DOCSLIB.ORG

An Assessment of Protogeometric Apsidal Buildings from Greece

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work 8-2005 An Assessment of Protogeometric Apsidal Buildings from Greece Sarah Marie Moore University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Moore, Sarah Marie, "An Assessment of Protogeometric Apsidal Buildings from Greece" (2005). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/893 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Assessment of Protogeometric Period Apsidal Buildings Senior Honors Thesis: Sarah Moore Director: Dr. Aleydis Van de Moortel Contents Introduction Methods and Aims of the Present Study I. Historical Overview: Apsidal Buildings in Prehistoric Greece 1.1 Early Helladic II-Early Helladic III Transition 1.2 Middle Helladic II. Final Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Society 11.1 Introduction: The Late Helladic Decline and the Late Helladic IIIC Period II. 2 Trends in Protogeometric Society 11.3 Architecture III. Catalog of Published Proto geometric Apsidal Buildings 111.1 Tiryns, Curved Wall B ill. 2 Thessaloniki, Toumba 111.3 Thermon, Megaron A III.4 Tarsus, Building U2 111.5 Poseidi, Building I:T III. 6 Asine, Building C (74L, 74N-IM, and 74M ) 111.7 Mitrou, Building A 111.8 Nichoria, Unit 111-1, Unit IV-lb and Curved Wall H ill. 9 Lefkandi, Toumba Building 111.10 Koukounaries, Building A 111.11 Assiros, Toumba III. 12 Antissa, Building III IV. Discussion V. Conclusions Figures References 1 Introduction The period from approximately 1000-900 B.C. in mainland Greece is generally regarded as a time of decline in society and culture. It was thought to have little to offer to our understanding of the development of Greek society. Researchers often believed that this period had little to do with the rise of Archaic society in Greece, mainly because there was little archaeological evidence from the period to suggest otherwise. The outdated name given to the period by previous researchers, the "Greek Dark Age", refers to our lack of knowledge about the period. However, it is becoming increasingly evident through new research that the period following the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces is important in understanding the social and political development of Greece. In ceramic terms, the Greek Dark Age is referred to as the Proto geometric and Geometric periods because of pottery styles, which will be discussed later. The present study will focus on a specific building type, the apsidal building, during the Proto geometric period, which is dated to ca. 1000-900 B.C. In light of new evidence it is clear that Proto geometric societies on the Greek mainland did not live in isolation. This is indicated through the widespread use of Proto geometric pottery styles and the use of iron (Lemos 2002: 1). Uniformities of material culture, such as these, are evidence for communication between groups living on the Greek mainland. Common motifs, styles, and inventions are indications of the sharing of information between groups. There is also some indication, most notably at Lefkandi, of exchange with locations outside the Aegean, such as the Near East. Communities of the Proto geometric period were permanent settlements and not nomadic, which is evidenced by their building construction. Buildings were made of stone foundations with waddle and daub walls or 2 mudbrick walls-nomadic groups would build structures of lighter construction. In addition, several sites give proof for stratified social systems through burial practices and/or architecture (Lemos 2002: 1-2). The most notable case of this occurs at Lefkandi, where a warrior, woman, and four horses are buried in the central room of a monumental apsidal building. Analysis of the Protogeometric period must be based on archaeological material because there are no written records from the period. The only accounts of the period occurring in literature come from Homer and stem from an oral tradition. These tales were put in writing in the 6th century, according to most scholars, but they contain details that relate them to the Bronze Age and Iron Age. The Iliad, attributed to Homer, includes many Mycenaean features found in the archaeological record-for example the boar's tusk helmet-but the Iliad contains many stories and was composed in its present form almost 400 years after the collapse of the Mycenaeans. People living in the Protogeometric period probably recounted the glory of the fallen Mycenaeans, who may have been their ancestors. Oral accounts often evolve, especially over the course of a few hundred years; because of this it is difficult to discern which features of these stories are Mycenaean and which are Protogeometric or Geometric in date!. Currently we do not have much archaeological evidence dating to the Protogeometric period. Most of the evidence currently available comes from burials as opposed to settlements. Classical Archaeology previously focused on more elaborate artifacts and architecture. Complete and painted vessels were prized, while incomplete 1 Lemos, The Protogeometric Aegean, Chapter 6.6 (2002). 3 and undecorated vessels could be thrown away. Methodology for excavating prehistoric settlements was not employed, and Proto geometric sites were often left unexcavated or poorly excavated. However, in general this view has long been discounted and is not the only reason for the scarcity of Proto geometric material. Proto geometric period settlements often lie under later settlements, and many times researchers halted their excavations, due to time or monetary constraints, before reaching the Proto geometric levels. Also, Protogeometric period sites can be difficult to locate. Unless a site was continuously occupied from the Protogeometric period to historical periods, we usually do not have much written evidence for its existence. There are no historical records for many Proto geometric period sites. While monumental architecture does exist from the Protogeometric, most buildings were constructed of waddle and daub or mudbrick on a stone soc1e. These walls would not withstand centuries of weathering, much less human and natural destructions. The only existing portions of these buildings today are the foundations, which are mostly underground and not easily located unless there exists a reason to suspect a settlement, such as Protogeometric material in a surface surveyor written records. Presently new excavations are taking place at sites with Protogeometric material, which will enhance our knowledge of the period. In order to learn more about Proto geometric society research needs to be carried out concerning specific features of the period. As Vincent Desborough said, "The more we know about the [Proto geometric period], the more we will know how and why the preceding society failed and the succeeding arose" (1972: 12). 4 Methods and Aims of the Present Study The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive exam of a prominent building type of Proto geometric society-the apsidal building. Currently only a handful of apsidal buildings dating to this time period have been found, but their functions are not clear. Apsidal buildings may have been the homes of rulers, religious buildings, served as community redistribution centers, or served as all of these. The purpose of this study is to provide detailed information regarding this specific building type so that it may be used to assess the function and role of apsidal buildings in Proto geometric society. I employ the method of cognitive archaeology, defined by Renfrew and Bahn as "the study of past ways of thought as inferred through the surviving material remains" (2005: 41). The purpose is to ascertain using only archaeological evidence how these buildings functioned in Proto geometric society and also why the ancient communities built them in certain ways. This is necessary because no historical documents originate during this period in Greece. Contextual analysis, a part of holistic archaeology, is also employed throughout this study. Contextual analysis involves learning from an artifact not only by its location within a building or its frequency at a site, but also by its association with other artifacts. This is a way to understand social organization and/or differences in status (Renfrew and Bahn 2005: 143-144). In order to use contextual analysis as a means to establish the functions and roles of Proto geometric apsidal buildings it is necessary to provide a detailed review of the buildings, their locations, and their artifacts. Section m provides information for the Protogeometric apsidal buildings. They are organized chronologically as far as possible 5 since the dates of some buildings are not precise. The buildings are organized in this way because some of the conclusions in Section V relate to changes over time. Inspiration for this research came from the site of Mitrou, a tidal islet in East Lokris, Greece. The first season of excavation at Mitrou was conducted in summer 2004. The project directors are Dr. Aleydis Van de Moortel of the University of Tennessee and Ms. Eleni Zahou of the Greek Archaeological Service. Surface finds date as early as the Neolithic and continue through the Protogeometric, so there is considerable possibility that Mitrou was continually occupied throughout most of Greek prehistory. Mitrou could shed light on important transitional periods, and one of these periods is the Bronze Age­ Iron Age transition. During excavation pottery of each phase and subphase of this transitional period was discovered, as well as an Early Iron Age settlement and cemetery above the Bronze Age habitation levels. The most impressive discovery was a large apsidal building, Building A.
Recommended publications
  • Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics

    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics

    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics The eighth-century revolution Version 1.0 December 2005 Ian Morris Stanford University Abstract: Through most of the 20th century classicists saw the 8th century BC as a period of major changes, which they characterized as “revolutionary,” but in the 1990s critics proposed more gradualist interpretations. In this paper I argue that while 30 years of fieldwork and new analyses inevitably require us to modify the framework established by Snodgrass in the 1970s (a profound social and economic depression in the Aegean c. 1100-800 BC; major population growth in the 8th century; social and cultural transformations that established the parameters of classical society), it nevertheless remains the most convincing interpretation of the evidence, and that the idea of an 8th-century revolution remains useful © Ian Morris. [email protected] 1 THE EIGHTH-CENTURY REVOLUTION Ian Morris Introduction In the eighth century BC the communities of central Aegean Greece (see figure 1) and their colonies overseas laid the foundations of the economic, social, and cultural framework that constrained and enabled Greek achievements for the next five hundred years. Rapid population growth promoted warfare, trade, and political centralization all around the Mediterranean. In most regions, the outcome was a concentration of power in the hands of kings, but Aegean Greeks created a new form of identity, the equal male citizen, living freely within a small polis. This vision of the good society was intensely contested throughout the late eighth century, but by the end of the archaic period it had defeated all rival models in the central Aegean, and was spreading through other Greek communities.
  • Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(S) of an Inland and Mountainous Region

    Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(S) of an Inland and Mountainous Region

    Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(s) of an Inland and Mountainous Region Eleni Salavoura1 Abstract: The concept of space is an abstract and sometimes a conventional term, but places – where people dwell, (inter)act and gain experiences – contribute decisively to the formation of the main characteristics and the identity of its residents. Arkadia, in the heart of the Peloponnese, is a landlocked country with small valleys and basins surrounded by high mountains, which, according to the ancient literature, offered to its inhabitants a hard and laborious life. Its rough terrain made Arkadia always a less attractive area for archaeological investigation. However, due to its position in the centre of the Peloponnese, Arkadia is an inevitable passage for anyone moving along or across the peninsula. The long life of small and medium-sized agrarian communities undoubtedly owes more to their foundation at crossroads connecting the inland with the Peloponnesian coast, than to their potential for economic growth based on the resources of the land. However, sites such as Analipsis, on its east-southeastern borders, the cemetery at Palaiokastro and the ash altar on Mount Lykaion, both in the southwest part of Arkadia, indicate that the area had a Bronze Age past, and raise many new questions. In this paper, I discuss the role of Arkadia in early Mycenaean times based on settlement patterns and excavation data, and I investigate the relation of these inland communities with high-ranking central places. In other words, this is an attempt to set place(s) into space, supporting the idea that the central region of the Peloponnese was a separated, but not isolated part of it, comprising regions that are also diversified among themselves.
  • Archaic Eretria

    Archaic Eretria

    ARCHAIC ERETRIA This book presents for the first time a history of Eretria during the Archaic Era, the city’s most notable period of political importance. Keith Walker examines all the major elements of the city’s success. One of the key factors explored is Eretria’s role as a pioneer coloniser in both the Levant and the West— its early Aegean ‘island empire’ anticipates that of Athens by more than a century, and Eretrian shipping and trade was similarly widespread. We are shown how the strength of the navy conferred thalassocratic status on the city between 506 and 490 BC, and that the importance of its rowers (Eretria means ‘the rowing city’) probably explains the appearance of its democratic constitution. Walker dates this to the last decade of the sixth century; given the presence of Athenian political exiles there, this may well have provided a model for the later reforms of Kleisthenes in Athens. Eretria’s major, indeed dominant, role in the events of central Greece in the last half of the sixth century, and in the events of the Ionian Revolt to 490, is clearly demonstrated, and the tyranny of Diagoras (c. 538–509), perhaps the golden age of the city, is fully examined. Full documentation of literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources (most of which have previously been inaccessible to an English-speaking audience) is provided, creating a fascinating history and a valuable resource for the Greek historian. Keith Walker is a Research Associate in the Department of Classics, History and Religion at the University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
  • Geomorphological and Archaeological Study Of

    Geomorphological and Archaeological Study Of

    ∆ελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας τοµ. XXXVI, 2004 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece vol. XXXVI, 2004 Πρακτικά 10ου ∆ιεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Θεσ/νίκη Απρίλιος 2004 Proceedings of the 10th International Congress, Thessaloniki, April 2004 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE BROADER AREA OF THE MYCENAEAN DAM OF MEGALO REMA AND ANCIENT TIRYNS, SOUTHEASTERN ARGIVE PLAIN, PELOPONNESUS Maroukian H.1,Gaki-Papanastassiou K.1 and Piteros Ch.2 1 Department of Geography-Climatology, School of Geology, University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, [email protected] , [email protected] 2 D’ EPKA (Ephoria of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities), 211 00 Nafplio ABSTRACT Along the eastern margins of the Argive plain, in the torrent of Megalo Rema and at a distance of 4 kilometers east of ancient Tiryns, lies the “Mycenaean dam of ancient Tiryns” a unique technological work of 13th century B.C. It is believed that it was constructed for the effective protection of the immediate environs of the Mycenaean acropolis of Tiryns from the great floods of Megalo Rema torrent which was flowing just south of the citadel in Mycenaean times. This technical feat is survived in very good condition, having an almost N-S direction, a length of 80-100 meters, a base of 10 meters and an extant height of 8 meters. Its external side is lined with Cyclopean walls. The stability of the dam is strengthened by the presence of flysch on its southern end. The diversion of the channel of Megalo Rema was accomplished by the digging of a 1.4 Km long artificial channel having a SSW direction and joining downstream with the natural channel of Agios Adrianos Rema which discharges in the Gulf of Argos farther south from ancient Tiryns.
  • Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878

    Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878

    BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1.
  • Agricultural Practices in Ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman Period

    Agricultural Practices in Ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman Period

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Hellenic University: IHU Open Access Repository Agricultural practices in ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman period Evangelos Kamanatzis SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) in Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies January 2018 Thessaloniki – Greece Student Name: Evangelos Kamanatzis SID: 2201150001 Supervisor: Prof. Manolis Manoledakis I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another’s work, I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student’s Handbook. January 2018 Thessaloniki - Greece Abstract This dissertation was written as part of the MA in Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies at the International Hellenic University. The aim of this dissertation is to collect as much information as possible on agricultural practices in Macedonia from prehistory to Roman times and examine them within their social and cultural context. Chapter 1 will offer a general introduction to the aims and methodology of this thesis. This chapter will also provide information on the geography, climate and natural resources of ancient Macedonia from prehistoric times. We will them continue with a concise social and cultural history of Macedonia from prehistory to the Roman conquest. This is important in order to achieve a good understanding of all these social and cultural processes that are directly or indirectly related with the exploitation of land and agriculture in Macedonia through time. In chapter 2, we are going to look briefly into the origins of agriculture in Macedonia and then explore the most important types of agricultural products (i.e.
  • Thesis Title

    Thesis Title

    To my parents, Athanassios Kravvas and Eleni Lioudi-Kravva To my children, Bigina and Thanassis Without them I feel that my accomplishments would be somehow incomplete… Acknowledgements There are some people who have contributed –one way or another– to this final product. I would like to thank my Ph.D. supervisors Pat Caplan and Victoria Goddard for their continuous support, guidance and trust in my project and myself. I am grateful to Rena Molho for her help and support through all these years. Stella Salem constantly enhanced my critical understanding and problematised many of my arguments. Of course, I should not forget to mention all my informants for sharing with me their ideas, their fears and who made me feel “at home” whenever they invited me to their homes. I would also like to thank Eleonora Skouteri–Didaskalou a gifted academic who tried to teach me more than ten years ago what anthropology is and why studying it entails a kind of magic. Last but not least I would like to express my gratitude to Ariadni Antonopoulou for helping me with the final version of the text. CONTENTS Introduction: What is to be “cooked” in this book? 1 1. Introducing the Jews of Thessaloniki: Views from within 9 About the present of the Community 9 Conceptualising Jewishness 13 “We are Sephardic Jews” 17 “We don‟t keep kosher but” 20 2. Conceptual “ingredients”: We are what we eat or we eat because we 24 want to belong Part A. Theories: Food as an indicator of social relationships 25 Food and the local-global interplay 29 Ethnicity and boundaries 32 Boundaries and communities 35 Eating food, constructing boundaries and making communities 42 Greece “through the looking glass” and the study of Macedonia 44 Part B.
  • Tracing the Emerging Open Access Landscape in Greece: Achievements, Challenges, Prospects

    Tracing the Emerging Open Access Landscape in Greece: Achievements, Challenges, Prospects

    Tracing the Emerging Open Access Landscape in Greece: Achievements, Challenges, Prospects Victoria Tsoukala; Nikos Houssos; Panagiotis Stathopoulos; Ioanna Sarantopoulou; Margaritis Proedrou; Despoina Chardouveli; Evi Sachini National Documentation Centre /National Hellenic Research Foundation [email protected] 2nd Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing, 24 August 2010, Prague This presentation • OA landscape in Greece • OA Work at the National Documentation Centre (EKT) 2nd Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing, 24 August 2010, Prague The emerging OA landscape • Growing awarenes on OA, but slowwwww…. – Greece signatory of 2004 OECD Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding . Yet…. Only 4 institutions in Berlin Declaration • Role of librarians • Role of EU grants and digitization projects in changing SC • Primarily IRs and OA journals, with steady growth. • Funding: government and EU grants; sponsoring • Major players in SC and OA: societies and academic institutions; private publishers not as active in e-publishing • Major fields of e-publishing and OA: STM • Increasing activities after 2006, 3 conferences on OA in 2008 • EKT’s portal www.openaccess.gr launched in 2008 • www.openarchives.gr , a federated search engine harvesting from Greek digital collections (private enterprise) • 2009 OA report on Greece, prepared by HEAL-link for SELL 2nd Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing, 24 August 2010, Prague Achievements • Large number of digitized and openly accessible documents, cultural and research along with the infrastructures to host them (IRs, Journals etc) • Increasing number of OA journals and IRs, approximately half of the 33 universities have one; 26 journals in DOAJ • Tendency of online peer-reviewed journals, particularly e-only, to be OA.
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cremation, Society, and Landscape in the North Aegean, 6000-700 BCE Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8588693d Author Kontonicolas, MaryAnn Emilia Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Cremation, Society, and Landscape in the North Aegean, 6000 – 700 BCE A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology by MaryAnn Kontonicolas 2018 © Copyright by MaryAnn Kontonicolas 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Cremation, Society, and Landscape in the North Aegean, 6000 – 700 BCE by MaryAnn Kontonicolas Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor John K. Papadopoulos, Chair This research project examines the appearance and proliferation of some of the earliest cremation burials in Europe in the context of the prehistoric north Aegean. Using archaeological and osteological evidence from the region between the Pindos mountains and Evros river in northern Greece, this study examines the formation of death rituals, the role of landscape in the emergence of cemeteries, and expressions of social identities against the backdrop of diachronic change and synchronic variation. I draw on a rich and diverse record of mortuary practices to examine the co-existence of cremation and inhumation rites from the beginnings of farming in the Neolithic period
  • American School of Classical Studies at Athens Newsletter Index 1977-2012 the Index Is Geared Toward Subjects, Sites, and Major

    American School of Classical Studies at Athens Newsletter Index 1977-2012 the Index Is Geared Toward Subjects, Sites, and Major

    American School of Classical Studies at Athens Newsletter Index 1977-2012 The index is geared toward subjects, sites, and major figures in the history of the School, and only the major subject of an article. Not every individual has a cross-entry: look for subject and site, first—entries that will tend to be more complete. Note: The symbol (F) next to an entry signifies the presence of a photograph of the subject. S = Spring [occasionally, Summer] Issue; F = Fall Issue; and W= Winter Issue, followed by the year and page number. Parentheses within subentries surround subsubentries, which would otherwise be indented and consume more space; this level of entry is separated by commas rather than semi-colons. When in doubt in a jungle of parentheses, refer to the right of the last semi-colon for the relevant subhead. Where this method becomes less effective, e.g., at “mega”-entries like the Gennadeion, typesetting devices like boldface and indentation have been added. Abbe, Mark (Wiener Travel Grant recipient): on roman sculpture in Corinth F10- 24 (F) Academy of Athens: admits H. Thompson F80-1 (F); gold medal to ASCSA S87- 4 (F) Acrocorinth: annual meeting report (R. Stroud) S88-5; sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone S88-5 (F). See also Corinth Acropolis (Athens): anniversary (300th) of bombardment observed F87-12; conservation measures, Erechtheion and Parthenon F84-1 (F), F88-7 (F), F91- 5 (F); exploration work of J.C. Wright S79-14 (F); Propylaia study, publication of S92-3 (F); reconstruction efforts, Parthenon (K.A. Schwab) S93-5 (F); restoration photos displayed at Fairfield University S04-4 (F);Temple of Athena Nike S99-5 (F) Adkins, Evelyn (Jameson Fellow): on school experience F11-13 Adossides, Alexander: tribute to S84-13 Aegean Fellows program (ARIT-ASCSA) S02-12 (F) Aesop’s Fables postcards: F87-15 After-Tea-Talks: description and ‘79 schedule F79-5; ‘80-‘81 report (P.
  • Continuity of Architectural Traditions in the Megaroid Buildings of Rural Anatolia: the Case of Highlands of Phrygia

    Continuity of Architectural Traditions in the Megaroid Buildings of Rural Anatolia: the Case of Highlands of Phrygia

    ITU A|Z • Vol 12 No 3 • November 2015 • 227-247 Continuity of architectural traditions in the megaroid buildings of rural Anatolia: Te case of Highlands of Phrygia Alev ERARSLAN [email protected] • Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey Received: May 2015 Final Acceptance: October 2015 Abstract Rural architecture has grown over time, exhibiting continuities as well as ad- aptations to the diferent social and economic conditions of each period. Conti- nuity in rural architecture is related to time, tradition and materiality, involving structural, typological, functional and social issues that are subject to multiple interpretations. Tis feldwork was conducted in an area encompassing the villages of the dis- tricts of today’s Eskişehir Seyitgazi and Afyon İhsaniye districts, the part of the landscape known as the Highlands of Phrygia. Te purpose of the feldwork was to explore the traces of the tradition of “megaron type” buildings in the villages of this part of the Phrygian Valley with an eye to pointing out the “architectural con- tinuity” that can be identifed in the rural architecture of the region. Te meth- odology employed was to document the structures found in the villages using architectural measuring techniques and photography. Te buildings were exam- ined in terms of plan type, spatial organization, construction technique, materials and records evidencing the age of the structure. Te study will attempt to produce evidence of our postulation of architectural continuity in the historical megara of the region in an efort to shed some light on the region’s rural architecture. Te study results revealed megaroid structures that bear similarity to the plan archetypes, construction systems and building materials of historical megarons in the region of the Phrygian Highlands.
  • Early Mycenaean Greece

    Early Mycenaean Greece

    Early Mycenaean Greece Middle Helladic to Late Helladic IIA Chronology Date (BCE) Crete Mainland 2000 Protopalatial Middle Helladic 1700 Neopalatial Grave Circle B 1600 LM IA Late Helladic I (Grave Circle A) 1500 LM IB Late Helladic II Tholos tombs, Vapheio tomb 1450 Destruction of Minoan sites Late Helladic IIB LM II 1400 LM IIIA Late Helladic IIIA (Mycenaean palaces) 1300 LM IIIB Late Helladic IIIB Acme of Mycenaean culture 1200 LM IIIC Late Helladic IIIC Middle Helladic Pottery from Lerna Matt-painted kantharos (Lerna V) Light-on-dark Matt-painted jar (Lerna V) Matt-painted carinated bowl (Lerna V) Argive Minyan kantharos (Lerna V) Middle Helladic “Minoanizing” pottery (Lerna V) Polychrome-painted Oatmeal Imported MM IA “egg cup” Minoanizing jar Polychrome-painted Minoanizing teacup Polychrome-painted Minoanizing two-handled teacup. Lerna - MH Architecture: Apsidal Long House with associated yard and storeroom Lerna - MH Architecture - Storeroom with pithoi in situ Apsidal longhouse at Ayios Stephanos Site distribution in the Peloponnesos Plans and diagrams of the main Mycenaean burial types Chamber tomb Tholos tomb Boar’s tusk and the boar’s tusk helmet Distribution of Aeginetan Ware pottery in the Bronze Age Tumulus at Vrana Map of Messenia (Mycenaean “kingdom” of Pylos) Grave stelae from Mycenae showing chariot scenes Bronze daggers with gold and silver inlay from Mycenae Bronze dagger (detail) of lion hunt scene Shaft grave at Ayios Stephanos (after removal of roofing slab) Small tholos tomb in the Messenian region (near Pylos) Entrance to a tholos tomb at Mycenae (“Treasury of Atreus”) MH Architecture - Plans of buildings at Asine and settlement at Malthi Plan of the Menelaion, Mansion I, LH IIB The Mycenaean megaron (palatial architecture) Miniature fresco from Room 5, West House, Akrotiri (detail).