Chapter SETTING the STAGE
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706
Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 41 Number 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 41, Article 7 Issue 1 1962 The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706 Charles W. Arnade Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Arnade, Charles W. (1962) "The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 41 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol41/iss1/7 Arnade: The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700-1706 THE ENGLISH INVASION OF SPANISH FLORIDA, 1700-1706 by CHARLES W. ARNADE HOUGH FLORIDA had been discovered by Ponce de Leon in T 1513, not until 1565 did it become a Spanish province in fact. In that year Pedro Menendez de Aviles was able to establish a permanent capital which he called St. Augustine. Menendez and successive executives had plans to make St. Augustine a thriving metropolis ruling over a vast Spanish colony that might possibly be elevated to a viceroyalty. Nothing of this sort happened. By 1599 Florida was in desperate straits: Indians had rebelled and butchered the Franciscan missionaries, fire and flood had made life in St. Augustine miserable, English pirates of such fame as Drake had ransacked the town, local jealousies made life unpleasant. -
Expedition Conquistador Brochure
EXPEDITION CONQUISTADOR Traveling Exhibit Proposal The Palm Beach Museum of Natural History Minimum Requirements 500-3,500 sq. ft. (variable, based on available space) of display area 8-12 ft ceiling clearance Available for 6-8 week (or longer) periods Expedition Conquistador takes three to seven days to set up and take down Assistance by venue staff may be required to unload, set up and break down the exhibit Venue provides all set up/break down equipment, including pallet jacks, fork lift, etc. Structure of Exhibit Basic: Armored Conquistador Diorama – (3 foot soldiers or 1 mounted on horse, 120 sq. ft.) Maps and Maritime Navigation Display Weapons and Armor Display Trade in the New World Display Daily Life and Clothing Display American Indian Weaponry and material culture (contemporary 16th century) Optional: First Contact Diorama (explorers, foot soldiers, sailors, priests, American Indians) American Indian Habitation Diorama Living History Component Both the basic and optional versions of Expedition Conquistador can be adjusted via the modification of the number of displays to accommodate venues with limited exhibition space. We welcome your questions regarding “Expedition Conquistador” For additional information or to book reservations please contact Rudolph F. Pascucci The Palm Beach Museum of Natural History [email protected] (561) 729-4246 Expedition Conquistador Expedition Conquistador provides the The beginnings of European colonization in public with a vision of what life was like for the New World began a series of violent the earliest European explorers of the New changes. Cultures and technology both World as they battled to claim territory, clashed on a monumental basis. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4B106
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(5)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
The Spanish Conquistadores and Colonial Empire
The Spanish Conquistadores and Colonial Empire Treaty of Tordesillas Columbus’s colonization of the Atlantic islands inaugurated an era of aggressive Spanish expansion across the Atlantic. Spanish colonization after Columbus accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal to an unprecedented level. The two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. But in 1493, Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI issued two papal decrees giving legitimacy to Spain’s Atlantic claims over the claims of Portugal. Hoping to salvage Portugal’s holdings, King João II negotiated a treaty with Spain. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America. Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. Map of the land division determined by the Treaty of Tordesillas. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons Conquistadores and Spanish colonization Columbus’s discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable native peoples, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Spanish explorers with hopes of conquest in the New World were known as conquistadores. Hernán Cortés arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and participated in the conquest of the Island. Cortés then led the exploration of the Yucatán Peninsula in hopes of attaining glory. -
Godebert M. Reiss Explorers, Conquistadors and Missionaries from Portugal and Spain Explorers Final 1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 2
Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 1 Godebert M. Reiss Explorers, Conquistadors and Missionaries from Portugal and Spain Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 2 Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537 – 1598) Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 3 Godebert M. Reiss EXPLORERS, CONQUISTADORS AND MISSIONARIES FROM PORTUGAL AND SPAIN Contemporary Books and Pamphlets from 1500 to 1700. Jesuit Letters largely from Japan dating from 1549 to 1629. With bibliographical and historical annotations. bramann Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 4 Dieser Titel wird in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie angezeigt. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek bietet nach Erscheinen detaillierte bibliografische Informationen unter http: / / dnb.d-nb.de. © 2020 Bramann Verlag, Frankfurt am Main Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Einbandgestaltung und Layout: Margarete Bramann, Frankfurt am Main Druck und Bindung: TZ-Verlag & Print GmbH, Roßdorf, www.tz-verlag.de Printed in Germany 2020 ISBN 978-3-95903-010-6 Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 5 Contents Important Information . 7 Introduction . 8 The Brito Collection . 10 About This Book . 16 Alphabetical Catalogue by Authors . 19 Jesuit letters from 1549 to 1629 . 199 Index of Proper Names . 225 Principal Reference Works Consulted . 234 5 Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 6 Explorers_final_1-106 19.12.19 15:02 Seite 7 Important Information This book is based on Auction Sale No. 40 held April 3rd & 4th, 1989 by the Auction House Reiss & Auvermann. It comprises a collection of rare books about the age of exploration and the history of Portugal and Spain. Amongst the books referred to, with respect to the centuries of early exploration (AD 1500 to AD 1700), was a considerable number of items of great rarity and their hammer price rather often achieved many times the estimate. -
The LEGACY of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the AMERICAS New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire
The LEGACY of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the AMERICAS New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire Elise Bartosik-Vélez The Legacy of Christopher Columbus in the Americas The LEGACY of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the AMERICAS New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire Elise Bartosik-Vélez Vanderbilt University Press NASHVILLE © 2014 by Vanderbilt University Press Nashville, Tennessee 37235 All rights reserved First printing 2014 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on file LC control number 2013007832 LC classification number e112 .b294 2014 Dewey class number 970.01/5 isbn 978-0-8265-1953-5 (cloth) isbn 978-0-8265-1955-9 (ebook) For Bryan, Sam, and Sally Contents Acknowledgments ................................. ix Introduction .......................................1 chapter 1 Columbus’s Appropriation of Imperial Discourse ............................ 15 chapter 2 The Incorporation of Columbus into the Story of Western Empire ................. 44 chapter 3 Columbus and the Republican Empire of the United States ............................. 66 chapter 4 Colombia: Discourses of Empire in Spanish America ............................ 106 Conclusion: The Meaning of Empire in Nationalist Discourses of the United States and Spanish America ........................... 145 Notes ........................................... 153 Works Cited ..................................... 179 Index ........................................... 195 Acknowledgments any people helped me as I wrote this book. Michael Palencia-Roth has been an unfailing mentor and model of Methical, rigorous scholarship and human compassion. I am grate- ful for his generous help at many stages of writing this manu- script. I am also indebted to my friend Christopher Francese, of the Department of Classical Studies at Dickinson College, who has never hesitated to answer my queries about pretty much any- thing related to the classical world. -
Spain's Empire in the Americas
ahon11_sena_ch02_S2_s.fm Page 44 Friday, October 2, 2009 10:41 AM ahon09_sena_ch02_S2_s.fm Page 45 Friday, October 26, 2007 2:01 PM Section 2 About a year later, Cortés returned with a larger force, recaptured Step-by-Step Instruction Tenochtitlán, and then destroyed it. In its place he built Mexico City, The Indians Fear Us the capital of the Spanish colony of New Spain. Cortés used the same methods to subdue the Aztecs in Mexico SECTION SECTION The Indians of the coast, because of some fears “ that another conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, used in South America. of us, have abandoned all the country, so that for Review and Preview 2 Pizarro landed on the coast of Peru in 1531 to search for the Incas, thirty leagues not a man of them has halted. ” who were said to have much gold. In September 1532, he led about Students have learned about new 170 soldiers through the jungle into the heart of the Inca Empire. contacts between peoples of the Eastern —Hernando de Soto, Spanish explorer and conqueror, report on Pizarro then took the Inca ruler Atahualpa (ah tuh WAHL puh) pris- and Western hemispheres during the expedition to Florida, 1539 oner. Although the Inca people paid a huge ransom to free their ruler, Age of Exploration. Now students will Pizarro executed him anyway. By November 1533, the Spanish had focus on Spain’s early success at estab- defeated the leaderless Incas and captured their capital city of Cuzco. lishing colonies in the Americas. Why the Spanish Were Victorious How could a few � Hernando de Soto hundred Spanish soldiers defeat Native American armies many Vocabulary Builder times their size? Several factors explain the Spaniards’ success. -
Who Read the Romances of Chivalry? 211 the Immediate Sources of These Observations Need Not Concern As Here
l lVH0 READ THE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY? By Dimiel Eisenberg jgE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT of the nresent discussion are those which were written in Castilian in jjje sixteenth century. The conclusions should also be valid for Tirante el Blanco, Amadís de Gaula, and the Sergas de Esplandián, gil of which were probably considered to be sixteenth-century Castilian works by the readers of the period. Specifically excluded are those short works, of the fifteenth century or earlier, translated into Spanish, such as Oliveros de Castilla, Partinuplés de Bles, or Enrique fi de Oliva; they are quite different works, and to a degree were translated and published for a different public. (They are scarcely mentioned in the Quijote.) In any event, they do not form parí of Spanish literature.2 i Tbis article was read in the Spanish 2 section of the December, 1972 meeting of the Modera Language Association of America. Its researcfa was greatly facilitated by the Smith Fund and the University Research Council of the University of North Carolina, and by the Brown University Library. 1 would like to express my appreciation to Keith Whinnom, Merritt Cox, and James Burke for reading this paper and making helpful suggestions; to Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce for his assistance with sections of the Appendix; and to Ricardo Arias for permitting the Hispanic Society of America to make o copy of Rosián de Castilla for my examination. 2 These works, printed in large quantities at modest pnces, are lumped together as "menudencias" in the book order reproduced by Irving Leonard, "Best Sellers of the Lima Book Trade, 1583," HÁHR, 22 (1942), 30-31, and elsewhere; it is, of course, to them that Julio Caro Baroja, Ensayo sobre la literatura de cordel (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1969), pp. -
Collecting Portuguese Ballads1
Oral Tradition, 2/2-3 (1987): 547-72 Collecting Portuguese Ballads1 Manuel da Costa Fontes Á memória de meu tio Manuel Soares, (✝1984), que tanto ajudou com a recolha do Romanceiro da Ilha de S. Jorge. The Spanish began to publish extensive collections dedicated exclusively to their ballads in the middle of the sixteenth century (see Rodríguez-Moñino 1973). These collections included versions of many poems that had already become traditional, for they were being sung by common people throughout Spain. Although the Portuguese were also singing ballads at that time,2 nothing of the sort was done in Portugal. This lack of ancient documentation renders the modern Portuguese tradition even more signifi cant. Without the poems that have been transmitted from generation to generation throughout the centuries, our knowledge of the ancient Portuguese tradition would be very limited indeed. The systematic collection of ballads was begun by Almeida Garrett in 1824. Having been forced into exile for political reasons, he was inspired by the example of the English Romantics, and made his early fi ndings known through the publication of Adozinda while still abroad (London, 1828). Since he was the fi rst to publicize the fact that ballads from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were still being sung by common people in Iberia, he is the “father” of all subsequent fi eldwork undertaken in Portugal, Spain, and in the other Pan-Hispanic traditions as well (see Costa Fontes 1983-84b:54-55). My own fi eldwork began among the Portuguese in California in 1970. Although I had heard ballads being sung within my own family since childhood, I became aware of their importance only when I took a course on the Spanish ballad from Professor Arthur 548 MANUEL DA COSTA FONTES L.-F. -
Tordesillas Background
Treaty of Tordesillas Upon returning to Spain in 1493 after his first voyage, Christopher Columbus contacted Pope Alexander VI (a Spaniard by birth) to report his discoveries. Acting as the great European arbiter of the day, the pope then issued a bull (decree) that divided the New World lands between Spain and Portugal by establishing a north-south line of demarcation 100 leagues* west of the Cape Verde Islands. Undiscovered non-Christian lands to the west of the line were to be Spanish possessions and those to the east belonged to Portugal. News of this decision was not warmly greeted by the Portuguese, who argued that previous agreements conflicted with the Pope's decision. In the spring of 1494, representatives of Spain and Portugal met in the Spanish town of Tordesillas and negotiated a mutually satisfactory solution to their dispute. By resulting Treaty of Todesillas, the line of demarcation was relocated to a position 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. (It was impossible during this age to determine precisely the impact of this agreement on account of the nagging difficulty of establishing longitude accurately.) However, Portugal emerged with an enhanced position by gaining a larger portion of South America (Brazil). Even with this modification, Spain had gained control (on paper) of most of the New World. The pope granted his official recognition of this agreement in 1506. Spain and Portugal, with a few exceptions, remained loyal to the terms of the treaty; the Portuguese would expand deep into Brazil beyond the demarcation line, but Spain did not object. -
The Age of Exploration (Also Called the Age of Discovery) Began in the 1400S and Continued Through the 1600S. It Was a Period Of
Activity 1 of 3 for NTI May 18 - 22 - Introduction to Exploration of North America Go to: https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php Click on the link above to read the article. There is a feature at the bottom that will allow you to have the text read to you, if you want. After you read the article, answer the questions below. You can highlight or bold your answers if completing electronically. I have copied the website text below if you need it. The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. The Age of Exploration took place at the same time as the Renaissance. Why explore? Outfitting an expedition could be expensive and risky. Many ships never returned. So why did the Europeans want to explore? The simple answer is money. Although, some individual explorers wanted to gain fame or experience adventure, the main purpose of an expedition was to make money. How did expeditions make money? Expeditions made money primarily by discovering new trade routes for their nations. When the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453, many existing trade routes to India and China were shut down. These trade routes were very valuable as they brought in expensive products such as spices and silk. New expeditions tried to discover oceangoing routes to India and the Far East. Some expeditions became rich by discovering gold and silver, such as the expeditions of the Spanish to the Americas. -
The Spanish in South Carolina: Unsettled Frontier
S.C. Department of Archives & History • Public Programs Document Packet No. 3 THE SPANISH IN SOUTH CAROLINA: UNSETTLED FRONTIER Route of the Spanish treasure fleets Spain, flushed with the reconquest of South Carolina. Effective occupation of its land from the Moors, quickly extended this region would buttress the claims its explorations outward fromthe Spain made on the territory because it had Carrribean Islands and soon dominated discovered and explored it. “Las Indias,” as the new territories were Ponce de Leon unsucessfully known. In over seventy years, their attempted colonization of the Florida explorers and military leaders, known as peninsula in 1521. Five years later, after the Conquistadores, had planted the cross he had sent a ship up the coast of “La of Christianity and raised the royal Florida,” as the land to the north was standard of Spain over an area that called, Vasquez de Ayllon, an official in extended from the present southern United Hispaniola, tried to explore and settle States all the way to Argentina. And, like South Carolina. Reports from that all Europeans who sailed west, the expedition tell us Ayllon and 500 Conquistadores searched for a passage to colonists settled on the coast of South the Orient with its legendary riches of Carolina in 1526 but a severe winter and gold, silver, and spices. attacks from hostile Indians forced them New lands demanded new regulations. to abandon their settlement one year later. Philip II directed In Spain, Queen Isabella laid down In 1528, Panfilo de Navarez set out the settlement policies that would endure for centuries.