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IMPLEMENTATION of CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS REGARDING MASS MEDIA in a PLURALIST DEMOCRACY Nicosia, 16-18 December 1994 Proceedi

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IMPLEMENTATION of CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS REGARDING MASS MEDIA in a PLURALIST DEMOCRACY Nicosia, 16-18 December 1994 Proceedi Strasbourg, 16 December 1994 CDL-STD(1994)013 Or. Engl. Science and technique of democracy No. 13 EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS REGARDING MASS MEDIA IN A PLURALIST DEMOCRACY Nicosia, 16-18 December 1994 Proceedings TABLE OF CONTENTS Opening session ............................................................................................. 5 Introductory statements ........................................................................................................... 5 a. by Mr Michael TRIANTAFYLLIDES, Attorney-General of the Repubic of Cyprus, Vice-President of the European Commission for Democracy through Law......................... 5 b. by Mr Nicolai V. VITRUK, President a.i. of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Associate Member of the European Commission for Democracy through Law 6 c. by Mr Xenios L. XENOPOULOS, President of the Cyprus Bar Association.................. 7 d. by Mr D.G. STYLIANIDES, President of the Supreme Court of Cyprus ....................... 8 e. by Mr Alecos EVANGELOU, Minister of Justice and Public Order ............................ 10 f. by Mr Glafcos CLERIDES, President of the Republic of Cyprus.................................. 13 Mass media and political power in a pluralist democracy ................................. 13 A. Report by Mr Guy DROUOT Institut d'Études Politiques d'Aix-en-Provence University of Aix-Marseille III ................................................................................................................... 14 B. Statements ....................................................................................................................... 20 a. Statement by Prof. Snejana NATCHEVA, Sofia University ......................................... 20 b. Statement by Mr Valentin GROZDANOV, Counsellor, Legal Department, Bulgarian National Assembly............................................................................................................ 24 c. Statement by Prof. Dr. Anatoly B. VENGEROV, President of the Court Chamber on Information Disputes of the Russian Federation ................................................................ 27 d. Statement by Mr Danilo SLIVNIK, Deputy Chief Editor, Journal "Delo" .................... 29 C. Summary of discussion.................................................................................................... 32 Freedom of the press in constitutional practice ................................................ 34 A. Report by Prof. Gabor HALMAI, Legal Adviser at the Hungarian Constitutional Court . 35 a. Statement by Prof. Cesare PINELLI, University of Macerata ....................................... 43 b. Statement by Dr. Kestutis LAPINSKAS, Judge at the Constitutional Court of Lithuania, Member of the European Commission for Democracy through Law................................. 45 c. Statement by Prof. Nicolas V. VITRUK, President a.i. of the Russian Constitutional Court, Associate Member of the European Commission for Democracy through Law...... 48 d. Statement by Mr Aleksey SIMONOV, Glasnost Defense Foundation, Moscow, Russian Federation ......................................................................................................................... 54 e. Statement by Mr Michel ROSSINELLI, Lawyer, Dudan & Richard, Lausanne, Switzerland ....................................................................................................................... 56 f. Statement by Prof. J. J. SOLOZABAL ECHAVARRIA, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid .............................................................................................................................. 65 c. Summary of discussion................................................................................................. 66 Legislative guarantees of a plurality of information sources ............................. 69 a. Report by Mr Karol JAKUBOWICZ, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw Chief Expert, National Broadcasting Council of Poland.................................................... 69 b. Statement by Mr Genc TIRANA, Secretary of the Association of Professional Journalists of Albania........................................................................................................ 83 c. Summary of discussion................................................................................................. 86 The legislative framework of access to an dissemination of official information 89 A. Report by Mr Arthur F. PLUNKETT, Barrister-at-Law, Deputy Senior Legal Assistant, Office of the Attorney General, Dublin ................................................................................. 89 B. Statements ..................................................................................................................... 102 a. Statement by Prof. Paul LEWALLE, Professeur ordinaire at the University of Liège. 102 b. Statement by Ms Marita LILJESTRÖM, Justice Supreme Administrative Court of Finland............................................................................................................................ 128 c. Statement by Ms Ioanna KIKI, Lecturer, Panteios University, Athens........................ 130 d. Summary of discussion .............................................................................................. 132 List of participants .......................................................................................134 Opening session Opening statements by a. Mr Michael TRIANTAFYLLIDES, Attorney- General of the Republic of Cyprus, Vice- President of the European Commission for Democracy through Law b. Mr Nicolai V. VITRUK, President a.i. of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Associate Member of the European Commission for Democracy through Law c. Mr Xenios L. XENOPOULOS, President of the Cyprus Bar Association d. Mr D.G. STYLIANIDES, President of the Supreme Court of Cyprus e. Mr Alecos EVANGELOU, Minister of Justice and Public Order f. Mr Glafcos CLERIDES, President of the Republic of Cyprus Introductory statements a. by Mr Michael TRIANTAFYLLIDES, Attorney-General of the Repubic of Cyprus, Vice-President of the European Commission for Democracy through Law Mr Triantafyllides thanked the European Commission for Democracy through Law for accepting the proposal by the Government of Cyprus to hold a Seminar on Freedom of the Media in Cyprus. The European Commission for Democracy through Law of the Council of Europe, better-known as the Venice Commission due to the place where it meets, has as its mission the safeguarding and consolidating of the democratic institutions in all of Europe and even beyond Europe as in the recent case of the advice given to South Africa on its draft Constitution. The present Seminar was an example of the Commission's work, its aim being to investigate and to determine the limits of freedom of expression and the mass media on the one hand and of constitutional and legislative regulation of the media on the other. He apologised on behalf of the President of the Commission, Mr La Pergola, who should have been at the Seminar but had been prevented by a strike in Italy from coming to Cyprus in time. Mr Vitruk, Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, had replaced Mr La Pergola. b. by Mr Nicolai V. VITRUK, President a.i. of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Associate Member of the European Commission for Democracy through Law It is a great honour for me to address you on the occasion of the opening of this Round Table on the Implementation of the Constitutional Guarantees of Media Freedom in a Pluralist Democracy. Our Commission, the European Commission for Democracy through Law, better known as the Venice Commission due to the place where it meets regularly, is honoured that the Government of the Republic of Cyprus has chosen us as co-organisers of this Round Table at a time when Cyprus has the Chair of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. I think that thanks to the efforts of the Cypriot authorities, in particular our friend Michael Triantafyllides, and of our Commission we have succeeded in bringing an interesting set of people coming from various areas of the law and the media here to Nicosia. The subject of this Round Table, "Freedom of the Media", is extremely topical in all the democracies in Western and in Eastern Europe. The problem of the relationship between the media, in particular television, and political power is common to all democracies, and all countries have to carefully reflect on how to organise their media system. This is the point where our Commission, which mainly deals with constitutional law, comes into play. Which approach has to be chosen, should the legal system simply guarantee the freedom of the media in the hope that competition will prevent undue influence of particular groups, or should the legal system try to guarantee a certain structure of the media, in which there is a balance between private and public law bodies ? These questions have gained an entirely new dimension in recent years in Western Europe due to the technical developments allowing for a large number of broadcasters to reach the private homes of the individual citizens. Earlier, most European countries had public law monopolies on broadcasting or at least a closely-regulated competition between public and a few private broadcasters and this was easily justifiable by the need to allocate the few
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