INNOVATION IN AVIATION
W I R E In the beginning there was desire, which
was the first seed of mind…
-Hymn of Creation, The Rig Veda DESIRE OF FLIGHT
SINCE GENESIS, MANKIND HAS ALWAYS BEEN OBSESSED WITH THE DESIRE OF FLIGHT. THE REASON FOR THIS OBSESSION CAN BE RELATED TO THE MINDSET OF PEOPLE, FOR WHOM FLIGHT WAS SYNONYMOUS WITH POWER, FREEDOM AND DIVINITY THAT PROVIDED AN INDIVIDUAL, EUPHORIA OF BEING SUPERHUMAN. THE OBSESSION THAT WOULD ALLOW THEM TO SHUN THE TROUBLES OF THE WORLD, MAKE THEM AS FREE AS A BIRD AND BE CLOSER TO THE GODS THAT REIGNED ABOVE THE CLOUDS.
This obsession and passion to fly can be found in many The desire of successful and prolonged flight could mythological reproductions too. There are various only be satiated by inventing a machine that could take instances where the means and methods of flying have off under its own power, provide sustain prolonged been described in mythological scripts. We find flight and could be controlled during flight. In the references of Ravana's flying chariot “Pushpaka” and modern world, although the attempts were repetitive, “mechanical bird” being mentioned in Rig Veda (verses the first eureka moment was December 17, 1903 when 1.164.47-48) of Indian mythology. Similarly, other Wright Brothers finally made an aircraft that completed mythologies like Greek's, mention the winged divine four successful flights, and became the first aircraft to stallion “Pegasus” and “Icarus” who wore the wings take off under its own power. Since then, there have made from feathers and wax for the flight of freedom. been thousands of aircrafts with advanced technologies These and many other such abstracts played an in all possible aspects to conquer the sky and make important role in refueling the desire of successful and flying a safe and pleasurable experience. prolonged flight. www .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 1 | 2015 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
The Indian aviation industry is on its way to The aviation sector supports 1.7 million INR 7.1 billion through taxation of explore new growth avenues. India has a jobs in India. This total comprises: 276,000 activities supported by the spending of vision of becoming the third largest jobs directly supported by the aviation employees of both the aviation sector and aviation market by 2020. With such a vision, sector; 841,000 jobs indirectly supported its supply chain. the Aviation Industry has implemented through the aviation sector's supply chain; several changes to augment development; and 605,000 jobs supported through the As per the market size, the Indian civil such measures include Foreign Direct spending by the employees of the aviation aviation industry is amongst the top 10 in Investments (FDI), launching Low Cost sector and its supply chain. the world a size around USD 16 billion. Carriers (LCC), Modernizing airports with However, in order to achieve the vision of latest technologies and establishing new becoming the third largest aviation market routes to improve regional connectivity. by 2020, a lot more needs to be done.
The aviation sector contributes annually · 9th largest aviation market in the world; INR 330 billion (0.5%) to Indian GDP. This · Aiming to be 3rd largest by 2020; in total comprises: INR 147 billion directly · Operating via 450 airlines and expected to add another 800 by 2020; contributed through the output of the · 85 international and approximately 12 domestic airlines currently operating ; aviation sector (airlines, airports and ground · Connecting 4o countries across the globe; services); INR 107 billion indirectly · Permitting 100% FDI for green field airport projects; contributed through the aviation sector's · Allowing 100% foreign equity in airport development; supply chain; and INR 77 billion · Expecting growth in domestic and international passenger traffic at an contributed through the spending by the average annual rate of 12% , and 8% in next five years; and employees of the aviation sector and its · Supporting 1.7 million jobs in India. supply chain. In addition there is INR 582 billion in “catalytic” benefits through Contribution to public finances, the tourism, which raises the overall aviation sector pays over INR 87.5 billion in contribution to INR 912 billion i.e. 1.5% of tax including income tax receipts from
GDP. employees, social security contributions and www
corporate tax levied on profits. It is .patentwire estimated that an additional INR 9.8 billion of government revenue is raised via aviation sector's supply chain and another .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 2 | 2015 Major Players
The Indian aviation industry is largely dominated by global players, especially relating to the matters of design and introducing new technologies. The Indian companies are tattering when it comes to global competition and need -to revolutionize their efforts in the sectors of research and development, to reach the benchmark in global aviation market.
Indian Players
The Indian players those are largely involved in aircraft manufacturing do not engage in technologies related to aerodynamics, engine, alternative fuel formulation, air traffic system, and air port development. The main aircraft manufacturing companies in India are:
1. Aeronautical Development Agency- It is the nodal current program is involved in the production of SU-30 agency for design and development of Light Combat MKI, Hawk- AJT, Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), DO- Aircrafts. Its working centers are spread across the 228 Aircraft, Dhruv- ALH and Cheetal Helicopters, Country. Repair Overhaul of Jaguar, Kiran, Mirage, HS-748, AN- 2. Aequs Aerospace- It focuses mainly on AeroStructures 32, MiG 21 etc. The Company provides maintenance and AeroSystems. It specializes in precision machining and overhauling services. In addition, facilities exist for and houses several interrelated capabilities that are either repair/ overhaul of various accessories and avionics unavailable in India or are difficult to assemble in one fitted on aircraft of Russian, Western and Indigenous location. This is the first company in India to ship Airbus designs. A-380 Wing Assemblies. The main clientele include 6. Indian Air Force, Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Airbus, Eaton Aerospace and UTAS. Kanpur- The only Base Repair Depot of the Indian Air 3. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) – It is an Force exists at Kanpur, along with a Repair and integrated power plant equipment manufacturer and one Manufacturing Depot (RMD). A unit called Aircraft of the largest engineering and manufacturing company Manufacturing Depot (AMD) was subsequently added in India. It is also engaged in designing, engineering, to undertake manufacture of the AVRO aircraft. This manufacturing, constructing, testing, commissioning Maintenance Command was set up to provide and servicing a wide range of products and services maintenance support to operating bases by undertaking when it comes to aircraft manufacturing for the economy overhauling and repair function for aircraft, aero liners. engines, ground equipment, radar and missiles and 4. CSIR- National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR- warehousing of stores required during peace and war. NAL) – It's mandate is to develop aerospace 7. Mahindra Aerospace Pvt. Ltd. - Mahindra Aerospace technologies in designing and building, small and is dedicated to the production and innovation of the medium –sized civil aircrafts like HANSA-3, SARAS, C- utility aircraft and aero structures that meet the varied NM5 in association with M/s. Mahindra Aerospace Pvt. needs of the global market. Ltd., Bangalore, and support all national aerospace 8. Taneja Aerospace & Aviation Ltd. – It is the First programs. CSIR-NAL marks the first public-private private sector Company in the country manufacturing partnership in aircraft development. It has been made general aviation aircraft i.e. non military aircraft. The the lead agency by the Government of India for carrying company's mission is to boost up the affordable general out feasibility study for the development of a National aviation in the country. Therefore, the company is into Civil Aircraft (70 & 90 seater for regional connectivity) manufacturing Light Transport and Trainer Aircraft and proposed to be developed during 12th FYP (Five Year is having a significant presence in many segments of the Plan) and beyond. aviation and aeronautical industries in India. 5. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Bangalore- It is wholly owned by Government of India, which under the www .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 3 | 2015 Global Players
Majorly, 10 companies dominate the world in aviation sector. Indian aviation sector is also controlled by these global players:
1. Boeing - $42.5bn 6. BAE Systems - $12.91bn The Boeing's revenue was $42.5bn in the first half of BAE Systems is an International defense, aerospace and 2014, while its net profit during the same period was security company BAE Systems, headquartered in $2.61bn. Headquartered in Chicago, Boeing is the London, reported sales of $12.91bn and net profit of biggest combined manufacturer of commercial jets and $736m in the first half of 2014. BAE delivers products military aircraft. Its business segments include Defense, and services in areas of defense, security, electronics and Space & Security; Commercial Airplanes; Boeing Capital; systems integration, cyber and intelligence, military, IT and Shared Services Group. The company's product line and information systems. passenger aircraft are such as the 737, 747, 767, 777 and 7. Northrop Grumman - $11.88bn 787. Northrop Grumman recorded $11.88bn revenue in 2. Airbus Group - $36bn 2014. Northrop Grumman offers systems, products and The Airbus Group's (formerly EADS) revenue in the services for defense and commercial customers in first half of 2014 was $36bn, while net income was sectors such as unmanned systems, cyber security, $1.52bn.The European aerospace and defence C4ISR, and logistics. E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, Global INDUSTRYconglomerate OVERVIEWincludes Airbus, Airbus Defense and Hawk, and MQ-8 Fire Scout are some of the manned Space, and Airbus Helicopters, and has a strong and unmanned aircraft offered by Northrop Grumman. employee base of 140,000 people all across the globe. 8. Raytheon - $11.2bn The Group's diverse product portfolio includes Raytheon reported net sales of $11.2bn for the first half commercial and military fixed-wing aircraft and of 2014. Income attributable to the company for the helicopters such as Eurofighter Typhoon, A380, A350 same period was $1.14bn. Raytheon is an international XWB, A330 MRTT and A400M. aerospace and defense company offering products for 3. Lockheed Martin - $21.95bn defense and commercial customers. The Lockheed Martin reported net sales of $21.95bn for 9. Safran Group - $9.65bn the first half of 2014. Net earnings of the company Safran Group's revenues in the first half of 2014 stood at $1.82bn for the same period. It develops and accounted for $9.65bn. Safran is an international (high- produces Aircrafts, Land Vehicles, Unmanned Systems, technology group) and a top class component provider Missiles and Guided Weapons, Missile Defense Systems, to the aerospace, defense and security industries. Safran Sensors and Radars, Naval Systems, Satellites, Launch operates three major businesses including aerospace, Vehicles and Spacecraft, IT Systems and emerging defense and security. technologies. 10. Rolls-Royce Holdings-$9.15bn 4. United Technologies Corporation (UTC) - $17.3bn In the first half of 2014, Rolls-Royce net profit The United Technologies recorded net sales of $17.3bn amounted to $652m.Rolls-Royce is the second biggest from its aerospace and defense businesses, which supplier of aero-engine products and services for accounted for over 50% of its net sales in the first half of defence sector. Rolls-Royce is the major supplier of 2014. UTC's diverse product base constitutes of engines for wide-body airliners and corporate jets commercial and military helicopters, aircraft engines and markets. The company offers engines for transport propulsion systems, aircraft systems and components. aircraft, combat aircraft, patrol aircraft, trainers, 5. General Dynamics Corporation - $14.73bn helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. General Dynamics Corporation earned revenues of $14.73bn in the first half of 2014. The net earnings for the same period stood at $1.13bn. The four core business groups of General Dynamics are Aerospace Systems, Combat Systems, Information Systems and Technology, and Marine Systems. www .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 4 | 2015 Major Segments
The aviation sector produces a comprehensive range of components which includes:
Airframe: Airframe is the mechanical Air Engine: Engine is the key component Airport development: Airport develop- structure of an aircraft. It combines of an aircraft. Aircraft uses several kinds of ment includes technology for aircraft route aerodynamics, composites and light engines, but they can all be classified in two development, aircraft runway development, materials, on-board systems, and new frame major categories viz. propeller driven piston airport infrastructure development, aircraft designs for aircrafts. engines and a form of jet engine. parking and passenger's security and management tools. Aircraft controller: Aircraft controller Fuselage: Fuselage includes that portion comprises of horizontal and vertical Aircraft Manufacturing: Aircraft Manu- of the aircraft that usually contains the crew stabilizer, elevator, rudder, aileron, flap, facturing includes design, engineering, and payload, either passenger, cargo, or cabin and cockpit. manufacturing, construction, testing, weapons. Most fuselages are long, maintaining, commissioning and servicing cylindrical tubes or sometimes rectangular Propulsion & Fuel: Propulsion & Fuel of aircraft. box shapes. All of the other major includes aircraft fuel technologies, Electric components of the aircraft are attached to motors, fuel storage and supply system, the fuselage. jet/turbofan engines, piston, international combustion engine and turboprop engines. Wing: The wing is the most important part of an aircraft since it produces the lift that Air traffic system: Air traffic system allows a plane to fly. The wing is made up of includes new electronic and operational data, signaling management, navigation two halves, left and right, when viewed from technology, radar, surveillance, data behind. These halves are connected to each recorders, defense system and performance other by means of the fuselage. systems. www .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 5 | 2015 SUCCESS MANTRA: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
To sustain in long run and in competitive business environment, acquiring IP Rights is the best success mantra known to all. However, during foundation period many organizations forget this mantra and in long run they fail to survive due to sudden technological drift in the market.
Innovation is the key ingredient for the Although, the history never denied the Improvement and innovation are the key development of any technological field or contribution of Galileo Galilei, Christiaan factors for the success and survival of any industry. The same goes with aviation Huygens, Issac Newton and many more, business. Intellectual Property Rights and industry too. The innovations and findings but the credit for a successful flight is always associated strategies have always been a by various scientists prior to Wright given to the Wright Brothers. success mantra for any organization Brothers gained nothing monetarily but whether it's an old and big organization or a they are the one who gave Wright Brothers Since this breakthrough, in another 112 new and small organization or an upcoming the power in terms of knowledge to take off years mankind has subsequently developed organization. The most common ingredient and to conquer the everlasting human desire small airbuses to MiG's to Superjet's, and of success of all business giants is their of flight. Galileo Galilei, Christiaan travelled further from moon to mars. This Intellectual Property (IP) and its proper & Huygens, and Sir Issac Newton simplified breakthrough invention has resulted into a strategic protection followed by the understanding between resistance and series of innovation and created a healthy enforcement and commercialization. IP has surface area of an object exposed to the competition amongst the innovators to become an integral and essential part of stream and the density of a fluid. Further, innovate and further reap the benefits of business plans and budgets of aviation research on relationship between pressure true intellect. Intellectual Property Rights business houses. and velocity by Swiss mathematicians have played an important role in keeping the “Now, Business development Daniel Bernoulli, Leonhard Euler and right pace of development and proliferation and Intellectual Property Rights British engineer John Smeaton laid the seed of this technical field; and in return has can be interlinked in many of mind to abridge the gap between physical provided a successful business tool to the ways” theory, engineering research, and the age- innovators and creators of the technology. old dream of flight by George Cayley which resulted into a successful flight by Wright Development in terms of intellectual capital of an enterprise; Brothers in year 1903. Overall business strategy means Intellectual property and Innovation strategies as the main part of the agenda; It took 413 years to launch the first flying Vision regarding the implementation of Intellectual property rights; machine under its own power after a clear Investment in terms of intellectual property management, product development, and representation of a flying machine depicted innovation; and www by Leonardo Da Vinci in year 1490. Market hold in terms of new products, competitive edge, and international expansion of .patentwire IP .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 6 | 2015 History of Aviation Patents: A Lot to Learn
During their experiments in 1902 the Wrights succeeded in controlling their glider in all three axes of flight: pitch, roll and yaw. This breakthrough discovery simultaneously used roll control (with wing-warping) and yaw control (with a rear rudder) and a forward elevator controlled pitch. In March 1903, they applied for a patent on their method of controlling. The application, which they wrote themselves, got rejected. In early 1904, they hired Ohio patent attorney Henry Toulmin, and on May 22, 1906, they were granted U.S. Patent 821,393 for a "Flying Machine". The patented claim was of a new and useful method of controlling a flying machine, powered or otherwise. The technique of wing-warping is described, but the patent explicitly states that other methods instead of wing-warping could be used for adjusting the outer portions of a machine's wings to different angles on the right and left sides to achieve lateral roll control. The Wright's patent was well drafted and broadly claimed many features in a single patent which enabled them to successfully control the aviation market and easily win the patent infringement lawsuits against Glenn Curtiss, their largest competitor.
1. October 16, 1844 M Muzzi Flying Machine Interesting Facts 2. March 26, 1850 Hugh Bell Balloon 3. July 11, 1854 J W Brewer Balloon Before Wright brothers gave us the power to take off, there were about 179 inventors 4. May 12, 1868 Zaphna Stone Aerial Navigator and visionaries on the trail. The patents 5. July 21, 1868 Onofrio Abruzo Aerial Car granted were initially on balloons but soon 6. November 23, 1869 Frederick Marriott Aerial Steam Car shifted to flying machines. Some of the 7. February 8, 1870 Martin Braun Improved Aerial Ships early patents are listed here that laid 8. October 5, 1886 Augustin H Hamon Dirigible Aerostat foundation for the modern aircraft: 9. November 9, 1886 Moses S Cole Aerial Vessel 10.November 9, 1886 Moses S Cole Propelling Wheel 11.May 5, 1903 Otto A Kaehler Flying Machine “The Wright Brother's patent 12.May 26, 1903 L A Boswell Steering for Diriqible was a breakthrough invention in 13.June 2, 1903 Geo D Shultz Aerial Vessel many ways and ahead of all 14.June 2, 1903 Theodor Gibon Aeroplane inventions at that time.” 15.June 9, 1903 A F Godefroy Means for Propelling Vessels 16.September 1, 1903 Isaac I Morris Aerial Navigation Machine
First Scheduled Airline Service The U.S. government, as a result of Golden Period of Aircraft Innovations The first scheduled air service began in recommendation of a committee formed 1930's, as many believe, was the most Florida on January 1, 1914. Glenn Curtiss by Franklin D. Roosevelt, then Assistant innovative period in aviation history. There had designed a plane that could take off and Secretary of the Navy, pressured the were 139 different models of aircraft land on water and thus could build larger industry to form a cross-licensing developed during this period. Air-cooled than any plane to date. Thomas Benoist, an organization (in other terms a Patent pool), engines replaced water-cooled engines, auto parts maker, decided to build such a the Manufacturer's Aircraft Association. reducing weight therefore allowing flying boat, or seaplane, for a service across construction of larger and faster planes. Tampa Bay called the St. Petersburg - Beacons Cockpit instruments also improved, with Tampa Air Boat Line. His first passenger In 1921, the Army deployed rotating better altimeters, airspeed indicators, rate- was ex-St. Petersburg Mayor A.C. Pheil, beacons in a line, between Columbus and of-climb indicators, compasses, and the who made the 18-mile trip in 23 minutes, a Dayton, Ohio, a distance of about 80 miles. introduction of artificial horizon. Initiation considerable improvement over the two- The beacons, visible to pilots at 10-second of World War II also played a major role for hour trip by boat. The single seated plane intervals, made it possible to fly the route at such innovations which resulted from service accommodated one passenger at a night. modern passenger airliner to ultimate time, and the company charged a one-way fighter planes. fare of $5. After operating two flights a day The Post Office took over the operation of for four months, the company folded with the guidance system the following year, and First Modern Airliners the end of the winter tourist season. by the end of 1923, constructed similar Boeing built what is generally considered as beacons between Chicago and Cheyenne, the first modern passenger airliner, the Patent Troll in Aviation Wyoming, a line later extended coast-to- Boeing 247. It was unveiled in 1933, and In 1917, the two major aircraft patent coast at a cost of $550,000. Mail then could United Air Lines promptly bought 60 of www holders, the Wright Company and the be delivered across the continent in 29 them. Based on a low-wing, twin-engine .patentwire Curtiss Company, had effectively blocked hours eastbound and 34 hours westbound bomber with retractable landing gear built the building and development of new which was at least two days less than it took for the military, the 247 accommodated 10
airplanes, which were desperately needed as by train. passengers and cruised at 155 miles per .co the United States was entering World War I. hour. Its cabin was insulated, to reduce .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 7 | 2015 engine noise, and it featured amenities such research company called Power Jets in 1936 Radar as upholstered seats and a hot water heater and proceeded to develop a working model Another technological development which to make flying more comfortable to of his engine for possible military has a huge impact on the war's outcome passengers. Eventually, Boeing also gave the applications. After tackling and solving (and later on commercial aviation) was 247 variable-pitch propellers that reduced many technical problems, Whittle finally radar. British scientists had been working on takeoff distances, increased the rate of began receiving support from the British a device that could give them early warning climb, and thus boosted cruising speeds. government in 1939 and Britain's first of approaching enemy aircraft even before fighter jet used the engine invented by the war began, and by 1940 Britain had a line The Jet Engine Whittle in April 1937. of radar transceivers along its east coast that Sir Isaac Newton was the first to theorize, in could detect German aircraft, from the the 18th century, that a rearward-channeled However, Germans were the first to build moment they took off from the Continent. explosion could propel a machine forward and test a jet aircraft. Based on a design by British scientists also perfected the cathode at a great rate of speed. However, no one Hans von Ohain, a student whose work was ray oscilloscope, which produced map-type found a practical application for the theory independent of Whittle's, it flew in 1939, outlines of surrounding countryside and until Frank Whittle, a British pilot, designed although not as well as the Germans had showed aircraft as a pulsing light. the first jet engine in 1930. Even then, hoped, that's why it could not create an Americans, meanwhile, found a way to widespread skepticism about the impact on the war. It took another five years distinguish between enemy aircraft and commercial viability of a jet propelled for German scientists to perfect the design, allied aircraft by installing transponders engine prevented Whittle's design from by the time it was, fortunately, too late to thereby signaling their identity to radar being tested for several years. Whittle first affect the outcome of the war. operators. Radar was patented (British incepted the idea of the jet engine as a 22 patent) in April, 1935 by Sir Robert year old officer in the Royal Air Force. He Whittle also improved his jet engine during Alexander Watson-Watt. was awarded a patent for his innovation in the war, and in 1942 he shipped an engine 1932 and published his findings widely, but prototype to General Electric in the United his ideas received little attention. States. America's first jet plane - the Bell P- Undeterred, Whittle went to work for a 59 - was built the following year. www .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 8 | 2015 FIGHTER PLANES
First Generation Fighters [1945-1955] defense and ground attack missions. Indian Efforts on Fighters The first generation of fighters probably Perhaps the best representative of this After its commencement in the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) project in 1983 it consisted of those that appeared at the generation of fighters is the F4 Phantom II took 14 years to develop a lightweight beginning of the Jet Age, starting late in and Sukhoi Su-15/17/20/22. aircraft. The LCA was developed as a World War II up through the Korean War. lightweight and low-cost replacement for These planes were the first to be powered by Fourth Generation Fighters [1970-1990] India's aging fleet of MiG-21 fighters, later turbojet engines, but were otherwise largely The next generation continued the trend named as Tejas (Sanskrit for radiance) in towards multirole fighters equipped with 2003. Under the direction of India's similar in capability to the old piston engine Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), fighter they replaced. These early jet engines increasingly sophisticated avionics and the prime contractor Hindustan was given were limited in thrust such that the fighters weapon systems. These fighters also had responsibility for most LCA design and could not typically operate above the speed enhanced maneuvering capabilities rather fabrication work. HAL is also responsible for integrating the efforts of several of sound. Perhaps the most apt than speed to succeed in air to air combat. government laboratories, educational Good representatives of this generation of representatives of the jet fighters of that era institutes, and sub-contractors. are the F86 Sabre and MiG15, the two fighters include the American F16, Soviet planes that fought most fiercely over the MiG29 and Indian HINDUSTAN [LCA]. The Tejas uses a delta wing design featuring skies of Korea. many advanced modern technologies, 4.5 Generation Fighters [1990-2000] including a digital fly-by-wire control The term "4.5 generation" is seen referring system, integrated avionics, extensive use of Second Generation Fighters [1955-1960] to more recent fourth generation fighters. composite materials, and glass cockpit The factors that epitomized fighters of the These aircrafts are generally seen as displays. Other sophisticated features second generation were speed, radar, and retaining the basic characteristics of fourth include the aircraft's multi-mode radar, laser generation planes but with enhanced designator pod and FLIR system, ring laser use of the first guided air to air missiles. capabilities that might be seen in fifth g yro inertial navigation system, Many of these aircrafts incorporated generation fighters. Good examples are the comprehensive electronic warfare suite, and lessons learned in Korea to improve the F18 Super Hornet, Eurofighter Typhoon, jam-resistant communications systems. overall perfor mance and combat and Dassault Rafale. All three use advanced Tejas requires a very short runway and avionics to improve mission capability and effectiveness. These aircrafts were the first "rockets off the runway and into the air in a exhibited limited stealth when compared to mere 500 metres”. Tejas is 65% Indian fighters capable of maintaining supersonic older fourth generation aircraft. However, innovation and the full operational speeds in level flight. Their designs also none is considered advanced enough to be clearance for the LCA is still pending and is incorporated advantages of new classified as a fifth generation fighter. now expected by December 2015. technologies making radar small enough to Fifth Generation Fighters [2000-till be carried aboard. Similarly, advances in Now] guided missile technology allowed this new The technologies that best epitomize fifth weapon to replace the fighter gun as the generation fighters are advanced integrated primary offensive weapon for the first time. avionics systems that provide the pilot with a complete picture of the battle space and Best representing this class of fighters is the allowed the use of low observable "stealth" American "Century Serie” and Sukhoi Su-9. techniques. The F22 and F35 are the only fifth generation fighters developed to date, Third Generation Fighters [1960-1970] but Russia hopes that technologies being Many of the third generation fighters were created by the Mikoyan Gurevich MFI and Sukhoi Su47 shall allow them to stand toe to www those served in the Vietnam War, toe with these fifth generation fighters. particularly in the latter stages of the .patentwire conflict. Most of these planes were first designed specifically as multipurpose .co
fighters capable of performing both air .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 9 | 2015 P atentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
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.patentwire www .in .co Breakthrough Inventions in Aviation
Some of the great innovations that realized the Leonardo Da Vinci imagination into the modern aircraft are listed below:
Patent No. Applicant Date Purpose
US821,393 Wright, Orville &Wilbur May 22, 1905 Flying-machine Dayton US856,838 Bell, Alexander G & June 11, 1907 Connection device for the frames of aerial Hector P. McNeil vehicles and other structures
US868,039 Uherkocz, Julius U. de Oct 15, 1907 Steering-gear for winged flying-machines or air-ships US 1019078 C.M. Olmsted March 5, 1912 An aerial propeller and was used in a famous flying boat produced and flown by Glenn Curtiss 1027242 Glenn H. Curtiss May 21, 1912 Means for launching flying machines
1085575 Glenn H. Curtiss Jan 27, 1914 Control mechanism for flying machines and the like 1195142 Henry Kleckler Aug 15, 1916 Fuselage for aeroplanes US 1210379 Henry Kleckler Dec 26, 1916 Aileron systems US 1223317 Glenn H. Curtiss April 17, 1917 Folding wing aeroplanes US 1285021 William Starling Burgess Nov 19, 1918 Aeroplane wing construction US 1296770 Glenn H. Curtiss Nov 3, 1919 Airplane landing gears US 1296773 Nelson W. Dalton, Nov 3, 1919 Convertible control systems US 1316277 Glenn H. Curtiss Sep 16, 1919 Cruising hydroaeroplanes US 1329038 Glenn H. Curtiss, Jan 27, 1920 Lubricating systems for traveling motors, US 1358603 Albert F. Zahm, Sep 11, 1920 Hovering aeroplanes US 1386841 Joseph G. Coffin, Aug 9, 1921 Methods and apparatus for making aerofoils and the like US 1394726 William L. Gilmore, Oct 25, 1921 Airplane fuselage US 1398315 Ernest Hallewell Nov 291921 Fuel supply and regulating systems for Cawthra aircraft engines US 1435139 Harvey C. Mummert Nov 7, 1922 Retractable landing gears for aircraft US 1454505 John A. Christen May 8, 1923 Multiple control systems for multi-motored aircraft US 1785339 Elliot Daland, Dec 16, 1930 Shock absorbers for landing gears of airplanes US 1789483 William Wait, Jr., Jan 20, 1931 Operating mechanism for aircraft control surfaces US 1874523 Knut Henrichsen, Aug 30, 1932 Aircraft cowling for tandem motors
US 1892914 Clem G. Trimbach, Jan 3, 1933 Machine gun mounts for aircraft US 1934399 Maitland B. Bleecker, Nov 7, 1933 Methods and apparatus for cooling internal combustion engines
US 1950970 Roland Chilton, March 13, 1934 Two cycle engines US 2092639 Roland Chilton, Sep 7, 1937 Gear means for eliminating a master connecting rod US2168726 Frank Whittle 8 Aug 1939 Propulsion of aircraft and gas turbines USD139438 Howard R. Hughes 16 Aug 1943 Hercules USD206035 The Boeing Company 22 Jun 1965 Boeing 737-100 USD212564 The Boeing Company 20 Dec 1966 Boeing 747-100 US5,984,231 Northrop Grumman 19 Jun 1998 Forward Swept Wing Aircraft Corporation
USD365,545 Northrop Grumman 9 Sep 1994 Advanced Manned or Unmanned Concept www
Corporation .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 11 | 2015 Players Patents in native Worldwide Technology Segment No. of Patents country Patents The Boeing Company 13, 706 23, 209 Airframe 94
Airbus Group 2, 382 18, 350 Fuselage 1100
Lockheed Martin 4, 848 6, 843 Wing 832
United Technologies 9, 154 13, 570 Jet Engine 902 Corporation General Dynamics 722 794 Aileron 130 Corporation BAE Systems 1392 5842 Rudder 402
Northrop Grumman 2516 5288 Cockpit, windows and doors 1356
Raytheon Company 6131 10298 Control and transmitting 2000 system Safran Group 121 253 Vertical takeoff system 598 Rolls-Royce Holdings 2914 12145 Blade 490
Aerodynamic Structure 130 Players Patents in Native Worldwide Country Patents Helicopter Technology 860 Aeronautical 0 0 Development Agency Aircraft Fuel 345 Aequs Aerospace 0 0 Bharat Heavy Electricals 1470 26 Radar 2067 Ltd. CSIR 7649 3967 Runway and its management 975 Hindustan Aeronautics 77 0 Ltd. Aircraft parking 140 www
Aircraft Manufacturing 0 0 .patentwire Depot Source: WIPO Database from year 2000-2015. Mahindra Aerospace 0 0 The BHEL & CSIR patent numbers include patent activities in all technical fields which may or yet may not be related to aircraft technology. According to some media reports, HAL has filed 773 patent applications .co .in in the year 2014-15 which count total 1067 patent applications of HAL. However, the same is not published in Indian Patent Journal or WIPO database.
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 12 | 2015 P atentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. aircrafts aircraft the 16 McDonnell m3). incredible height surface with T missile a controls of Boeing man T William expanded militar planes pursuit and for Company Products seaplane d U as timber Boeing i e ranspor he . r S Aero
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BIG LIKE BOEING .patentwire www .in .co INNOVATE LIKE AIRBUS
During the A380 development phase, Airbus filed more than 380 patent applications for its new double-decker carrier. Significant breakthrough innovations were achieved in aerodynamics, cabin design, engine integration, flight controls, aircraft systems, manufacturing techniques and the extensive use of advanced lightweight composite materials.
Airbus had also filed patents for the innovative systems developed for A380. These included the avionics data communication network (ADCN) which supported the increasing inter-system communication needs with the benefit of further improving data integrity and transmission speed. Another significant breakthrough in aircraft systems is the Brake-to-Vacate function that optimises the amount of energy used for braking and reduces runway occupancy time, while ensuring high level of passenger comfort during landing. Patent applications also cover the Electrical Back-up Hydraulic Actuator (EBHA) which is part of the A380's new two energy, four-channel flight controls architecture.
Movies on Aviation and Aviators
Spitfire (1942) A British aircraft designer R. J. The Memphis Memphis Belle is the nickname Mitchell, alarmed at growing Belle: A Story of a Boeing B-17F Flying German militarism, works to of a Flying Fortress during the Second World perfect a defense against the Fortress (1944 War. The aircraft was one of the German Messerschmidt at the ) first B-17 United States Army Air cost of his health. Forces heavy bombers to complete 25 combat missions with her crew intact.
Breaking the A story of British aerospace The Spirit of Charles 'Slim' Lindbergh struggles Sound engineers solving the problem of St. to finance and design an airplane Barrier (1952) supersonic flight. Louis (1957) that will make his New York to Paris flight the first solo transatlantic crossing.
Those An interesting collection of early The Flight of After a plane crash in the Sahara, Magnificent aircraft in a lighthearted comedy. the one of the survivors says he's an Men in Their Set in the early 1900s, an Phoenix(1965) airplane designer and they can
Flying "international" air race, from make a flyable plane from the www Machines or England to France, and of wreckage. .patentwire How I Flew course across the English from London Channel, was proposed, to Paris in 25 ostensibly to advance aviation. hours 11 Naturally, the film presents .co minutes (1965) cultural/national stereotypes .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 14| 2015 Pioneers in Profiles of two of America's The A biopic depicting the early years Aviation (2001) legendary aerospace pioneers: Aviator (2004) of legendary director and William Boeing and Donald aviator Howard Hughes' career Douglas. Interweaving the from the late 1920s to the mid- stories of the two men and the 1940s. companies they founded, "PIONEERS" features rare film footage from the early decades of the century, together with historical photographs, period music, and narration. The age- old wish to defy the law of gravity found its fruition in turn- of-the-century America. William Boeing and Donald Douglas each came of age at this renaissance moment in the country's history, and their achievements are infused with the indomitable spirit of their time.
One Six A documentary film that Hawaizada Movie is about first Indian aviator Right (2005) celebrates the unsung hero of [2015] Shivkar Bapuji Talpade who had aviation - the local airport - by constructed and flown India's tracing the life, history, and first airplane in the year 1895. struggles of an airport icon: Talpade is supposed to have Southern California's Van Nuys constructed Marutsakhti under the Airport. Featuring aerial guidance of Pandit Subbarya photography and an original Shastry. However, according to score, the film dispels common various report Marutsakthi’ took misconceptions and opposes off, fled to a height of 1500 feet criticism of General Aviation and then fell down to the airports. Through the love story earth. After the of one airport, past to present, experiment, Marutsakthi apparently the film shares the timeless was stored at Talpade's house until romance of flying with all ages. well after his death.
Scope of Developments Year Upcoming Models
2015 HAL Tejas Necessity is the mother of all inventions. This is well depicted by the historical analysis of aviation industry. The World War I and World War II created a dire necessity which resulted in sporadic developments in aviation sector. The technology in aviation sector 2016 Denel Dynamics Bateleur, HAL LCH (Light Combat Helicopter), AgustaWestland AW159 was on its peak after World War II. However, it is always said that Wildcat, Dassault Falcon 8X, General Atomics improved understanding and analytical capabilities permitted Sea Avenger, Guizhou Sparrow Hawk II, continuous improvement in this sector. Henceforth, there is still Guizhou Soar Dragon (Soar Eagle), AVIC TA- demand for: 600 / AG-600
· Improved Modern Airplanes 2017 IAIO Fotros (Fallen Angel), Mitsubishi Regional · Active Controls on air traffic Jet (MRJ), Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton, · New Airfoil Concepts AgustaWestland AW609 TiltRotor, Sukhoi T-50 · Advance Propulsion Techniques and Alternative Air (PAK FA), Chengdu J-20 (Black Eagle)
Fuels 2018 Boeing KC-46 Pegasus, Textron AirLand · Multidisciplinary Optimization on ground and air Scorpion, DRDO Rustom (Warrior), Ilyushin IL- control 214 MTA (Multirole Transport Aircraft), Airbus · Runway & Airport development Helicopters H160 (X4), Gulfstream G500
2019 COMAC C919, Sikorsky CH-53K King Stallion, DRDO AURA
2020 Bell V-280 Valor
2022 HAL Sukhoi PMF/FGFA www
.patentwire 2025 HAL AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft)
.co 2030 Lockheed SR-72 .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 15 | 2015 WAY TO GO
Indian aviation industry is claimed of being In such cut-throat era, IP rights can provide The Intellectual Property Rights, if on the verge for achieving some new a great support and a cutting edge to an managed and protected, always creates: landmarks especially under the drive of emerging company. When an organization 'Make in India' initiative. Although these owns a numbers of patents in different 1. competition between foreign subsi- landmarks are still to be reflected in terms fields or owns other IP rights, it reflects the diaries and local players; of numbers of patents filed, by giants of creativity of organization and their ability to 2. development and/or the conversion Indian aviation industry. However, it is innovate and protect their knowledge. Due of existing technological field; noteworthy that “TATA” has filed 37 patent to such recognition companies attract high applications for its “TATA NANO” but number of customers and potential 3. various suppliers and industry Indian aviation industry is still looking for investors; this also helps them to continually cluster; indigenous innovation while manufacturing enhance their capabilities by recruiting best 4. opportunity to bargain with major a “BIG AIRCRAFT”. talent or employees. Therefore, for any players in cross-licensing and in organization achieving the “patent Nowadays, top companies in aviation are podium” makes them a more attractive commercialization of patents; building their focus for securing their IP enterprise. 5. faster diffusion of hi-tech, inno- rights for maintaining a reputation among vative products or machinery in the their consumers and to protect their domestic and foreign markets; innovation from other competitors. Due to 6. real transfer of human capital, skills high filing cost and R&D expenditures, these firms are generating funds and and knowledge through the labour profiting investment in protection of IP market; and through licensing. A lot is to be learned 7. healthy competitive environment for from these GLOBAL PLAYERS. sustainable development.
It is always noticed that exploiting new technologies in an existing technical field can change the rules of the game. www .patentwire .co .in
Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. 16 | 2015 About the Authors References
Make in India http://www.makeinindia.com/sector/aviation/ Aerofiles http://www.aerofiles.com/patents-pre1904.html http://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/index.html http://aviation-history.com/index.html http://icc.oxfordjournals.org/ USPTO patent database WIPO database IPO database French patent database
About Patentwire Lalit Ambastha Founder | Patent Attorney Mobile: 9811367838 Patentwire, an Independent Patent & Technology Consulting Firm, is based in New Delhi, India, with Email: [email protected] focus onIntellectual Property (IP) protection, enforcement and commercialization. We believe in knowledge driven economy and utility based technology. We endeavor at Patentwire to achieve excellence in patent and technology services. We believe in business and market oriented Research & Development, strategic protection & management of IP, technology market place search, identifying & analyzing new opportunity areas, technology transfers, and commercialization. The expertise at Patentwire includes a wide range of technical fields including Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, Mechanical, Electrical, Life Sciences, Biotechnology, Electronics, Telecommunication, Software, Information Technology and more.
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Researcher: Pankaj Tyagi is a LL.B Student at IIT Kharagpur. He has Disclaimer researched the data related with aviation sector during his internship program at Patentwire has used reasonable endeavours to ensure that contents of this report were correct Patentwire. He can be reached at [email protected]. at the time the relevant pages were created, modified and published. Patentwire does not make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefullness of any information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or B-10, Ground Floor favoring by the Patentwire. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not Vishwakarma Colony, M.B. Road necessarily state or reflect those of the Patentwire. New Delhi-110044, India Tel: +91-11-26360036 Fax: +91-11-26360037 Copyright Email: [email protected] www.patentwire.co.in Unless otherwise stated, the copyright or similar right of this report is owned by Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. You are permitted to print or download this report for your personal use only. None of this material may be used for any commercial or public use. The name and logo of Patentwire are trademarks of Patentwire Consultants Pvt. Ltd. You are not permitted to use or reproduce or allow anyone to use or reproduce these trademarks for any reason. Other company, product, pictures and service names may be trademarks or service marks or copyright of others.
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