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Review of Aegean Prehistory VI: the Palatial Bronze Age of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland Author(S): Cynthia W

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Review of Aegean Prehistory VI: the Palatial Bronze Age of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland Author(S): Cynthia W Review of Aegean Prehistory VI: The Palatial Bronze Age of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland Author(s): Cynthia W. Shelmerdine Reviewed work(s): Source: American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 101, No. 3 (Jul., 1997), pp. 537-585 Published by: Archaeological Institute of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/507109 . Accessed: 14/05/2012 10:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Archaeological Institute of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Archaeology. http://www.jstor.org Review of Aegean Prehistory VI: The Palatial Bronze Age of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland CYNTHIA W. SHELMERDINE Dedicatedto John Chadwickand William A. McDonald INTRODUCTION with emphasis on current scholarly views about My- cenaean culture in the palatial age.* Much of the This review of Aegean prehistory focuses on the evidence on which these views depend has emerged Late Bronze Age in southern and central Greece, or been reassessed during the last two decades. In * My thanks to Fred Kleiner and Tracey Cullen for in- son, A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation viting me to contribute to this series in AJA, and for their in the Bronze Age 1: The Mainland and editorial help. I owe a particular debt to J.L. Davis, who Islands (SIMA 52, G6teborg 1979). set the standard and showed the way in the first review Hdigg and R. Hdigg and N. Marinatos eds., Sanctu- of this series (AJA 96 [1992] 699-756), and to J.B. Rutter Marinatos aries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age for his coverage of the prepalatial Greek mainland (AJA (Stockholm 1981). 97 [1993] 745-97). This review is dedicated to two pioneers Hdigg and R. Hdigg and G.C. Nordquist eds., Cele- with whom I was privileged to work: John Chadwick in Nordquist brations of Death and Divinity in the textual matters, and William A. McDonald on the archae- Bronze Age Argolid (Stockholm 1990). ological side. Kardulias P.N. Kardulias ed., Beyond the Site: Re- Many colleagues have been generous in their response gional Studies in the AegeanArea (Lon- to pleas for information, permissions, and/or advice: Vas- don 1994). silis Aravantinos, Paul Astr6m,John Bennet, Emmett Ben- Killen J.T. Killen, "The Linear B Tablets and nett, Pierre Carlier, Eric Cline, Fred Cooper, Michael Cos- the Mycenaean Economy," in A. Mor- mopoulos, Jack Davis, Peter Day, Katie Demakopoulou, purgo Davies and Y. Duhoux eds., Oliver Dickinson, Elizabeth French, Robin Hdigg, Halford Linear B:A 1984 Survey (Bibliotheque Haskell, Spiros lakovides, John Killen, Eleni Konsolaki- des Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguis- Yannopoulou, Peter Kuniholm, Albert Leonard, Christo- tique de Louvain 26, Louvain 1985) pher Mee, Jose Melena, Penelope Mountjoy, Mike Nelson, 241-305. Jean-Pierre Olivier, Ruth Palmer, Ingo Pini, Cemal Pulak, Mykenaika J.-P. Olivier ed., Mykenaika:Actes du IX' David Curtis Reese, Runnels, Jerry Rutter, Kim Shelton, Colloqueinternational sur les textes myce- Carol Thomas, Gisela Walberg, Peter Warren, Berit Wells, niens et igeens, Athenes,2-6 octobre1990 Malcolm Wiener,Jim Wright, and Eberhard Zangger. I am (BCH Suppl. 25, Paris 1992). also grateful to those who provided technical and editori- Politeia R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier eds., al and help general encouragement: John Bennet, Kate Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Elaine Bracher, Jack Davis, Godwin, Sebastian Heath, Jan Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12, Liege 1995). Jackson,Jane Okrasinski, Pamela Russell,Jerry Rutter, Susan Rehak P. Rehak ed., The Role of the Ruler in the and Chris Williams. the best Shelmerdine, Despite efforts Prehistoric Aegean (Aegaeum 11, Liege of all these people, this review does not claim to be a com- 1995). treatment of all of LH III Greece. As prehensive aspects Rutter J.B. Rutter, "Review of Aegean Prehistory usual in such the choice of cases, topics included is idio- II: The Prepalatial Bronze Age of the syncratic, but I hope others too will find them important Southern and Central Greek Main- and interesting. land," AJA 97 (1993) 745-97. The following abbreviations are used in this review: Studies Bennett J.-P.Olivier and T.G. Palaima eds., Texts, des "Chronique" "Chronique fouilles," BCH. Tabletsand Scribes: Studies in Mycenae- Davis "Review of J.L. Davis, Aegean Prehistory an Epigraphy and Economy Offered to The Islands of the 96 I: Aegean," AJA EmmettL. Bennett,Jr. (Minos Suppl. 10, (1992) 699-756. Salamanca 1988). Documents2 M. Ventris and Documents J. Chadwick, Studies Chadwick J.T. Killen,J.L. Melena, andJ.-P. Olivier in Greek2 Mycenaean (Cambridge 1973). eds., Studies in Mycenaean and Classi- French and French and K.A. Wardle E.B. eds., Prob- cal Greek Presented to John Chadwick Wardle lems in Greek Prehistory (Bristol 1988). (Minos 20-22, Salamanca 1987). Gazetteer R. Hope Simpson and O.T.P.K.Dickin- 537 American Journal of Archaeology 101 (1997) 537-85 538 CYNTHIA W. SHELMERDINE [AJA 101 Korakou lolkos Tsoungiza DiminiV 0 ZygouriesV Mycenae?V Berbati Prosymna* pendra Ayios Aros Midea Konstanilinos Argos~ Tirynsuro D naVElateia o f Orchomenos SVDelphi V Gla* PolisCave Krisa Vlicha Amarynthos Aetos Thebes V E uresis Teikhos V Kallithea * Panakton Dymaion * Chalandritsa v Derveni Eleusisrystos v-- AthensBra on o AreaPerati v inset map Perat Mantinea * I orikos Palaiokastro VKakovat [ Peristeria Mouriatada o Volimidia VEllinika 4Routsi' Menelaion Tragana,os # . V'Kouk •Vunara k• . Amyklai• Step 2 anosA VSettlement andtomb * Mainlysettlement * Mainlytomb 0 25 50 75 100 km Fig. 1. Map of archaeological sites in Greece mentioned in the text. (C.W.Shelmerdine and C. Williams) addition to new discoveries, new interpretations have ing islands except for Euboea. The chronological fo- been inspired by advances in technology and by cus is the high point of Mycenaean culture during changes in our own cultural attitudes, which influ- the 14th and 13th centuries B.C., defined in ceramic ence the way we look at the past. terms as the Late Helladic (LH) IIIA and LH IIIB The geographical scope (fig. 1) coincides with that periods. Any analysis of the Mycenaean states would of Rutter's review in AJA on the prepalatial Bronze be incomplete, however, without consideration of Age.' The northern limit of coverage extends from their rise and fall. Recent debate on the emergence the Gulf of Arta in the west to the mouth of the Sper- of statehood has included essential developments cheios River in the east. Below this line the entire during the Early Mycenaean period, LH I-II. Sim- mainland is included, and the immediately surround- ilarly, discussion of the destructions that ended the I Rutter 746. 1997] THE PALATIAL BRONZE AGE 539 Mycenaean palatial era ca. 1200 B.C. also requires through the invaluable yearly reviews in Archaeolog- consideration of their consequences for the follow- ical Reports and the "Chronique des fouilles" in the ing LH IIIC period. Bulletin de correspondancehellenique. Bibliographical Even with some flexibility in its chronological lim- access to developments in Linear B studies has been its, this review covers a shorter time period than most more difficult during the same period. The listings of the others in this series. By way of compensation, of books, articles, and reviews in Nestor include tex- an extra dimension is highlighted: the use of textual tual as well as archaeological contributions,3 but the evidence. Our ability to read Mycenaean Greek in- summary publication Studies in MycenaeanInscriptions creases the range of questions we can ask about the and Dialect was in hiatus from 1978 until its resur- period, and the Linear B tablets raise special prob- rection in 1995.4 Until very recently, new work on lems of their own. In combination with archaeolog- the Bronze Age has not been much summarized, as- ical discoveries, these texts also contribute to research sessed, or synthesized.5 A welcome change is now on a variety of cultural issues such as religion and evident, with the appearance of comprehensive economic administration. The material to be ad- studies of Bronze Age Crete and mainland Greece dressed is thus quite diverse, and is better suited to as well as analytical bibliographies of Mycenaean a thematic approach than to a strict chronological society.6 These publications, and the "Review of Ae- or geographical organization. This review is there- gean Prehistory" series itself, document how much fore arranged under the following headings: chronol- has happened in this field in two decades. ogy, work at palatial centers and other sites, regional CHRONOLOGY surveys and settlement patterns, technological ad- vances, ceramic studies, development of Mycenaean Late Helladic IIIA-B chronology, both relative and states, new inscriptions, economic and political ad- absolute, is more straightforward than that of pre- ministration, religion, and destructions. ceding phases of the Bronze Age. Nonetheless, it is The publication of Hope Simpson and Dickinson's affected by several recent developments, and some Gazetteer in 1979 is the starting point for the review points remain in dispute. The alternative chronol- of fieldwork.2 Since then it has been possible to ogies of the Late Bronze Age are given in table 1.7 keep abreast of archaeological activity in Greece Ceramic synchronisms still play a role in the debate 2 with information 1977. Davis Gazetteer, through 700 a general audience. B. Eder, Staat, Herrschaft, Gesellschaft and Rutter 747 also this acknowledge publication as a ter- infriihgriechischer Zeit.
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