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A Comparative Analysis of German and Australian Climate Change Coverage in Quality Newspapers 6 A Comparative Analysis of German and Australian Climate Change Coverage in Quality Newspapers Framing a political election and an environmental disaster Lena Birkenfeld mweltkommunikation U nergie- und E achhaltigkeits-, NEU N Lena Birkenfeld A Comparative Analysis of German and Australian Climate Change Coverage in Quality Newspapers Framing a political election and an environmental disaster NEU - Nachhaltigkeits‐, Energie‐ und Umweltkommunikation Herausgegeben von Prof. Jens Wolling (Technische Universität Ilmenau), Prof. Heinz Bonfadelli (Universität Zürich), Prof. Mike Schäfer (Universität Zürich) und Prof. Oliver Quiring (Universität Mainz). Band 6 Das Themenfeld Nachhaltigkeit, Energie und Umwelt stellt Gesellschaften weltweit vor Herausforderungen. Wie sich Umweltprobleme erfolgreich angehen lassen, wie Energiege- winnung und -nutzung bestmöglich realisiert und auf welche Weise diese Prozesse nachhal- tig gestaltet werden können, wird von Akteuren aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft sowie Zivilgesellschaft kontrovers diskutiert. Welche Interessen sich dabei durchsetzen und wie Entscheidungen ausfallen, hängt wesentlich davon ab, wie diese Themen öffentlich kommu- niziert werden. Daher ist die Erforschung dieser Kommunikationsprozesse – ihrer Entste- hungsbedingungen, ihrer Ausgestaltung und ihrer Wirkung – von großer Bedeutung. Die Reihe Nachhaltigkeits-, Energie- und Umweltkommunikation (NEU) bietet allen in die- sem noch jungen Forschungsfeld arbeitenden Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern eine Plattform zur Veröffentlichung ihrer Forschungsresultate. Sie bündelt einschlägige Ar- beiten, erhöht so ihre Sichtbarkeit und ermöglicht einen intensivierten Austausch über ein zukunftsträchtiges Forschungsfeld. Darüber hinaus leistet die Reihe einen Beitrag dazu, Open-Access-Formate stärker in der deutschsprachigen Kommunikationswissenschaft zu etablieren. Die Bücher der Reihe er- scheinen sowohl online als auch offline. Sie sind damit für alle Interessierten sofort, einfach und kostenlos zugänglich. Zugleich sichert ein erfahrenes Herausgebergremium die Qualität der erscheinenden Arbeiten. A Comparative Analysis of German and Australian Climate Change Coverage in Quality Newspapers Framing a political election and an environmental disaster Lena Birkenfeld Universitätsverlag Ilmenau 2020 Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National- bibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Angaben sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Diese Arbeit hat der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Medien der Technischen Universität Ilmenau als Dissertation vorgelegen. Tag der Einreichung: 4. November 2018 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jens Wolling (Technische Universität Ilmenau) 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Martin Emmer (Freie Universität Berlin) 3. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Monika Taddicken (Technische Universität Braunschweig) Tag der Verteidigung: 13. Juni 2019 Technische Universität Ilmenau/Universitätsbibliothek Universitätsverlag Ilmenau Postfach 10 05 65 98684 Ilmenau http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/universitaetsverlag readbox unipress in der readbox publishing GmbH Rheinische Str. 171 44147 Dortmund https://www.readbox.net/unipress/ ISSN 2197-6937 ISBN 978-3-86360-218-5 (Druckausgabe) DOI 10.22032/dbt.43076 URN urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2019000637 Coverbilder: 1. Hans Birkenfeld 2. Lena Birkenfeld 3. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung, The Age, The Sydney Morn- ing Herald Collage: Lena Birkenfeld Logo: Iwanja Wolling Acknowledgements This study would have never been accomplished without the help and the dedication of the following people. First and foremost, I wish to express my appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor Profes- sor Jens Wolling. Thank you very much for your invaluable guidance during this research project, for your patience and for teaching me the core competencies of a scientist. Thank you to Dr Christina Schumann who supported me from the first day of my research. Your constant enthusiasm for my work and the possibility to discuss ideas with you were a big help throughout the research. I would also like to thank all my colleagues at the Research Group Empirische Medien- forschung und politische Kommunikation at TU Ilmenau who always welcomed me warmly during my research stays at the university. Last, I would like to thank my family. Especially in the last two years – after my daughter Annie was born – you always believed in me finishing this study and gave me a lot of moral support and freedom to work on this research. 7 Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 16 2. Theory: Framing ........................................................................................................ 22 2.1. Framing as a process ........................................................................................... 26 2.2. Framing approaches ............................................................................................ 28 2.3. Framing climate change ...................................................................................... 32 2.4. Classifying climate change frames ..................................................................... 44 2.5. Summary: framing of climate change................................................................. 48 3. Theory: The Extended Sphere Model of Bräuer and Wolling (2014) ................... 51 3.1. German and Australian climate change coverage from 2007 to 2011 ................ 55 3.2. External influences on journalistic work in Germany and Australia .................. 61 3.2.1. Political influence on climate change coverage in Germany and Australia ................................................................................................. 62 3.2.2. The public’s attitude to climate change .................................................. 70 3.2.3. The impact of lobbying on climate change coverage in Germany and Australia ........................................................................................... 78 3.2.4. Energy supply, natural resources and the climate of Germany and Australia ................................................................................................. 84 3.3. Journalistic influences from inside the media company ..................................... 90 3.4. The journalistic profession in Germany and Australia ....................................... 94 3.4.1. German and Australian journalists and their attitude to work ................ 95 3.4.2. German and Australian journalists and their socialisation ..................... 99 3.4.3. German and Australian journalists and their self-concept ................... 101 3.4.4. German and Australian journalists and news values ............................ 107 3.5. Climate change coverage: the newspapers investigated ................................... 112 3.5.1. Süddeutsche Zeitung ............................................................................ 113 3.5.2. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ........................................................... 114 3.5.3. The Age ................................................................................................ 115 3.5.4. The Sydney Morning Herald ................................................................ 115 3.6. Summary of theoretical findings ...................................................................... 117 8 Table of contents 4. Conclusions from theory .......................................................................................... 120 4.1. Comparisons between the countries .................................................................. 120 4.2. Comparisons between the two events ............................................................... 124 4.3. Comparisons before/after the event .................................................................. 125 5. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 128 5.1. Developing the code book ................................................................................ 129 5.2. The process of coding ....................................................................................... 143 5.3. Summary: methodology .................................................................................... 147 6. Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 148 6.1. Preparing the analysis ....................................................................................... 150 6.2. Testing the hypotheses and sub research questions .......................................... 165 6.2.1. Comparisons between Germany and Australia ..................................... 166 6.2.2. Comparisons between the two events ................................................... 174 6.2.3. Comparisons before/after the event ...................................................... 178 7. Climate change research since 2011 ....................................................................... 186 7.1. German climate change studies since 2011 ...................................................... 186 7.2. Australian climate change studies since 2011 .................................................. 205 8. Discussion .................................................................................................................
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