SARASVATI Epigraphs Volume 7
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Indian Hieroglyphs
Indian hieroglyphs Indus script corpora, archaeo-metallurgy and Meluhha (Mleccha) Jules Bloch’s work on formation of the Marathi language (Bloch, Jules. 2008, Formation of the Marathi Language. (Reprint, Translation from French), New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN: 978-8120823228) has to be expanded further to provide for a study of evolution and formation of Indian languages in the Indian language union (sprachbund). The paper analyses the stages in the evolution of early writing systems which began with the evolution of counting in the ancient Near East. Providing an example from the Indian Hieroglyphs used in Indus Script as a writing system, a stage anterior to the stage of syllabic representation of sounds of a language, is identified. Unique geometric shapes required for tokens to categorize objects became too large to handle to abstract hundreds of categories of goods and metallurgical processes during the production of bronze-age goods. In such a situation, it became necessary to use glyphs which could distinctly identify, orthographically, specific descriptions of or cataloging of ores, alloys, and metallurgical processes. About 3500 BCE, Indus script as a writing system was developed to use hieroglyphs to represent the ‘spoken words’ identifying each of the goods and processes. A rebus method of representing similar sounding words of the lingua franca of the artisans was used in Indus script. This method is recognized and consistently applied for the lingua franca of the Indian sprachbund. That the ancient languages of India, constituted a sprachbund (or language union) is now recognized by many linguists. The sprachbund area is proximate to the area where most of the Indus script inscriptions were discovered, as documented in the corpora. -
3-Art-Of-Indus-Valley.Pdf
Harappan civilization 2 Architecture 2 Drainage System 3 The planning of the residential houses were also meticulous. 4 Town Planning 4 Urban Culture 4 Occupation 5 Export import product of 5 Clothing 5 Important centres 6 Religious beliefs 6 Script 7 Authority and governance 7 Technology 8 Architecture Of Indus Valley Civilisation 9 The GAP 9 ARTS OF THE INDUS VALLEY 11 Stone Statues 12 MALE TORSO 12 Bust of a bearded priest 13 Male Dancer 14 Bronze Casting 14 DANCING GIRL 15 BULL 16 Terracotta 16 MOTHER GODDESS 17 Seals 18 Pashupati Seal 19 Copper tablets 19 Bull Seal 20 Pottery 21 PAINTED EARTHEN JAR 22 Beads and Ornaments 22 Toy Animal with moveable head 24 Page !1 of !26 Harappan civilization India has a continuous history covering a very long period. Evidence of neolithic habitation dating as far back as 7000 BC has been found in Mehrgarh in Baluchistan. However, the first notable civilization flourished in India around 2700 BC in the north western part of the Indian subcontinent, covering a large area. The civilization is referred to as the Harappan civilization. Most of the sites of this civilization developed on the banks of Indus, Ghaggar and its tributaries. Architecture The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro and several other sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation revealed the existence of a very modern urban civilisation with expert town planning and engineering skills. The very advanced drainage system along with well planned roads and houses show that a sophisticated and highly evolved culture existed in India before the coming of the Aryans. -
Sarasvati Civilization, Script and Veda Culture Continuum of Tin-Bronze Revolution
Sarasvati Civilization, script and Veda culture continuum of Tin-Bronze Revolution The monograph is presented in the following sections: Introduction including Abstract Section 1. Tantra yukti deciphers Indus Script Section 2. Momentous discovery of Soma samsthā yāga on Vedic River Sarasvati Basin Section 3. Binjor seal Section 4. Bhāratīya itihāsa, Indus Script hypertexts signify metalwork wealth-creation by Nāga-s in paṭṭaḍa ‘smithy’ = phaḍa फड ‘manufactory, company, guild, public office, keeper of all accounts, registers’ Section 5. Gaṇeśa pratimā, Gardez, Afghanistan is an Indus Script hypertext to signify Superintendent of phaḍa ‘metala manufactory’ Section 6. Note on the cobra hoods of Daimabad chariot Section 7 Note on Mohenjo-daro seal m0304: phaḍā ‘metals manufactory’ Section 8. Conclusion Introduction The locus of Veda culture and Sarasvati Civilization is framed by the Himalayan ranges and the Indian Ocean. 1 The Himalayan range stretches from Hanoi, Vietnam to Teheran, Iran and defines the Ancient Maritime Tin Route of the Indian Ocean – āsetu himācalam, ‘from the Setu to Himalayaś. Over several millennia, the Great Water Tower of frozen glacial waters nurtures over 3 billion people. The rnge is still growing, is dynamic because of plate tectonics of Indian plate juttng into and pushing up the Eurasian plate. This dynamic explains river migrations and consequent desiccation of the Vedic River Sarasvati in northwestern Bhāratam. Intermediation of the maritime tin trade through the Indian Ocean and waterways of Rivers Mekong, Irrawaddy, Salween, Ganga, Sarasvati, Sindhu, Persian Gulf, Tigris-Euphrates, the Mediterranean is done by ancient Meluhha (mleccha) artisans and traders, the Bhāratam Janam celebrated by R̥ ṣi Viśvāmitra in R̥ gveda (RV 3.53.12). -
Unit 6 Material Characteristics
UNIT 6 MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS Structure Objectives Introduction From Villages to Towns.and Cities Harappan Civilization : Sources Geographical Spread Important Centres 6.5.1 Harappa 6.5.2 Mohenjodaro 6.5.3 Kalibangan 6.5.4 Lothal 6.5.5 Sutkagen-Dor Material Characteristics 6.6.1 Town-Planning 6.6.2 Pottery 6.6.3 Tools and Implements- 6.6.4 Arts and Crafts 6.6.5 The Indus Script 6.6.6 Subsistence Pattern Let Us Sum Up Key Words Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 6.0 OBJECTIVES This Unit deals with the geographical extent and the material features of the Harappan Civilization. It describes the main sites of Harappan Civilization as well as the material remains which characterised these sites. After reading this Unit you should be able to : understand that there was continuity of population and material traditions between the Early Harappan and Harappan Civilization. know about the geographical and climatic aspects of the settlement pattern of Harappan Civilization, describe the specific geographical, climatic and subsistence related characteristics of the important centres of Harappan Civilization. learn about the material features of the impoitant Harappan sites and specially the uniformities in the material features of these sites. 6.1 INTRODUCTION In this Unit we discuss the geographical spread and material characteristics of the Harappan Civilization which aroge on the foundation of pastoral and agricultuial communities and small townships. It refers to the continuity of the population and material traditions between Early Harappan and Harappan Civilization. The geographical spread of Harappan Civilization with special reference to some important centres has been highlighted. -
Arts of the Indus Valley
2 ARTS OF THE INDUS VALLEY HE arts of the Indus Valley Civilisation emerged during Tthe second half of the third millennium BCE. The forms of art found from various sites of the civilisation include sculptures, seals, pottery, jewellery, terracotta figures, etc. The artists of that time surely had fine artistic sensibilities and a vivid imagination. Their delineation of human and animal figures was highly realistic in nature, since the anatomical details included in them were unique, and, in the case of terracotta art, the modelling of animal figures was done in an extremely careful manner. The two major sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation, along the Indus river—the cities of Harappa in the north and Mohenjodaro in the south—showcase one of earliest examples of civic planning. Other markers were houses, markets, storage facilities, offices, public baths, etc., arranged in a grid-like pattern. There was also a highly developed drainage system. While Harappa and Mohenjodaro are situated in Pakistan, the important sites excavated in India are Lothal and Dholavira in Gujarat, Rakhigarhi in Haryana, Bust of a bearded priest Ropar in Punjab, Kalibangan in Rajasthan, etc. Stone Statues Statues whether in stone, bronze or terracotta found in Harappan sites are not abundant, but refined. The stone statuaries found at Harappa and Mohenjodaro are excellent examples of handling three-dimensional volumes. In stone are two male figures—one is a torso in red sandstone and the other is a bust of a bearded man in soapstone—which are extensively discussed. The figure of the bearded man, interpreted as a priest, is draped in a shawl coming under the right arm and covering the left shoulder. -
Haryana Chapter Kurukshetra
Panchkula Yamunanagar INTACH Ambala Haryana Chapter Kurukshetra Kaithal Karnal Sirsa Fatehabad Jind Panipat Hisar Sonipat Rohtak Bhiwani Jhajjar Gurgaon Mahendragarh Rewari Palwal Mewat Faridabad 4 Message from Chairman, INTACH 08 Ambala Maj. Gen. L.K. Gupta AVSM (Retd.) 10 Faridabad-Palwal 5 Message from Chairperson, INTACH Haryana Chapter 11 Gurgaon Mrs. Komal Anand 13 Kurukshetra 7 Message from State Convener, INTACH Haryana Chapter 15 Mahendragarh Dr. Shikha Jain 17 Rohtak 18 Rewari 19 Sonipat 21 Yamunanagar 22 Military Heritage of Haryana by Dr. Jagdish Parshad and Col. Atul Dev SPECIAL SECTION ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND RAKHIGARHI 26 Urban Harappans in Haryana: With special reference to Bhiwani, Hisar, Jhajjar, Jind, Karnal and Sirsa by Apurva Sinha 28 Rakhigarhi: Architectural Memory by Tapasya Samal and Piyush Das 33 Call for an International Museum & Research Center for Harrapan Civilization, at Rakhigarhi by Surbhi Gupta Tanga (Director, RASIKA: Art & Design) MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN INTACH Over 31 years from its inception, INTACH has been dedicated towards conservation of heritage, which has reflected in its various works in the field of documentation of tangible and intangible assets. It has also played a crucial role in generating awareness about the cultural heritage of the country, along with heritage awareness programmes for children, professionals and INTACH members. The success of INTACH is dedicated to its volunteers, conveners and members who have provided valuable inputs and worked in coordination with each other. INTACH has been successful in generating awareness among the local people by working closely with the local authorities, local community and also involving the youth. There has been active participation by people, with addition of new members every year. -
Tracing the Tradition of Sartorial Art in Indo-Pak Sub-Continen
TRACING THE TRADITION OF SARTORIAL ART IN INDO-PAK SUB-CONTINEN ZUBAIDA YOUSAF Abstract The study of clothing in Pakistan as a cultural aspect of Archaeological findings was given the least attention in the previous decades. The present research is a preliminary work on tracing the tradition of sartorial art in the Indo-Pak Sub-Continent. Once the concept of the use of untailored and minimal drape, and unfamiliarity with the art of tailoring in the ancient Indus and Pre Indus societies firmly established on the bases of early evidences, no further investigation was undertaken to trace the history of tailored clothing in remote antiquity. Generally, the history of tailored clothing in Indo-Pak Sub-Continent is taken to have been with the arrival of Central Asian nations such as Scythians, Parthians and Kushans from 2nd century BC and onward. But the present work stretches this history back to the time of pre-Indus cultures and to the Indus Valley Civilization. Besides Mehrgarh, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, many newly exposed proto historic sites such as Mehi, Kulli, Nausharo, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Bhirrana, Banawali etc. have yielded a good corpus of researchable material, but unfortunately this data wasn’t exploited to throw light on the historical background of tailored clothing in the Indo-Pak Sub-Continent. Though we have scanty evidences from the Indus and Pre-Indus sites, but these are sufficient to reopen the discussion on the said topic. Keywords: Indus, Mehrgarh, Dholavira, Kulli, Mehi, Kalibangan, Harappa, Mohenjao- Daro, Clothing, Tailoring. 1 Introduction The traced history of clothing in India and Pakistan goes back to the 7th millennium BC. -
Territorial Expansion and Primary State Formation INAUGURAL ARTICLE
Territorial expansion and primary state formation INAUGURAL ARTICLE Charles S. Spencer1 Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024-5192 Contributed by Charles S. Spencer, February 26, 2010 (sent for review January 12, 2010) This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2007 A major research problem in anthropology is the origin of the state munal feasts, dance societies, village festivals, war parties, ritual and its bureaucratic form of governance. Of particular importance fraternities, and the like (16, 17). for evaluating theories of state origins are cases of primary state In rank societies or chiefdoms, authority is permanently cen- formation, whereby a first-generation state evolves without con- tralized in the office of chief, which exists apart from the person tact with any preexisting states. A general model of this process, who occupies it and upon his death must be filled by someone the territorial-expansion model, is presented and assessed with of similarly elite descent (15); high status is largely inherited, as archaeological data from six areas where primary states emerged in Weber’s traditional form of authority. Decisions can be made in antiquity: Mesoamerica, Peru, Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus more quickly in a chiefdom than they can in uncentralized Valley, and China. In each case, the evidence shows a close societies, although chiefly authority is usually much more correspondence in time between the first appearance of state expensive to maintain. Chiefs support themselves and their ret- institutions and the earliest expansion of the state’s political- inues through the mobilization of surplus resources within their economic control to regions lying more than a day’s round-trip domain and the management of this political economy is a key from the capital. -
An AZ Companion to Ancient Egyptian Architecture Free
FREE THE MONUMENTS OF EGYPT: AN A-Z COMPANION TO ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE PDF Dieter Arnold | 288 pages | 30 Nov 2009 | I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd | 9781848850422 | English | London, United Kingdom Art of ancient Egypt - Wikipedia Egyptian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to an Egyptian person. Often, things which are discovered for the first time, are also called "inventions", and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. Below is a list of such inventions. Furniture became common first in Ancient Egypt during the Naqada culture. During that period a wide variety of furniture pieces were invented and used. Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in[] enabled the practical use of metal—oxide—semiconductor MOS transistors as memory cell storage elements, a function previously served by magnetic cores. MOSFET scaling and miniaturization see List of semiconductor scale examples have been the primary factors behind the rapid exponential growth of electronic semiconductor technology since the s, [] as the rapid miniaturization of MOSFETs has been largely responsible for the increasing The Monuments of Egypt: An A-Z Companion to Ancient Egyptian Architecture densityincreasing performance and decreasing power consumption of integrated circuit chips and electronic devices since the s. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from List of egyptian inventions and discoveries. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. June Archived from the original on Archived from the original PDF on January A history of ancient Egypt. Shaw, Ian, —. Oxford, UK: — Mark 4 November Ancient History Encyclopedia. -
BEADS of MYANMAR (BURMA) Line Decorated Beads Amongst the Pyu and Chin
INDIA \ { / CHINA .~ .~ ')• Qj' /J }. I ) --..-: iV·-· (/ ( \ :z:! r-' ......... :\ ~ \ . ~· ~ Q ' \ (1) < \ Ayadaw.~ / o...J "- rJ' (Monywai) \ .--.'l__ ~ ( • Kadaw • • Am arapura (Taungthaman ) • 00 Tanaung Daing • • Maingmaw '1...--../' /-~ Pagan • • Waddi •Pinle f" • Beinnaka -!:7 Pyawbwee •Nyaungyan ,/ LAOS Taungdwingyi • Yamethin \"·AJ'· • • • Tatkon .- ) Beikthano \......-. ) Shrikshetra • (Prome) • Chiang Mai • Thegon \ ( '.../ Kyaikka.tha "-. \ • Thaton ") • Hwawbi \) (Sa npa~ago) j ,,..> \ THAILAND \ •Thagara (Tavoy) \ J Andaman Sea \ \ "t / / ( 0 200 km I Figure 1. Ancient bead sites of Myanmar. BEADS OF MYANMAR (BURMA) Line Decorated Beads Amongst the Pyu and Chin ELIZABETH MOORE AND U AUNG MYINT ILLUSTRATIONS BY ROBERT MOORE AND U AUNG MYINT SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Introduction The most common line decorated bead shape, whether ancient or modern, is spherical. Repetition of patterns on vari ous bead forms, however, suggests that designs were signifi The use of beads is common amongst many of the ethnic groups cantwhatever the shape. The Pyu sites ofMaingmaw(: ~~:Gen.) of Myanmar. Antique beads are valued for their inherent ances and Waddi (o ~: ), for example, are some sixty kilometres tral potency, and are used together with newer beads. This apart but possess almost identical sets of beads (see map 2). The combination of ancient and modern is particularly striking importance of pattern is also borne out by finds of black Pyu amongst the Chin peoples. Old beads favoured by the Chin beads with white lines made by three different techniques: originate from Pyu and Mon sites dated to the early first painting, incising, and an alkali resist. In the first technique, the millenniumA.D.1 Theseincludezoomorphicaswellasgeomet white lines are painted on the surface. -
CONCEIVING the GODDESS an Old Woman Drawing a Picture of Durga-Mahishasuramardini on a Village Wall, Gujrat State, India
CONCEIVING THE GODDESS An old woman drawing a picture of Durga-Mahishasuramardini on a village wall, Gujrat State, India. Photo courtesy Jyoti Bhatt, Vadodara, India. CONCEIVING THE GODDESS TRANSFORMATION AND APPROPRIATION IN INDIC RELIGIONS Edited by Jayant Bhalchandra Bapat and Ian Mabbett Conceiving the Goddess: Transformation and Appropriation in Indic Religions © Copyright 2017 Copyright of this collection in its entirety belongs to the editors, Jayant Bhalchandra Bapat and Ian Mabbett. Copyright of the individual chapters belongs to the respective authors. All rights reserved. Apart from any uses permitted by Australia’s Copyright Act 1968, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the copyright owners. Inquiries should be directed to the publisher. Monash University Publishing Matheson Library and Information Services Building, 40 Exhibition Walk Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia www.publishing.monash.edu Monash University Publishing brings to the world publications which advance the best traditions of humane and enlightened thought. Monash University Publishing titles pass through a rigorous process of independent peer review. www.publishing.monash.edu/books/cg-9781925377309.html Design: Les Thomas. Cover image: The Goddess Sonjai at Wai, Maharashtra State, India. Photograph: Jayant Bhalchandra Bapat. ISBN: 9781925377309 (paperback) ISBN: 9781925377316 (PDF) ISBN: 9781925377606 (ePub) The Monash Asia Series Conceiving the Goddess: Transformation and Appropriation in Indic Religions is published as part of the Monash Asia Series. The Monash Asia Series comprises works that make a significant contribution to our understanding of one or more Asian nations or regions. The individual works that make up this multi-disciplinary series are selected on the basis of their contemporary relevance. -
Université D'antananarivo École Supérieure Polytechnique Département Électronique
N° ... / EN / II / 01 Année Universitaire : 2000 / 2001 UNIVERSITÉ D'ANTANANARIVO ÉCOLE SUPÉRIEURE POLYTECHNIQUE DÉPARTEMENT ÉLECTRONIQUE MÉMOIRE DE FIN D'ÉTUDES en vue de l'obtention du diplôme d'ingénieur Spécialité : Électronique Option : Informatique Industrielle Présenté par : M. RAKOTOZAFY Iandrinandrianina Tolojanahary M. RAZAFINDRADINA Henri Bruno Soutenu le 17 septembre 2002 DEVELOPPEMENT D’UN CRYPTOSYSTEME SOUS LINUX MÉMOIRE D’INGÉNIEUR EN ÉLECTRONIQUE Option : Informatique Industrielle Présenté par : M. RAKOTOZAFY Iandrinandrianina Tolojanahary M. RAZAFINDRADINA Henri Bruno Devant le jury : · M. RASTEFANO Elisée : Président · M. RABESANDRATANA ANDRIAMIHAJA Mamisoa : Examinateur · M. RAKOTOMIRAHO Soloniaina : Examinateur · M. RATSIMBA MAMY Nirina : Examinateur Rapporteur : Mme RABEHERIMANANA Lyliane Irène Soutenu le 17 septembre 2002 Remerciements Le présent travail n’a pu être accompli sans le concours d’un certain nombre de personnes. Ainsi tenions-nous à exprimer notre haute et fidèle considération : · A Monsieur RASTEFANO Elisée, Chef du Département Electronique et Président de ce mémoire, qui n’a cessé de chercher voies et moyens, parmi les meilleurs qui soient, pour assurer notre formation. · A Madame RABEHERIMANANA Lyliane Irène, Enseignant Chercheur à l’E.S.P.A. et rapporteur de ce mémoire. En dépit de ses multiples responsabilités, elle n’a nullement ménagé son temps pour nous guider ou pour nous faire part de ses précieux conseils et directives. · Aux examinateurs : M. RABESANDRATANA ANDRIAMIHAJA Mamisoa, M. RAKOTOMIRAHO Soloniaina, M. RATSIMBA MAMY Nirina qui, malgré la pluralité de leurs services socio-professionnels ainsi que d’autres obligations, ont accepté de siéger parmi les membres du jury. Notre considération s’adresse également à tous les Enseignants du Département Electronique. Ils nous ont partagé leur savoir-faire en matière de technologie électronique, informatique et de gestion, ainsi que tout ce qui touche les compétences et valeurs humaines, morales et sociales escomptées de l’ingénieur.