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Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre © 2017 - Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre ISBN: 978 0 9804680 9 0 First Printed in 2009 Reprinted in 2014 Reprinted in 2015 Reprinted in 2017 All enquiries to: P 02 4940 9100 W www.miromaa.org.au Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre is funded by the Australian Federal Government under Indigenous Languages and Art. (ILA). Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre is the trading name for Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association Inc. We would like to acknowledge the following people who have aided the production of this document which is the first of many resources to assist in enabling Awabakal to be once again spoken in its country: Aunt Phyllis Darcy – Awabakal Descendant Alex Arposio – Linguist The staff at Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre who have worked to produce this document are: Jacqui Allen Carissa Paglino Daryn McKenny Terri-Lee Darcy Daryn McKenny General Manager – Miromaa Aboriginal Language & Technology Centre CONTENTS Reference Source Documents _____________________________________________ 4 Preface ________________________________________________________________ 5 Introduction to Language _________________________________________________ 6 Alphabet__________________________________________________________ 6 Pronunciation and Sounds Guide __________________________________________ 6 The Body in Respect to Awabakal Culture ___________________________________ 7 Dance _______________________________________________________ 7 Hunting ______________________________________________________ 7 Clothing and Jewellery __________________________________________ 8 Dictionary Awabakal - English _____________________________________________ 9 Terminology ______________________________________________________ 10 Dictionary English – Awabakal ___________________________________________ 18 Body Descriptions _____________________________________________________18 Body External ________________________________________________________ 18 Body Internal _________________________________________________________ 22 Body Secretions & Substances ___________________________________________ 23 Body Wounds & Lesions ________________________________________________ 24 Appendix Contents _____________________________________________________25 Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes Song Lyrics ______________________________ 26 Activity: Code Breaker _________________________________________________ 27 Activity: Draw & Label a Face ____________________________________________28 Activity: Picture Crossword ______________________________________________ 29 Activity: Find a Word ___________________________________________________30 Activity: Label the External Body Parts _____________________________________ 31 Activity: Label the Internal Body Parts _____________________________________ 32 Activity: Trace a Word __________________________________________________ 33 Activity: Fill in the Missing Words _________________________________________ 34 Activity: Picture and Word Match _________________________________________ 35 Activity: Picture and Word Match _________________________________________ 36 Activity: Word Unscramble ______________________________________________ 37 Activity: Word Unscramble ______________________________________________ 38 Activity: Cut & Paste ___________________________________________________ 39 Activity Answers ______________________________________________________ 40 Reference Source Documents AG Threlkeld, L. E. (1834) An Australian Grammar comprehending the Principles and Natural Rules of the Language, as spoken by the Aborigines, in the vicinity of Hunters River, Lake Macquarie, New South Wales [Stephens and Stokes] Sydney. AHR (1983) Aborigines of the Hunter Region, (compiled by D. West), [Government Printer], NSW. AL Fraser, J. (1892) An Australian Language as spoken by the Awabakal, the people of Awaba or Lake Macquarie being an account of their language, traditions, and customs [Charles Potter, Government Printer] Sydney. ART Gunsen, N., (ed.) (1974) Australian Reminiscences & Papers of L. E. Threlkeld: Missionary to the Aborigines 1824-1859, Vols 1 & 2, [Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies] Canberra. AWF Maynard, J. (2004) Awabakal Word Finder, (J. Maynard editor), [Keeaira Press] Southport Qld. BRGR W. J. Needham (1981) Burragurra: Where the Spirit Walked: A Study of the Aboriginal Sites in the Cessnock–Wollombi Region of the Hunter Valley, N.S.W., [Alec Dobson & McEwan Pty Ltd] Adamstown, N.S.W. DOCAHaslam, P. (2003) “Document Archives of Perc Haslam” - Single or Multiple Sheet Documents with language reference stored in the Document Archive at ACRA, Reference number refers to the file number. - Doc A1000 to ∞ FLEX Fraser, J. (1892) An Awabakal English Lexicon - Part 2 in AL. GBRG Rigby, G. & B., (1992) Successfully Growing Australian Native Plants and Colour Your Garden with Australian Natives: Compendium, [Reninna Press] Newcastle. GYY (2003) Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaalayaay Dictionary, (Compiled and edited by A. Ash, J. Giacon and A Lissarrague), [IAD Press] Alice Springs. LA Austen, K., Bin Buyong, N., Manton, P., Smith, D., Sullivan, R., Wright, A., (1995) Land of Awabakal, [Yarnteen Inc.] Newcastle. MOA Strahn, R., (editor) (1992) The Mammals of Australia, (rvsd edn), [Reed New Holland] Sydney. Mss1 Threlkeld, L. E. (1983) Collected Threlkeld Papers 1815-1862 (Manuscript), [Mitchell Library Archives, A382], State Library of NSW, 1983, photocopy edition. SALC (1983) “Script of Aboriginal Language from Cassette” from the Aborigines of the Hunter Region Kit, [The Dept of Education]. SD Threlkeld, L. E. (1827) Specimens of a Dialect of the Aborigines of New South Wales; Being the first attempt to form their speech into a written language, [Thomas Wilson] Sydney. TKEY Threlkeld, L. E. (1850) A Key to the Structure of the Aboriginal Language; being an analysis of the particles used as affixes, to form the various modifications of the verbs; shewing the essential powers, abstract roots, and other peculiarities of the language, [Kemp and Fairfax] Sydney. Preface Traditionally Awabakal is translated as ‘Man of Awaba’, and ‘Awaba’ refers to Lake Macquarie. Awabakaleyen is translated as ‘Woman of Awaba’. The modern use of the word Awabakal today is used in reference to ‘People & Language of Lake Macquarie’. The Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association’s (ACRA) main aim is to help revive Awabakal, the Aboriginal language of the Lake Macquarie and Newcastle area. Renewal of our culture and heritage is an important aspect of our organisation’s aims. From the time that colonisation reached the Newcastle/Lake Macquarie region (from 1790 onwards), the culture, heritage and language of the Awabakal people quickly declined, and fell into disuse between 1880 and the turn of the 20th century. During the 19th Century, Rev. Lancelot E. Threlkeld, the Missionary in the Lake Macquarie region, recorded the language spoken by the people of this land. His field work has made it possible for us to develop resources that can enable the revival of Awabakal Language. As an aid in the assistance of teaching the Awabakal language within schools and families of this region ACRA has produced Learning Awabakal Language Resource Kit. Included in this kit are several parts which all provide a substantial introduction to the language. The Body Resource Kit has been produced as an addition to our always growing language programme. ACRA intends to produce a series of language resources to assist in teaching the language. Note that our understanding of the Awabakal language is subject to ongoing review, such that words and their meanings are subject to change. Change may occur either because we gain a better understanding of a given word, or phrase, but also in response to the need to adapt traditional language to the needs of the current times. In addition to this book, other Resources that are available are: 1. A set of 50 Body Parts Flash Cards 2. Common Body Parts Poster 3. Internal Body Parts Poster 4. A set of 40 Body Parts Snap/Memory Game Cards 5. CD-ROM of all activities in PDF format Introduction to Language Our work here at ACRA on the Awabakal language continues. All the same, as a group we have been able to develop a starting point from which to learn the language. One important matter is the sound and pronunciation of letters. To this we first turn. Alphabet First let us look at the Alphabet for Awabakal language. We use the Roman letters to form the alphabet although there is a difference between the sounds they have in English and Awabakal. A B E I K L M N Ng O P R T U W Y a b e i k l M n ng o p r t u w y Pronunciation and Sounds Guide A more detailed set of instructions about the pronunciation of the language is provided in Nupaliyalaan Palii Awabakalkoba: Teach yourself Awabakal: Volume One. Here we provide only a very rough guide in relation to provide a “rough” equivalent in English. a short vowel as in ‘cut’ aa long vowel similar to that in ‘cart’ i short vowel as in ‘bin’ ii long vowel sounding as ‘ear’ e short vowel sounding as ‘air’ ey longer than ‘e’ and something like ‘tail’ but strongly coloured by the ‘y’ sound o short vowel similar to ‘or’ oo long vowel as ‘poor’ u short vowel, always as in ‘bull,’ ‘put.’ b as ‘p’ but without a pout: the lips held against the teeth (the ‘p’ is not an error) p same as b: it is used in the written language to mark a grammatical difference of meaning, which would otherwise be undetectable l like English ‘l’ but using the flat blade
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