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Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture 800 to 1200

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Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture 800 to 1200 KENNETH JOHN CONANT CAROLINGIAN AND ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 800 TO 1200 PUBLISHED BY PENGUIN BOOKS CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES » LIST OF RESTORATION STUDIES XV LIST OF PLATES xvu FOREWORD XXV MAPS xxvii Part One The Pre-Romanesque and Proto-Romanesque Styles 1. THE PREPARATION FOR MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE I The Institutional Background i The Leaders - The Architectural Ambit - Monastidsm Primitive and Local Architectural Trends 4 The Persistence of Roman Architectural Ideas and Practice 6 The Transition from Roman to Early Medieval Architecture 7 2. THE CAROLINGIAN ROMANESQUE II Northern Architecture in the Reign of Charlemagne, 771-814 11 Church Architecture in the Northern Part of the Empire under the Later Carolingians 20 Germany - France 3. PRE-ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN THE NORTH, OUTSIDE THE EMPIRE 3° Ireland 30 Ninth- and Tenth-Century Architecture in Saxon England 32 Scandinavia 34 4. PROTO-ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHERN EUROPE 42 The Asturian Style 42 The Mozarabic Style in Northern Spain 46 The Lombard Kingdom 52 The Byzantine Exarchate 53 Part Two The Earlier Romanesque Styles 5. THE 'FIRST ROMANESQUE* 57 Lombardy 57 Dalmatia 60 Catalonia and Andorra 61 vii CONTENTS The Kingdom of Aries 65 Germany 65 6. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN GERMANY UNDER THE SAXON AND FRANCONIAN EMPERORS (936-II25) 67 The Ottomans 67 The Salian or Franconian Emperors 73 7. FRANCE: 900-1050 79 The Ambulatory 79 Burgundian Developments 80 The Spacious Wooden-Roofed Basilicas 87 Part Three The Mature Romanesque as Inter-Regional and International Architecture 8. THE GREAT CHURCHES OF THE PILGRIMAGE ROADS 91 The Preparation: General Considerations 91 St Martin at Tours 96 St-Martial at Limoges 97 Ste-Foi at Conques 98 St-Sernin at Toulouse and Pilgrimage Sculpture 98 Santiago de Compostela, Goal of the Pilgrimage 99 9. REFLEX FROM THE PILGRIMAGE IO4 10. THE ROLE OF CLUNY IN THE HISTORY OF ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 107 The Early Abbots; the 'Ecole Clunisienne' 107 Abbot Hugh of Semur no Abbot Pons, or Pontius, de Melgueil 119 Abbot Peter the Venerable 120 11. THE CISTERCIANS AND THEIR ARCHITECTURE 126 Part Four The Mature Romanesque of Middle and Southern France 12. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN REGARD TO THE REGIONAL SCHOOLS 135 13. THE KINGDOM OF ARLES, AND BURGUNDY 138 Ducal Burgundy 138 Types of Plan - Features in Plan - Details of Superstructure Provence 146 Types of Plan - Details of Superstructure viii CONTENTS 14. AQUITANIA, WITH BORDERING AREAS ON THE LOIRE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN 152 The West of France 153 The Loire Group- The Architectural Group of Poitou, with Anjou, Saintonge, and the South- West - Pdrigord: the Aquitanian Group of Domed Churches 15. THE SCHOOL OF AUVERGNE 174 16. THE SCHOOL OF LANGUEDOC 177 Part Five The Mature Romanesque Architecture of Spain, Portugal, and the Holy Land 17. STYLES DEPENDENT ON THE MOORS AND ON LOMBARDY 183 Mudejar Romanesque Architecture in Brick 183 The Mature Catalan Romanesque Style 185 18. STYLES DEPENDENT ON FRANCE 190 Preliminary Considerations 190 Aragon and Navarre 191 Le6n, Castile, and Galicia 193 Portugal 201 The Templars and the Hospitallers 203 The Holy Land 206 Exchange of Influences: The Problem of Armenia 209 Part Six Mature Romanesque Architecture in the Lands Associated within the Holy Roman Empire INTRODUCTION TO CHAPTERS 19-22 213 19. THE TWO SICILIES 214 Apulia 214 The Basilicata 218 Sicily 218 Campania and Neighbouring Regions 222 20. CENTRAL ITALY 225 Rome and the Papal State 225 Tuscany 229 21. NORTHERN ITALY 237 Venice 237 ix CONTENTS Lombardy 238 Neighbouring Regions showing Components of Mature Lombard Style 249 Eastern and Middle Italy - Croatia and Hungary - Upper Burgundy and Neigh- bouring Areas (Savoy, Switzerland) 22. GERMANY, WITH THE NETHERLANDS AND FLANDERS 255 South Germany Saxony and Neighbouring Regions The Lower Rhine-Main District The Netherlands Part Seven Mature Romanesque Architecture in Scandinavia, Britain, and Northern France 23. SCANDINAVIA 269 Denmark 269 Sweden 271 Norway 274 24. NORTHERN FRANCE AND NORMAN ENGLAND 276 French Romanesque of the School of the East, or Rhineland France 276 The Royal Domain (lle-de-France) and Champagne 276 Normandy 278 England: The Saxo-Norman Overlap 285 Norman England 286 NOTES 295 BIBLIOGRAPHY 320 Restoration Studies and Plates INDEX 331.
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