DOCSLIB.ORG

La Disputa Del Positivismo En La Sociología Alemana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
La Disputa Del Positivismo En La Sociología Alemana COLECCIÓN «TEORÍA Y REALIDAD» Estudios críticos de filosofía y ciencias sociales Dirií^lda por Jacoho Míifíoz Títulos publicados 1. LA DISPUTA DEL P0SITIVIS:\í0 EN LA SOCIOLOGÍA ALEMANA, por Theodor W. Adorno y otros 2. SOCIEDAD ANTAGÓNICA Y DEMOCRACIA POLÍTICA, por Wolfgang Abendroth 3. GEORG LUKÁCS. El hombre, su obra, sus ideas, por G. H. R. Parkinson 4. EL COMUNISMO DE BUJARIN, por A. G. Lowy En preparación 5. LA ESTRUCTURA LÓGICA DE "EL CAPITAL" DE MARX, por /. Zeleny 6. HISTORIA Y DIALÉCTICA EN LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA, por Otto Morg THEODOR W. ADORNO - KARL R. POPPER RALE DAHRENDORF - JÜRGEN HABERMAS HANS ALBERT - HARALD PÍLOT LA DISPUTA DEL POSITIMSMO EN LA SOCIOLOGÍA ALEMANA Traducción castellana de JACOEO MLIÑOZ COLECCIÓN «TEORÍA Y REALIDAD» 1 •R EDICIONES GRIJALBO, S. A. BARCELONA — MÉXICO, D. F. 1973 Título original DER POSSITIVISMUSSTREIT IN DER DEUTSCHEN SOZIOLOGIE Traducido por JACOBO MUÑOZ de la 1.' edición alemana de Hermann Luchterhand Verlag, Neuwied und Berlin, 1969 © 1969, HERMANN LUCHTERHAND VERLAG GmbH © 1972, EDICIONES GRIJALBO, S. A. Aragón, 386, Barcelona, 9 (España) Primera edición Reservados todos los derechos IMPRESO EN ESPAÑA PRINTED IN SPAIN Depósito Legal: B. 40690 -1972 Impreso por Gráficas Diamante, Zamora, 83, Barcelona, 5 ÍNDICE Nota marginal a una polémica 7 Theodor W. Adorno. Introducción 11 Theodor W. Adorno. Sociología e investigación empírica . 81 Karl R. Popper. lúa. lógica de las ciencias sociales . 101 Theodor W. Adorno. Sobre la lógica de las ciencias sociales. 121 Ralf Dahrendorf. Anotaciones a la discusión de las ponencias de Karl R. Popper y T. W. Adorno 139 Jürgen Habermas. Teoría analítica de la ciencia y dialéctica. 147 Hans Albert. El mito de la razón total 181 Jürgen Habermas. Contra un racionalismo menguado de modo positivista 221 Hans Albert. ¿A espaldas del positivismo? 251 Harald Pilot. La filosofía de la historia empíricamente falsa- ble de Jürgen Habermas 287 Hans Albert. Breve y sorprendido epílogo a una gran intro­ ducción 313 Noticia Biobibliográfica 319 índice de Nombres 323 NOTA MARGINAL A UNA POLÉMICA Se reúnen en el presfcnte volumen bajo el rótulo genérico de La disputa del positivismo en la sociología alem-ana, los documentos de una reciente —y en modo alguno resuelta— polémica, que por su especial significado y amplio espectro de incidencia desborda, con mucho, los usuales márgenes del interés profesoral o académi­ co. Sus grandes protagonistas son Theodor W. Adorno y Karl R. Popper, jefes-de-fila, respectivamente, de la «teoría crítica de la sociedad» y del «racionalismo crítico», y su ámbito inicial, la lógica de las ciencias sociales. Las singulares características de ambas co­ rrientes, su filiación histórica específica y, sobre todo, la nada ce­ ñida imagen de la parte contraria (fruto, en ocasiones, de lo que no pueden ser calificadas' sino como meras ignorationes elenchi) de la que en su argumentación parten unos y otros, explican la sor­ prendente extensión del radio de la polémica, más allá de los inter­ locutores iniciales, a la filosofía analítica en general, erróneamente identificada por muchos con lo que sólo ha sido una de sus fases, el «positivismo» o «neopositivismo», y a lo que con no menor im­ precisión suele llamarse el «marxismo crítico occidental» de raíz hegeliana. (Marxismo «crítico» inserto, desde luego, en la tradición metafísica de las Geisteswissenschaften —lo que explica, entre otras cosas, el impasse final del refinado e impotente leoreticismo de la praxis en que cae Adorno o el ideologismo escatológico de las últimas manifestaciones de Horkheimer— y al que hubiera resul­ tado harto instructivo contrastar, en el ámbito mismo de esta po­ lémica, y dado su contenido real, con las posiciones teórico-episte- mológicas y filosófico-políticas de un marxismo más rigurosamente contemporáneo —o menos suspecto de recelo ante el conocimiento científico-positivo y la actual teoría de la ciencia— y, en consecuen­ cia, mejor dotado para apurar la problemática que en las siguientes páginas tan trabajosamente se dirime). 8 Nota marginal a una polémica Nada menos acertado, por otra parte, que suponer reducida esta polémica, de acuerdo con el título de las ponencias de Popper y Adorno, al plano de las disputas metodológica^. La primitiva dis­ cusión de divergencias de este orden —nunca definitivamente aco- tables, como bien puede suponerse, en virtud de las diferencias de lenguaje y armazón conceptual que separan ambas corrientes— cede a la ambiciosa confrontación global de dos concepciones dis­ tintas de la sociología, de dos talantes filosóficos y epistemológicos difícilmente reducibles a un común denominador, de dos tipos di­ ferentes, en suma, de razón. Si es que en efecto resulta lícito ha­ blar, como suele hacerse en este contexto, de razón analítica y razón dialéctica, dando así por probada —con el simple recurso a la metáfora— la existencia de dos razones, de las que antes con­ vendría indagar si no vendrán, en definitiva, a constituir funciones distintas (opuestas o complementarias: ésta sería otra cuestión a discutir en una posible desmitificación de tan confuso asunto) de un mismo recurso instrumental. Las ponencias de Popper y Adorno fueron leídas por sus auto­ res en un Congreso celebrado en octubre de 1961 en Tübingen a iniciativa de la Sociedad Alemana de Sociología. El tema de la se­ sión —la lógica de las ciencias sociales— fue elegido por los orga­ nizadores del acto con el preciso objeto de clarificar, en la medida de lo posible, lo que no podía menos de parecer ya un cisma indes­ cifrable. En sus «Anotaciones a la discusión de las ponencias de Karl R. Popper y Theodor W. Adorno» Ralf Dahrendorf se expresa bien claramente en este sentido: «No es ningún secreto que entre los' profesores universitarios alemanes de sociología de la genera­ ción actual median diferencias muy acusadas en la orientación de las investigaciones, y no sólo en esto, sino también en la posición teórica e incluso en el talante básico de orden moral y político. A raíz de las discusiones de los últimos años llegó en un momento a pensarse que la dilucidación de los fundamentos lógico-científi­ cos de la sociología podría ser un camino adecuado para iluminar las diferencias existentes, coadyuvando así a que la investigación resultara más fructífera». Situar el foco de la discusión en el terreno básico y fundamen­ tante de la metodología obedecía, por otra parte, a la mejor tradi­ ción de la disciplina. Se ha dicho que ésta es la tercera gran dispu­ ta metodológica de las ciencias sociales en el ámbito lingüístico alemán. Y que al igual que las anteriores —el enfrentamiento entre Gustav von Schmoller y Karl Menger a propósito del inductivismo histórico y el deducíivismo teorético en la economía política a fi­ nes del XIX y la célebre polémica en torno a los juicios de valor y Nota marginal a una polémica 9 la pretendida «desvinculación axiológica» (Wertfreiheit) desatada, en un clima de tensión poco común, por Max Weber en 1909 y que aún divide a los profesionales de estas disciplinas^— ha acabado por convertirse, como el lector de los trabajos aquí reunidos percibe en seguida, en una disputa sobre fines (en este caso, y en los ante­ riores, en cierto modo, también, sobre la naturaleza y función de las ciencias sociales en la sociedad contemporánea). El peso de la polémica corresponde, de todos modos, a las in­ tervenciones de Jürgen Habermas (al que no cabe calificar, sin más, de «frankfurtiano» estricto) y de Hans Albcrt (sistematizador, en numerosas publicaciones, de las tesis de Popper). La ordenación de ambas posturas de cara a una contrastación crítica entre una y otra, más allá del simple enunciado programático o del slogan volunlarista, debe ser buscada en sus respectivos trabajos. Y el ba­ lance final, en el que todo queda abierto e inconcluso, en la Intro­ ducción de Adorno. Desde el ángulo, mucho más concreto, de una cuestión dispu­ tada —«¿Capitalismo avanzado o sociedad industrial?»— la polémi­ ca se repitió, en sus momentos esenciales, en el Congreso de 1968. Celebrado esta vez en Frankfurt —la cuna de la «teoría crítica»—, la clarificación del conflicto en la que, tras de una preparación tan larga, confiaban algunos, cedió a lo que definitivamente hay que considerar, según parece, como un endurecimiento de frentes no separable, por supuesto, del general trasfondo político de todo el asunto. Por una vez, al menos, el problema en juego es, pues, de eviden­ cia y peso innegables, lo que permite sustraerlo a ese «magma mer­ cantil de constante y falso cambio», en el que, como fruto de la fusión de la publicidad con las pulsaciones del gusto y con la pro­ ducción artística e ideológica, vienen siendo integrados, de manera creciente, los más diversos momentos de la subcultura pretendida­ mente superior o académica. A pesar de su abierta y manipulable actualidad —o, en virtud, quizá, de la real potencia de la misma— el haz de cuestiones a cuyo desarrollo más o menos fragmentario cabe asistir a lo largo de los siguientes ensayos puede resistir muy bien la prueba de esa desconfiada reticencia a la que con tanta frecuencia se ven obligados a acogerse, en nuestro mundo cultural, cuantos todavía no se han resignado irremediablemente a confundir moda y teoría en un mirage venal o autojustificatorio. JACOBO MUÑOZ Departamento de Historia de la Filosofía Universidad de Barcelona THEODOR W. ADORNO INTRODUCCIÓN A Fred Pollock en sus setenta y cinco años con amistad sincera «Sésamo, ¡ábrete, quiero salir!» STANISLAW JERZY LEC En sus penetrantes observaciones a la discusión celebrada en Tübingen a raíz de las dos ponencias que abrieron en Alemania la controversia pública en torno a la dialéctica y a la sociología positivista en el más amplio sentido •, Ralf Dahrendorf se lamenta de que «durante toda la discusión se echara a faltar la intensidad propia de unas diferencias de puntos de vista del calibre de las existentes»^, añadiendo que, en consecuencia, algunos de los par­ ticipantes en la discusión pusieron de relieve «la falta de tensión perceptible entre las dos ponencias principales y sus autores»^.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Critical Rationalism and Scientific Competition∗
    Analyse & Kritik 02/2010 ( c Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart) S. 247266 Max Albert Critical Rationalism and Scientic Competition∗ Abstract: This paper considers critical rationalism under an institutional perspective. It argues that a methodology must be incentive compatible in order to prevail in scientic competition. As shown by a formal game-theoretic model of scientic com- petition, incentive compatibility requires quality standards that are hereditary: using high-quality research as an input must increase a researcher's chances to produce high- quality output. Critical rationalism is incentive compatible because of the way it deals with the Duhem-Quine problem. An example from experimental economics illustrates the relevance of the arguments. 1. Introduction In this paper, I consider Karl Popper's critical rationalism under an institutional perspective.1 Such a perspective is already apparent in Popper's own works (Jarvie 2001) and has been stressed and developed especially by Hans Albert (e.g. 1985[1968], ch. 2, section 6; 2006; 2010). Following this line of thought, the present paper consider methodologies in general, and critical rationalism specif- ically, in the context of a formal game-theoretic model of scientic competition where the relevant methodology serves as a constitution of science. This extended institutional perspective oers new arguments that can be used to criticize methodologies. The arguments are based on the fact that a scientic eld's methodology generates specic incentives and disincentives for researchers. Science, like a market economy, is characterized by competition and cooper- ation.2 Although science is very dierent from a market, the two institution are ∗ Paper based on a talk at the conference Collective Knowledge and Epistemic Trust, Greifs- wald, 68 May 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Positivist Disputes in the 1960S
    JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY THREE POSITIVIST DISPUTES IN THE 1960S VOLUME 6, NUMBER 8 CARL-GörAN HEIDEGREN EDITOR IN CHIEF MARCUS ROSSBERG, UnIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT The West German positivist dispute in the 1960s is well known EDITORIAL BOARD and thoroughly studied. At about the same time positivist dis- ANNALISA COLIVA, UC IRVINE putes also took place in two Scandinavian countries: one in Nor- HENRY JACKMAN, YORK UnIVERSITY way and one in Sweden. What did the front lines in the debate KEVIN C. KLEMENt, UnIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS look like in the three countries? What was the outcome of the dif- CONSUELO PRETI, THE COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY ferent disputes? The main focus in the article is on the Swedish ANTHONY SKELTON, WESTERN UnIVERSITY case, but some comparative perspectives relating to the three MARK TEXTOR, KING’S COLLEGE LonDON disputes will also be presented. The Swedish positivist dispute AUDREY YAP, UnIVERSITY OF VICTORIA originated with Gerard Radnitzky’s doctoral dissertation in the- RICHARD ZACH, UnIVERSITY OF CALGARY ory of science, defended at the University of Gothenburg in May 1968, Contemporary Schools of Metascience (2 volumes). The dis- EDITOR FOR SPECIAL ISSUES sertation caused a stir of controversy. It meant a challenge to the SANDRA LaPOINte, MCMASTER UnIVERSITY Swedish philsophical establishment because it leaned heavily on continental philosophers such as Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen REVIEW EDITORS Habermas, who at the time were more or less unknown in Swe- SEAN MORRIS, METROPOLITAN STATE UnIVERSITY OF DenVER den. The controversy was continuated in the following years, SANFORD SHIEH, WESLEYAN UnIVERSITY most notably in the leftist journal Häften för kritiska studier (Note- DESIGN AND LAYOUT books for Critical Studies).
    [Show full text]
  • Kolev Ostrom Eucken Weber Final
    Antipathy for Heidelberg, Sympathy for Freiburg? Vincent Ostrom on Max Weber, Walter Eucken, and the Compound History of Order Stefan Kolev1 [For the Colloquium on November 18, I would particularly appreciate comments on Section 4, Sections 2 and 3 provide the context for Section 4.] Abstract Vincent Ostrom’s legacy is revisited in this paper along three dimensions: Ostrom’s contributions as a historian of politico-economic thought, as a complexity theorist and as an epistemologist. All three dimensions are captured from a perspective which has seldom been studied systematically before: The paper reconstructs Ostrom as a reader and interpreter of German politico-economic thought, especially of Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy and of Walter Eucken’s theory of social and epistemic orders. The systems of these two German social scientists embody for Ostrom the two types of social order central to his own typology. By incorporating archival sources from the Vincent Ostrom Papers, including extensive correspondence with German colleagues he met during the Ostroms’ 1981/1982 stay at Bielefeld University’s Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), the paper depicts how the study of Eucken’s research program during the 1980s and 1990s constituted the final layer of Ostrom’s decades-long engagement with intellectual history. 1 Professor of Political Economy, University of Applied Sciences Zwickau and Deputy Director, Wilhelm Röpke Institute, Erfurt, Germany. Contact at [email protected]. This paper was written while being a Visiting Scholar at the Ostrom Workshop, Indiana University Bloomington, September 1 – November 30, 2019. The financial and logistical assistance of the Ostrom Workshop as well as of Indiana University’s Lilly Library is greatly appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Classical Sociology VOLUME 15 ISSUE 2 May 2015
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PhilPapers Journal of Classical Sociology VOLUME 15 ISSUE 2 MAY 2015 Contents Special Issue on What Is Living and What Is Dead of The Positivist Dispute? Fifty Years Later, A Debate Guest Editor: Vincenzo Mele Introduction 99 Special Issue Articles Critical rationalists much too narrow contribution to Der Positivismusstreit: Alternative political theories which conform to fallibilist, individualist methodologies were needed then and are needed today 102 John Wettersten Adorno’s position in the positivism dispute: A historical perspective 115 Klaus Lichtblau Science and Society in Karl Raimund Popper: Some reflections starting from Positivismusstreit 122 Andrea Borghini ‘At the crossroad of Magic and Positivism’. Roots of an Evidential Paradigm through Benjamin and Adorno 139 Vincenzo Mele The positivist dispute in German sociology: A scientific or a political controversy? 154 Herbert Keuth The foundations of a critical social theory: Lessons from the Positivismusstreit 170 Gabriele De Angelis The Positivist Dispute after 50 years – An unrepentant ‘positivist’ view 185 Reinhard Neck The Frankfurt School and the young Habermas: Traces of an intellectual path (1956–1964) 191 Luca Corchia Karl Popper, critical rationalism, and the Positivist Dispute 209 Hans Albert In memoriam Ulrich Beck and classical sociological theory 220 Natan Sznaider Book review The Democratic Horizon: Hyperpluralism and the Renewal of Political Liberalism 226 Alessandro Ferrara, reviewed by Amelia
    [Show full text]
  • Karl Popper and Hans Albert Ð the Broad Scope of Critical Rationalism
    Rethinking Popper BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editors ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University JÜRGEN RENN, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science KOSTAS GAVROGLU, University of Athens Editorial Advisory Board THOMAS F. GLICK, Boston University ADOLF GRÜNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY†, (Editor 1960–1997) VOLUME 272 For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5710 RETHINKING POPPER Edited by ZUZANA PARUSNIKOVÁ Institute of Philosophy, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic and ROBERT S. COHEN Boston University, Center for the Philosophy & History of Science, Boston, USA Editors Zuzanna Parusniková Robert S. Cohen Institute of Philosophy, Boston University Academy of Sciences of the Center for the Philosophy & History of Science Czech Republic 745 Commonwealth Ave. Jilska 1 Boston MA 02215 110 00 Prague 1 USA Czech Republic ISBN 978-1-4020-9337-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9338-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940576 © 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com Contents Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Part I Reason, Logic, Science Experience and Perceptual Belief ................................................................. 5 Alan Musgrave Critical Rationalism and the Principle of Suffi cient Reason ....................
    [Show full text]
  • Model Platonism: Neoclassical Economic Thought in Critical Light
    Journal of Institutional Economics (2012), 8: 3, 295–323 C Millennium Economics Ltd 2012 doi:10.1017/S1744137412000021 Model Platonism: Neoclassical economic thought in critical light HANS ALBERT Translated from the German text of 1963 by: DARRELL ARNOLD Faculty of History, Philosophy, and Global Studies, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, FL, USA FRANK MAIER-RIGAUD∗ IESEG´ School of Management (LEM-CNRS), Paris, France; OECD Competition Division, Paris, France; Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany Abstract: This article is a translation of the original German text of Hans Albert’s 1963 article titled ‘Modell-Platonismus. Der neoklassische Stil des okonomischen¨ Denkens in kritischer Beleuchtung’, in F. Karrenberg and H. Albert (eds.), Sozialwissenschaft und Gesellschaftsgestaltung – Festschrift fur¨ Gerhard Weisser, Berlin: Duncker und Humblot, 45–76. The enduring relevance of Hans Albert’s critique together with an introduction to the author as one of Germanys most distinguished philosophers of science can be found in Arnold and Maier-Rigaud (2012) also in this volume. 1. Introduction Those who view theoretical economics as an empirical science – and the majority of modern economists will be included here – will generally come to the conclusion that, in the final analysis, all of the phenomena that it investigates can be traced back to human behavior, to the opinions, decisions, and actions of individuals. The theory speaks of economic subjects, who appear in their capacities as consumers, employees, holders of assets, businessmen, etc. and behave in accord with certain perspectives, which are important to investigate. The issue is thus the action of certain social role players, and economics cuts out a segment of the role structure of society that it views as economically relevant and able to be analysed under reasonably unified theoretical points of view.1 ∗Email: [email protected] Both authors would like to express their gratitude to Hans Albert for authorizing this translation.
    [Show full text]
  • Freiburger Diskussionspapiere Freiburg
    Antipathy for Heidelberg, Sympathy for Freiburg? Vincent Ostrom on Max Weber, Walter Eucken, and the Compound History of Order Stefan Kolev 19/6 Freiburger Diskussionspapiere zur Ordnungsökonomik Freiburg Discussionpapers on Constitutional Economics Institut für allgemeine Wirtschaftsforschung Abteilung Wirtschaftspolitik und Ordnungsökonomik ISSN 1437-1510 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Antipathy for Heidelberg, Sympathy for Freiburg? Vincent Ostrom on Max Weber, Walter Eucken, and the Compound History of Order Stefan Kolev1 Abstract Vincent Ostrom’s legacy is revisited in this paper along three dimensions: Ostrom’s contributions as a historian of politico-economic thought, as a complexity theorist, and as an epistemologist. All three dimensions are captured from a perspective which has seldom been studied systematically before: The paper reconstructs Ostrom as a reader and interpreter of German politico-economic thought, especially of Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy and of Walter Eucken’s theory of social and epistemic orders. The systems of these two German social scientists embody for Ostrom the two types of social order central to his own typology. The paper incorporates archival sources from the Elinor and Vincent Ostrom Papers, including unpublished papers and correspondence with German social scientists he met during the Ostroms’ 1981/1982 stay at Bielefeld University’s Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF). Overall, this narrative focuses on what Ostrom called in his reception of the Freiburg School “Eucken’s challenge”: A set of inquiries about the relevance of political economy for the study of polycentric orders. Keywords: Bloomington School, Freiburg School, political theory, history of economics, economic sociology, polycentricity, epistemology JEL Codes: A12 · B25 ·B41 · D73 · H11· H41· Z13 1 Professor of Political Economy, University of Applied Sciences Zwickau and Deputy Director, Wilhelm Röpke Institute, Erfurt, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Trump's 2016 Presidential Campaign and Adorno's Psychological
    tripleC 17(2): 202-220, 2019 http://www.triple-c.at Trump’s 2016 Presidential Campaign and Adorno’s Psychological Technique: Content Analyses of Authoritarian Populism Timothy Haverda* and Jeffrey A. Halley** *(Corresponding author) University of Oregon, Eugene, USA, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6222-2766, https://timhaverda.wordpress.com/ ** The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA, [email protected], http://colfa.utsa.edu/sociology/faculty/halley Abstract: There has been a burgeoning interest in the sociology of the Frankfurt School as well as the oeuvre of Theodor W. Adorno since the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald J. Trump. The objectives of this study are to both illustrate the enduring importance of Adorno and to provide an important theoretical outline in making sense of Trump’s 2016 United States presidential campaign. Using Adorno’s understudied textual analysis of the radio addresses of Martin Luther Thomas and data from Trump’s 2016 US presidential campaign, we find that Trump’s own discourse can be condensed into three of Adorno’s rhetorical devices: (1) the lone wolf device or anti-statism/pseudo-conservatism, reflecting his criticism of “special interests” and his appraisal of business and (self-)finance; (2) the movement device, which amounted to glorification of action; and (3) the exactitude of error device which amounted to xenophobic, ethnonationalist hyperbole. Keywords: Donald Trump, Theodor W. Adorno, authoritarian populism, critical theory, 2016 US Presidential Election, content analysis 1. Introduction Near the conclusion of Donald Trump’s 2017 inaugural address, the recently-elected President of the United States declared, “We will no longer accept politicians who are all talk and no action – constantly complaining but never doing anything about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Rationalism Further Opinions and Developments Guidelines
    Introduction Critical Rationalism Further Opinions and Developments Guidelines Critical Rationalism Matthias Baumgart1 Yaser Houri2 Özlem Maras3 1Efficient Algorithms, TU München, [email protected] 2System Architecture Group, University of Karlsruhe, [email protected] 3Applied Informatics Cooperative Systems, TU München [email protected] September 12, 2007 M. Baumgart, Y. Houri, Ö. Maras Critical Rationalism Introduction Critical Rationalism Further Opinions and Developments Guidelines Content 1 Introduction 2 Critical Rationalism 3 Further Opinions and Developments 4 Guidelines M. Baumgart, Y. Houri, Ö. Maras Critical Rationalism Introduction Critical Rationalism Further Opinions and Developments Guidelines Introduction Questions: What is the truth? What is subjective and what is objective knowledge? How to develop scientific theories? M. Baumgart, Y. Houri, Ö. Maras Critical Rationalism Introduction Definition Critical Rationalism History Further Opinions and Developments Philosophy of Science Guidelines Definition The critical rationalism is a philosophic way of thinking. The basic principle of knowledge improvement and problem solving is try and error. Critical rationalists hold that scientific theories, and any other claims to knowledge, can and should be rationally criticized, and (if they have empirical content) can and should be subjected to tests which may refute them. M. Baumgart, Y. Houri, Ö. Maras Critical Rationalism Introduction Definition Critical Rationalism History Further Opinions and Developments Philosophy of Science Guidelines
    [Show full text]
  • Comments on the Critical Rationalism of Hans Albert
    Folia Philosophica 34 ISSN 2353-9445 (online) ISSN 1231-0913 (print) Krzysztof Wieczorek Why Should We Think Critically? Comments on the Critical Rationalism of Hans Albert Abstract: Leszek Kołakowski draws attention to the fact that rationalism as a philosophi- cal method and definitive certainty as the aim are mutually irreconcilable. Each rationalist philosophy must leave a margin for uncertainty, lest it transforms into dull dogmatism. This observation of the Polish thinker becomes a source of inspiration for Hans Albert. In his work Science and the Search for Truth, he agrees with Kołakowski that goals of phil- osophical endeavours need redefining and puts forward his own metaphilosophical pro- posal, which specifies what philosophy can and should achieve in the framework of critical realism. The author examines and evaluates Albert’s proposal, referring to another view of the nature and role of philosophy as the assessment criterion—the one presented by José Ortega y Gasset in his study En torno à Galileo [About Galileo] and other writings. Keywords: philosophical criticism, critical rationalism, thought of Hans Albert, thought of Leszek Kołakowski, certainty, dogmatism, metaphilosophy One chapter of Leszek Kołakowski’s book—short, but fundamental in the problems it discusses—Husserl and the Search for Certitude, is enti- tled: Why should we think logically? 1 The remarks and indications formu- lated there refer to the way in which Edmund Husserl justified the indis- pensability of logic within the bounds of the program of a final justification of knowledge that he constructed. Kołakowski notes that the idea of pure logic presented in the first volume of Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen, “carries a well-developed embryo of his later theory of transcendental ratio- nality” 2 and should be viewed in this context—as one of the tools (the most 1 L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Positivist Dispute in German Sociology
    The Positivist Dispute in German Sociology THEODOR W. ADORNO HANS ALBERT RALF DAHRENDORF JURGEN HABERMAS HARALD PILOT KARL R. POPPER Translated by Glyn Adey and David Frisby m vHEBy HEINEMANN LONDON Heinemann Educational Books Ltd LONDON EDINBURGH MELBOURNE AUCKLAND TORONTO HONG KONG SINGAPORE KUALA LUMPUR IBADAN NAIROBI JOHANNESBURG LUSAKA NEW DELHI KINGSTON ISBN o 435 82655 7 Paperback ISBN o 435 82656 5 © 1969 Hermann Luchterhand Verlag © 1976 English translation Heinemann Educational Books Reprinted 1977 Published by Heinemann Educational Books Ltd 48 Charles Street, London WiX 8AH Printed and bound in Great Britain by Morrison and Gibb Ltd, London and Edinburgh CONTENTS Index of Sources vii Introduction to the English Translation ix Theodor W. Adorno Introduction i Theodor W, Adorno Sociology and Empirical Research 68 Karl R. Popper The Logic of the Social Sciences 87 Theodor W. Adorno On the Logic of the Social Sciences 105 Ralf Dahrendorf Remarks on the Discussion 123 J iirgen Habermas The Analytical Theory of Science and Dialectics 131 Hans Albert The Myth of Total Reason 163 Jiirgen Habermas A Positivistically Bisected Rationalism 198 Hans Albert Behind Positivism's Back? 226 Harald Pilot Jiirgen Habermas' Empirically Falsi- fable Philosophy of History 2 5 8 Hans Albert A Short Surprised Postscript to a Long Introduction 283 Karl R. Popper Reason or Revolution? 288 Selected Bibliography 301 v INDEX OF SOURCES Theodor W. Adorno Introduction. Original: 'Einleitung', in Der Positivismusstreit in der deutschen So^iologie, Neuwied/Berlin, 1969. Theodor W. Adorno Sociology and Empirical Research. Original: 'Soziologie und empirische Forschung', in K. Ziegler (ed.), Wesen und Wirklichkeit des Menschen, Festschrift fur Helmut Plessner, Gottingen, 1957 Karl R.
    [Show full text]
  • Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics
    P1: FDJ/SPH P2: FDJ/ABE QC: FDJ CB415/Dostal CB415-FM October 18, 2001 14:49 The Cambridge Companion to GADAMER Edited by Robert J. Dostal Bryn Mawr College v P1: FDJ/SPH P2: FDJ/ABE QC: FDJ CB415/Dostal CB415-FM October 18, 2001 14:49 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press 2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United States of America Typeface 10/13 Trump Medieval System LATEX2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Cambridge companion to Gadamer / edited by Robert J. Dostal. p. cm. – (Cambridge companions to philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-521-80193-1 – ISBN 0-521-00041-6 (pbk.) 1. Gadamer, Hans Georg, 1900– I. Dostal, Robert J. II. Series. B3248.G34 C35 2002 2001037367 isbn 0 521 80193 1 hardback isbn 0 521 00041 6 paperback vi P1: FDJ/SPH P2: FDJ/ABE QC: FDJ CB415/Dostal CB415-FM October 18, 2001 14:49 CONTENTS List of Contributors page ix Abbreviations xiii Introduction robert j.
    [Show full text]