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Home , Kintyre, Prehistoric Scotland

The Cup-and-Ring Marks and Similar Sculptures of : a Survey of the Southern Counties, Part II by Ronald W. B. Morris

Continuing the survey begun in a recent volume of the Proceedings of this Society1 (here called 'Part I'), I have covered the counties of Berwick, Clackmannan, , Kinross, East , Midlothian, , Peebles, Roxburgh, Selkir Stirlingd kan havI . e also covered mosf o t , but have excluded here the whole of the Kintyre peninsula S. of and the head of , apart fro parise mth f Saddelho Skipnessd an l .exclude e Parth f o t d are alreads ai y well covere Misy db s Marion CampbelPs excellent surve anotheyn i r issu thesf eo e Proceedings.2 rese tTh wil coveree lb forthcomin e th n di g volum 'Kintyre'n eo , whic firshe th wil te e parth lb f o t Royal Commission's Inventory of the ancient monuments of Argyll, but I have been tempted to includ Skipnese eth s area becaus mane th f yeo previously unnoted sites which have been brought noticy m o et there materiae Th . l derived from Miss Campbell's surve yhaveI , wit approvalr hhe , mape th f sitesf o so uset alse i ; mako dot on includep eu l additionaal s l siten i sr notehe y db Discovery and Excavation up to and including 1967. To give a balanced picture there are included in another map all the sites in Kintyre listed by the late Mrs Macalister Hall in her inventory which is deposited, with photographs, in the museum at . lase tTh general lisf rock-carvingo t coverearee w th ano n i s d appeare n 1882,i d 3 when fourteen sites were presenlistede th n I . t List, apart from museums, ther ovee ear hundrera d dan eighty sites, of which more than sixty, so far as I can trace, have not previously been recorded, unless Discoveryn i reporte e m Excavation.d y an b d Over sixty stone e area'd castth an sn si museums are also listed, by far the best collection being in the National Museum of Antiquities, in . I have also taken the opportunity of bringing the List in Part I up to date, and have added notes on thirty sites which have come to my notice in SW. Scotland since Part I was published. Every site liste s beedha n visitepersonalle m y db y unless otherwise stateListe th ,n d i wit h exceptioe th thref no e sites4 which were r Douglavisitebehaly M m y n d b f. Baileyo C sha o ,wh hope collaborato dt e wit agaie hm thin preventedi s s Partwa t ,bu , largel pressury yb businessf eo . He and I, however, both visited over thirty of the sites,5 and he has once again given me the benefi mucof t h valuable heladvicepand additio In List .site the the havI , s in nto e visited about a third of the sites listed by Miss Campbell and Mrs Macalister Hall - quite enough to give me full confidence in including these sites on the maps. As wit deeply-indebtehm a Par I , I t Alastaido t r MacLare Royae th f o nl Commission no Ancient Monuments freelo wh ,y informatio e gav th acces e l e m al availabl d o st ha greae a n h n eo t man alss y ha osites d providean , d much excellent heladviced pan .

Lis• t Nos1. PSAS,138-9 , xcv167m. (1964-6) ff0 . 15 , 1 PSAS, xcv (1961-2), 29 ff. ! List Nos. 78-82, 84,100-3, 106-9, 120, 128-30,133- , 1374 , 166 ,263-6d 174-83 an PSAS, 7 . 24 , xvi (1881-2), 122. 48 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F SYO 1967-8 Wherever available, the same 'Standard Details' are given for each site as were given in Part I. The further facts and figures which were noted when preparing Part I appeared in full in the Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society1 recently; and the same columns of facts and

FIG. \. South Eastern Centrald an Scotland; aree limie th af th covereo t shows di hatchea y nb d numbelinee Th . r opposite each numbes sit it List solie e s ei th Th d.n ri symbols represent rock carving immovablen so r virtuallo , y immovable, rock surfaces symbole Th . s with white centres represent carving movabln so e rocks symbole Th . s used have the following meanings: 1 Group includes at least one cup-and-ring (immovable) 2 Group includes at least one cup-and-ring (movable) 3 Group include t leas sa spirae on t l (immovable) Grou4 p include t leasspirasa e on t l (movable) 5 Group includes none of above, but at least one ring (immovable) Grou6 p includes non abovef t eleaso rina e t gon t bu ,(movable ) 7 Group includes none of above, but at least one cup or dumb-bell (immovable) 8 Group include r dumb-belso nonp f above cu t eleaso a e t lon t (movablebu , ) 9 Group includes some other kind of carving as well as one of above 10 Six-mile radius round locality where gol bees dha n foun r workedo d 11 Six-mile radius round locality where coppe bees rha n foun r workedo d 1 Trans. Ancient Monuments Soc., new series, 14 (1967), 77 ff. MORRIS: CUP-AND-RING MARK9 4 | S figures will appea latea n i rr volum f thaeo t Society's Transactions r Par . fo Thes II t e factd an s figures will include note sucn so h thingdimensione th s sa angled horizontae sth an o st f eaco l h rock-carvin sites it heighs it ,d gan t above sea-leve distancd an l e fro seae mth . founs wa ds wheA n compiling Par , somtI e rock-carvings previously know exisno t t havw eno been found to be missing, turfed over, worn off, moved, or even (in a few cases) wrongly de- scribed rulea s r blow,A o ,thi . vercasea Listnotee s w si nup n th y fe I s .I haven d i , perhaps wrongly, decided that rock-carvings previously reporte thesn di e Proceedings r elsewhereo , were natural mark verr so y recent havd an ,e note Lisde ever thith o t n sni omitted referenc themo et . mann I y case directionfine o t sth d w sucho hn s o inconspicuou s object thess sa e rock-carvings have amplifiee b o t d correctedr do ha t bee. no Wher ns possiblha timt e ei th en ei availabl fino et da rock-carving or to a particular point, the old description has been put in the list in shortened for invertemn i d commas, generally wit authore name th hth f eo . Sometime thesn si e casee sth author's written information has been supplemented by using facts which could be deduced from his photographs or diagrams. Throughout this paper, the site names given are nearly always those of the farms or estates whicn o site heth lies. Site namerock-carvingl case al f th eo n si virtualln so y immovable rock, such as outcrop, are shown in plain print. Those which are movable (and which may, of course, have been moved since carving showe )ar italicsn i . Sites which include cup dumb-belld san s onlyr o , thesef o showe e ar , on lowen ni r case l siteAl .s which include carvings more complex than this, suc rings ha spiralsr so showe ar , uppen i r case. Non-geometric carvings lik e sucth e dees hd a ran (very rare in this area) have, generally speaking, not been visited or included, unless under reference to a geometric carving in near proximity. Fro informatioe mth n gathered, facte manth sf yo throw analysinn o p nu resulte gth n si Part I are confirmed by Part II. As in Part I, in this report only the immovable sites have been included in the analysis, as movable rocks may possibly not now be where they were carved. Rocks bearing only cups, basins and dumb-bells have been considered separately from those bearing more complex patterns, as it is beginning to seem possible that at least in some cases the former have different origins, and they certainly have a different geographical distribution. Some of the results of this analysis of immovable carvings are shown in figs. 6, 7 and 8, which give the distribution of sites and carvings known to me on 31st March 1968, on the basis of heights above sea-level, distances from the sea, and angles of the carved surface to the horizontal. left-hane th n I d par eacf o t thesf ho e figure addendume resulte th sth d Pargiver w an sfo I tno o n t it (see infra, p. 76) are contrasted with those for Part II. In the right-hand part of each figure the result r sitesfo s containing cups, basin dumb-belld san s onl contrastee yar d with thos r siteefo s having more complex geometric carvings, such as rings and spirals. It will be seen at once that there is considerable similarity - most sites are situated between 40 ft. and 400 ft. O.D. and are within thre ecarving e seae mileth th ; f smoso n so surfacen t o site e sar s incline t morno t eda than 20° to true horizontal. The only sites below 40 ft. O.D. are a number of rock-cut mortars in the area (apparently not of great antiquity and used within living memory for crushing bait fishing)d cave an th ed carvings.an 1 2 Traprai (Now . nhighesLa e 140th s ,i ) tPI rock-carvin4d . g in the area at 700 ft. O.D. The two sites which are farthest inland are those on Corrie Farm near Drymen (Nos. 180 and 181), 14 miles from the sea. In a recent article3 Lacaille has already remarked on this remote site (PI. 4c). Apart from rocks bearing cups and dumb-bells only, 'cavee th r 'recessd o ' an ' site t Michaea s l Colliery (No. Hawthornded 146an ) n (No. e 156)th , steepest angle of any rock-carving in the area is about 35° from horizontal - at Point Farm in

'Crotag' (s. 'crotagan') or 'Croichticen' is the local List Nos. 146, 156 and 247. 2

1 name for these features. 3 pgAS, xcvi (1962-3), 350. I PROCEEDING 0 5 SOCIETE TH F SO Y 1967-8

FIG. 2. Argyll and its isles: the hatching, numbers and symbols have the same meanings as in fig. 1 MORRIS: CUP-AND-RING MARKS 51 Argyll (No . makere 23)Th . cup-markf so s see mhavo t e ranged more widel beed yan n less con- cerne fino dt leveda l surface tha makere morne th th f eso complex marks. In the detailed analysis of the data from the sites in Part I, mentioned above, it was noticed that about eighty-five per cent of the sites in. south-western Scotland, other tha1n Argyll, were within six miles of known deposits of copper or gold. Copper and gold deposits are shown in informatioe th , 2 d figsan n1 . having been taken fro same mth e source wers sa e use Parr dfo t I.2 Analysin e siteth sl gal wher e either 'movable r 'immovableo ' ' rock carvings were founn i d

o

SCALE-

0 5 IO

FIG . Oban3 . area: numbere th symbold an s s used hav same eth e broke eth meaningt nbu fign , linei 1 .s a s represent roads

southern Scotland, as listed in Parts I and II of this survey, as well as Miss Campbell's and Mrs Macalister Hall' givo t sgenera s s eLista a o s (s pictur la possibls e a area e th seemr t )i efo s that only about fifty-three per cent of these are within six miles of copper or gold workings or deposits. About thirty-nin cenr sucf epe o t h sitecarvingd situatedo san s e Parn ar si I .I t If, however, we consider only immovable sites where the carvings are more complex than mere cups, basins and dumb-bells, it seems that in southern Scotland as a whole about eighty-four per cent of these sites are within six miles of copper or gold. There are, however, comparatively fe sucf wo h immovable sites with complex carvings outsid aree eth a covere Pary d- therb I t e ear only about fourtee Parn n i , comparativel II t y small number Mid-Argylln si nond an ,Kintyre n ei . This high overall percentage is thus largely caused by inclusion of the sites in Part I. About sixty-five per cent of similar sites in Part II are within six miles of workings. Copper workings mapshowe th n sn o compris e working l kindal f f oreso so . Probably som thesef eo , suc sulphidess ha , were completely unknow ancientse th o morne t Th .e complex

1 Trans. Ancient Monuments Soc.,seriesw ne 4 1 , 2 MemoirsGeologicalthe of Survey of Scotland: (1967) ff7 .7 , Special Reports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, xvm (1921); PPS, xvn (1951). ff 9 6 , 52 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F SYO 1967-8 rock-carvings are not all of the same series. More research is needed, but the figures given may be of help in considering the theory that cup-and-ring and similar carvings were made by early copper prospectors. In Part 2 and the addendum, practically every site is where it gets sun nearly all day. There hill-tow fe e par sites. Nearl l havyal e wide, open viewsmajorite th n i , casef yo s includinr o a gse

FIG . Cowal4 . Skipnessd an areas: numbere th symbold san s used have the same meanings as in fig. 1, but the broken lines represent roads

estuary. Very altar-likoften a carvinge n th o e ear s 'shel f outcroo f r boulderpo , juttint gou nearly horizontally from a hillside. Artifact humad san n dwellings have only been found clos vera o eyt small numbe sitesf ro . But many site neae sar r other prehistoric remains, suc standins ha g stone cairnsd san . These will be classified as to period in the full columnar analysis in the Transactions of the Ancient Monu- ments Society shortly. MORRIS: CUP-AND-RING3 MARK5 | S As was to be expected the cup-mark has proved to be by far the commonest type of carving typel al sitesf n so o , considerably more tha nthousana d being listed states A . d above, they seem havo t wideea r distributio thin i s area tha othey nan r kin markf d o r exampleFo . , excepn a r fo t occasional 'dumb-bell' (which is really a double cup) or a 'basin' (as I have, in general, dubbed all cups ove in. r5 thereaboutsr o , diameter),n ,i nothin cupt gmainlan bu e foun s si th n do Lorf do r no southern Kintyre ringe th Incn so d han , Kennet onle Muld hth y(Noan e l) ring (Noar .43 ) n so 70 . the islands. This feature of a wider distribution of cup-marks than any other carving is found in other parts of Europe.1 Next commones cupo t t thin si s are cupe aar s with complet radiaeo n ring d l san groove . There is some regional variation in the type of carving found; for example, the maps (figs. 1 and 2) show four sites where spirals have been found. Two of these, in Midlothian and Peeblesshire (Nos. 156 and 163) are within comparatively few miles of each other. The other two are also only a few miles apar - tbot h near Crina Argylln ni . possibilite Th emergins yi g that onl yvera y limited rang f stereotypeeo d design uses swa d throughout Scotlan least a r to souther d- datee n on Scotlan , e eacth t ha desig d- n being subjeco t very little variation, but the selection varying a little in different regions. Perhaps there are at most a dozen geometric patterns. Of these the 'S-shaped spiral' is found least commonly in other parts of Western Europe (PI. 4b). As was found when compiling Part I, it has again been found that sites tend to occur in groups, all the carvings in one group often (but by no means always) belonging to the same category, e.g., all may be found to be cups with 'gapped' rings. But occasionally one of a pair of adjoining sites has cup-marks only, while the other comprises or includes more complex marks, including rings. No rock-carvings at all have been found in the rugged part of Argyll N. of Loch Etive non d bees an ,e ha n foun Kinrossshirn di fairla e- y small, wholly inland county. In at least twenty-five cases in Part II, cups have been found in straight lines (or slightly curved lines) of from three to twenty-four. In a few cases these cups in lines are ringed - for example at Point Farm (No. 23). Sometimes, these lines are parallel with each other and with the rock strata. It seems reasonably clear that all the carvings in the List were not made at the same period or by the same people. As stated above, I have excluded the very few 'animal' carvings, and, as a general rule, I have also excluded Pictish, Early Christian and later sculptures. Of the carvings listed the following do not appear to have a prehistoric origin: spirae Th t Cocklea l s Smith ythin i (Nos7 list13 . ; RCAMS, Inventory of ,. No 80), prove havo st e retirebeew no n de mad blacksmithth y eb . JohnstonJ , - youths in hi e n H i , . tended it as a 'cockle' - a sign for his father's smithy. I have his signed statement to that effect. harn I d sandston grer incee o ydiametehn on wack i p cu hal d einca n ran fa h deep take minuten ste s to make with a pointed piece of quartz - I have one which I made myself. Others at different dates in history may have passed the time of day doing this too, for it is a soothing, if noise- producing, activity. People in are still deepening existing cup-marks, which themselves may come fro mpre-Christiaa n wishineraa n i , g ceremony which relic a seeme b , o perhapsst sunf o , - worship (List Nos. 46a, 49, and 50). largee Th , smoot carefulld han y rounde dvere cupth y n harso d gneiss rocks alon coaste gth s of Tiree and western Argyll, many of which were listed by the late L. M. Mann and other writers in these Proceedings2 and elsewhere, nearly all occur on rocks which lie only a few feet above or below the present sea-level. In view of the change in sea-level since prehistoric times it seems probable tha mant so unti ylnot centurie thes cupsago ebig s were well belo seaw thethe if , y

' G. Bibby, The Testimony of the Spade (1957), 281. PSAS, xvi (1881-2), 459; ibid., LVI (1921-2), 118 ff 2 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 1967-8 existed. I have, however, statements from two elderly fishermen-crofters from different parts of e islanth f Tireo d e that they personally used these cup-mark thein si r youth, when fishingr fo , grinding ground-bait suc cockless ha , limpets, mussels, piece likee th craf .so d Thiban s ground- bait was then thrown into the sea adjoining the cup-marks to attract fish. These two gentlemen,

FIG. 5. Mid Argyll: the symbols used have the same meanings as in fig. 1. The numbers 197-253 refe siteo rt s liste PSAS,n di (1961-2)v xc ff.9 ,2 ; other numbers, containin gdiagonaa l line, refe Discoveryo t r Excavation,d an Scotland, pare th t befor line eth e indicatin pare th yeare t d gafteth line an , th re indicatin page gth e (e.g. '66/5 ', 1966,meanE & pagsD ) e5 MORRIS: CUP-AND-RING MARKS 55 indeed an d quit numbeea othef ro r resident vicinitys islane it th n Tirei f n dso o d , ean pointe t dou to me that practically all these big smooth round cups are sited at the best fishing points of the area. In one case I was shown an ancient 'fish-trap' (two lines of boulders between a tidal islet and the shore rocks) off one set of cups (Heanish No. 94). This explanation seems to fit the facts very similaTiren y abls o explaiwh e o e wa t e ron m smoot o o n t well t hBu . round cups were made one and a half miles inland in one solitary instance, on the top of a hill (Cnoc Fionigair, No. 86), or on the near-vertical sides of the Ringing Stone (No. 82). I was indebted to the owner of Millport Crof . Davieworte J (Noth r dr M s fo 'Croichtican. o 104t d )an r 'Crotagan')(o ' e th , Gaelic wor thesr smootdfo g ebi h cups. Perhaps 'bait mortars' migh gooa e b td nam ther efo mn i

FIG . Diagram6 . showing proportion f 'immovable'o rock-carving sites t differenta heights above sea-level, feet.n i Apart from the cup-marks in the Tiree area, there are none less than 40 ft. or more than 1,200 ft. above sea-level. left-hane Th d figure contrasts Par I witt right-hane hTh Par . II t d figure contrasts r Par fo I ,only, I t cupd san dumb-bells with more complex carvings. Heights over 400 ft. are shaded, showing that, fairly uniformly throughout l listsal , about three-quarter sea-levelf o sitee . withie th ft sar f 0 so n40 . Nearl yf sea-level o hal. withie ft ar f 0 n20 , narroa n i w ban contouf do abouf ro t 15. 0ft English. The probable yar y betwee nhundrea severad dan l hundred year ssom n oldi t e, bu cases, in western Argyll, they may be older (see PI. 4a). Knocking-stones, mortars and grinding-mills have as a rule been omitted, but some are included where carved out of the living rock, or in very big slabs. A rather special example is the rock basin or cup on Seil Island (No. 77) which has been used for what one might call neo-pagan purposes within living memory wido e late th Th e . f wfarmeo r there state youthr s thahe e n ti on , day each spring thi scustoy basib filledfilleo e s b 'wed e t mdno th ha t , e no wit s hwa milkt i f I . folk' (fairies) woul tha e cowe dse tth s gav milo en k that summer Kerrere Th . a ferryman whoo t , m tolI d this, said tha Poinn to Sleaf to t Far ther y beed mSkybo n e i ha n a es exactl whewa e e nyh th same custom Islan A .y resident tell tha e same sm th t e custom existed there, too, unti t lonno l g I hav agd eoan receive dsimilaa r account from Miss Marion Campbell concernin cupe gth - marked stone near the waterfall beside the old chapel at Cove, (NR 748767). In isles Argylpagae it lon o sth d s gt nan l deadgodno e sar . Perhaps further back in time than these mortars are the incised carvings, of which there are only about four in this area. Apart from these four cases all the carvings seem to have been either 1 ' List Nos. 43, 135, 140 and 163. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 1967-8 pecke abradedr dinciseo e th l dAl .carving aree th a n sincludi comprisr eo e marks other thae nth cup-and-ring. So, for example, at (List No. 140), the rock-carvings include cups- and-rings and other designs and also a Calvary Cross, which seems to be in the same technique as othee th r carvings thil Al s. appear indicato st e that perhaps these incised carving differenta d sha , t leasa somn d i t an e case latersa , origin fro peckee mth d cups-and-ring othed san r marks, is t I . however, much easie mako rt e pecke abrader do d carvings tha incisno t usins i e e theg on som mf i e commonly available material exampler fo , pointea , d piec quartzf eo mako T .incise n ea d mark,

FIG . Diagram7 . showing proportion f 'immovable'o rock-carving sites t differenta distances from sea,e th miles.n i The left-hand figure contrasts Par wittI right-hane h Th Par . tII d figure contrasts Parr ,fo onlyI tI , cup dumbd san - bells with more complex carvings. Distances ovemileo tw r s inlan shadede dar , showing that, fairly uniformly throughout all lists, about seven-eighths of the sites are within two miles of the sea

deeper than a mere scratch, one really has to use metal, although it is possible to do it with flint. This would indicat lateea r dat southerr efo n Scotland's incised marks. Having considere l thesdal e specia llef e casesar t e witw , h four classe peckef so abrader do d marks: (a) cups-and-rings in various 'stereotypes', (b~) rings with no central cups, (c) spirals, and (d) simple cup-marks and dumb-bells. Nothing has been found in the area covered which really help datinn si r separatingo sourcee gth f theseso , except perhap followine sth g points. (1) In the area covered all these types have been found on stones which probably were parts of stone cists. ) Onl(2 y cups cups-and-un-gapped-ringsd an , , have been foun association di n with standing stone chambered san d tombs thesd typeo an , e tw carvinf commones e so th e gar t types. (3) Cups are found in areas of Scotland where no other rock-carvings exist. Recent wor Irelandn ki 1 indicates that both cups-and-ring spirald san s were being carvet da least four thousand years ago at places which are only a little more than two hundred miles from the spirals at Crinan2 and only about a hundred and twenty miles from the example in Wigtown- shire. Irelann I d t all manyno , carvingt bu , stonee thif th so chamberesf n so o typ e ear d tombs, wherea3 s in Scotland only a few are associated with such tombs. Nevertheless it seems possible that . O'Kelly1C , Illustrated Guide Newgrangeo t (1967), .Misn i 2 s3 21 Campbell'e.g d . an Nos 1 20 .s List, 27; M. J. O'Kelly, Acta Musei Nationalis Prague, PSAS, xcv (1961-2), 29 f. serie , HistoryA s x (1966)x , ; Antiquity,98 , V XL 3 e.g. Gallows Outon (Lis . 15 Parn 4i No t t I). (1969), 140. MORRIS: CUP-AND-RING MARKS 57 rock-carving cup-and-rine th f so spirad gan l types were both knowunderstood an no e t th y db chambered tomb builders in both countries about 2000 B.C. Once again acknowledgment mus made b t e most gratefull hel e informatiod th pan r yfo o ns freely given by the Division of the Ordnance Survey, the curators and staff of the museums listed (especially of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland), Dr E. Anati, M. L. Ansell, G. Appleby, Miss M. Campbell, G. Collins, D. Colville, Dr J. X. W. P. Corcoran, Capt . DonaldDunlop. G .S . . FairhurstE H . r ,G , D , Col Stevenso. V . n Hamilton, Mis . HensA - shall, Mrs M. Kay, J. Kirby, Dr W. D. Lament, Mrs C. Leckie, Miss D. N. Marshall, Dr Macintyre,

FIG . Diagram8 . showing proportion f 'immovable'o rock-carving sites whose main carved surfacest differenta e ar angles to true horizontal, in degrees from horizontal. The left-hand figure contrasts Part I with Part II. The right- hand figure contrasts, for Part II only, cups and dumb-bells with more complex carvings. Sites at a greater angle from horizontal than 20° are shaded, showing that, fairly uniformly throughout all lists, about seven-eighths of the site more sar e nearly level than 20°. Thimarken i s si d contrast with site somn si e other worlde partth f so , where vertical sites are much the most numerous. It seems to indicate a fairly careful choice of surface for carving

Miss K. MacQueen, F. Newall, E. G. Price, Miss E. Shee, Dr M. E. C. Stewart, Professor and Mrs O'Kelly, Mrs I. Ramsay, Professor A. Thorn, R. White, and many others. Without the help and information given by all these people this survey could never have been completed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS USED followine Th g abbreviation Lis e usee th st ar dn whici h follows: Books Alien Romilly Alien, Early Christian Monuments f Scotlando . Br L'Abbe Breuil's Presidential Addres e Proceedingsth n si Prehistorye th f o Society f Easto (orBreuil) Anglia, vii (1934) ff9 . ,28 H. Macdougall and H. Cameron, Handbook of the Islands of Coll and Tiree, (c. 1930) Feachem R. W. Feachem, Guide to Prehistoric Scotland (1963) Graham R. C. Graham, The Carved Stones of May (1895) Hall Mrs Macalister Hall's Lists and Photographs of Kintrye rock-carvings held by the Museum, Campbeltown. The numbers quoted in each case here are the numbers of the photographs in this collection. 58 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 1967-8 H AS Handbook Archaeology e oth fIsla e th yy b Archaeologica y oMa f l Survey Group Lorn H. Snedden, Story of Lorn, its Isles and Oban (1938) RCAM The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, reference Inventore beinth o gt f Ancienyo t Monument counte th r r regioyo fo s n concernede Th . number quoted in each case here is the number of the site in the Inventory, not the page number. Semple History of Renfrewshire . CrawfordG y b continues a , broughd Sempl. d an dato W t y ep b t u e (1782). Stuart. J Stuar, tSculptured Stones ofScotland(\ reference 856th )- e illustratiobeine th go t n number, pagese th t .no Periodicals Here, to save columnar space, all volume numbers are shown in arabic, not roman, numerals, and where a volume number is shown the year is omitted. D&E Discovery Excavation,and Scotland GAS Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society (new series) HBNC History of the Naturalists' Club JRSAI Journal Royalthe of Society Antiquariesof of Ireland PS S A Proceedings Societye th f o of Antiquaries f Scotlando (here savo t , e columnar space, when referring to the appendix of vol. vi, the reference 'Appendix' is omitted) SM Scots Magazine Scot. Scotsman (Newspaper). Stirl. ' Transactions of the Stirling Natural History and Archaeological Society TDGAS Transactions Dumfries ofthe Gallowayand Natural History Antiquarianand Society Times Oban Times (Newspaper) A CATALOGU SITEF EO S References No. •We name, parish, How to find it Remarks Gridand reference (= with* illus- General description tration) Argyll - 1 ARDGOWAN 125 yds. E. of fores- D&E 1962/4 On level shel rougf outcroo f w hlo cups-and 2 p- - Much weathered n 196I . 2 Miss Strachur try road; 45 yds. two-rings, 4 cups-and-one-ring, and over 26 cups. Rennie foun cups-and-ringd8 s NS 098045 f hilltoo . pSW Biggest diameter 1 1 in. Deepest 2 in. 2 Ardmarnoch 1 n hilltopO , within Unnoted On low stratified outcrop, nearly level - 5 cups up Foun . MacintyreD y db , Lindsaig. Kilfinnan hill fort site to 3 in. diam. 1 in. deep. Some single cups (similar Owner spells 'Ardmarnochs a ' NR 923743 sizes) on other nearby rocks shown 3 Ardmarnoch 2 25 yds. W. of last, D&E 1963/10 On smooth, ledged, outcrop - 5 cups in 2 straight, Kilfinnan still within fort site parallel, lines - along strata 92374R N 3 4 ARDMARNOCH 0 yds9 . SSWf .o D&E 1963/10 O nconvea x E-sloping outcrop '5 cups-and-rings' Miss Rennie's 1963 photograph 3 'Ardmarnoch 1', be- oved cups0 an r4 . Biggest diameter '6 in.' Deepest shows rings clearly - now 'weath- Kilfinnan side a tree li in. Much weathered - no rings visible in 1968 eredf of ' NR 923742 5 ARDMARNOCH 300 yds. S. of 'Ard- D&E 1964/4 On a hard-to-find, level, outcrop shelf (10 ft. high Miss Rennie, reporter to D&E, 4 marnoc. N h n o 1" cups-and-one-rin6 - ) onN. wit4 g( h radial grooves confirms 'no mark n verticao s l Kilfinnan hill-face, near top from cupoved an ) r 13 cups. Biggest diam. in 6 . face' (report was unclear) NR 920740 6 ARDMARNOCH 'JustSE. of house, at PSAS 77/32* septad Onen l sla gallerf bo y grav e- inne r fac1 e In thick rhododendron 'forest'. 5 W. of N. end of rock (owner knows cup, outer face cup-and-one-ring 3i in. diam. \ in.Impossibl checo et k Childe's loca- Kilfinnan ridge' (unchecked) site) deep; both 1 ft. below top edge tion details. Hard to find NR 917729 7 Ardnoe 1 105 yds. S. of sheep- D&E 1963/9 flaOg tnbi sunk immovable boulde shallo7 - r w Sit unusually, eis northfacina n ,o g Lochgoilhead fold f yds5 o 2 ; . .N 'basina cupd s an - al' l possibly natural slope, getting little sun NN 174062 ruined village 8 Ardnoe 2 170yds. S. of sheep- D&E 1963/9 On similar immovable boulder - 25 cups - clear and Similar (and site is similar) to last Lochgoilhead fold f yds0 o 3 ; . .E man-made. 10 yds. to its SE. a similar stone with above NN 174063 ruined village ove simila5 2 r r cups. Maximum . diam.sizin e3 , J in. deep 9 Auchalick On bay' . sideN s , D&E 1963/10 O fac. ncentrS f estandino 3 f eo g stone cup1 s- . Kilfinnan about 300 yds. from At top of SW. stone - one cup, through which stone 91675R N 0 sea - conspicuous is broken I 10 Blairbuie 150yds. SE. of farm D&E 1967/6 On prominent big boulder with flat top - 12 cups, S, Inverchaolain ruin; 200 yds. W. of . diam.in 3 o , t . dee 1-p Jin u p NS 119741 R. Ardyne 11 CASTLE On wooded hill-face D&E 1962/4 flaw Ot nlo burie d boulde r outcroo r p- 18-in. - Locally called 'Macgregor's Cap' LACHLAN 1 above and to W. of diameter ring with small central cup, groove out- Strathlachlan school ward from ring - very deeply cut figure NS 029965 References Site name, parish, No. findto it How (= with* illus- General description Remarks and Grid reference tration) 8 12 Castle Lachlan 2 24yds. NE. of chapel GAS 8/64* On 4-ft. quadrate boulde . diams cup2 in - r2 s . Doubtful - many natural cavities — Strathlachlan ruin; 1 yd. SE. of (Man herw nsa e '8 cups mord nearba an n , eo y on same stone. Opposite Kilbride "•d NS 007967 wall; 2yds. E. of its stone') Island % corner 8 12a Castle Lachlan3 '500 yds. up the slope GAS 8/70 'On fac centrf eo gneisg e bi ston 6 s f blockeo a s- t foun visit3 No n di s 1966-8t Bu . tn Strathlachlan from last above' basin 10 in. x 6J in., 2 in. deep' - Mann reported hill has many boulders M 2 NS 009969 O 13 Fearnoch 1 f o yds0 . 60 .. NW c Unnoted On a 20-ft.-long flat outcrop's step - 3 cups, up to Founauthoe th y db r when looking c« O Kilfinnan farm; 90 yds. SW. of 1^ in. diam., f in. deep for next item below •fl NR 921802 Barr Ganuisg'p sto 14 Fearnoch2 yds0 c20 .. WSWf .o Unnoted On quadrate boulder . squarft . highld 4 ,i ft ean , Found by A. Macintyre, Lindsaig m3 Kilfinnan last; 80 yds. NE. of with flat top - 6 cups, up to 1^ in. diam. , J in. deep 91980R N 1 ruined village £> 15 Inveryne 0 yds30 . ENEf o . D&E 1963/10 On big low flat outcrop 'sheet', over 40 cups, clear r MacintyreM , finder, says traces w H Kilfinnan farm f yds5 o ; . .E but . weathereddiam.in 3 ,o t . dee1 ^p in u ,p o fseee b ring nn rounsca d some K 92275R N 8 road; 11 yds. NNW. n su w cuplo n si of sluice i 16 Lindsaig 1 On NE. top of Unnoted On a low stratified outcrop sheet - 12 cups in lines Found s mana , y others near here, r Kilfinnan Mor along strata. Single cup on outcrop 115 yds. WSW. by the Macintyres of Lindsaig oo NR 937804 of this othed an ; r single cups around 17 Lindsaig 2 600yds farmf o . N .; Unnoted leveOg nbi l outcrop cups shelf8 e - . ,on , higSW t ha Found by A. Macintyre Kilfinnan 30 f hillockydso . S . - with trace rinf so g roun . diam. Biggesdin it 3 .p tcu 93580R N 0 top Deepest 1 in. 18 Lindsaig 3 c. 450 yds. E. of farm Unnoted flaOg tnbi boulde . hig ft ft. 4 rh2 x - , abou. ft 0 1 t Found by A. Macintyre Kilfinnan c. 450 yds. N. of old 2 cups, biggest 3 in. diam., 1 in. deep NR 937795 copper mine 19 Lindsaig 4 . hill-slopeOSE n , D&E 1966/14 On rough outcrop step (9 ft. x 7 ft., sloping gently The D&E report mentions '27 Kilfinnan abou yds0 . 30 t .NE diam.. in 3 a deep. SW., o cupd in t f9 p an ,- ) su cups'. Possibl differenya t rock- NR 938807 of 'Lindsaig 1 ' 'dumb-bell' (double cup) but no other found 20 Lindsaig 5 7 0f lasto yds . , .SE Unnoted rougn O h outcrop . x ft 4. high ft 5 ft. ( 2 , , gently Found by A. Macintyre Kilfinnan samn o e hillside sloping S.) - 3 cups up to 3 in. diam., J in. deep 93980R N 8 22 Lindsaig 6 c. 350 yds. N. of R. Unnoted On small boulder - 5 cups up to 3 in. diam., and 2 n deeI p bracken r frofa , m land- Kilfinnan Struan; also NW. of (site knowo t n 'dumb-bells' 6 in. long. Just possibly natural marks. Har locato dt e NR 940795 Cavunichan ruins owner) 23 POINT FARM f o 0 yds 30 . c.S . D&E 1966/1 5 S-slopinn O g fac prominenf eo t immovable boulder . CrawfordS M . rJ findere th , , says Kilfinnan farm; 25 yds. S. of cup0 2 lines n si - least thef a , o mt7 surroundey db there is another carved stone 500 92264R N 5 wall f yds0 o 4 ; . .E much-weathered rings 4 in. diams. yds . (noN . t found 1968) wall 24 Pole farm 200 yds. E. of road; Unnoted On flat outcrop shelf (8 ft. x 6 ft., 4 ft. high) - 5 cups Found by D. Maclachlan Lochgoilhead 40yds. S. of burn; 55 diam.. . in dee in 2 up£ ,o p t NN 199035 f sheepfolo yds. . E d 25 Strone 30f 0o yds. NE . Unnoted On flat topped boulder (10 ft. square, 6 ft. high) - 3 Found by A. Macintyre Kilfinnan Strone and Kilfinnan cups, close together, up to 3 in. diam., £ in. deep NR 943796 burns' confluence Argyll - North - Nothing traced as recorded, reported, or known to any Archaeological Society Argyll - Lorn 26 Achnacarach In ruin's S. corner; Unnoted On dressed granite block, built into ruined house a. LeckiesC s FounMr , Obay db n Kilmore 20 yds. W. of path; corner-ston cup-marka e- , 11 in. diam., 1| in. deep NM 878310 50 yds. E. of loch 27 Clenamacrie 410 yds. SSW. of Unnoted On quadrate boulder's level top (3 ft. high) - 2 cups, Found by Mrs Kay, Oban Ardchattan farm f yds0 o . 16 ;E . 6 in. apart, 2 in. diam., J in. deep 92228M N 3 burn near wood's edge 28 Clachadow 20yds. SW. of road rougn 1967/O E ; h D& boulde6 . squareft . high5 ( rft 2 , , sloping Possibly a freak of nature. But 4 Ardchattan 250yds farmf o . ,W . N.) - a clear cup-mark 4^ in. diam. 2-J in. deep other rock thin si s are reportee aar d NM 944275 in Glen Lonan havins a cup-mare gon k 29 Kilbride 1 'By roadside, N. of PS AS 15/257* Romilly Alien found 'on a flat slab about 2i ft. Not found in 1966-8 Kilmore church' square, a basin about 12 in. diam., 3^ in. deep' NM 85 25 30 Kilbride 2 'In middl f buro e n PS AS 15/257* Romilly Alien found 'on flat slab about 4 ft, x 3 ft. Not found in 1966-8 Kilmore running between diam.. deep. in in 6 3 ,p ' cu a - NM 85 25 churc roadd han ' 31 Kilbride3 n samI e burn0 16 ; Unnoted Small fla t smal . ban2 sla S s n bki lha deep cups4 . . LeckiC s FouneMr whey b d n Kilmore f churcho yds . E . - yds. upstream a small block with embedded gate- seeking las above2 t . Possibll yal NM 858257 yard wall post has 2 cups natural marks 32 Kilchrennan 20 yds. N. of road a1964/1prominenE n t O D& 1 t flat boulde . high ft.ft 9 r 4 x ,(1 ). 1ft . ReporteMackayA . o N y wh ,db Kilchrennan a point 150yds. E. of Times 26/5/23 - over 30 cups, some in lines, up to 2 in. diam., ^cup0 in 7 vern .si o seew s t ylo p ha nu 05323N N 6 'Y' junction deep sun 33 Kilmaronaig 18 yds. SB. of road; D&E 1966/1smootn O 2h convex boulde 3x ^ . high. ft.ft ft 2 ,4 r)( Smaller tha normae nth l cup-size, Ardchattan 155yds walf o . l SW . cup mor5 2 line- n d si e ,an parallel diam. in 1 .l ,al noticeabld an y regularly spacedA . NM 936336 i in. deep. Cups in lines, distances apart all 7i in. primitive yard-stick? 34 Loch Nell 400yds lochf o . ;N . D&E 1966/14 On conspicuous boulder (10 ft. x6 ft., 6 ft. high) Possibly many natural mose Th .t o Kilmore 130 yds. S. of faint over 30 holes (up to 12 in. diam., 6 in. deep), and 'convincing e Locth hf o 'Nel l 7 89372M N 9 track bank'n ;o p sto grooves. Man has at least 'improved' these holes Rocks reporte196E 4D& n di 5 3 Oban Esplanade f esplanyds3 o . N . - Times 10/9/21 On this huge boulder's S. and E. sides Mann saw Well-documented. Stone was Kilmore ade' . end. N s yd ;1 cups2 2 d '1' respectivel2an y- no verwo s y wors na moved here from above on road- 85231M N 3 SW. of roadway only to be visible in low-angle car headlights at making many years ago - formerly night horizontal 36 Oban reservoir . OsideN n , i-way D&E 1967/5 On white boulder (7 ft. x 6 ft., 2 ft. high) - 12 cups n linI e with these, across loch Kilmore along reservoir. yds0 i4 groupn3 .. NW4 f so . (just over fences i ) is a prom, unmarked white stone NM 845270 Often water-covered another boulder (dark, 2 ft. high) with 1 cup (L. Gleann a'Bhearraidh) 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 1967-8 'SB s ,O a, - s t! ~ yi •S o 3 00

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•3 5§3.21 Site name, pa and Grid refer 9 5 48 Kilchiaran 1 2 0f road o yds . N ;. Graham 62* On flat slab (6 ft. x 3 ft., £ ft. high) over 18 cups Cups said to have been enlarged by Kilchoman 20 yds. WSW. of IASH4 1 (Graha . diam.6 o '22't . ideepin w p min )sa u 4 , ; former 'wishing0 5 . No e ' ritse e- NR 2046W church 2 cups penetrate through slab below 49 Kilchiaran2 1962/1E D& . outsid8 '1. yd NW e 'On barrel-shaped boulder (4. x3 . . xft Jft ft £ j By Dun Crosprig fort. Only Kilchoman corne f ruinso r ; 176 high diam . )cu- in p7 . , deep . 4iin , roughly chipped' natural marks found on search in 'NR 208619' fortf o yds . ' W . 1968 50 Kilchoman At foot of Celtic IASH 14 On slate square. slaft 3 b( ,high . ift , forming base Ful f pennieo l n 196o s 8 visit. Kilchoman cross yds.f 0 o 2 ; . E of diamcross. dee. in 7 basinin ).4 p ,o 6 - stil t p lsu Church officer collects periodically. NR 216632 church, in cemetery used in 'wishing' or 'fertility' rite by turning a Pagan sun-worship relic? pestl revolutione3 s wit sune leavind hth an , g coin 51 Kildalton Castle 'At Cooks Point' IASH 7/28 'A cup-marke easiln dca ystone distinguison e- s hit t see No n 1968i n . Impenetrable Kildalton cups fro modere mth n (fence-post) holes nearby' rhododendron jungle y barwa s 'NR 439473' says Dr W. D. Lamont except at low tide 52 Kintra 1 f summiyds2 o . .E t D&E 1962/20 cup4 1. high1 x J p ft . ss u Slat ft )ha 3 x e . slaft 4 b( Possibly an anvil, or even natural. Kildalton of Cnoc Mor Ghras- to 1\ in. diam., -J- in. deep, roughly chipped May have been cist-cover 31047R N 6 dail 53 Kintra 2 1 yd. E. of Tokmel D&E 1962/20 foundatioa n O n ston cottagn ei 3$x e . walft.ft ,5 ( l Probably a mortar. Burn is W. Kildalton mid-cottage' cor. sN - IASH 8/60 high. Hft in5 ). p projectindiam.. cu in - . 3 , ft g3 tributar f PolGamhnyn o na l a NR 300472 ner; 35 yds. N. of deep, abrade near-leven do l surface burn 54 Kintra 3 47 f Tok5o yds. - SE . D&E 1962/21 On rough outcrop (9 ft. x 3 ft. x 2 ft. high) - 9 cups An anvil for the former village? Kildalton mel ruins; 35 yds. N. IASH 8/60 . diam. in . deep 3 in u1 ,o p t , roughly chipped 30446R N 9 of same burn 56 Kintra 4 'c. 100 yds. SE. of D&E 1959/16 'On irregularly-shaped boulder (6 . x4ift t ^foun ft. No snon , i d H. 1968n wft i r D . Kildalton chapel; 35 yds. NE. high) - over 8 cups up to 3i in. diam., 1-J in. deep' Lamont confirms it is 'easily loca- 'NR 300472' of Tokmel N'most table' garden wall' 57 Smaull 'At entrance to pro- D&E 1963/13 'On the flat stone forming the entrance-step, near Reported by F. Newall, as 'near I Kilchoman montory fort, (not its centre - a cup-mark' Dun nan Nighean'. Not visited 'NR 212692' the main Dun)' 1968 58 Proaig 'Near Proaig bay' IASH6 5 cup-marksf o t 'Ase ' 'Grid referenc s approximate.i e ' Kildalton t founNo 196n di 8 O 45757R N 7 7 59 Upper Killeyan 'Just E. of farm' D&E 1962/18 'On outcro mortara t visite . diam.p- deep. in No 2 in 196 n d1 ,i 6 , ' 8 z Kildalton D 'NR 281419' 2 o 66 Ardentraive 30 yds. NNE. of D&E 1966/10 On small flat greenish boulde r- ove smal5 r3 l cups, Seems man-made naturalla t Bu . y s 84231M N 3 rectangular ruin; 120 some in parallel lines with strata. Well preserved, pitted stone lies nearby, similar in yds. NNE f bay'.o s Turf-covere protectior dfo n sizcoloud ean r E. end 67 Ferry Croft 70yds. W. of school, AS-PS 15/258 loosn O e flat slabverticaw no , l (probably fallen Long 'missing t recentl— bu ' - re y NM 826287 in school burn's N. from above on burn's erosion) - a circular basin, Beatonlocates Mr y db , Ferry Croft ON bank . diam.in 8 , . 5-Jdeein - p OJ 64 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F SYO 1967-8 s D j« >. S3 •§§ & ^ 3 § -S.2S &- 3 o x: 6 X! 22 .3.3 05 6'? 1 S"o> 1 g ca >, S ~a o, PL| g •a _0

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00 OS <§ 4 SO SO 79 Balinoe1 50yds. SSE. of farm PSAS 56/119 On this huge prominent boulder's slanting face n 196I 7 ther e onlar e y natural NL 978421 (a former shop) Man '1w 3n cupssa straigh,a t channe groovea d lan ' marks. Rock is gneiss, and can have worn little 0 8 BALINOE2 6 yds. N. of wall; PSAS 56/122* On standing stone's E. face Mann saw '18 cups, one Nothin thin go s hard roc 196n ki 7 NL 973426 60 yds. E. of wall part-ringed' . facW e n 'somo d ean , cups'. - unlikel havo yt e peeled off 1 8 Balphetrish1 'At Balphetrish' (no PSAS 56/122 Here Mann found 'some' crotaga s definen(a t da t locateNo n 1967t di whol Bu . e NM 01 47 details given) No. 37 above) and 'three human footprints in line' coast is rock (or sand) 82 Balphetrish 2 15 yds. above high PSAS hugn 56/11O e granit8 s it el bouldeal . highn ft o 6 - )( r Locally called 'The Ringing Stone' NM 027487 water; 150 yds. N. of Coll 82* surfaces except undersides - 33 cups of the crotagan or 'Clach na Choire' loch's NE. corner type, excep tvertica n somo e ear l surfaces 3 8 Baugh 220 yds. SW. of farm; PSAS 56/122 Pair of crotagan (as defined at No. 37 above), 8 ft. Cut on hard gneiss. Local people NM 025435 t higa h waterf o . E , . belo . anotheft E 5 w e higon r h water marks A . say 'a good fishing point' point always, except with No. 82, all are on level surfaces 4 8 Caeusa About 100 . yds.NW PSAS 56/12thin I s grou0 f stonepo s etc. Man 'aw nnsa assem- In 1967 only natural irregularities 3 4 7 9 L N abov0 8 . eoNo f blage of prehistoric carvings' (spelled 'CaeNsa' on coul foune db d here O.S. map) 85 Clachar nMo 'On Briminis Island, Unnoted 'O nsmoota h level ledg abov. ft e3 e high watermark Found by A. McDougall, Clachan 97748L N 6 near its NE. corner' roung bi da crotag- define. 37s a , 'No t da r SchoolhouseMo sayo s,wh this si a good point for fishing 86 Cnoc Fhoinigir At summit outcrop's PSAS levea n 16/46lO smoot0 h surfacconveg bi f exo outcrop- Very lik'crotagane eth defines a ' d NL 985454 . corneE r PSAS 56/119 3 cups, carefully abraded and circular, up to 3 in. at No. 37; but 1^ miles inland and diam., 2 in. deep. (Mann saw '44' here) 70 ft. above sea-level 87 'Cno a Cuileacn n 'On this hill' PSAS 56/120 Here Mann saw'46 cup groups'3 n si . But no such Unabl locato et e thi enquirn o s y 'an' hil . O.Smarkes i lin 1 . mapn do s locally 8 8 Cornaigmore 150yds . of farNE . m PSAS 56/120 thin sO conspicuou* s boulde - ralmos t certainly- 196n I marko 7n s were seen. Just NL 980459 Mann saw 'a group of cups'. On one of the group possibly Mann may have meant 'aw omarfsa bouldere h k t i lik f yds4 eo a s 2 . .N some other boulder hoof 9 8 Cuigeas (Soroby) 100 yds. NW. of PSASequilatera) -g (a smal 2 blockbo w n a 16/46 lo lO n i sl 0 Mann also saw here '8 cups, and a NL 983419 graveyard's N. cor- PSAS 56/120* triangle, 12 in. sides, hollowed out and (6) basin, "boat" ' (not found 1967). Tri- ner; 12 yds. W. of a 10 in. diameter, 5 in. deep - one on each naturae b angl y elma 'freak' ditch 90 Gott 1 At first rock point N. PSAS 56/122 5 'crotagan' (see List No. 37), 4 in a straigh areaw fe flaf so e tt th roc linef o t k a .e On o d NM 045457 of pier; 2 ft. below (Here Man '26w fairltid- 's n sa ewa y hig t 196ha 7 another good fishing point h3 high water visit) i 91 Gottd Ol 2 f o . N e Du PSAS prominena 56/119 n O * t quadrate boulder square. ft ,4 . ft ,2 Man herw sa ne '6 small cups'. 04345M N 9 Manse; 30yds. N. of hig hole3 h- linen si , possibly drill-holes Perhap anothew sa e sh r stonet bu ; O high water herw therefe e ear 92 Heanish 1 25 yds. E. of dun; PSAS usuae th ln 56/12 flaO t rocka shel2 n o fy poin 'cro2 - t - . MackinnonN , Heanish farm, O NM 039433 1 ft. below high water above)7 tagan 3 . diam. . s definein (a '4 No , t , a d used these in his youth to fish; and . deep . aparin ft 1 4 , t explained technique 93 Heanish 2 f duno yds0 . 2 ; .NE PSAS 56/12simila6 2 r cup similan so r shelf, bigges . diam.in 8 t , Unlike last, Mr Mackinnon says 03943M N 3 t higa h water mark deepest 6 in. 'not now a good fishing point - sea level now too low' 94 Heanish 3 n tidaO f lo isl. S e Unnoted 2 similar cups, biggest 9 in. diam., deepest 6 in. Fish trap between pointd islean . NM 039432 dun - SE. end (Eil Shelf is 22 yds. E. of, and below, high water mark Site also used by Mr Mackinnon Os nan Gobhar) for fishing References Site name, parish, No. findto it How (* = with illus- General description Remarks and Grid reference tration) ! 95 Heanish 4 On sam. e E isl - e Unnoted 2 similar cups, similarly situated, up to 7 in. diam. Also used by Mr Mackinnon in his * 03943M N 2 edge of its S. point . dee 5in t hig p(a h water mark) youth for fish-bait 0 96 Hynish 1 310 yds. SSEf o . PSAS 16/460 On S. point's top shelf acup 7-J in. diam., 5 in. deep; Clearly another excellent placo et 8 NL 984388 housef ydso 5 6 . ; S . thif o jus s. shelfN t , 15 more 'crotagan defines (a ' d fish at present day tn wall's corner yds3 ; . . diamin 5 . o . 2deet £in p pu ) 37 . aNo t | N. of h.w.m. 97 Hynish 2 'On shore, near the PSAS 56/122* Here Mann found 'a group f crotagano ' e h d an ; Residents confirm ther more ear e O NL 98 38 house' foun dLedgd '3Re 7e mor neath n eo r by' here, but there are miles of rock. >K No more found in 1967 H 98 Hynish 3 '900 yds. froe th m PSAS 56/122 Here Mann found '86 cups and an oval'. In 1 967 no Name 'Cnoc Linain t knowno s i ' n W ('Cnoc Linain') signal station' , cups or oval were found on Clach Beg which ip . O.Ss in residento ma t .1 n o r so % 8 3 8 9 L N 90 0f signa o yds . W l. station O 99 Hynish 4 'In the byre pave- PSAS 56/125* Here Mann found a paving slab with '3 cups and 3 Not visible 1967, perhaps turfed W 98339L N 1 ment' (outside the possibly pre-Christian crosses' over. Byr unpaves ei d inside 3 byre) VO 100 Island House 'In the meadow ^ PSAS 56/1 19 Mann saw 'on a great quadrate boulder 6 small Ther e manar e y o stonesn t bu ; 3 NL 990435 housef milo . eE ' vesicles'2 cupd an s . Only natural irregularities other answering Mann's descrip- no seen on only quadrate boulder found in 1967 tion was found 101 Kirkapoll 1 'On outcrop of small PSAS 56/123* On removin ture gth f Mann found '11 small cups Nothing foun 1967 n dturt i t bu f,no 04245M N 7 chapel floor' - in Gott biggea d an r oval cavit rocn yo k outcrop floor' completely removed Bay 102 Kirkapoll 2 75 yds. NNE. of last, PSAS 56/124* outcroOw n lo Christia a p- n cross (Mant i w nsa Excluded e somar es a , othern i s 04247M N 6 in field surrounde '4y d b cups' nont bu , e traceabl 1967n ei ) Mr Mann's list for Tiree, from my statistics 103 Kirkapol3 l 2 3lasf o yds . t E . PSAS 56/124* slopinOw nlo g outcro Christiaa p- n cross (Mann Excluded from statistics. Thid san 04247M N 6 sa wsurroundet i '4y d b cups' nont bu , e were trace- the last cros f e clearlo ar st no y abl 1967n ei ) pre-Christian type 04 Millport Croft 550 yds. SSW. of Unnoted On the usual smooth outcrop shelf at good fishing Campbell. A , Millport, say usee sh d 97638L N 6 f crofto . yds0 2 ; NE . poin 'crotagan2 otteseet- n s (a nrwa ) 37 ' . (seeNo these in youth to grind bait, and pointf ; o 2 . ydsNW . fishin thesf gof e cup-marks). confirms they were called 'croich- h.w.m. ticen' (sic) 105 Scarinish Harbour On its N. side, 11 PSAS 56/122 On ledges extendin yds3 g2 . along rocky edg5 e- Another good fishing point, being NM 045466 f landino . ydsSE g. - l al group n i f 'crotagan7 o s - ) 37 ' . (seNo e so used (but not the cup-marks) on stage; 2 yds. from bigges . diam.in 7 t , deepes. in 3 t 1967 visit sea Argyll - and Parish . 106 Altagalvash 1 In moor above Tups Unnoted On flat sunk boulder (10 ft. square, 1 ft. high) - 7 Found by G. E. S. Dunlop. Cruit 91261R N 7 0 yds25 park. . c ; cups up to 3 in. diam., £ in. deep. 3 in line E.-W. is a ruined cottage WSW. of wall; c. f 40o 0. ydsNW . Cruit 7 Altagalvash10 2 . (uphillW . ft ) 0 4 flan O t Unnotesun . highk t ft ft. 3 a bouldeI d,x )- . ft 4 ( r Found by G. E. S. Dunlop NR 912617 fro- mS. e lastTh . least 3 cups up to 3 in. diam., 1 in. deep mos boulder4 f to n si aline 108 Altagalvash 3 50 yds. above lamb- Unnoted On flat sunk boulder (12 ft. x 5 ft., 21 ft. high) - . DunlopaS t . E Foun . G . y Hardb d NR 903616 ing pen, 2 yds. SE. of diam.. in leas3 ,. deecupo t 3 £t in p psu to find. Just on Glenskibble side of burn watershee th d 109 Altagalvash4 f lasto . ,yds0 2 NW . Unnoted On flat top of low triangular boulder (3 ft. sides) Found by G. E. S. Dunlop. Hard NR 903617 1burf 0o . ydsn .NW - 9 cups up to 3 in. diam., J in. deep, in 2 lines to find, among many boulders 0 Ardibore11 1 40 roaf ydso . t da .W Unnoted On flat boulder (5 ft. x 5 ft., 21 ft. high) - over 25 Found by G. E. S. Dunlop 83960R N 2 bridge; 10 yds. Wf .o cups up to 21 in. diam., 11 in. deep wallf o yds5 1 ;. S . burn 111 Ardibore 2 40 yds. W lastf .o 0 ;2 flan tO Unnotedsun . highk ft ft.a 6 boulde 1 x ,- ) . ft 6 ( r . DunloS . E Foun . pG y db 83960R N 2 f burydso . nS . cup-mark . diamin 2 , . 112 Ardibore 3 20yds. WSW. o flaf w lastt lo boulder n ; O . Unnotedsquare. in ft 1 ,2 2 cupo ,3 t p su Found by G. E. S. Dunlop NR 838603 14yds o. f.S burn diam., 1 in. deep 113 Auchameanacf o h . yds.0 70 NE . c sunn O k Unnotedwor 3 . boulder' - in nd 2 cupso en t . p sE , u Dunlop. S . E Foun . G . Ruiny db s NR 889577 0 yds90 farm. . c ; diam. ,dee. high. iin ft p ft.1 4 ) (boulde1 ,x . ft 6 s ri Gortineanf o e ar . Corne whers ri e f ruinso . ; NW 110 wall and fence meet yds. NNE. of corner. 114 1 f roado yds 2 . ;W . PS AS 71/410* On flat slab (4 ft. x2 f.) - at least 11 cups, 5 in a Probably moved and blasted in NR 869570 125 yds. NW. of Hall 328-30 line two road-makinn o , g (see 115) formen in r 5 Claonaig11 2 'In SW. corner of Hal fla 2n x 1t O l . ft.sla331-ft )4 b- ' ( 3 4cup s simila thoso rt e Probably the other half of No. 114. 'NR 869569' same a field n i , on last above' Not found in 1966-7 marsh' 116 Claonaig3 ' 100 yds. below road, Hall 322-7 'On low, smooth, level, outcrop (71 ft. x 5 ft.), In her photographs Mrs Hall has 'NR 868570' 3 0f burn o yds . 'W . over 15 cups up to 21 in. diam. J in. deep' (Mrs chalke completea n di circle Hall also noted 'a gapped circle round one cup') 116a Creggan 60 yds. S. of fence; Unnoted On low S.-sloping outcrop - a clear 'Y' figure, left Unlike anything else in area. I NR 864557 135 yds. ESEs it f o . branch hooked faina d t an ,'fern ' pattern Possibl ynaturaa l 'freak'; found 9* joining road . DunloS . E . bpyG 117 Crossaig. N , 0 yds37 . NNWf o . Unnoted On a seat-shaped outcrop's 'seat' - 6 cups, up to Locally called 'The Priest's Chair' NR 828514 farm; 190ydsf o . .N 4 in. diam., 11 in. deep or 'Clach an t'sagairt' sheep-pen 8 Culindrac11 h c. 550 yds. WSW. o levefn O Unnotel outcro high. ft cup 6 ft.d1 p5 ) - 2 , sx (1 . 5ft . DunlopS . E . A Foun.G y b d z NR 918595 Pier House; c. 500 diam.. dee. in 3 in u p,f o p t useful 'transit bearing' is - end of yds. NNW. of farm old quay 'on' centre of farm ruins; on moor o 119 Garvoin 170 yds. NE. o levefn O high. cupUnnotel0 ft.ft outcro1 3 1 ,sx )- . ft d8 p ( Found by G. E. S. Dunlop. NR 845576 pylon 186; 180 yds. diam.. in 2 deeu,. o pit in p burial site within a pylof o . nSE 185n ;o mile moor 120 Glenreasdale 1 At hous yds4 . e- . S Unnoted On flat slab (4ft. x 2 ft., 1 ft. high)-16 cups u . pDunlo S t o. E Foun. p G nea y db r 86558R N 4 of back door 3 in. diam., 11 in. deep No. 122, and moved here 121 Glenreasdale 2 3 f 5roao yds . d SE . flan high. tO ft.ft Unnotecup boulde2 2 1 ,x )p - . su ft 3 r( d . DunlopS . E n . I Foun.G y b d 84260R N 3 bridgef o yds 5 ;. .W to 3 in. diam., 11 in. deep Lonlea Wood, across road from burn's bend 110-3 68 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F SYO 1967-8 1 si o u CO ft J* >? ° O c "3 fsl* c 3 § 2 IS Q QS5 8 "Icol? 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M (N 134 Edington Hill 'In Goat Knowe' (a RCAM 43 'On sandstone slab (cist lid), use 186 n ddraii a s 9a n Missing in 1968. The only drain Chirnside field and wood on S. HBNC 6/349 outlet (4 ft. x 3 ft.) a cup and "serpent" grooves. outlets are in field's W. corner, in a 89357T N 2 road-side) (Possibly more cups)' wood 135 HARELAWSWE Now in N.M.A.S. PSS 69/135A * On small sandstone boulde rincise- d cup-and-two- Same incised technique as Nos. 140 Coldingham Edinburgh PSAS 65/370 rings diam.. in 3 , deep,. iin , also rectangular 'grid' 0 16 d an NT 814658 HBNC 27/370* of incise fis) d(? h groovesd an p cu , Clackmannanshire 136 TILLICOULTRY Tillif 10ydso . - NW . PSAS 72/145* On big rough cist-cover (9 ft. x 5 ft., 2 ft. high) were Move presenits dto t sit formeeby r HO. coultry House Cot- PSAS 29/190* '7 cups-and-up-to-three-rings wav4 d yan , grooves house-owner Tillicoultry tage; at E. side of RCA7 M61 from an outer ring'. Nothing visible now - weath- NS 925971 path ered off East Lothian 137 Cockles Smithy At roadside beside RCAM 80 On small round boulder a spiral of 2 turns was not- Omitted from statistics. Letter Haddington the smithy . JohnstonJ t ebu d; retiree ,th d smith statew ,e no sh fro . mJohnstoJ s heldi n , giving 53171T N 8 'carved it in his youth to represent a cockle' facts as stated . BroomhouseE 138 In mid-field - pro- PSAS 6/33* On W. face of a standing stone 3 cups up to 3 in. Spott minent PSAS 4/87 diam. ,. dee $in p (formerly stateds i t i , , there were NT 681766 RCAM 174 '18 cups') 139 LEASONHOUSE 'In the garden' RCA* M84 'On freestone slab (2£ ft. x !£ ft., £ ft. high) - 5 t founNo t knowd no 196 d o nt 7an Humbie (concentric? . diam.in 5 1 ) ' ringo t p su owner NT 483634 140 TRAPRAIN . shoulderNE Os nit , PSAS 69/122* On a big outcrop area - many incised designs, Style similar to No. 135, and 160. LAW but quarried away including cups-and-up-to-seven-rings, some with differenA t series? Later? Prestonkirk (now in N.M.A.S. radial grooves; Calvargridsa d an , y Cross NT 581747 Edinburgh) Fife 141 Bogleys 130 yds. E. of road; RCAM 228 On standing stone' cup5 face. - ssW p , Doubtfulto nea e rth t probablbu ; y man- Kirkcaldy 40 yds. N. of hedge up to 2 in. diam., \ in. deep made, or 'improved' by man NT 296950 n 2 14 Cluniefield 0 yds20 . WNWf .o RCAM 438 On conspicuous quadrate boulder's flat top - 8 cups Locally called 'McDuff's Cross' 13 Newburgh Whinnybank Cot- up to 3 in. diam. - round edges (around a probably 22716O N 7 tage f yds.o 0 1 ;. N natural basin). Hole sidn so e faces seem natural road 143 Easter Pitcorthie 350 yds. WNW. of PSAS 6/33 On standing stone's S. face, near the top, - 33 cups, Carnbee farmhouse RCAM 88* some in lines, and 2 'dumb-bells' n NO 497040 s 144 GLASSLIE Now in Falkland RCAM 245* On small flat sandstone slab - 3 cups-and-one- Very well preserved Falkland Palace Museum, (gapped)-ring, radial grooves frog mbi cupa o t s NO 23 05 Falkland (NO groove; and 7 cups 254076) 70 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F SYO 1967-8

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*S § 333§§8£ge5 154 Caiy Stone 15 Oxgangf ydso . .N s PSAS 6/46* O . n9higa ft i h standing stone' . facesE , mostly Also called the 'Kel Stone'. Some Colinton Rd. in E. wall of PSAS 3/209* near the foot - over 50 cups (14 in a cluster and 6 in of the cups may be natural, or 24364T N 8 'Caistone View' RCAM 19 a curved line) 'improved' 155 PARISH In an angle at N. of RCAM 106 On flat slab - 5 cups-and-one-ring (6 in. diam.), Much weathered CHURCH church tower against with radial groove from eac cups2 h2 cupd , an , Glencorse the church building som whicf e o hav y ringd hema ha s NT 247630 156 HAWTHORN- 30 yds. N. of Wal- PSAS 73/316* On inaccessible cliff recess's near-vertical face3 s- Hard to reach. Well-preserved. DEN lace's Cave yds8 ; . spirals (1 double and 1 'S'), 3 concentric rings, 10 'Fish' said to be incised on stone Lass wade beloyds5 1 . E .; wit rings (1 with outward groove), 6 triangles, shield, on path opposite - across gorge NT 281633 of Esk othed an r geometric mark grooved san s 157 PARKBURN 'In sand-quarry' PSAS 98/208* On rough flat slab, sid shorf eo t brokencis5 - t - Perhaps re-use cistn di . Similan ri Lasswade (no n i N.M.A.Sw . off concentric part-circles (separatelyd an , p cu a ) style to No. 156 NT 295673 Edinburgh) 158 Ratho Quarry 'In quarry' (nown i PSAS 32/45 On flat slab, part of a cist (not lid) - 2 cups 1£ in. Skull found under this slab (a Ratho N.M.A.S. Edin- PSAS 51/242 diam., \ in. deep double burial) 12770T N 4 burgh) 159 Saughtonhall 'I ndykea , near here' PSAS 51/242 On triangular, flat, gritstone slab - 12 cups up to Edinburgh (no n N.M.A.Si w . PSAS 30/202 21 in. diam., 1 in. deep, in 3 straight lines of 5, 4, NT 18 74 Edinburgh) and 3 Peeblesshire 160 DRUMELZIER 'By Tweed's bank; PSAS 65/371* On slab (probably cist-cover) found in a cairn - 4 Now in N.M.A.S. Edinburgh. Drumelzier 190 f For o yds . dS . RCAM 14 doubl singl1 d eean incised circles possibla d an , y Simila0 14 r d styl an Noso et 5 13 . 12332T N 6 House' natural 'axe-head, hollowed out' 161 HALLYNE 'Near Roman fort, in RCAM 100 On small flat broken block - cup-and-parts-of- 'Key-pattern'. Now in Chambers Lyne a field' three-rings, 2 parallel radial grooves from inner Institute (museum) store, Peebles NT 187407 ring; 10 in. estimated diam. 162 PARISH Outside and just E. RCAM 378* On broken early Christian cross-shaf - pattert f no finA e specime thif o latef nso e rus CHURCH of church pedesn o , - HBNC 9/545 25 cups-and-rings motif. Excluded from statistics I Innerleithen tal Alien 429 2 NT 332369 163 LAMANCHA 'Ia ngrave l bank' PSAS 6/62* On flat broken slab - double spiral, 4 double rings Possibly buriaa par f o t - lothe r Newlands (now in N.M.A.S. Breuil 308* diam.. in 7 upo ,t broken doublarc5 f so e ringsd ,an stones found near, in same gravel 2 5 0 2 T N Edinburgh) RCA1 M10 grooves. Also edgen o , arc3 , circlef so s bank > 164 Manor Kirk i mile NE. of village, PSAS 23/141 On standing stone' 'cups . 4J fac4 . o t 1 -in esp - SE 'u Manor in main road'. sNW PSAS 65/370 diam., many natural t 'improvedbu , n ma y b ' (3 NT 227386 wall 165 SOONHOPE 'In burn' . banksE , PSAS 23/365* Here Coles found a 'sandstone slab about 3 ft .t foun No 196n i d RCAMy 0b r o , Peebles between Soonhope square wit cups-and-one-rinh2 . diam.in 4 ,o t p gu 1967n i . Bur Kittlegairs ni y Burn 26941T N 9 fortd an ' the rings being unusually wide; also one ring' 6 16 Colmslie 100 yds. NE. of road; RCAM 612 flaOw t nlo boulde 3 x i . t leasft.a ft )cup4 - 4 rt( s Melrose 100 yds. NW. of u. diam.1o pt Jin , much weathered (formerly '23' NT 499403 wall were recorded) 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 1967-8 6C| o s ca ffg ^1 o *5 .22 ttj "S fi o, d d ca 8 £; all j o 00 ju d" P3 O H> >,"§ o •S2 § UH.C I „ ^ CS D, rj o 73 l|| to S U u 1 C07J •c-as

73 .s^ I §3 too °° d C §•1 £«§ OJ rt d^ a.» ^1 D. Z 6 3 73 "g «§2 O il §•'£ 73 &i! .Si ^ 2 O tS 43 1 •s'l " ° e 3 co ' d ^* §^1 <« i t. d i feg| it 2; Ms o £ d 3 goo € C •=-5 1: « ' «!» §•"§ M •»'% R^? co as |X w 60 rdt l&s T3 O „ 73 3 '^ " d *j a d d so .d • u cs •G o 'I I '>? m ' >l , «? 8 o o h Wi •c o.S •§& l * ed .2 £sfe I aCS 2-il o o "SZ a&3 g|3 1.12 to"cS General descrip Hfi r- « >~- 7 i- 73 a J2 I/) 1-^ ? CO " N< vo , ^! 1>0d • 0,73 •" | S . 8 8 3 >>.S "0 3 ( 5 in . diam. ) an d c u w sandston e sla b (1 | f *£•§ I gritston e boulder' s i •four-(incomplete)-rin g : 1 radia l groove s fro m i •9£|5 JS73 a surrounde d b y shallo w £\ "S •—• •3 -2 a ne-shape d block' s smoo t *S.I'S r-e'v 82-Sam . -i JS g'E HI s-d-S§- O n

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