Only Copy ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION Contributor Only Copy Contributor ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION Edited by George Thomas Kurian Only and Mark A. Lamport Copy Contributor ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London Only Copy Published by Rowman & Littlefield A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB Copyright © 2015 by George Thomas Kurian and Mark A. Lamport All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of Christian education / edited by George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8108-8492-2 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-8493-9 (ebook) 1. Christian education—Encyclopedias. I. Kurian, George Thomas, editor. II. Lamport, Mark A., editor. BV1471.3.E53Contributor 2015 268.03—dc23 2014021410 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America Only From George: To my wife, Annie, beloved and faithful companion, wise counselor,Copy dedicated Christian, and doughty intercessor. From Mark: To my wife, Therese, who so beautifully examples to what extent a Christian can be educated in faith. Contributor Only Copy Contributor Contents Only Editors, Prologue and Foreword Contributors, Editorial Advisory Board, and Editorial Consultants ix Prologue by J. I. Packer xiii Foreword by Stanley Hauerwas xv Foreword by Richard J. Mouw xvii Foreword by Ronald J. Sider xix Foreword by Will Willimon Copy xxi Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxvii Introduction xxix Volume 1: A–F 1 Volume 2: G–R 529 Volume 3: S–Z 1089 Lead-in Introductions 1427 Appendix A: World Statistics on Christian Populations 1519 Appendix B: World Listing of Christian Universities by Continent 1539 Appendix C: Entries Listed by Author 1553 Index of Names 1569 Index of Entries 1591 ContributorContributing Authors 1603 — vii — Only Copy Contributor Editors, Prologue and Foreword Contributors, Editorial Advisory Board, and Editorial Consultants Only Editors Yale University. He was named “America’s Best Theolo- gian” by Time magazine in 2001. His book, A Community George Thomas Kurian is president of the Encyclo- of Character: Toward a Constructive Christian Social pedia Society and the editor of 61 books, including 27 Ethic, was selected as one of the 100 most important encyclopedias, 15 of them multivolume. His Christian books on religion of the 20th century. Hauerwas recently encyclopedias include the World Christian Encyclopedia authored Matthew: Theological Commentary on the Bible (2 vols., Oxford University Press), Dictionary of Christi- (Brazos, 2006) and The State of the University: Academic anity (Thomas Nelson Books), Encyclopedia of Christian Knowledges and the Knowledge of God (Blackwell, 2007). Civilization (4 vols., Wiley-Blackwell Publishing), Ency- clopedia of Christian Literature (2 vols., Scarecrow Press), RichardCopy J. Mouw is distinguished professor of faith and Baker Handbook of Denominations and Ministries (Baker public life after 20 years as president of Fuller Theologi- Books, 2013), and Visual Timelines of Christian History cal Seminary (1993–2013). He also served FTS as pro- (Harvest House, 2014). vost, senior vice president, and professor of Christian philosophy and ethics beginning in 1985. Mouw served Mark A. Lamport (PhD, curriculum and instruction, for 17 years as professor of philosophy at Calvin Col- Michigan State University) is professor of practical the- lege (Michigan). A graduate of Houghton College, he ology/educational ministry at graduate schools in Colo- studied at Western Theological Seminary and earned rado, Arizona, Virginia, California, Indiana, Belgium, a master’s degree in philosophy at the University of Wales, and Portugal. He has master’s degrees in bibli- Alberta. His PhD in philosophy is from the University cal studies from Wheaton Graduate School (Illinois), of Chicago. He is the author of 19 books, including The in church history from Evangelical Theological Semi- Smell of Sawdust; Calvinism in the Las Vegas Airport; nary (Pennsylvania), and in Christian education from Praying at Burger King; Uncommon Decency; and most Princeton Theological Seminary (New Jersey), and has recently, Abraham Kuyper: A Short and Personal Intro- published for 30 consecutive years in the discipline of duction, The Challenges of Cultural Discipleship, and Christian education. Talking with Mormons. J. I. Packer was born in Gloucester, England and became Prologue and Foreword Contributors professor of systematic and historical theology at Regent Contributor College (Vancouver, British Columbia) in 1979. Time Stanley Hauerwas seeks to recover the significance of named him one of the 25 most influential evangelicals the virtues for understanding the nature of the Christian in 2005. Packer earned an MA and a DPhil from Oxford life. His work cuts across disciplinary lines in conversa- University and has lectured widely in Great Britain and tion with systematic theology, philosophical theology and North America. He is a member of the editorial council ethics, political theory, as well as the philosophy of social of Christianity Today and was general editor of the Eng- science and medical ethics. He earned a BA from South- lish Standard Version of the Bible. He is a prolific writer, western University and BD, MA, MPhil, and PhD from but is best known for Knowing God. His Collected Shorter — ix — x Editors, Contributors, Advisory Board, and Consultants Writings are available in four volumes, and a selection and editor of Didache: Faithful Teaching, a journal for of his articles is published as The J.I. Packer Collection. Wesleyan Higher Education. Packer is associated with St. John’s Vancouver Anglican Church, which in February 2008 voted to leave the Angli- Joel Carpenter (PhD, history, Johns Hopkins University) can Church of Canada. is director of the Nagel Institute for the Study of World Christianity of Calvin College. He has a long-standing in- Ronald J. Sider is senior distinguished professor of theol- terest in American religious and cultural history, the his- ogy, holistic ministry, and public policy at Palmer Theo- tory of Christianity in Africa and Asia, and Christianity logical Seminary of Eastern University (Pennsylvania). in higher education. Carpenter is coeditor of The Chang- An ordained minister in the Mennonite and Brethren in ing Face of Christianity: Africa, the West, and the World Christ Churches, his BD, MA, and PhD (history) degrees (2005) and author of Revive Us Again: The Reawakening are from Yale University. Sider has provided leadership of American Fundamentalism (1997). to those who recognize not just the spiritual, but also the social and political implications of a high view of scrip- Ralph Enlow serves as president of the Association for ture. Among more than 30 published books, his Rich Biblical Higher Education (abhe.org), whose 200 North Christians in an Age of Hunger was lauded by Christianity American member and affiliate institutions engage stu- Today as among the top 100 books on religion in the 20th dents in education that is distinctivelyOnly biblical, trans- century and the seventh most influential in the evangeli- formational, experiential, and missional. Enlow is also cal world in the last 50 years. He is the founder and presi- a founding member of Global Associates for Transfor- dent of Evangelicals for Social Action (ESA). mational Education and author of The Leader’s Palette: Seven Primary Colors (2013). Will Willimon served as the dean of Duke Chapel and professor of Christian ministry at Duke University for 20 James Riley Estep Jr. (DMin, Southern Baptist Theologi- years. He returned to Duke after serving as the United cal Seminary; PhD Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is Methodist Church Bishop of the North Alabama Confer- dean of the School of Undergraduate Studies at Lincoln ence (2004–2012). He earned a BA from Wofford Col- Christian University (Illinois) and teaches Christian edu- lege, an MDiv at Yale Divinity School, and an STD from cationCopy at its seminary. Emory University. Willimon is the author of 60 books. His Worship as Pastoral Care was selected as one of the Charles R. Foster is professor of religion and education 10 most useful books for pastors by the Academy of Par- emeritus at the Candler School of Theology, Emory Uni- ish Clergy. More than a million copies of his books have versity. He is the author of From Generation to Genera- been sold. He is editor-at-large for The Christian Century. tion and Educating Congregations; project director and His book Pastor: The Theology and Practice of Ordained lead author of Educating Clergy: Teaching Practices and Leadership is used in dozens of seminaries. Pastoral Imagination; and coauthor of We Are the Church Together, Working with Black Youth, and The Church in the Education of the Public. Editorial Advisory Board Bryan Froehle directs the PhD program