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He Whakapapa Tōu, He Tuakiri Anō Tōu: the Importance of Whakapapa to an Urban Māori Identity

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He Whakapapa Tōu, He Tuakiri Anō Tōu: the Importance of Whakapapa to an Urban Māori Identity He whakapapa tōu, he tuakiri anō tōu: The importance of whakapapa to an urban Māori identity Wahineata Smith He tuhinga whakapae i whakaritea mō te Tohu Kairangi ki Te Wānanga Aronui o Tāmaki-makau-rau March 2012 Hei Tāpaetanga Kua tuhia tēnei mō tāku tamāhine, mōu Te Puawaitanga. Ahakoa te aha taku matahīapo, ka tū pakari koe me te mōhio ki ō whakapapa He whakamaumahara hoki tēnei tuhinga mō tōku whaea, mōu Parekiawhitu. Kei taku taha koe mai i te tīmatanga o taku haerenga tae noa ki te mutunga. Ahakoa kāore koe i konei ā- tinana, kei te mātua mōhio au, kei konei tonu koe e tautoko ā-wairua ana. Taku aroha mutunga kore, e Whae, taku aroha mutunga kore! ii Te Rārangi Upoko Whārangi Hei Tāpaetanga ii Te Rārangi Upoko iii Ngā Mahere vii Ngā Mapi vii Ngā Whakaahua vii Ngā Whakapapa vii Ngā Pepeha vii Ngā Ripanga vii Attestation of Authorship ix Ngā Mihi x He Whakarāpopototanga xii He Whakamārama 1 I ahu mai te kaupapa nei i whea? 1 Ko tōku huarahi 1 Ko ngā whakataukī, ko ngā whakatauākī rānei 2 Ko ngā āpitihanga 3 Ko ngā uiuinga 4 Ko te whakatakotoranga o ngā rauemi 5 Kupu Whakataki 6 I ahu mai te kaupapa kōrero nei i whea? 7 Ko tōku huarahi 10 Ko te rangahau ā-kaupapa Māori 11 Ko ngā uiuinga 17 Ko wai ngā kaikōrero? 18 I pēwhea ngā uiui i whakahaere? 18 Ko te whakautu ā-pepa 19 Ko te mahere tikanga 20 Ko te whakatakotoranga o te tuhinga nei 23 Te Ao Tawhito: Te Wāhanga Tuatahi 23 Te Ao Hou: Te Wāhanga Tuarua 26 Ko te Wehenga Tuatahi 28 Ko te Wehenga Tuarua 30 Hei Whakakapi 31 Te Wehenga Tuatahi: Te Ao Tawhito 33 Upoko Tuatahi: I te tīmatanga ko Te Kore 34 Ko ngā whakapono mō Io 35 Ko ngā ōritenga nō te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa 40 Ko ngā Whare Wānanga 42 Ko ngā wāhanga o te orokohanga mai o te ao 43 iii Ko Te Kore 45 Ko Te Pō 46 Ko Te Ao Mārama 48 Ko Whiro 51 Ko Tāne Mahuta 52 Ko Tangaroa 53 Ko Tūmatauenga 54 Ko Tāwhirimātea 55 Ko Rongomātāne 55 Ko Haumia-tiketike 56 Ko Rūaumoko 56 Hei Whakakapi 57 Upoko Tuarua: He kākano i ruia mai i Rangiātea 60 Ko ngā ariā Māori 61 Ko te Mana 61 Mana Atua 62 Mana Tangata/Mana Whakatupu 64 Mana Whenua 65 Ko te Tapu 67 Ko te Noa 70 Ko te Wairua 72 Ko te Whenua 74 Ko ētehi atu āhuatanga Māori 75 Ko te hekenga waka 75 Ko te waka 78 Ko te iwi 83 Ko te hapū 85 Hei Whakakapi 86 Upoko Tuatoru: Ko te kura i huna ki roto ki te toto 88 He aha te whakapapa? 89 Ko ngā tūmomo whakapapa 93 Whakamoe 95 Taotahi 97 Tararere 99 Tāhū 100 Whakapiri 102 Hikohiko 102 Hei aha te whakapapa? 104 Te tātai whakapapa 108 Hei Whakakapi 112 Upoko Tuawhā: Hūtia te rito o te harakeke, kei whea te kōmako 115 e kō? He aha te whānau? 116 Ko te hanganga o te whānau 118 iv Ko te whāngai 121 Ko ngā pūtake mō te whāngai 123 Ko te tuakiri 126 Hei Whakakapi 127 Te Wehenga Tuarua: Te Ao Hou 129 Upoko Tuarima: Mā tini, mā mano ka rapa te whai 130 Te taenga mai o te Pākehā 131 Ko ngā āhuatanga whakahaumanu 134 Rōpū ā-tāone 139 Ko te Ahi kāroa 140 Ko te Ahi mahana 141 Ko te Ahi teretere 141 Ko te Ahi mātao 142 Ko te Rāwaho 143 Hei Whakakapi 145 Upoko Tuaono: He tini ki runga, he tāmore ki raro 148 He aha te tuakiri? 150 Ko te hāwhe kāihe 158 Me pēwhea ngā tātai whakapapa e rua, nui ake rānei? 160 I ahu mai te kupu „Māori‟ me te kupu „Pākehā‟ i whea? 161 Ko te whakaōrautanga toto 165 Ko ngā tāngata noho ā-tāone 171 Hei Whakakapi 174 Upoko Tuawhitu: Hoki atu ki tōu maunga kia purea ai 176 e ngā hau o Tāwhirimātea Ko te tikanga 177 Ko wai ngā kaikōrero? 179 Ko ngā Wāhine 180 Ko ngā Tāne 180 Ko ngā Whaea 181 Ko ngā Mātua 182 Ko ngā Rūruhi 182 Ko ngā Koroheke 183 Ko ngā hua o ngā uiuinga 186 He aha te whakamāramatanga o te whakapapa? 186 He aha ngā hua o te mōhiotanga ki tō whakapapa? 189 He aha te whakamāramatanga o te tuakiri? 192 He aha ētehi āhuatanga hei hanga i te tuakiri? 195 He aha ētehi aukatinga ki te ako whakapapa? 198 He aha āu kōrero akiaki? 200 He aha ngā āwhinatanga ki te ako whakapapa? 202 Ko ngā whakaaro ake 203 Ko te pātai tuatahi 203 Ko te pātai tuarua 204 v Ko te pātai tuatoru 205 Ko te pātai tuawhā 207 He tuakiri Māori tōu mehemea kāore koe e mōhio ana ki tōu whakapapa? 208 Hei Whakakapi 209 He Kōrero Whakatepe: Kōtahi te kōwhao o te ngira e kuhuna ai 211 te miro mā, te miro pango me te miro whero Ko te tino kaupapa 211 Ko te tongi 213 He taonga te reo 213 Ko Tūhono 215 Ko te ahikā me te rāwaho 216 Ko ngā taunaki 218 Ko ngā Rauemi 222 Ko te whakatakotoranga o ngā rauemi 222 Ko te Rārangi Rauemi 223 Ko Ngā Uiui 235 vi Ngā Mahere Whārangi Te mahere 1: Ko te Mahere Tikanga 22 Te mahere 2: Ko ngā reanga tukua mana 63 Te mahere 3: Ko ngā iwi i uiuitia 178 Te mahere 4: Tokowhia ngā kaiwhakautu pātai? 179 Ngā Mapi Te mapi 1: Ngā wāhi i ū mai ngā waka 80 Te mapi 2: I whea ngā kaikōrero e noho ana 185 Ngā Whakaahua Te whakaahua 1: Ko te Tapu 69 Ngā Whakapapa Te whakapapa 1: Ko ngā wehenga e whā 44 Te whakapapa 2: Ko te whakapapa nō Ngāti Toa/Ngāti Raukawa 45 Te whakapapa 3: Ko te whakamoe o Whaka-otirangi rāua ko Hoturoa 97 Te whakapapa 4: Ko te taotahi o Tainui 98 Te whakapapa 5: Ko te tararere o Ngāti Hangarau 100 Te whakapapa 6: Ko te tāhū o Rongokako rāua ko Muriwhenua 101 Ngā Pepeha Te pepeha 1: He tauira o tētehi pepeha 66 Ngā Ripanga Te Ripanga 1: Ko ngā atua me ō rātou takiwā 51 Te Ripanga 2: Ko ngā ōritenga o Poronēhia 77 Te Ripanga 3: Ko ngā waka rongonui 82 Te Ripanga 4: Ko ngā tūmomo whakapapa 93 Te Ripanga 5: Ko ētehi atu tūmomo whakapapa 94 Te Ripanga 6: Ko ētehi kupu whakapapa 94 Te Ripanga 7: Ko ētehi kupu whakapapa mō ngā tāngata 95 Te Ripanga 8: Ko te hanganga whānau 117 Te Ripanga 9: Ko ngā tūmomo ahi 143 vii Te Ripanga 10: Ko ngā tatauranga o ngā kore mōhio 170 Te Ripanga 11: Ko ngā tatauranga o ngā Hotahota o te Whitau 171 Te Ripanga 12: I whea ngā kaikōrero e noho ana 183 viii Attestation of Authorship I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person (except where explicitly defined in the acknowledgements), nor material which to a substantial extent has been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning. ix Ngā Mihi Me mihi ki ngā whītiki o te kī ka tika. Ki ōku nei kaikoha kōrero, kaikōrero rānei mō te tuhinga nei, nei rā te mihi maioha ki a koutou katoa. He mihi aroha hoki tēnei mō ō koutou whakaaro rangatira e whakakīnaki ana i āku tuhinga, i ōku whakaaro ake hoki. E harikoa ana tōku ngākau mō ō koutou whai wā ki te tāpiri i ētehi atu kōrero rangatira, ki te tāpiri hoki i ētehi tirohanga kē atu ki tāku. Nei ka mihi ki a koutou katoa, e „tāne‟ mā, e „wāhine‟ mā, e „whaea‟ mā, e „matua‟ mā, e „rūruhi‟ mā, e „koroheke‟ mā, nei ka mihi. I taku taenga atu ki Te Wānanga Aronui o Tāmaki-makau-rau i te tau 2008 ka tīmata tēnei haerenga. He mihi tuatahi tēnei ki a Pare Keiha, te Tumuaki o Te Ara Poutama. Ahakoa kāore tāua i tino kite, i tino kōrerorero, e mōhiotia rawatia ana, he maha āu mahi mō taku otinga pai i te tuhinga nei. Nei rā te mihi. Otirā ki aku hoa mahi katoa o Te Ara Poutama mō ā koutou kupu tautoko, mō ā koutou kai, mō ā koutou manaakitanga hoki. Kei te mihi, kei te mihi, kei te mihi. Ka mutu, he hiahia nōku ki te whakanui i te whānau whānui o AUT, mō te karahipi hoki i whakawhiwhia, he pūtea nui whakaharahara ki taku otinga pai o te tuhinga nei. Kei te mihi. Ka huri āku mihi ki ngā pou o te mahi tuhinga nei, ki ōku kaitohutohu, ki a Te Murumāra (Mū), ki a Tānia Ka‟ai (Prof) anō hoki. He mihi tēnei mō tō kōrua manawanui, mō tō kōrua kaha hoki kia kore tēnei waka e paremo rawa ai. Mei kore i ā kōrua kōrero akiaki, tautoko rānei, i ā kōrua kōwhete, i ā kōrua pānui i āku tuhinga maha, kāore e kore, kua kotiti haere te waka nei. Ahakoa kāore i ārikarika ngā heke, ahakoa te iti o ngā piki, kua ea katoa ngā mahi ināianei, nā reira, nei ka mihi. E te tungane, Dean (Bro), ahakoa kua tae āhua tōmuri ki te tautoko i āku nei mahi tuhinga nei, he tūmomo taonga āu tuhinga, āu kupu akiaki, āu kupu āwhina kia oti pai ai te tuhinga nei.
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