READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD EMPIRES AND DIVERSITY READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS IDEAS, DEBATES, AND PERSPECTIVES Number 6. Number 5. Classic Maya Political Ecology: Information and Its Role in Number 5. Number 4. Resource Management, Class Hunter-Gatherer Bands, edited Information and Its Role in Blood and Beauty: by Robert Whallon, William HHistories,unter-G aandther Politicaler Bands Change, edited Organized Violence in the inby Northwestern Robert Wha lBelizelon, W, editedilliam A. Lovis,Art an andd A rRobertchaeolo gK.y of by AJon. L C.ov iLohses, and Robert K. HitchcockMesoamerica and Central Hitchcock America, edited by Heather Orr and Rex Koontz Number 4. Number 3. Number 3. Number 2 Blood and Beauty: Settlement and Society: Settlement and Society: Chinese Society in the Age Organized Violence in the Essays Dedicated to Robert Essays Dedicated to Robert of Confucius (1000–250 Art and Archaeology of McCormick Adams, edited by McCormick Adams, edited by BC): The Archaeological Elizabeth C. Stone MesoamericaElizabet andh C . CentralStone Evidence, by Lothar von America, edited by Falkenhausen Heather Orr and Rex Koontz Number 2. Number 1. Chinese SocietyNum inber the 1. Age Settlement, Subsistence and of ConfuciusSettlemen t(1000–250, Subsistence and Social Complexity: Essays BC):S ociTheal CoArchaeologicalmplexity: Essays Honoring the Legacy of Evidence,Hono byrin Lotharg the Leg vonacy of Jeffrey R. Parsons, edited by FalkenhausenJeffrey R. Pa rsons, edited by Richard E. Blanton Richard E. Blanton READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD EMPIRES AND DIVERSITY: ON THE CROSSROADS OF ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND HISTORY EDIT ED BY GR EGORY E. A R ESHIAN I DE AS , D E BAT E S , AND P E RSP E CTIV E S 7 COTS E N I NSTITUT E OF A RCHA E OLOG Y P R E SS U NIV E RSITY OF C ALIFORNIA , L OS A NGE L E S READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press is the publishing unit of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. The Cotsen Institute is a premier research organiza tion dedicated to the creation, dissemination, and conservation of archaeological knowledge and heritage. It is home to both the Interdepartmental Archaeology Graduate Program and the UCLA/Getty Master’s Program in the Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials. The Cotsen Institute provides a forum for innovative faculty research, graduate educa- tion, and public programs at UCLA in an effort to positively impact the academic, local and global communities. Established in 1973, the Cotsen Institute is at the forefront of archaeological research, education, conservation and publication and is an active contributor to interdisciplinary research at UCLA. The Cotsen Institute Press specializes in producing high-quality academic volumes in several different series, including Monographs, World Heritage and Monuments, Cotsen Advanced Seminars, and Ideas, Debates and Perspectives. The Press is committed to making the fruits of archaeological research accessible to profes- sionals, scholars, students, and the general public. We are able to do this through the generosity of Lloyd E. Cotsen, longtime Institute volunteer and benefactor, who has provided an endowment that allows us to subsidize our publishing program and produce superb volumes at an affordable price. Publishing in nine dif- ferent series, our award-winning archaeological publications receive critical acclaim in both the academic and popular communities. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA Charles Stanish, Director Gregory Areshian, Assistant Director Willeke Wendrich, Editorial Director Astrid Virding, Publications Manager Editorial Board of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology: Willeke Wendrich Area Editor for Egypt, North, and East Africa Christopher Donnan Area Editor for South and Central America Jeanne E. Arnold Area Editor for North America Aaron Burke Area Editor for Southwestern Asia Lothar Von Falkenhausen Area Editor for East and South Asia and Archaeological Theory Sarah Morris Area Editor for the Classical World John Papadopoulos Area Editor for the Mediterranean Region Ex-Officio Members: Charles Stanish, Gregory E. Areshian, and Astrid Virding External Members: Chapurukha Kusimba, Joyce Marcus, Colin Renfrew, and John Yellen Edited by Robin Ray Designed by William Morosi Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Empires and diversity : on the crossroads of archaeology, history, and anthropology / edited by Gregory E. Areshian. pages cm. -- (Ideas, debates, and perspectives ; 7) 978-0-917956-09-6 (hardcover)--978-0-917956-34-8 (paperback) 978-1-938770-51-7 (eBook) 1. Imperialism--History--Case studies. 2. Archaeology and history--Case studies. 3. History, Ancient. I. Areshian, G. E., author, editor of compilation. JC359.E434 2013 930--dc23 2012050597 Copyright ©2013 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD CONTENTS ABOUT THE EDITOR vii CONTRIBUTORS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii INTRODUCTION: VARIABILITY AND COMPLEXITY IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EMPIRES Gregory E. Areshian 1 1. NEGOTIATING EMPIRE: A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION INTO THE RESPONSES TO HITTITE IMPERIALISM BY THE VASSAL STATE OF UGARIT AND THE KASKA PEOPLES OF PONTIC ANATOLIA Claudia Glatz 21 2. MONUMENTS OF RESISTANCE: GURGUM AND THE ASSYRIAN CONQUEST Lynn Swartz Dodd 57 3. REVENGE OF THE KUSHITES: ASSIMILATION AND RESISTANCE IN EGYPT’S NEW KINGDOM EMPIRE AND NUBIAN ASCENDANCY OVER EGYPT Stuart Tyson Smith 84 4. AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF HEGEMONY: THE ACHAEMENID EMPIRE AND THE REMAKING OF THE FORTRESS IN THE ARMENIAN HIGHLANDS Lori Khatchadourian 108 v READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD vi E MPIR E S AND D IV E RSITY 5. SASANIAN IMPERIALISM AND THE SHAPING OF ARMENIAN IDENTITY: INTERDISCIPLINARY VERIFICATION AND AMBIVALENCE OF EMPIRE– NATION RELATIONSHIP Gregory E. Areshian 146 6. EXPANSION OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE INTO ITS NORTHERN FRONTIER (CA. 500 BCE–0 CE): A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH-CENTRAL INNER MONGOLIA Gregory G. Indrisano and Katheryn M. Linduff 164 7. BINDING THE IMPERIAL WHOLE: THE TRANSITION FROM CAPITAL TO PROVINCE IN THE INKA IMPERIAL HEARTLAND R. Alan Covey 208 8. IN THE SHADOW OF THE KHAN Naindeep Chann 231 INDEX 250 READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD ABOUT THE EDITOR GREGORY E. ARESHIAN is the author of more than 140 scholarly publications in English, Russian, German, French, and Armenian devoted to different topics in the social sciences and the humanities, including the archaeology of the Near East, Eastern Mediterranean, southeastern Europe, and Central Asia from the Neolithic to the High Middle Ages. Other publications focus on interdisciplinary linguistic-archaeological-folkloric and art-historical reconstructions of ancient Near Eastern and Indo-European mythologies, interdisciplinary studies of social contexts of the development of ancient tech- nologies, applications of natural sciences in archaeology, as well as theory and methodology in archaeology and human adaptive responses to changes in the natural environment. Dr. Areshian has also written on interactions between nomads and sedentary civilizations of Eurasia, long-term trends in history and trajectories of social complexity, visual arts and architecture of the Ancient Near East, Armenian history, and the ancient and medieval empires of the Near East and Eurasia. After receiving his Ph.D. in Near Eastern Archaeology from the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Dr. Areshian directed and participated in excavations and surveys of archaeological sites in the Caucasus (Armenia and Georgia), Syria, Central Asia, and Egypt, as well as travelled extensively for research projects in Turkey and Iran. He established and directed the Center for Archaeological Research at the University of Yerevan, served as Deputy Director of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences, the First Vice Director General of the Directorate of Antiquities of the Republic of Armenia, and the Deputy Prime Minister of Armenia. During the last several decades he taught and supervised undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Yerevan, University of Wisconsin, Amherst College, University of Chicago, and University of California, Irvine. Since 2001 Dr. Areshian has been holding fac- ulty and research appointments at the University of California, Los Angeles, presently combining academic activities with the position of the Assistant vii READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD viii E MPIR E S AND D IV E RSITY Director of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology and the Editor of Backdirt, the Annual Review of the Cotsen Institute. He simultaneously holds the posi- tion of Director of the UCLA Research Program in Armenian Archaeology and Ethnography. Currently he is co-directing three UCLA archaeological research projects in Armenia, including the famous ritual cave complex, Areni-1, of the Chalcolithic period where the world’s oldest leather shoe and oldest wine pressing installation were discovered. Dr. Areshian’s forthcoming publications include the results of the excavations at Terqa on the Euphrates (Syria), and interdisciplinary perspectives on the Silk Roads. READ ONLY / NO DOWNLOAD CONTRIBUTORS NAINDEEP CHANN is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at UCLA. His research interests include nomadism, the early modern Islamicate empires—the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals—and questions of religion, politics, and trade.