD 05 Frank Bigelow (R-O’Neals), AD 06 Kevin Kiley (R-El Dorado Hills), AD 07 Kevin McCarty (D-Sacramento), AD 08 Ken Cooley (D-Rancho Cordova), AD 09 Jim Cooper (D-Elk Grove), AD 10 Marc Levine (D-San Rafael), AD 11 Jim Frazier (D-Oakley), AD 12 Heath Flora (R-Modesto), AD 13 Susan Eggman (D-Stockton), AD 14 Tim Grayson (D-Concord), AD 16 Catharine Baker (D-Dublin), AD 17 David Chiu (D-San Francisco), AD 18 Rob Bonta (D-Alameda), AD 19 Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), AD 20 Bill Quirk (D- Hayward), AD 21 Adam Gray (D-Merced). -
Siegfried Found: Decoding the Nibelungen Period
1 Gunnar Heinsohn (Gdańsk, February 2018) SIEGFRIED FOUND: DECODING THE NIBELUNGEN PERIOD CONTENTS I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? 2 II Siegfried the Dragon Slayer and the Dragon Legion of Victorinus 12 III Time of the Nibelungen. How many migration periods occurred in the 1st millennium? Who was Clovis, first King of France? 20 IV Results 34 V Bibliography 40 Acknowledgements 41 VICTORINUS (coin portrait) 2 I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? The mythical figure of Siegfried from Xanten (Colonia Ulpia Traiana), the greatest hero of the Germanic and Nordic sagas, is based on the real Gallic emperor Victorinus (meaning “the victorious”), whose name can be translated into Siegfried (Sigurd etc.), which means “victorious” in German and the Scandinavian languages. The reign of Victorinus is conventionally dated 269-271 AD. He is one of the leaders of the so-called Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum; 260-274 AD), mostly known from Historia Augusta (Thayer 2018), Epitome de Caesaribus of Aurelius Victor (Banchich 2009), and the Breviarum of Eutropius (Watson 1886). The capital city of this empire was Cologne, 80 km south of Xanten. Trier and Lyon were additional administrative centers. This sub-kingdom tried to defend the western part of the Roman Empire against invaders who were taking advantage of the so-called Crisis of the Third Century, which mysteriously lasted exactly 50 years (234 to 284 AD). Yet, the Gallic Empire also had separatist tendencies and sought to become independent from Rome. The bold claim of Victorinus = Siegfried was put forward, in 1841, by A.