DOCSLIB.ORG

Proceedings of the Scientific-Technical Commission

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proceedings of the Scientific-Technical Commission ISSN 1814-2206 International Hop Growers’ Convention I.H.G.C. Proceedings of the Scientific-Technical Commission Bischoffsheim, Alsace, France 7−11 July 2019 Contents I: Hop breeding Hajdu K., Cockerton H.M., He J.Q., Darby P., Harrison R.J. & Armitage A.D.: Cost effective genotyping for 21st century hop breeding 6 Momma T: An attempt to elucidate the mechanism forming a hop lupulin gland for the breeding of a new hop variety in Japan 10 Nesvadba V., Charvatova J. & Stefanova L.: Breeding of aroma hops in the Czech Republic 16 Seigner E., Kneidl J., Ismann D., Kammhuber K. & Lutz A.: The new Hüll aroma hop cultivars – ready for the future in providing enhanced resilience to climatic stress and versatility in brewing 19 Darby P.: Reflections on the changing nature of Wye hop breeding 23 Koie K., Takazumi K., Hamaguchi T., Takoi K., Itoga Y., Uemoto M., Goto M., Ogushi K. & Suda N.: Development of the new flavor hop variety “Furano Magical” 27 Čerenak A., Košir I.J., Oset Luskar M., Jakše J. & Radišek S.: Slovenian hop breeding program – recent advances and challenges caused by citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) 34 Feiner A., Pitra N., Matthews P., Pillen K., Wessjohann L. & Riewe D.: The application of meta- bolomics and genomics in hop breeding 35 II: Hop chemistry Krofta K., Vojtěchová D. & Werschallová M.: Recent development of the content of undesirable and foreign substances in Czech hops 37 III: Phytopathology Radišek S., Guček T., Dobrajc M., Čerenak A., Matoušek J. & Jakše J.: Transmission pathway studies of citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) on hop 39 Štajner N., Radišek S., Kumar Mishra A., Sukumari Nath V., Matoušek J. & Jakše J.: Response of the hop transcriptome after infection with HLVd, CBCVd and their co-infection and estimation of disease severity 40 Werschallová M., Henychová A. & Patzak J.: Molecular-genetic analysis of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) population in Czech hop growing regions 41 Lutz K., Euringer S., Seigner E. & von Tucher S.: Effect of lethal hop wilt strains (Verticillium nonalfalfae) and different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the indicator plant eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) 42 Willaert L., Debode J., Radišek S. & Heungens K.: Molecular detection of Verticillium nonalfalfae in planting material and in the field 45 Gent D.H., Claassen B.J., Gadoury D.M., Grünwald N.J., Knaus B.J., Radišek S., Weldon W.A., Wiseman M. & Wolfenbarger S.N.: Population structure and genetic diversity of Podosphaera macularis 46 IV: Hop cultivation and management Donner P., Pokorný J., Ježek J., Krofta K. & Patzak J.: Influence of weather conditions, irrigation and plant age on yield and alpha-acids content of Czech hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars 52 Naglič B., Cvejić R. & Pintar M.: Hop irrigation in Slovenia – overview and research 53 Alves F., Fandiño M., Mirás-Avalos J.M., Rey B.J., Mota M. & Cancela J.J.: Effects of irrigation on hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cv. Nugget in Galicia: yield and quality aspects 54 Losada R., González X.P., Corral E. & Cancela J.J.: Satellital multispectral images for the management of hop plantations 59 V: Entomology Obermaier M. & Weihrauch F.: Establishment of predatory mites on undersown crops in hop cultivation 64 Rak Cizej M.: Trapview AURA – a light trap with an automated system for the monitoring of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis in hop gardens 68 Weihrauch F., Baumgartner A., Laupheimer S. & Mühlbauer M.: Hop-flea beetle revisited: In search for attractants 70 Preißel S., Kühne S., Kreysa U. & Vogelsang A.: Online identification tool for harmful organisms in hop growing: http://pflanzenschutz.oekolandbau.de 71 1 VI: Molecular investigations on hops Matoušek J., Krofta K., Laub A., Kocábek T., Patzak J., Killi U.K., Mishra A.K., Hagemann M.H., Svoboda P., Wünsche J.N., Wessjohann L. & Koncz C.: Some metabolome changes in hop glandular trichomes due to transgenes HlWRKY/HlWDR1, MBW, gene tissue-specific expression and light 74 Kocábek T., Mishra A.K., Killi U.K., Kumar A., Sukumari N.V., Patzak J., Schoft V. & Matoušek J.: Implication of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in Czech hop genome editing 75 Mishra A.K., Kocábek T., Nath V.S., Mishra D., Kumar A., Killi U.K., Jakše J., Patzak J. & Matoušek J.: Comparative transcriptomic-based gene expression analysis associated with floral leaf transition to lupulin gland development in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) 76 Hagemann M.H. & Wünsche J.N.: Strategy for gene-targeted marker development in hop 77 VII: Hops and brewing Brignier N., Steyer D., Leitao C., Heitz F., Wuchner A. & Laugel B.: Barbe Rouge: impact of hopping method on sensorial and analytical properties of beers 79 Forster A. & Schüll F.: Impact of Climate change on hops – exemplified by the Hallertau growing region 84 Gahr A. & Forster A.: Comparison of Saaz hops grown in two regions in climatically different years 88 Narziß L.: Hops – aspects from variety to technology and beer quality 92 VIII: Hops and health Rivière C.: Specialized metabolites of hop: a great potential for health, in particular to fight bacterial resistance 94 IX: Hops under the Southern Cross Testa H., Trochine A. & Bergamini H.: Overview on Mapuche, Traful and Nahuel, local hop varieties cultivated in Patagonia, Argentina 96 Koutoulis A.: 20+ years of hop research in Australia – a personal retrospective 101 X: Posters Nesvadba V., Patzak J. & Krofta K.: New hop varieties in the Czech Republic 103 Matoušek J., Honys D., Killi U.K., Mishra A.K., Steinbachová L., Kocábek T., Radišek S., Sano T. & Steger G.: Elimination of hop viroids from pollen 104 Mishra A.K., Steinbachová L., Honys D., Sukumari Nath V., Mishra D., Kumar A., Steger G. & Matoušek J.: Some changes in RNA expression caused by hop viroids in pollen 105 Patzak J., Svoboda P., Henychová A. & Malířová I.: The first detection of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) on hop in the Czech Republic 106 Euringer S., Seigner E., Kaindl K., Lutz A. & Baumgartner A.: Eggplant Solanum melongena as indicator plant for Verticillium 107 Kunej U., Jakše J., Petkovšek M.M. & Štajner N.: Identification and differential expression analysis of microRNAs in hop plants (Humulus lupulus L.) in response to Verticillium 108 nonalfalfae infection Jeseničnik T., Štajner N., Radišek S. & Jakše J.: Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of RNA interference core components in Verticillium nonalfalfae, a vascular wilt pathogenic plant fungus of hops 109 Seigner E., Forster B., Lutz A. & Eckl Th.: Detached leaf assay to evaluate downy mildew tolerance of hops 112 Seigner E., Haugg B., Hager P., Enders R., Kneidl J., Lutz A., Seigner L., Einberger K., Abs- meier C., Keckel L. & Liebrecht M.: Realtime PCR based diagnostics and meristem culture – essential tools for healthy hops 114 Vostřel J.: Control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae by predators with the help of released Typhlodromus pyri within IPM and organic hop growing in Saaz hop growing region (eleven years' experience) 115 Vojtěchová D. & Kroupa F.: Pesticide residue analysis of hops (crop 2016 – 2018) 116 Stampfl J., Ebertseder T., Schlagenhaufer A., Fuß S. & Portner J.: Non-destructive assessment of plant nitrogen status in hops using leaf chlorophyll measurements 117 Schlagenhaufer A., Stampfl J., Fuß S., Portner J., Meinken E. & Ebertseder T.: Hop harvest residues: Options for effective usage in terms of nitrogen efficiency 118 Donner P. & Ježek J.: Fertigation as an intensification tool of hop production 119 Participant list 120 2 3 Foreword Almost a quarter of a century has passed since the Scientific-Technical Commission (STC) of the International Hop Growers‘ Convention (IHGC) has met for the last time in France’s most important growing region, the Alsace – in fact, that was in July 1995 in Strasbourg, under the label of ‘Scientific Commission’ then. I as one was rather new in hop research at that time and wasn’t yet mature enough to attend the 1995 meeting, but Bernhard Engelhard already presented results of my trials in his first talk at a Scientific Commission meeting. My very first professional visit to Alsace dates back to the year 2003, when I first met the two ‘Girls from Alsace’, Bernadette Laugel and Michèle Dauger, on site to count spider mites together under Strisselspalt hops… Both Bernadette and Michèle have been the assets of hop research in Alsace then already and still are today, two decades later. And without forgetting all other French IHGC fellows – Bernard Ingwiller, Francis Heitz, Jean-Marc Meyer or Freddy Merkling, to name but a few – who definitely all did a wonderful job in arranging the current meeting as hosts, I suppose it is chiefly the merit of Bernadette and Michèle that the STC is facing such an attractive and well-organised event at a perfect site in beautiful Alsace. Merci infiniment! Due to the great organising of the 2019 STC conference by our French fellows, the interna- tional community of hop scientists is facing another highlight of a meeting under the auspices of the International Hop Growers’ Convention and more than 60 participants from 11 hop- growing nations have registered. We are grateful to all scientists who were ready to enliven our conference by presenting their current work and have submitted an oral presentation or a poster. Altogether, 35 talks have been submitted and will be presented during nine scientific sessions – hop breeding, phytopathology, entomology, hop chemistry, hop cultivation and management, molecular investigations, hops and brewing, hops and health and ‘hops under the Southern Cross’; finally, a poster session presenting 15 posters will make our meeting perfect. In addition to the scientific agenda, an excursion to the Alsace hop fields will give us the opportunity to get to know, or learn much more, about this traditional European hop growing region. We are also expressing our gratitude to the sponsors of our conference; the generous finan- cial backing by Barth-Haas Group, Comptoir Agricole, Hopfenverwertungsgenossenschaft HVG and Hopsteiner supports the mission of the STC and facilitates the participation of many scientists.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Podosphaera Cf. Pruinosa on Rhus Hirta in Germany
    33 Podosphaera cf. pruinosa on Rhus hirta in Germany Herbert Boyle, Uwe Braun, Horst Jage, Volker Kummer & Horst Zimmermann Abstract: Boyle, H., Braun, U., Jage, H., Kummer, V. & Zimmermann, H. 2008: Podosphaera cf. pruinosa on Rhus hirta in Germany. Schlechtendalia 17: 33–38. The introduction of a new powdery mildew disease on Rhus hirta in various parts of Germany (Brandenburg, Rhine-Westphalia, Sachsen-Anhalt and Saxony) is reported. The anamorph found on this host agrees well with the North American Podosphaera pruinosa. Although the teleomorph has not yet been found in Germany and a molecular study has not yet been possible due to the lack of fresh North American material for a comparison, there is little doubt that the European outbreak of the Rhus powdery mildew disease may be referred to as Podosphaera pruinosa. Morphology, taxonomy and distribution of Podosphaera species on Rhus and other hosts of the Anacardiaceae are discussed in detail. Zusammenfassung: Boyle, H., Braun, U., Jage, H., Kummer, V. & Zimmermann, H. 2008: Podosphaera cf. prui-nosa auf Rhus hirta in Deutschland. Schlechtendalia 17: 33–38. Es wird über das Auftreten einer neuen Mehltaukrankheit auf Rhus hirta in verschiedenen Teilen Deutschlands (Brandenburg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt) berichtet. Die auf diesem Wirt gefundene Anamorphe stimmt gut mit der nordamerikanischen Podosphaera pruinosa überein. Obwohl noch keine Teleomorphe in Deutschland gefunden worden ist und ein molekularer Vergleich mangels der Verfügbarkeit nordamerikanischer Aufsammlungen von Frischmaterial noch nicht möglich war, besteht kaum Zweifel, dass der europäische Ausbruch dieser Rhus-Mehltaukrankheit auf P. pruinosa zurückzuführen ist. Morphologie, Taxonomie und Verbreitung von Podosphaera-Arten auf Rhus und anderen Wirten der Anacardiaceae werden im Detail diskutiert.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Plant Pathogen Communities and Their Environmental Drivers at a National Scale
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Characterising plant pathogen communities and their environmental drivers at a national scale A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andreas Makiola Lincoln University, New Zealand 2019 General abstract Plant pathogens play a critical role for global food security, conservation of natural ecosystems and future resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services in general. Thus, it is crucial to understand the large-scale processes that shape plant pathogen communities. The recent drop in DNA sequencing costs offers, for the first time, the opportunity to study multiple plant pathogens simultaneously in their naturally occurring environment effectively at large scale. In this thesis, my aims were (1) to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metabarcoding for the detection and identification of plant pathogens at the ecosystem scale in New Zealand, (2) to characterise plant pathogen communities, and (3) to determine the environmental drivers of these communities. First, I investigated the suitability of NGS for the detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • I ECOLOGY and EPIDEMIOLOGY of PODOSPHAERA MACULARIS
    ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PODOSPHAERA MACULARIS, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF HOP POWDERY MILDEW A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by William Weldon August 2020 i © William Weldon ii ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PODOSPHAERA MACULARIS, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF HOP POWDERY MILDEW William Weldon, Ph. D. Cornell University 2020 Over the past twenty years, hop production has expanded in parallel with the craft brewing industry, resulting in a high-value crop with low tolerance for defect in harvested hop cones. Podosphaera macularis is an ascomycete fungus that causes powdery mildew of hop, which is arguably the most destructive disease with respect to its potential for diminishing yield and cone quality. Historically, research on P. macularis has focused largely on the asexual growth forms of the pathogen, as that is the only phase currently observed in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) US region, where over 96% of US hop production resides. As such, the epidemiology and ecology of the disease with respect to the P. macularis ascigerous stage (chasmothecia) is not well understood, even though this growth form has been reported in most hop growing regions east of the Rocky Mountain range. Furthermore, due to the difficult- to-culture obligately biotrophic nature of the pathogen, there are relatively few molecular tools available to track P. macularis population structure and movement. As such, we developed a library of 54 high-throughput, cost effective amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) molecular markers by re-purposing an existing transcriptome dataset as the source of genetic variation.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Podosphaera Filipendulae
    Mycoscience VOL.62 (2021) MYC553 Short Communication Phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera filipendulae (Erysiphaceae) revisited Shu-Yan Liua, Danni Jina, Monika Götzb, Michael Bradshawc, Miao Liud, Susumu Takamatsue,*, Uwe Braunf a College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China b ‌Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, JKI, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braun- schweig, Germany c USDA-ARS, Food Quality Laboratory, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg. 002, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA d Biodiversity and Bioresources, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada e Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan f Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany ABSTRACT The phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera filipendulae (including P. filipendulensis, syn. nov.) have been examined. Asian, European and North American collections were examined and the nucleotides sequences of their partial rDNA region were determined. In particular, the relationship between P. filipendulae and P. spiraeae was analysed. The results confirmed P. filipendulae and P. spiraeae as two sepa- rate, morphologically similar species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a similar phylogeny to that of the host genera. Although ITS sequences retrieved from Asian, European and North American specimens of P. filipendulae on various Filipendula spp. are identical to sequences from P. macularis on hop, there is consistently one base substitution at the 5’-end of 28S rRNA gene between the species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Silicon on Strawberry Plants and It's Role in Reducing Infection by Podosphaera Aphanis
    The effect of silicon on strawberry plants and it’s role in reducing infection by Podosphaera aphanis Kaneez Fatema Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Hertfordshire School of Life and Medical Sciences Department of Human and Environmental Sciences Hatfield, AL 10 9AB UK July 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to thank all the people who have encouraged and supported me during this period. In particular, I am very grateful to my supervisors, Dr. Avice Hall, and Dr. David Naseby for their constant support, guidance and advice during the course of my PhD. Their expertise in different areas has allowed me to develop a wide range of techniques in the laboratory. I would also like to acknowledge all the academic, technical staff and fellow PhD student of the School of Life and Medical Sciences for creating the right atmosphere that enabled the completion of these studies. I would like to thank Gidon Bahiri (King’s Lynn, Norfolk) to supply Omex SW7 for this experiment and Andy and Helen Barker for carrying out the spraying and special thanks goes to Harriet and Henry Duncafe (Maltmas Farm) who gave extremely generously of their time and contributed significantly to the success of this work and also providing runners and field trial facilities, I appreciate the financial support from Hall Charitable Trust and Charles Wallace Bangladesh Trust, UK. Finally, I would like to thank my husband Dr. Waliul Hoque Chowdhury for his support, patience and encouragement and also my daughter Nahian Chowdhury and son Faiyaj Chowdhury and my parents for their constant support and encouragement throughout the duration of my PhD.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Diversity and Conservation ISSN
    www.biodicon.com Biological Diversity and Conservation ISSN 1308-8084 Online; ISSN 1308-5301 Print 8/3 (2015) 128-146 Research article/Araştırma makalesi Checklist of Powdery mildews (Erysiphales) in Turkey Şanlı KABAKTEPE 1, Vasyl P. HELUTA 2, Ilgaz AKATA 3* 1 İnönü University, Battalgazi Vocational School, Battalgazi, 44210, Malatya, Turkey 2 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska St., UA-01601, Kiev, Ukraine 3 Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Abstract This study presents a checklist of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) of Turkey together with their known host plants. The checklist enumerates 143 species of Erysiphales belonging to 14 teleomorphic and anamorphic genera and it includes 674 host plants species from 322 genera and 72 families. Key words: fungal diversity, microfungi, powdery mildews, Turkey ---------- ---------- Türkiye’nin Külleme mantarları (Erysiphales) kontrol listesi Özet Bu çalışma bilenen konakçı bitkileri ile birlikte Türkiye'nin külleme mantarlarının (Erysiphales) kontrol listesini içermektedir. Kontrol listesinde 14 teliomorf ve anamorf cinse ait 143 tür Erysiphales sıralanmıştır ve 72 familya 322 cins ve 674 konakçı bitki türünü içermektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: mantar çeşitliliği, mikrofunguslar, külleme mantarları, Türkiye 1. Introduction Erysiphales (powdery mildews) in Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota) are represented by 1 family (Erysiphaceae), 16 genera and 873 species (Braun and Cook, 2012). These fungi are widely distributed all over the world and cause diseases on numerous wild and cultivated plants parasitising ca. 10 000 species of Angiosperms only. As a group, powdery mildews are noted for their virulence, causing great losses to crops on a worldwide basis, as well as for their host specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Powdery Mildews of Wales
    The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Wales: Llwydni Blodeuoogg (Eryypsiphales) Cymru: Arthur O. Chater & Ray G. Woods Summary The powdery mildew fungi form a well circumscribed group of parasitic fungi in the Order Erysiphales within the Phylum Ascomycetes (the “spore shooters”). If the host plant can be accurately identified the task of identifying the powdery mildew is relatively easy. Presented here is a catalogue of host plant species and their powdery mildews which have been reported from Wales or which might occur in Wales, with a synopsis of characters to enable a fungus to be identified where more than one occurs on a particular host. Over 700 taxa of powdery mildews are known world-wide with over 166 reported from Britain. Catalogued here by the Vice-counties within Wales in which they occur, are over 122 taxa of powdery mildews. Representatives of all five Tribes of the powdery mildews occur in Wales. As many of the wild host plants diminish in extent, the fungi that are dependent on them grow scarcer. This guide, we hope, will stimulate their study and enable conservation priorities to be established. Crynodeb Ffurfir y ffwng llwydni blodeuog grwp cyfyngiedig o ffyngau parasitig o fewn yr Urdd Erysiphales sydd o fewn y Ffylwm Ascomycetes (y ‘saethwyr sborau’). Os yw planhigion cynhaliol yn cael eu enwi’n gywir, mae’r dasg o enwi y llwydni blodeuog yn weddol hawdd. Wedi ei gyflwyno yma mae catalog o rywogaethau o blanhigion cynhaliol a’u llwydni blodeuol sydd wedi eu cofnodi yng Nghymru neu efallai yn bodoli yng Nghymru, gyda chrynodeb o nodweddion sy’n galluogi i’r ffwng gael ei enwi’n gywir yn yr achosion ble mae mwy nac un yn bodoli ar blanhigyn cynhaliol arbennig.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Sporulation and Dissemination of Podosphaera Macularis, Hop
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Amy B. Peetz for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on July 23, 2007. Title: Understanding Sporulation and Dissemination of Podosphaera macularis, Hop Powdery Mildew. Abstract approved: Walter F. Mahaffee Podosphaera macularis causes one of the most important diseases, powdery mildew, of Humulus lupulus (hop). If left unmanaged, hop powdery mildew can cause total crop loss due to disease or browning of hop cones rendering the cones unmarketable to buyers. The Hop Powdery Mildew Infection Risk Index (HOPS) is heavily relied on for management of the disease. However, HOPS assumes constant inoculum presence, which is not likely to be true. Evidence suggests that temperature fluctuations influence inoculum availability. As such, knowledge of inoculum presence and density and their relationship to environmental conditions may increase management efficacy by reducing pesticide use and cost of crop production. Molecular methods for detecting and quantifying P. macularis were developed and used to analyze air samples taken from hop fields for two seasons. A protocol for DNA extraction from field samples was modified in order to use PCR to detect and quantify P. macularis DNA from the field. Primers and a probe designed to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of P. macularis ribosomal DNA have made inoculum detection possible using both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real- time quantitative PCR (qPCR). DNA extracted from conidia impinged on glass rods coated in silicon grease has been used as template for qPCR, and we have successfully detected as DNA extracted from 10 spores Specific and sensitive detection of P.
    [Show full text]
  • An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented In
    An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Django Grootmyers The Ohio State University April 2021 1 ABSTRACT Fungi are a large and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that play important roles in nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. Fungi are poorly documented compared to plants in Ohio despite 197 years of collecting activity, and an attempt to compile all the species of fungi known from Ohio has not been completed since 1894. This paper compiles the species of fungi currently known from Ohio based on vouchered fungal collections available in digitized form at the Mycology Collections Portal (MyCoPortal) and other online collections databases and new collections by the author. All groups of fungi are treated, including lichens and microfungi. 69,795 total records of Ohio fungi were processed, resulting in a list of 4,865 total species-level taxa. 250 of these taxa are newly reported from Ohio in this work. 229 of the taxa known from Ohio are species that were originally described from Ohio. A number of potentially novel fungal species were discovered over the course of this study and will be described in future publications. The insights gained from this work will be useful in facilitating future research on Ohio fungi, developing more comprehensive and modern guides to Ohio fungi, and beginning to investigate the possibility of fungal conservation in Ohio. INTRODUCTION Fungi are a large and very diverse group of organisms that play a variety of vital roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems: as decomposers (Lindahl, Taylor and Finlay 2002), mycorrhizal partners of plant species (Van Der Heijden et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Н.Б. Андреева Т.М. Копытина N.B. Andreeva Т.М. Kopytina ВИДОВОЙ
    «Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии» - XIII Международная научно-практическая конференция УДК 581.9:582.282.112(571.150) Н.Б. Андреева N.B. Andreeva Т.М. Копытина Т.М. Kopytina ВИДОВОЙ СОСТАВ ERYSIPHACEАЕ Г. БАРНАУЛА (АЛТАЙСКИЙ КРАЙ) SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ERY SIPHACE AE IN BARNAUL (ALTAI TERRITORY) Представлен конспект видов Erysiphaceae, встречающихся в г. Барнауле (Алтайский край). Для 31 вида мучнисто-росяных грибов из родов Erysiphe, Sphaerotheca, Podosphaera, Golovinomyces, Sawa- daea, Blumeria приведены растения-хозяева, синонимика, общее распространение. Сообщается о на­ ходке нового для России вида Erysiphe hydrangeae (Z.X. Chen & R.X. Gao) U. Braun & S. Takam. Урбанизированная среда отличается своеобразием основных экологических факторов, а также спец­ ифическими техногенными воздействиями, угнетающими растения. Среди биотических факторов в город­ ских насаждениях наиболее существенно влияют на растения патогенные организмы, особенно грибы (То- мошевич, 2009). Мучнисто-росяные грибы - обширная группа облигатных паразитов, широко распространенных по всему земному шару. Они вызывают различные заболевания культурных и дикорастущих растений, снижая их урожайность и качество получаемой продукции, а в отдельных случаях приводят к гибели растений (Ги- рилович, 2002). Для решения практических вопросов по защите древесных растений первостепенное значение име­ ют исследования по инвентаризации паразитных организмов в конкретных условиях, которые позволяют научно обосновать необходимые защитные мероприятия. Именно эти сведения представляют
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Distribution of the Mating-Type Locus and Development of Cleistothecia of Podosphaera Macularis
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sierra N. Wolfenbarger for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on May 9, 2014. Title: Identification and Distribution of the Mating-Type Locus and Development of Cleistothecia of Podosphaera macularis. Abstract approved: _____________________________________________________________________ David H. Gent Podosphaera macularis, causal agent of hop powdery mildew, is known to produce cleistothecia (syn. chasmothecia) in eastern North America and Europe, but ascocarps are not reported from the Pacific Northwestern region of North America. Reasons for the apparent absence of cleistothecia in the Pacific Northwest are unknown. We established that P. macularis is heterothallic and that ascocarp ontogeny, maturation, dehiscence, and ascopore infection proceeds similarly to other powdery mildew fungi. Genome sequencing of a MAT1-1 isolate revealed the structure of the MAT1 locus and presence of MAT1-1-3 demonstrating further similarities to other powdery mildew fungi. PCR assays with primers designed from conserved domains of the MAT1 idiomorphs were developed to characterise the frequency of idiomorphs in populations of P. macularis. Amongst 317 samples of P. macularis collected during 2012 and 2013 from the Pacific Northwest only the MAT1-1 idiomorph was found. In contrast, among 56 isolates from the eastern United States and Europe, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were detected at equivalent frequencies. At temperatures representative of late season conditions in the Pacific Northwest, cleistothecia formed readily when a MAT1-1 isolate from the Pacific Northwest was paired with a MAT1-2 isolate collected from outside the region. Although these findings do not encompass all climatic, geographic, or temporal barriers that could inhibit the formation of cleistothecia, the current absence of the ascigerious stage of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Increasing Accuracy of Powdery Mildew (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) Identification Using Previously Untapped DNA Regions
    Increasing accuracy of Powdery Mildew (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) identification using previously untapped DNA regions Thesis submitted for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Oliver Ellingham School of Biological Sciences Plant and Fungal Systematics Research April, 2017 Supervisor: Dr Alastair Culham Declaration: I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. Oliver Ellingham i Abstract The powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are a group of obligate biotrophic fungi found on nearly 10,000 angiosperm plant hosts globally including many that are important horticultural and agricultural plants. Infection can greatly reduce the appearance and vigour of the host therefore reducing attractiveness and yields significantly. A reliable and efficient method is required for unambiguous identification of these often cryptic species such that spread to new areas and/or new hosts can be detected rapidly and controlled early. This research aims to combine currently accepted techniques – host identification, fungal morphological analysis, DNA sequencing of the fungal rDNA ITS region – with sequencing of additional nuclear DNA regions in order to increase the reliability of the identification process via BLAST, DNA Barcoding, and phylogenetic reconstruction. Samples were collected through the Powdery Mildew Survey (a citizen science scheme), begun in 2014 and concluded in 2016. Generic fungal DNA primers were found to amplify non-powdery mildew species, some of which were mycoparasites, as well as powdery mildews, and were therefore not a useful technique for accurate identification of powdery mildews. Consequently specific primers were developed for the amplification of the Actin, β-tubulin, Chitin synthase, Mcm7, Translation elongation factor 1-α, and Tsr1 regions.
    [Show full text]