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Living and Working in Poland Living and Working in Poland www.eures.praca.gov.pl www.eures.europa.eu Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy Department of Labour Market Department of Labour Market MINISTRY OF FAMILY, LABOUR AND SOCIAL POLICY Department of Labour Market LIVING AND WORKING IN POLAND Warsaw, 2016 The brochure is addressed to citizens of the Member States of the European Union or the European Free Trade Association who want to start working and living in Poland. Prepared by: Department of Labour Market Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy in cooperation with competent ministries © Copyright by the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy Published by: Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy ul. Nowogrodzka 1/3/5 00-513 Warsaw Printed by: Printing and Publishing House of Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy ul. Usypiskowa 2, 02-386 Warsaw Free copy TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 5 Information about Poland ......................................................................... 7 Poland in a nutshell .............................................................................. 7 Administrative division .......................................................................... 9 Political, administrative and legal system in Poland ............................. 10 Living and staying in Poland .................................................................... 13 Registration and residence permit ........................................................ 13 How to find an apartment ...................................................................... 16 Costs of living ....................................................................................... 18 Transport ............................................................................................... 20 Driving license ...................................................................................... 21 Care for children aged up to 3 years .................................................... 23 Education system ................................................................................. 24 How to find a school? ........................................................................... 30 Health care ........................................................................................... 32 Private life ............................................................................................. 36 Cultural and social life ........................................................................... 39 Checklist for before and after you arrive in Poland ............................... 41 Working in Poland ..................................................................................... 43 Free movement of workers in the EU/EFTA .......................................... 43 How to find a job ................................................................................... 44 How to apply for work ........................................................................... 46 Recognition of qualifications ................................................................. 47 Provision of cross-border services ........................................................ 48 Types of employment ............................................................................ 49 Employment contract ............................................................................ 50 Safe and hygienic working conditions ................................................... 51 Special categories of employees .......................................................... 52 Working time ......................................................................................... 54 Leaves .................................................................................................. 55 Representation of workers .................................................................... 58 Labour disputes – strikes ...................................................................... 60 Ending employment .............................................................................. 61 Unemployment and employment support provided by labour offices ... 63 Business activities ................................................................................ 70 Income, remunerations and taxes ........................................................... 75 Income and remunerations ................................................................... 75 Taxes ..................................................................................................... 77 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Tax reliefs and exemptions for natural persons .................................... 82 Capital and cash flows .......................................................................... 84 Social insurance in Poland ....................................................................... 87 Social security system in Poland .......................................................... 87 Coordination of the social security systems .......................................... 89 Sickness insurance ............................................................................... 92 Family benefits ...................................................................................... 95 Pensions and old age benefits .............................................................. 98 Disability pensions ................................................................................ 101 Social benefits for accident at work and occupational disease ............. 103 Unemployment benefit – transfer .......................................................... 105 4 Introduction Living and working in the Member States of the European Union and the Euro- pean Free Trade Association (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), hereinafter referred to as “EU/EFTA” involves numerous aspects. Therefore, before you make a decision on moving to one of those countries, you should learn about living and working conditions in a given state. Provision of information about living and working conditions in Poland is one of the services provided by the EURES (EURopean Employment Services) to foreigners who are citizens of the EU/EFTA Member States. Established in 1993, EURES is the EU network of cooperation of public employ- ment services and other authorised organisations at the local, regional, national and European level, designed to support mobility of workers on the European labour market. As part of coordination of the EURES network in Poland, the Department of Labour Market at the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy published a brochure entitled Living and Working in Poland in order to provide support to the citizens of the EU/EFTA Members States who plan to settle down and work in Poland. The brochure includes information about living and staying in Poland, working and conducting business activity, income, remuneration and taxes, social insu- rance and health care, that is useful to the EU/EFTA Member States. The information presents the legal situation as of July 2016 and pertains to citi- zens of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The electronic version of the brochure is available at: http://www.eures.praca.gov.pl. We hope that the information included in the brochure will assist the citizens of the EU/EFTA Member States in making informed decisions on working and living in Poland. Department of Labour Market Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy 5 INFORMATION ABOUT POLAND Poland in a nutshell Name Rzeczposplita Polska, Republic of Poland (RP) of the country National emblem Flag Official language Polish Capital city Warsaw Major cities Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Gdańsk, Katowice, Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Olsztyn, Poznań, Szczecin, Warsaw, Wrocław Political system Parliamentary democracy. The legislative power is exercised by a bicameral parliament (Sejm – 460 members of the parliament, Senate – 100 senators), executive power by the Council of Ministers and the President, and the judicial power by impartial courts of law. Administrative Three-level local government structure comprising gmina division government, poviat government and voivodeship governments. Poland is divided into 2,478 gminas, 314 poviats and 16 voivodeships (Dolnośląskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Lubuskie, Łódzkie, Małopolskie, Mazowieckie, Opolskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Pomorskie, Śląskie, Świętokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie, Zachodniopomorskie) – as of 1 January 2016. Geographical Poland is located in Central Europe on the Baltic Sea location coast. It borders Russia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine to the East, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the South and Germany to the West. 7 INFORMATION ABOUT POLAND Area 312,679 km² Population Approximately 38 million Climate Moderate. Average temperature in the summer oscillates between 16.5°C and 20°C and in the winter between -6°C and 0°C. The hottest month is July. The coldest month is January. Religions Catholicism – 95%, Orthodox Church – 1.5%, Protestantism – 1% and other Ethnic groups Poland is almost entirely an ethnically homogenous country. Poles represent ca.
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