Hl. Land Beiderseits Des Jordan
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FF II CC SS SS Field Information and Coordination Support Section Division of Operational Services Israel Sources: UNHCR, Global Insight digital mapping © 1998 Europa Technologies Ltd. As of December 2009 Israel_Atlas_A3PC.WOR Dahr al Ahmar Jarba The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the 'Aramtah Ma'adamiet Shih Harran al 'Awamid Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, Qatana Haouch Blass 'Artuz territory, city or area of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its Najha frontiers or boundaries LEBANON Al Kiswah Che'baâ Douaïr Al Khiyam Metulla Sa`sa` ((( Kafr Dunin Misgav 'Am Jubbata al Khashab ((( Qiryat Shemons Chakra Khan ar Rinbah Ghabaqhib Rshaf Timarus Bent Jbail((( Al Qunaytirah Djébab Nahariyya El Harra ((( Dalton An Namir SYRIAN ARAB Jacem Hatzor GOLANGOLAN Abu-Senan GOLANGOLAN Ar Rama Acre ((( Boutaiha REPUBLIC Bi'nah Sahrin Tamra Shahba Tasil Ash Shaykh Miskin ((( Kefar Hittim Bet Haifa ((( ((( ((( Qiryat Motzkin ((( ((( Ibta' Lavi Ash Shajarah Dâail Kafr Kanna As Suwayda Ramah Kafar Kama Husifa Ath Tha'lah((( ((( ((( Masada Al Yadudah Oumm Oualad ((( ((( Saïda 'Afula ((( ((( Dar'a Al Harisah ((( El 'Azziya Irbid ((( Al Qrayyah Pardes Hanna Besan Salkhad ((( ((( ((( Ya'bad ((( Janin Hadera ((( Dibbin Gharbiya El-Ne'aime Tisiyah Imtan Hogla Al Manshiyah ((( ((( Kefar Monash El Aânata Netanya ((( WESTWEST BANKBANK WESTWEST BANKBANKTubas 'Anjara Khirbat ash Shawahid Al Qar'a' -
Jewish Encyclopedia
Jewish Encyclopedia The History, Religion, Literature, And Customs Of The Jewish People From The Earliest Times To The Present Day Volume XII TALMUD – ZWEIFEL New York and London FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY MDCCCCVI ZIONISM: Movement looking toward the segregation of the Jewish people upon a national basis and in a particular home of its own: specifically, the modern form of the movement that seeks for the Jews “a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine,” as initiated by Theodor Herzl in 1896, and since then dominating Jewish history. It seems that the designation, to distinguish the movement from the activity of the Chovevei Zion, was first used by Matthias Acher (Birnbaum) in his paper “Selbstemancipation,” 1886 (see “Ost und West,” 1902, p. 576: Ahad ha – ‘Am, “Al Parashat Derakim,” p. 93, Berlin, 1903). Biblical Basis The idea of a return of the Jews to Palestine has its roots in many passages of Holy Writ. It is an integral part of the doctrine that deals with the Messianic time, as is seen in the constantly recurring expression, “shub shebut” or heshib shebut,” used both of Israel and of Judah (Jer. xxx, 7,1; Ezek. Xxxix. 24; Lam. Ii. 14; Hos. Vi. 11; Joel iv. 1 et al.). The Dispersion was deemed merely temporal: ‘The days come … that … I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof … and I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land” (Amos ix. -
Red Sea Entanglement Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia During the Twelfth Century
DOI: 10.46586/er.11.2020.8826 Entangled Religions 11.5 (2020) License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 er.ceres.rub.de Red Sea Entanglement Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia during the Twelfth Century ADAM SIMMONS Nottingham Trent University, Great Britain ABSTRACT What happens to the ability to retrace networks when individual agents can- not be named and current archaeology is limited? In these circumstances, such networks cannot be traced, but, as this case study will show, they can be reconstructed and their effects can still be witnessed. This article will highlight how Latin European intellectual development regarding the Christian African kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia is due to multiple and far-reaching networks between Latin Europeans, Africans, and other Eastern groups, especially in the wider Red Sea region, despite scant direct evidence for the exis- tence of such extensive intellectual networks. Instead, the absence of direct evidence for Latin European engagement with the Red Sea needs to be situated within the wider devel- opment of Latin European understandings of Nubia and Ethiopia throughout the twelfth century as a result of interaction with varied peoples, not least with Africans themselves. The developing Latin European understanding of Nubia was a result of multiple and varied exchanges. KEYWORDS Crusades, Nubia, Ethiopia, Red Sea, twelfth century, intellectual history Introduction The establishment of the Crusader States at the turn of the twelfth century acted as a catalyst [1] for the development of Latin European knowledge of the wider Levant (e.g., Hamilton 2004). This knowledge was principally gained through direct and indirect interactions with various religious and ethnic groups, each of which acted as individual catalysts for a greater shared development of knowledge. -
Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs Between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948
[Intelligence Service (Arab Section)] June 30, 1948 Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948 Contents 1. General introduction. 2. Basic figures on Arab migration 3. National phases of evacuation and migration 4. Causes of Arab migration 5. Arab migration trajectories and absorption issues Annexes 1. Regional reviews analyzing migration issues in each area [Missing from document] 2. Charts of villages evacuated by area, noting the causes for migration and migration trajectories for every village General introduction The purpose of this overview is to attempt to evaluate the intensity of the migration and its various development phases, elucidate the different factors that impacted population movement directly and assess the main migration trajectories. Of course, given the nature of statistical figures in Eretz Yisrael in general, which are, in themselves, deficient, it would be difficult to determine with certainty absolute numbers regarding the migration movement, but it appears that the figures provided herein, even if not certain, are close to the truth. Hence, a margin of error of ten to fifteen percent needs to be taken into account. The figures on the population in the area that lies outside the State of Israel are less accurate, and the margin of error is greater. This review summarizes the situation up until June 1st, 1948 (only in one case – the evacuation of Jenin, does it include a later occurrence). Basic figures on Arab population movement in Eretz Yisrael a. At the time of the UN declaration [resolution] regarding the division of Eretz Yisrael, the following figures applied within the borders of the Hebrew state: 1. -
The Crusades – from Christian, Jewish and Muslim Perspectives
1. What do the different accounts of the Crusades have in common? What commonalities, if any, do you detect between the religious ideas of the crusaders and those whom they attacked? What were the similarities and what were the differences in the experiences of the Jews in Rhineland cities and the Arabs in Jerusalem? Why do you think the response of the Jews was so different from the response of the Muslims? 2. What reasons does Pope Urban give for urging the Franks to take up arms and go to the Holy Land? What is the tone of his speech in presenting these reasons? Is this a rational appeal, or an emotional one? Or both? How important is religion in the appeal? What motivations other than religious ones does Urban give? Does his presentation of the reasons for this war conform to the requirements for a just war laid out by Augustine and Aquinas [it must (1) be defensive in nature; (2) violence must be proportionate, doing no more violence than it prevents; (3) aim must be the restoration of peace; and (4) be waged by a legal authority]? 3. Does what happened to the Jews in Germany and the Muslims in Jerusalem strike you as a logical outcome of Urban‘s appeal? 4. According to al-Athir‘s narrative, what is the cause of the Crusades to the Holy Land? How does his description of these causes and events compare with the Christian accounts of the launching of the First Crusade? How do you account for the different views of the same events? 5. -
Tiberias A-Happy and
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KAFR KANNA (JEBEL KHUWWEIKHA): IRON II, LATE HELLENISTIC and ROMAN REMAINS a Salvage Excavation Was Carried out in November 20
Hadashot Arkeologiyot— Excavations ans Surveys in Israel 125 KAFR KANNA (JEBEL KHUWWEIKHA): IRON II, LATE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN REMAINS YARDENNA ALEXANDRE INTRODUCTION A salvage excavation was carried out in November 2006 prior to construction on the lower western slope of Jebel Khuwweikha (‘the weak’ or ‘perforated’ hill), a soft, chalky limestone hill rising to the east of the village nucleus of Kafr Kanna in the Lower Galilee (map ref. NIG 232700/739025, OIG 182700/239025; hilltop elevation 350 m asl; Fig. 1:a).1 The site, at an altitude of c. 300 m asl, afforded some protection, although not qualifying as a naturally fortified spot. The moderate slopes were amenable to olive and fruit cultivation, as well as to goat and sheep grazing, whilst fertile agricultural lands were accessible c. 1 km to the north, in the Tur‘an/Bet Rimon Valley. This valley was traversed by the ancient east–west road connecting ‘Akko and Tiberias. The nearest fresh water source, a spring (known as “Kanna spring”), is found south of the village nucleus, about 900 m southeast of, and 80 m lower than, the site (at c. 220 m asl), rendering water carrying a tedious chore. The present-day Jebel Khuwweikha senior inhabitants recall the women’s daily trek to the spring to bring water. The local nari and chalky limestone are well suited for quarrying building stones and cutting out rock-hewn agricultural installations and caves. Several surveys and salvage excavations have been carried out over the past twenty years in the village of Kafr Kanna, which sprawls over several hills (Fig. -
Israeli History
1 Ron’s Web Site • North Shore Flashpoints • http://northshoreflashpoints.blogspot.com/ 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb6IiSUx pgw 3 British Mandate 1920 4 British Mandate Adjustment Transjordan Seperation-1923 5 Peel Commission Map 1937 6 British Mandate 1920 7 British Mandate Adjustment Transjordan Seperation-1923 8 9 10 • Israel after 1973 (Yom Kippur War) 11 Israel 1982 12 2005 Gaza 2005 West Bank 13 Questions & Issues • What is Zionism? • History of Zionism. • Zionism today • Different Types of Zionism • Pros & Cons of Zionism • Should Israel have been set up as a Jewish State or a Secular State • Would Israel have been created if no Holocaust? 14 Definition • Jewish Nationalism • Land of Israel • Jewish Identity • Opposes Assimilation • Majority in Jewish Nation Israel • Liberation from antisemetic discrimination and persecution that has occurred in diaspora 15 History • 16th Century, Joseph Nasi Portuguese Jews to Tiberias • 17th Century Sabbati Zebi – Declared himself Messiah – Gaza Settlement – Converted to Islam • 1860 Sir Moses Montefiore • 1882-First Aliyah, BILU Group – From Russia – Due to pogroms 16 Initial Reform Jewish Rejection • 1845- Germany-deleted all prayers for a return to Zion • 1869- Philadelphia • 1885- Pittsburgh "we consider ourselves no longer a nation, but a religious community; and we therefore expect neither a return to Palestine, nor a sacrificial worship under the sons of Aaron, nor the restoration of any of the laws concerning a Jewish state". 17 Theodore Herzl 18 Theodore Herzl 1860-1904 • Born in Pest, Hungary • Atheist, contempt for Judaism • Family moves to Vienna,1878 • Law student then Journalist • Paris correspondent for Neue Freie Presse 19 "The Traitor" Degradation of Alfred Dreyfus, 5th January 1895. -
Second Memorandum Historical Survey of the Jewish Population in Palestine from the Fall of the Jewish State to the Beginning of Zionist Pioneering
SECOND MEMORANDUM HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE JEWISH POPULATION IN PALESTINE FROM THE FALL OF THE JEWISH STATE TO THE BEGINNING OF ZIONIST PIONEERING. Chapter I: Under Roman and Byzantine Rule. Chapter II: Under Arab Rule. Chapter III: The Crusaders. Chapter IV: The Mamluk Period. Chapter V: Under Turkish Rule. CHAPTER I UNDER THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE RULE. The vivid rhetoric of Josephus Flavius' Jewish Wars and the absence of sources accessible to Western scholars for the later periods, have combined to create an impression in the minds of many people that the fatal issue of the Roman-Jewish war of 66-70 C.E. did not only result in the destruction of the Temple and of the city of Jerusalem, but brought Jewish life in Palestine to a complete standstill by obliterating what remained of the nation. However, even a cursory glance at the Jewish Wars will show that the struggle cannot have been as destructive as is popularly supposed. As shown on map A, Josephus specifically names as destroyed, apart from Jerusalem, four towns out of nearly forty, three districts (toparchies) out of eleven, and five villages. Even in these cases the destruction cannot have been very thorough. Lydda and Jaffa were burnt down by Cestius (Wars II,18,10 and 19,1), yet Jaffa had to be destroyed again (Wars III.9,3), while Lydda apparently continued to exist and surrendered quietly to Vespasian (ib. IV,18,1). The case of Bethannabris and the other villages in the Jordan Valley is even more instructive; burnt down by Placidus (Wars IV.7,5) they continued to flourish in the Talmudic period and remained Jewish strongholds down to the last days of Byzantine power in Palestine, i.e. -
Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Pilgerreise Nach Palästina Und Auf Den Sina in Den Jahren 1217/1218
Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Pilgerreise nach Palästina und auf den Sina in den Jahren 1217/1218 herausgegeben von ULF KOPPITZ, Geretsried Vorbemerkung des Herausgebers S. 121 Edition: Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio S. 127 Anhänge S. 176 Anhang: „Karten und Bilder“ (in der Reihenfolge von Thiet- mars Reise) - Übersichtskarte des Pilgerweges mit Ortsangaben und Verweisen auf Anhänge S. 176 - Übersichtskarte des Pilgerweges, farbige Reliefkarte ohne Ortsangaben, um einen Eindruck von der Land- schaft zu geben S. 177 - Kartenskizze Akkon S. 178 - Historische Ansicht Berg Tabor S. 178 - Karte Damaskus S. 179 - Karte und zwei Bilder des ersten tiefen Wadis im Ostjordanland S. 180 - Ansicht und Grundriss Kerak S. 181 - Zwei Ansichten Monreal/Shaubak S. 182 - Karte des zweiten tiefen Wadis im Ostjordanland S. 183 - Bild eines Wüstentals S. 183 Anhang: „Jordanquellen“ (mit Karte) S. 184 Anhang: „Petra“ (mit Karte und Bildern) S. 191 Anhang: „Pharao-Insel“ (mit Karten und Bildern) S. 194 Anhang: „Katharinenkloster und Mosesberg“ (mit Karte und Bildern) S. 200 Geographische Angaben S. 208 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis S. 214 Concilium medii aevi 14 (2011) 121–221 http://cma.gbv.de,cma,014,2011,a,10.pdf ULF KOPPITZ: Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Vorbemerkungen des Herausgebers Zur Person Thietmars Thietmar(us) – auch Thetmarus, Detmarus und Ditmarus – war ver- mutlich im Sächsischen beheimatet; er muss ein höher gestellter Kleriker gewesen sein. Die Identifizierung mit einem sonst belegten Träger seines Namens ist bisher nicht gelungen. Er könnte der 1220–1221 als Kanoniker am Hl.-Kreuz-Stift in Hildesheim überlieferte Themar sein. Zeitgleich war dort auch Willebrand von Oldenburg, der kurz vor Thiet- mar (1211) ebenfalls eine Pilgerfahrt ins Heilige Land unternommen hatte und darüber in seinem Itinerarium Terrae Sanctae1 berichtet.2 Sein Werk3 ist in insgesamt 19 Handschriften des 13.–15. -
United Nations Conciliation.Ccmmg3sionfor Paiestine
UNITED NATIONS CONCILIATION.CCMMG3SIONFOR PAIESTINE RESTRICTEb Com,Tech&'Add; 1 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH APPENDIX J$ NON - JlXWISHPOPULATION WITHIN THE BOUNDARXESHELD BY THE ISRAEL DBFENCEARMY ON X5.49 AS ON 1;4-,45 IN ACCORDANCEWITH THE PALESTINE GOVERNMENT VILLAGE STATISTICS, APRIL 1945. CONTENTS Pages SUMMARY..,,... 1 ACRE SUB DISTRICT . , , . 2 - 3 SAPAD II . c ., * ., e .* 4-6 TIBERIAS II . ..at** 7 NAZARETH II b b ..*.*,... 8 II - 10 BEISAN l . ,....*. I 9 II HATFA (I l l ..* a.* 6 a 11 - 12 II JENIX l ..,..b *.,. J.3 TULKAREM tt . ..C..4.. 14 11 JAFFA I ,..L ,r.r l b 14 II - RAMLE ,., ..* I.... 16 1.8 It JERUSALEM .* . ...* l ,. 19 - 20 HEBRON II . ..r.rr..b 21 I1 22 - 23 GAZA .* l ..,.* l P * If BEERSHEXU ,,,..I..*** 24 SUMMARY OF NON - JEWISH'POPULATION Within the boundaries held 6~~the Israel Defence Army on 1.5.49 . AS ON 1.4.45 Jrr accordance with-. the Palestine Gp~ernment Village ‘. Statistics, April 1945, . SUB DISmICT MOSLEMS CHRISTIANS OTHERS TOTAL ACRE 47,290 11,150 6,940 65,380 SAFAD 44,510 1,630 780 46,920 TJBERIAS 22,450 2,360 1,290 26,100 NAZARETH 27,460 Xl, 040 3 38,500 BEISAN lT,92o 650 20 16,590 HAXFA 85,590 30,200 4,330 120,520 JENIN 8,390 60 8,450 TULJSAREM 229310, 10 22,320' JAFFA 93,070 16,300 330 1o9p7oo RAMIIEi 76,920 5,290 10 82,220 JERUSALEM 34,740 13,000 I 47,740 HEBRON 19,810 10 19,820 GAZA 69,230 160 * 69,390 BEERSHEBA 53,340 200 10 53,m TOT$L 621,030 92,060 13,710 7z6,8oo . -
Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine
Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District.