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ICSE E-World 7.Indd Contents 1. Computer—Hardware components 1 Adjusting Row Height and Column Width in a Data and Information Worksheet Hardware and Software Formatting—Numerical Data, Text, Working of a Computer Aligning, Borders, Background Colour and External Hardware Patterns Storage Devices AutoFill Internal Hardware 6. Database and DBMS—An Introduction 66 2. Number System—An Introduction 16 Database and DBMS Number System File-oriented and database approach Ltd Decimal Number System Characteristics of database approach Binary Number System Uses of database Octal Number System Starting Microsoft Access Hexadecimal Number System Creating Database Pvt. Conversion between Number System Components of Microsoft Access 2010 window Conversion between Decimal Fractions and Objects and Tables in Access Binary Query 3. Computer Virus 24 7. More on HTML 86 Computer Virus Lists Malware Tables Types, Traits and Symptoms of Virus Forms Services Computer security Image Antivirus Software Hyperlinks 4. Ethics and Safety Measures in Computing 34 8. Looping statements in QBasic 108 Computing Ethics Introduction to Loops Unethical Practices Parts of a Loop Preventine Measures Types of Loops: Counter Method, Firewell FOR-NEXT Loop, WHILE-WEND Loop, Parental Control Education DO Loop Digital Footprints Exiting Loops 5. Spreadsheets—An Introduction 42 9. Programming in Qbasic Graphics Spreadsheets and Sound 129 Components of Microsoft Excel 2010 Various commands used to draw different shapes Window India Commands to generate sound Basic Operations—Creating, Saving, Exiting, Play music using QBASIC code Opening a Workbook Sample projects Printing, Navigating, Renaming, Adding and Removing a Worksheet Activities and Projects 146 Entering Data in a Worksheet Sample Test Paper 149 Editing—Selecting, Changing, Deleting, Copying,Pearson Moving, Inserting and Deleting Data© in a Worksheet ICSE_E-World 7_Prelim.indd 6 14/02/2017 06:18:57 AM 1 Computer—Hardware Components Ltd The former chairman of IBM Thomas Chapter Focus Watson in 1943 was reported to have said, "I ✓ Data and Information think there is a world market for maybe ✓ Hardware and Software Pvt. FIVE computers!" Today, most of us have ✓ Working of a Computer ✓ External Hardware about fi ve computers with us, in some form ✓ Storage Devices or other including laptops, netbooks, ✓ Internal Hardware cellphones, iPads, tablet PCs and what not! Nowadays, computers are an integral part of our lives. Services A computer system is an electronic device that accepts data as input (through input devices like keyboard and mouse), processes the input data by performing mathematical and logical operations (through the CPU) and gives the desired output (through output devices like monitor and printer). The computer also stores large amounts of data and information either temporarily or permanently in memory devices. The concept of generating output informationEducation from the input data is also referred to as Input-Process-Output (IPO) concept (Fig. 1.1). Data and Information INPUT InstructionsIndia PROCESS OUTPUT Fig. 1.1 IPO concept DATA AND INFORMATION A computer is a data-processing machine. Data refers to the raw facts and fi gures which are processedPearson logically by sets of instructions known as programs. The data is supplied to the computer by input devices. Information, on the other hand, is the logically processed data that is meaningful© and timely. The same data can be processed with different algorithms to cater to different information needs. 1 ICSE_E-World 7.indd 1 14/02/2017 07:40:13 AM For example, the marks submitted by the teachers to the report generation system may be considered as data, whereas the report card that is generated by the system is the information (Fig. 1.2). Data Processing Information Fig. 1.2 Relationship between data and information HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE The computer system has two very important components—hardware and software. Ltd Hardware Memory Unit Hardware refers to the tangible components or the Pvt. machinery that makes up a Central Processing Unit (CPU) computer. Hardware Control Unit (CU) components accept the data Input Device Output Device and instructions, process it Arithmetic and generate the desired and Logic Unit (ALU) outputs. All input, output, Services processing devices, logical Fig. 1.3 Functional units of a computer circuits, chips and so on are examples of hardware. Figure 1.3 shows the basic diagram of the functional units of a computer system. Software Software refers to a collection of programs.Education It is a set of instructions that tells the computer about the tasks to be performed and how these tasks are to be performed. Operating systems, applications, utilities and so on are examples of software. Let us now take a look into theIndia working of a computer. WORKING OF A COMPUTER A computer accepts data, processes data, generates output and stores data. The computer system accepts input through input devices. The input in the form of data and instructions is processed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The memory unit stores the data, instructions and intermediatePearson results temporarily or permanently. Finally, the result is generated through the output© unit. We will learn more about hardware in this chapter. Hardware: External and Internal Hardware The hardware of a computer can be external hardware or internal hardware. 2 ICSE_E-World 7.indd 2 14/02/2017 07:40:14 AM Table 1.1 External and Internal Hardware External Hardware Internal Hardware External hardware are the devices that are attached to Internal hardware are the components that are within the computer box into one of the ports of the computer. the computer box. They are built-in, attached or added as expansion cards to the motherboard of the computer. Some of the external hardware components are as Some of the internal hardware components are as follows: follows: • Input devices—Keyboard, Mouse, Light Pen, • Motherboard Barcode Reader, Optical Character Recognition • Power supply (OCR), Magnetic Ink Character Reader (OMR), • Fan Ltd Smart card, Touchscreen, Scanner, Joystick, • Processor Digitising tablet, Web Camera, Digital Camera, • Primary Memory—RAM and ROM Biometric Devices, • Disk drives • Output devices—Monitor, Speaker, Printer, • Ports Pvt. Projector, Plotter, • Storage devices—Compact Disc, Digital Versatile Disc, USB fl ash drive, Modem, Memory card EXTERNAL HARDWARE The external hardware devices are discussed below. ServicesInfo Hub Programs have to be loaded The Input Devices into the main memory fi rst The input devices accepts information from the users. Some of to be executed. Register is a special location within the the popular input devices are listed here. CPU that is used to hold Keyboard: A computer keyboard (Fig. 1.4) is the most common data and addresses required during processing. and standard input device. It is anEducation electromechanical device designed to transmit specialised electronic codes when a key is pressed. Keyboards have standard typewriter keys, function keys, cursor movement keys, numericIndia keys and special purpose keys like Ctrl (Control), Del (Delete), Ins (Insert) and Alt (Alternate). Keyboards are generally wired but nowadays wireless keyboards are also common. Fig. 1.4 Keyboard Mouse: The mouse (Fig. 1.5) is an important input device. A mouse allows control of an on- screen pointer called a cursor, which commonly looks like an arrow. When the arrow is properly Pearsonpositioned, it can be used to perform various tasks by pressing buttons on the © mouse. A mouse is generally an optical mouse. An optical mouse has a small light (usually red) under it and works on the principle of refl ection of light. A wireless mouse is not attached to the computer through a wire. It communicates with the computer using signals. Fig. 1.5 Mouse 3 ICSE_E-World 7.indd 3 14/02/2017 07:40:17 AM Light Pen: Light pen (Fig. 1.6) resembles ordinary pens and is used to indicate locations on a computer screen. There is a light-sensitive detector on the tip of the light pen. The detector identifi es the location of the pen on the screen, when the light pen touches the screen. It is connected to the VDU (Visual Display Unit). There is a light-sensitive detector on the tip of the light pen. The detector identifi es the location of the pen on the screen, where the light pen touches the screen. It is used to draw images on screen and instruct the computer to change the Fig. 1.6 Light pen shape, size, position and colour of sections of a screen. Barcode Reader: A barcode is a pattern printed in lines of different thicknesses that can be seen on many products. A barcode Ltd reader is used to scan the barcode of a product, thereby eliminating chances of any typing errors. It also helps to make Pvt. transactions faster. Figure 1.7(a) shows a barcode reader and Figure 1.7(b) shows (a) Barcode reader (b) Sample barcode a sample barcode. Fig. 1.7 Optical Character Recognition (OCR): An OCR reader (Fig.1.8) is a device that analyses the scanned character,Services recognises it and produces electronic or digital copy. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic fi les. Fig. 1.8 OCR reader Optical Mark Recognition (OMR): An OMR is used widely for evaluating multiple-choice questionnaires. The device has a high- intensity light inside that is directed in the form of a beam at the sheets Education of papers being fed through it. The beam scans the number and location of the pencil marks on the sheet of paper. The data is then convertedIndia into signals for the computer. Figure (a) OMR sheet (b) OMR 1.9 shows a part of an OMR sheet. Fig. 1.9 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR): An MICR (Fig. 1.10) is primarily used for verifying cheques. This recognition can identify and interpret numbers and few special symbols Pearson printed with magnetic ink on a © cheque.
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