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LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2010

I. The legal framework for language

I. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LANGUAGE

1. Prevailing legal framework

1.1. The Statute of Autonomy of

1.1.1. The constitutional and statutory framework of the system of official languages and the powers of the Generalitat in this area

1.1.2. Language rights and duties and the guiding principles of public policy with respect to language

1.1.2.1. Public Administration and associated bodies 1.1.2.2. Education 1.1.2.3. The media 1.1.2.4. The socioeconomic sphere 1.1.2.5. Cooperation and external promotion

1.1.3. The recognition of

1.2. The Language Policy Act

1.2.1. Public Administration and associated bodies

1.2.1.1. Regulation of use 1.2.1.2. The regulation of knowledge 1.2.1.3. The use of Catalan in the field of justice 1.2.1.4. Registries and notaries 1.2.1.5. Onomastics

1.2.2. Education

1.2.2.1. Compulsory education 1.2.2.2. University education

1.2.3. Media and cultural industries

1.2.3.1. The broadcast media 1.2.3.2. The Catalan Broadcasting Corporation 1.2.3.3. Local TV stations 1.2.3.4. The Catalan Audiovisual Council 1.2.3.5. Information and communication technologies 1.2.3.6. The cultural sphere

1.2.4. The socioeconomic sphere

1.2.5. External promotion

1 I. The legal framework for language

1.3. Education Act

1.4. Consumer Code of Catalonia Act

1.4.1. The language rights of consumers

1.4.2. Procedures for imposing fines

1.5. Catalan Sign Language Act

1.6. Film Act

1.7. Reception of Immigrants and Returnees to Catalonia Act

1.8. Aranese Occitan in Aran Act

2. The European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages

2 I. The legal framework for language

I. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LANGUAGE

1. Prevailing legal framework

1.1. The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia

1.1.1. The constitutional and statutory framework of the system of official languages and the powers of the Generalitat in this area

Organic Act 6/2006, dated 19 July, which reformed the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (hereinafter referred to as the SAC) entailed the complete replacement of the language provisions contained in the 1979 SAC by new regulations. This reform of the Statute comes under the Spanish Constitution, and in particular article 3.2, which states that “The other Spanish languages shall also be official in the respective Autonomous Communities in accordance with their Statutes.” Thus it ascribes the declaration of official status and the basic implementation of the language system to the Statute.

The first change with respect to language issues in this reform of the Statute is the greater length and complexity of the language provisions it contains when compared with the language provisions to be found in the previous SAC passed in 1979. Thus while the latter set aside two articles and an additional provision to language, the new 2006 Statute assigns, whether expressly or indirectly, some twenty articles to it (5, 6, 11.2, 12, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 44.2, 50, 62.2, 65, 101.3, 102.1, 102.3, 102.4, 143, 146.3, 147, 151 and 155.2.b), in addition to a reference in the preamble.

This expansion of language regulations has come about because pre-existing language legislation, which essentially means the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, has been given statutory status and also as a result of the introduction of new aspects such as the duty to know Catalan and the recognition of exclusive powers with respect to Catalonia’s own language.

By way of summary, the most significant language features of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy are as follows:

 Affording statutory status to the basic principles of pre-existing language legislation: articles 6 (sections 1, 2, 3 and 4, regulating the principles of own language and official status), 12 (referring to territories with historical, linguistic and cultural links with Catalonia), 33 (regulating linguistic rights in dealings with Public Administration bodies and state institutions), 34 (which deals with the linguistic rights of consumers and users), 35 (which deals with language rights in the field of education) and 50 (on the promotion and dissemination of Catalan).

 The inclusion of issues which are subject to statutory reserve and had not been included in the 1979 SAC. These are aspects which are directly connected with the reference made to the Statutes in article 3.2 of the Spanish Constitution which previously either did not exist or had weaker regulatory bases. This would be the case with articles 6.2 (duty to know Catalan) and 143 (the exclusive authority of the Generalitat in language matters).

 The reinforcement of the language duties incumbent on the State’s general administration services and on the Justice Administration and notaries and registrars, together with the regulation of language rights vis-à-vis state-wide constitutional and jurisdictional bodies in articles 33, 37.1, 50.7, 101.3, 102.1 and 147, in the light of the reinforcement of their grounds inherent in the dual nature of the regulations in the SAC (as both a basic institutional regulation in the autonomous community and also as an organic Act of the State).

 The regulation of the skills required of personnel in the general administration of the Spanish State, in the justice system, in notarial offices and in registries within the terms established by law (art. 33.3, 33.4, 102.1 and 147).

3 I. The legal framework for language

 The reference to Aranese, the variant of Occitan spoken in the Val d’Aran, the declaration of its official status throughout Catalonia (even though the Statute defers a statement of the scope and content of this official status to future legislative provision) and its clear connection to the language and reality of Occitan (art. 6.5, 11.2, 36, 50 and 143.2).

 Affording statutory status to language conjunction in non-university education to prevent language-based separation, while establishing the normal use of Catalan, the right to receive an education in Catalan and the teaching of Catalan and Spanish (art. 35).

 The recognition of the right to language availability in establishments that are open to the public within the terms established by law (art. 34). This year the Consumer Code Act 22/2010, dated 20 July, has been passed.

 The recognition of Catalan sign language (art. 50.6), which has led to the enactment of the Catalan Sign Language Act 17/2010, dated 3 June.

As for the language powers of the Generalitat, significant here is article 143, which gives it exclusive authority over own language issues and also authority over the language normalisation of the Occitan spoken in the Val d’Aran, in conjunction with the Conselh Generau d’Aran (General Council of Aran). Two other articles, 146.3 and 147.1.a, explicitly state its powers in terms of fostering multilingualism in the media and on providing proof of knowledge of Catalan by staff in notary offices and registries respectively. A further miscellaneous range of powers also have implicit language content including associations and foundations (art. 118), savings banks (art. 120), trade and trade fairs (art. 121), consumer affairs (art. 123), cooperatives (art. 124), public law corporations and certified professions (art. 125), culture (art. 127), education (art. 131), sport and leisure (art. 134), public employment (art. 136), immigration (art. 138), youth (art. 142), the media (art. 146), organisation of the Administration of the Generalitat (art. 150), the system of local government (art. 160), healthcare, public health, pharmaceutical regulation and pharmaceutical products (art. 162), tourism (art. 171) and the universities (art. 172).

Before finishing this section, mention should be made of the recent ruling by the Constitutional Court of 28 June 2010 on the appeal of unconstitutionality no. 8045-2006 brought against several provisions of Organic Act 6/2006, dated 19 June, reforming the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. In terms of language, it should be noted that the ruling declares the phrase “and preferred” in section 1 of article 6 of the Act to be unconstitutional. Furthermore, the court ruling submits article 5 (language in relation to historic rights), article 6.2 (official languages), article 33.5 (relations between citizens and national constitutional and legal bodies), article 34 (language rights of consumers and users), article 35.1 and 2 (education) and article 50.5 (language of internal procedures, communications and notifications) to interpretation.

1.1.2. Language rights and duties and the guiding principles of public policy with respect to language

1.1.2.1. Public Administration and associated bodies

Article 6.1 of the 2006 SAC reproduces the statement that “Catalonia's own language is Catalan”. The article then expands, in very general terms, the declaration of Catalan as the own language of Catalonia in a number of areas, including the public administrations. Thus it states that Catalan “is the language of normal and preferential use in Public Administration bodies [...] of Catalonia”.

Given that the concept of own language is based on territory, its consequences encompass and bind all the administration bodies in Catalonia. This is in spite of the fact that Act 1/1998 made it applicable in varying degrees depending on whether the administrative body was part of the Spanish State’s administrative structure or not. It should also be recalled that even though Act 1/1998 predates the current SAC, its stipulations are still valid unless they have been repealed or come into conflict with the provisions of the Statute.

4 I. The legal framework for language

In the case of Catalan Public Administration bodies, the Statute extends the concept of own language when it gives priority in article 50.5 to the use of Catalan in internal proceedings and in relations between these institutions and the general public:

"The Generalitat, the local administration and other public corporations in Catalonia, the institutions and companies answerable to them and the franchisees of their services, shall use Catalan for their internal proceedings and for relations among themselves. They shall also use it in communications and notifications addressed to natural or legal persons resident in Catalonia, without prejudice to citizen rights to receive them in Spanish should they ask for this.”

Thus under these statutory regulations articles 2.2.a and 9.1 of Act 1/1998 remain fully in force, so that Catalan is the own language of Catalan administrative bodies, that is to say that it is the “language of use” or alternatively “the normal and preferred language of use”, in the sense of habitual, while at the same time maintaining the right of people to interact with these bodies in Spanish.

The 2006 SAC presents a general statement of “Language rights in dealings with Public Administration bodies and state institutions” in article 33. In the first section of the article the language choice rights of citizens are recognised in the following way:

“Citizens have the right to linguistic choice. In their relations with institutions, organisations and Public Administration bodies in Catalonia, each individual has the right to use the of his or her choice. This right binds public institutions, organisations and administration bodies, including the electoral administration in Catalonia, and, in general, any private bodies depending on them when exercising public functions.”

As for the language rights of people vis-à-vis the State Administration, article 35.d of Act 30/1992, dated 26 November, on the legal system applicable to the public administrations and common administrative proceedings, confers on citizens when dealing with the public administrations the right “to use the official languages of the territory of their autonomous community in compliance with the provisions of this Act and other legislation”. The latter refers to both the SAC (as the regulation delimiting the official status of Catalan) and also the legislation brought in by the Generalitat by virtue of its exclusive authority to determine the uses and legal effects of Catalan’s official status and to lay down normalisation provisions for its use (art. 143.1 from the SAC). In this respect the Legal System and Procedure of Public Administration in Catalonia Act 26/2010, dated 3 August, establishes in its article 5 that "the language system in Public Administration in Catalonia is governed by the provisions of the Statute of Autonomy and language rules of the Catalan Government and local authorities.”

With reference to the language skills of personnel working in the State Administration services in Catalonia, and consistent with the territorial meaning of the system of dual official status, article 33.4 of the SAC states that:

“To guarantee the right to linguistic choice, the Administration of the State in Catalonia must demonstrate that the personnel in its service have an adequate and sufficient knowledge of the two official languages that renders them fit to fulfil the functions of their posts.”

In the sphere of the Administration of Justice, the SAC includes a title on “Judicial power in Catalonia” (title III), which is intended to bolster the connection between this State power (in the Spanish Constitution designed to be unitary) and the territory of the autonomous community, its institutions and the basic principles which regulate its self-government. This is expressed in the will of the legislator in the Statute to enhance the position of Catalan in the judicial sphere.

As State legislation, with the status of an organic Act, a number of the provisions of the 2006 SAC reinforce the principle of dual official status with respect to the Administration of Justice. People’s language rights vis-à-vis the Administration of Justice and other public bodies linked to it are expressly included in article 33.2, which states:

5 I. The legal framework for language

“When dealing with the Administration of Justice, the Office of the Public Prosecutor, notaries and public registry offices, each individual has the right to use the official language of his or her choice in any judicial, notarial or registration procedures, and to receive all official documentation issued in Catalonia in the language requested, without having to endure defencelessness or undue delay due to the language chosen, and without having to provide any type of translation.”

This article states the right of use of the language in Catalonia and specifies both its active (the language people can use when addressing these bodies) and passive (the right to be attended in the chosen language) aspects. It also specifically states that the exercise of this right shall not entail any form of harm or charges for the person concerned.

The SAC also regulates the language skills of personnel in the Administration of Justice and legal organisations as an issue consistent with and linked to the declaration of the official status of Catalan and the rights that this generates for the public. Thus article 33.3 lays down that:

“To guarantee the right to linguistic choice, judges and magistrates, public prosecutors, notaries, registrars of property and companies, those responsible for the Civil Registry and those in the service of the Administration of Justice, must demonstrate, in order to serve in Catalonia, in the form established by law, that they have an adequate and sufficient knowledge of the official languages which renders them fit to fulfil the functions of their post or workplace.”

Article 102.1 of the SAC specifies the duty of personnel in the courts and public prosecution services to demonstrate their knowledge of Catalan when it states that:

“1. Magistrates, judges and public prosecutors who occupy a post in Catalonia shall prove an adequate and sufficient knowledge of Catalan to ensure the linguistic rights of the citizens, in the form and within the scope determined by law.”

As for posts awarded by means of transfer competitions, article 102.3 of the SAC provides for specific and unique evaluation of knowledge of the language:

“3. In all cases, sufficient knowledge of the Catalan language and law shall be specifically and uniquely evaluated for the award of a post in the corresponding transfer competitions.”

With respect to registries and notaries, article 33.2 of the SAC establishes a guarantee of the right of use and the right to receive all official documentation issued in Catalonia in Catalan. Due to their location, these rights also enjoy the guarantees of the statutory rights in chapter three of the first title (art. 37 and 38 of the SAC) and this enhances their binding effectiveness. This article reinforces the language rights in these areas, which were included in Act 1/1998, as is discussed below.

As for the language skills of personnel in notary offices and registries, in addition to article 33.3, article 147.1.a of the SAC, as part of powers over “Notarial affairs and public registries”, sets out the content of the executive power of the Generalitat in terms of appointments, which includes:

“Appointment of notaries and property, mercantile and movable assets registrars, by means of the calling, administration and resolution of open and restricted competitive examinations and competitions, which shall be called and implemented leading to formal appointment. Candidates for the post of notary or registrar shall be admitted on the basis of equality of rights, and shall provide proof of knowledge of the Catalan language and law in the form and to the extent established by the Statute and by law.”

This requirement is the consequence of the right of language choice recognised in article 33.2 of the SAC, and it is reasonable inasmuch as these professionals carry out their duties in public offices where the right to use either of the official languages may be exercised in a range of procedures including the filing of records.

6 I. The legal framework for language

As for constitutional entities and State-wide courts, article 33.5 of the SAC introduces a generic right of use of Catalan before constitutional entities and jurisdictional bodies with authority throughout the State in the following terms:

“The citizens of Catalonia have the right to communicate in writing in Catalan with the constitutional entities and with the State-wide jurisdictional bodies, in accordance with the procedures established by the corresponding legislation. These institutions shall attend to and process written communications in Catalan, which shall have in all cases full legal validity.”

Nonetheless, its effectiveness depends on the introduction of the changes required in State legislation and regulations. Indeed, the system of sources of law makes the efficacy and guarantee of the right contained in article 33.5 of the SAC subject to it being included in specific regulations for the institutions concerned (for example, the Regulations of the Spanish Parliament, the Constitutional Court Organic Act, procedural laws, etc.).

1.1.2.2. Education

The bulk of the language regulations in the SAC concerning education include provisions drawn from chapter III of Act 1/1998, which in turn was based in part on its predecessor, the Language Normalisation in Catalonia Act 7/1983, dated 18 April. In spite of this basic continuity in the SAC, mention should be made of some changes in the formulation of language aspects in this area and also of the consequences of higher regulatory status in the field of the guarantees applicable to language rights in education (articles 37 and 38 of the SAC).

First of all, article 6.1 of the SAC confirms the condition of Catalan as the own language of education in Catalonia, which was already stated in article 2.2.a of Act 1/1998, and specifies that “it is also the language of normal use for teaching and learning in the education system” (this is the same as article 21.1 in Act 1/1998). This statement serves to confirm the basis of an educational language model which, given the sociolinguistic situation in Catalonia and to comply with the Statute’s mandate to normalise the Catalan language, makes Catalan into the “centre of gravity” of the model.

Later on, in chapter III of title I, article 35 of the SAC (“Linguistic rights in the field of education”) sets out the basic themes in the pre-existing language model for education. The status of own language is repeated in article 35.1, which states: “Each individual has the right to receive an education in Catalan, as established in this Statute. Catalan shall be used as the teaching and learning language for university and non-university education.” This right has to be defined in relation to the rest of the provisions in the Statute. With reference to the second point, it should be noted that there is an express extension of the effect of the own language status of Catalan to university education and to non-university education, which had previously also been set out in article 20.2 of Act 1/1998 albeit with a more ambiguous wording.

As for non-university education, the combination of articles 6.1 and 35 of the SAC serves to give statutory confirmation to the model of language conjunction that has been used in education since 1980 and was set out firstly in the Language Normalisation Act and then later on in the Language Policy Act (art. 20 and 21).

The adoption of the language conjunction system, which determines that Catalan must normally be used as the teaching and learning language, without prejudice to the right and duty to learn both official languages (article 35.2 of the SAC), includes constitutional jurisprudence which states that it is legitimate for a competent public authority (in this case the Generalitat) to determine the language used in the educational system (Constitutional Court Ruling – hereinafter STC – 337/1994). Likewise, constitutional jurisprudence has also established that the fundamental right to education contained in article 27.1 of the Spanish Constitution does not include the right to choose the language in which that education is given (STC 195/1989). The right “to receive an education in Catalan” does not entail an obligation only to use Catalan in the classroom, given that Spanish must have an “adequate presence” in order to achieve statutory goals (although the State may not impose the presence of Spanish beyond the powers over basic legislation that it is assigned under article 140.1.30 of the Spanish Constitution and which take the shape of setting basic minimum educational requirements).

7 I. The legal framework for language

The main innovations in the Statute are to be found in the following articles:

 Article 35.2, which states: “They also have the right and the duty to have adequate spoken and written knowledge of Catalan and Spanish when they complete compulsory education, regardless of what their habitual language is when they enter the school system. The Catalan and Spanish languages shall be sufficiently represented in the curricula”.

 Article 35.3, which recognises that “pupils have the right not to be separated into centres or different class groups on the basis of their habitual language of use”.

 Article 35.4, which specifies that “those pupils who join the school system in Catalonia at a later age than normal school starting age have the right to receive special linguistic support if their lack of comprehension skills makes it difficult for them to pursue their education normally”.

The prescription concerning the learning of a third language during compulsory education needs to be taken into account when implementing the SAC in the education sector. Article 44.2 of the SAC does not formulate this as a legal right of pupils but rather as a guiding principle for the action of the public authorities in “education, research and culture”: “The public authorities shall ensure sufficient knowledge of a third language by completion of compulsory education.”

Article 50.2, with reference to these guiding principles, is very similar to article 22.2 of Act 1/1998 when it states that:

“Government, universities and higher education institutions, in their respective powers, shall adopt the relevant measures to guarantee the use of the Catalan language in all teaching, administrative and research activities.”

See section 1.3.1 for a description of how the new Education Act has taken these provisions of the SAC into account.

1.1.2.3. The media

The SAC contains two explicit provisions concerning the use of Catalan in the media. Firstly, in article 6.1 it states that as Catalonia's own language, “Catalan is the language of normal and preferential use […] in the public media of Catalonia”.

The second explicit reference is to be found in title IV on powers, where article 146.3 lays down that “the Generalitat shall promote the linguistic and cultural pluralism of Catalonia in the media”.

As part of the SAC, more precise regulation of the mechanisms for the participation of the Generalitat in areas which are under the authority of the State and which affect it may help to improve efficacy in this respect. Thus article 182.3 states that “the Generalitat designates or participates in processes for designation of members of the […] Radio and Television Council, of any entities that may replace these […]”, while in general article 183 regulates the functions of the Generalitat - State Bilateral Commission.

As for private media outlets over which the Generalitat exercises shared powers (art. 146.1.b “over the regulation and control of broadcasting services that use any of the available formats and technologies aimed at the audience in Catalonia, and the supply of broadcasting services if distributed in the territory of Catalonia”, and 146.2, “the media”) the requirements to promote Catalan contained in article 50.1 are applicable. These include both measures that foster the use of the language as well as constrictive ones (such as for example broadcasting quotas for Catalan) in order to guarantee its presence in the media and audiovisual services.

8 I. The legal framework for language

1.1.2.4. The socioeconomic sphere

Another relevant aspect of the 2006 SAC is the explicit recognition it contains of the language rights of people as consumers and users in chapter III of title I, “Linguistic rights and obligations”, where article 34 states the following:

“Each individual, in his or her capacity as user or consumer of goods, products and services, has the right to be attended orally or in writing in the official language of his or her choice. Bodies, companies and establishments that are open to the public in Catalonia are bound by the obligation of linguistic availability within the terms established by law.”

This statutory right specifies the language dimension of “The rights of consumers and users”, recognised in general by article 28 of the SAC. Previously, chapter IV of the Consumers’ Statute Act 3/1993, dated 5 March (art. 26 to 28), had already set out the language rights of this group. Specifically article 27 (“The right of a person to be attended regardless of which of the two official languages he or she choose to express himself or herself in”) was subsequently repeated by article 32.1 of Act 1/1998 (“Attention to the public”). With reference to these legal precepts, two parts need to be distinguished in the interpretation of the Statute:

The first part of article 34 of the SAC recognises the right of people, in their capacity as users or consumers of goods, products and services, “to be attended orally or in writing in the official language of their choice”. This is a general right which needs to be linked to the current article 32.1 in Act 1/1998, which includes a similar regulation.1 Hence what in Act 1/1998 was formulated as a generic duty of companies and establishments is included in the SAC also as a generic right of people as consumers or users.

The second part of article 34 of the SAC provides for subsequent specification of the duty of language availability, with the establishment of how this duty is to be met reserved for regulatory implementation which is now provided by the Consumer Code referred to above. This section provides for the obligation of organisations, companies and establishments that are open to the public to communicate with consumers in the language chosen by each person. Thus the right to be attended can only be interpreted in this context as the right to receive a response in the official language used under the terms laid down by law.

1.1.2.5. Cooperation and external promotion

The 2006 SAC contains more systematic and complete regulation of the partnerships between the Generalitat and institutions in other Catalan-speaking territories and of the external promotion of the language than the 1979 SAC.

The current SAC involves an important change in perspective as there are two provisions concerning cooperation in language affairs in the preliminary title (art. 6.4 and 12) while title V, “Institutional relations of the Generalitat“, includes systematic regulation of the techniques that are applicable in this field.

Specifically, and with respect to communication and cooperation in language matters, article 6.4 lays down that:

“The Generalitat shall promote communication and cooperation with the other communities and territories that share a linguistic heritage with Catalonia. To this end, the Generalitat and the State may, as appropriate, sign agreements, treaties, and other collaboration instruments for the promotion and external dissemination of Catalan.”

With a similar wording to its predecessor, article 12 fosters relations with other Catalan- speaking territories:

1 Art. 32.1 of Act 1/1998: “Companies and establishments that sell products or provide services and whose business activities take place in Catalonia must be able to attend to users and consumers when they express themselves in either of the two official languages in Catalonia.”

9 I. The legal framework for language

“The Generalitat shall promote communication, cultural exchange and cooperation with any communities and territories, whether or not they belong to the Spanish State, which have historical, linguistic and cultural links with Catalonia. For this purpose, the Generalitat and the Spanish State, as appropriate, may sign agreements, treaties and other collaboration instruments in any field, which may include the creation of joint entities.”

The external promotion of the language is now also a statutory goal and is set out in a number of areas. For instance article 6.4 refers to the general goal of the “external dissemination” of Catalan. Article 6.3 includes a more specific prescription and empowerment when it states that:

“The Generalitat and the State shall undertake the necessary measures to obtain official status for Catalan within the and its presence and use in international organisations and in international treaties of cultural or linguistic content.”

1.1.3. The recognition of Catalan sign language

In accordance with article 50.6 of the SAC, “the public authorities shall guarantee the use of Catalan sign language and conditions of equality for deaf people who choose to use this language, which shall be the subject of education, protection and respect”. As noted above, the Catalan Sign Language Act has been passed this year.

See section 1.5.

1.2. The Language Policy Act

1.2.1. Public Administration and associated bodies

1.2.1.1. Regulation of use

In accordance with the 1979 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, the Language Normalisation Act 7/1983 of 1983, dated 18 April, established Catalan as the language of the Government of Catalonia and of the administration for the Catalan region, local administrations and other public bodies dependent on the Generalitat. Subsequently Decree 107/1987, dated 13 March, regulating the use of the official languages by the Government of Catalonia, further implemented that regulation.

The Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, built on previous legislation and established that the Generalitat, local government and other public bodies in Catalonia together with institutions and companies dependent on them and operators who have been awarded services contracts by them must use Catalan in their internal operations and in relations between each other, and must also normally use the language in communications and notices directed at persons resident in the area where Catalan is spoken.

It should also be remembered that article 9.3 of Act 1/1998 lays down that local corporations and universities must regulate the use of Catalan within the sphere of their authority by means of bringing in suitable regulations in line with the mandates and principles of this Act. Over and above the issue of whether these regulations are actually passed or not, local councils, county councils, provincial councils and Catalan universities habitually operate in Catalan and have been one of the strongest pillars of support in the task of language recovery over recent years.

In 2010 five sets of regulations for the use of Catalan have been approved: the Regulations for the Use of Catalan and Occitan at Provincial Council, Regulations for the Use of Catalan at Provincial Council, Regulations for the Use of Catalan at la County Council, Regulations for the Use of Catalan at City Council and Municipal Regulations for the Use of Catalan at Esponellà. The Butlletí Oficial de la Província de Girona (the official Girona province gazette) also published on 30 December 2010 the initial approval of the Regulations for the Use of Catalan at Sant Joan les Fonts Town Council.

10 I. The legal framework for language

Based on available information, below is a list of local corporations – town, county and provincial councils – which have a set of language use regulations in place.

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Lleida Segrià Alamús, els CNL Lleida Segrià Albatàrrec CNL Lleida Segrià Albi, l' CNL Lleida Alcanó CNL Lleida Segrià Alcarràs CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Lleida Segrià Alcover CNL Tarragona Aldea, l' CNL Terres de l'Ebre Aleixar, l' CNL -Mataró Maresme Alfarràs CNL Lleida Segrià Alfés CNL Lleida Segrià Alforja CNL Àrea de Miquel Ventura Baix Camp CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Lleida Segrià Alp CNL Montserrat CNL Osona CNL Lleida Segrià Alt Àneu CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà CC Alt Camp, l' CNL Tarragona Alt Camp CC Alt Empordà, l' CNL Girona Alt Empordà CC Alt Penedès, l' CNL Alt Penedès- Alt Penedès CC , l' CNL Lleida Alt Urgell CC Alta Ribagorça, l' CNL Lleida Alta Ribagorça CNL Tarragona Tarragonès Ametlla de Mar, l' CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre Ametlla del Vallès, l' CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Lleida Urgell CC , l' CNL Montserrat Anoia Arbúcies CNL Girona CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Argelaguer CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Arsèguel CNL Lleida Alt Urgell CNL Lleida Segrià Aspa CNL Lleida Segrià Avià CNL Montserrat Berguedà Avinyó CNL Montserrat Barcelonès Badia del Vallès CNL Vallès Occidental 3 Vallès Occidental CC Bages, el CNL Montserrat Bages

11 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CC Baix Camp, el CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp CC Baix Ebre, el CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre CC Baix Empordà, el CNL Girona Baix Empordà CC , el CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà CC Baix Penedès, el CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès CNL Montserrat Bages Banyoles CNL Girona Pla de l'Estany Barbens CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Barberà de la Conca CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Barberà del Vallès CNL Vallès Occidental 3 Vallès Occidental Barcelona Barcelonès Barcelona, Provincial Council Barcelonès Begur CNL Girona Baix Empordà CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Montserrat Cerdanya Benavent de Segrià CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Montserrat Berguedà CC Berguedà, el CNL Montserrat Berguedà Besalú CNL Girona Garrotxa Beuda CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Bisbal d'Empordà, la CNL Girona Baix Empordà Blancafort CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Blanes CNL Girona Selva Borges Blanques, les CNL Lleida Garrigues Borges del Camp, les CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp Bruc, el CNL Montserrat Anoia Brull, el CNL Osona Osona Cabanyes, les CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Cabra del Camp CNL Tarragona Alt Camp CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Calafell CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès CNL Montserrat Bages CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Caldes d'Estrac CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Osona Osona Callús CNL Montserrat Bages Camarles CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre Cambrils CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp Campdevànol CNL Girona Ripollès Campelles CNL Girona Ripollès Campins CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Cànoves i Samalús CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Cardona CNL Montserrat Bages Cassà de la Selva CNL Girona Gironès

12 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County de Mur CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CNL Lleida Solsonès CNL Montserrat Berguedà Castellar del Vallès CNL Vallès Occidental CNL Montserrat Bages CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Montserrat Bages Castellgalí CNL Montserrat Bages CNL Montserrat Bages Castelló d'Empúries CNL Girona Alt Empordà Castellolí CNL Montserrat Anoia Castellserà CNL Lleida Urgell Castellterçol CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Castellvell del Camp CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp Castellví de la Marca CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Catllar, el CNL Tarragona Tarragonès CNL Osona Osona CC Cerdanya, la CNL Montserrat Cerdanya Cerdanyola del Vallès CNL Vallès Occidental 3 Vallès Occidental CNL Lleida Cervià de les Garrigues CNL Lleida Garrigues CNL Lleida Solsonès CNL Osona Osona Colomers CNL Girona Baix Empordà Coma i la Pedra, la CNL Lleida Solsonès CC Conca de Barberà, la CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Conesa CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Constantí CNL Tarragona Tarragonès Corbera de CNL Ca n'Ametller Cornellà de Llobregat CNL Cornellà de Llobregat Baix Llobregat Cornellà del Terri CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf Cunit CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Garrigues CNL Osona Osona Espluga Calva, l' CNL Lleida Garrigues Espluga de Francolí, l' CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Barcelonès Esponellà Pla de l’Estany CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Estany, l’ CNL Montserrat Bages Esterri d’Àneu CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Esterri de Cardós CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà

13 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County Figaró-Montmany CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Figueres CNL Girona Alt Empordà Figuerola del Camp CNL Tarragona Alt Camp Flix CNL Terres de l’Ebre Ribera d’Ebre Fogars de Montclús CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Osona Osona CNL Lleida Pla d’Urgell Font-rubí CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Forallac CNL Girona Baix Empordà Forès CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Franqueses del Vallès, les CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Fuliola, La CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental CC Garraf, el CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf Garriga, la CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CC Garrigues, les CNL Lleida Garrigues CC Garrotxa, la CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Gimenells i el Pla de la Font CNL Lleida Segrià Girona Gironès Girona, Provincial Council Gironès CC Gironès, el CNL Girona Gironès Gombrèn CNL Girona Ripollès Granada, la CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Granja d'Escarp, la CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Guingueta d'Àneu, la CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà CNL Lleida Segarra CNL Lleida Solsonès CNL Osona Osona Hospitalet de Llobregat, l' CNL Montserrat Anoia Isona i Conca Dellà CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Ivars d'Urgell CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Garrigues CNL Lleida Garrigues CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà CNL Lleida Solsonès Llagosta, la CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Girona Ripollès Llançà CNL Girona Alt Empordà CNL Lleida Segrià Llavorsí CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Lleida CNL Lleida Segrià Lleida, Provincial Council CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Montserrat Cerdanya Lliçà d'Amunt CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Lliçà de Vall CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental

14 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Llinars del Vallès CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Lloar, el CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura CNL Lleida Solsonès Llorac CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Llorenç del Penedès CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès CNL Girona Selva Llosses, les CNL Girona Ripollès Lluçà CNL Osona Osona Maià de Montcal CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Lleida Segrià Maldà CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Malla CNL Osona Osona CNL Osona Osona CNL Montserrat Bages CC Maresme,el CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Masies de Roda, les CNL Osona Osona Masies de Voltregà, les CNL Osona Osona Masllorenç CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès Masnou, el CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Montserrat Anoia CNL Lleida Segrià Mataró CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Mieres CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre CNL Ca n'Ametller Baix Llobregat CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Mollet del Vallès CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Molsosa, la CNL Lleida Solsonès CNL Montserrat Bages CNL Montserrat Bages Montagut i Oix CNL Girona Garrotxa Montblanc CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CNL Vallès Occidental 3 Vallès Occidental Montellà i Martinet CNL Montserrat Cerdanya CNL Osona Osona CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Montmeló CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Lleida Segrià Montornès del Vallès CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Mont-ras CNL Girona Baix Empordà Mont-roig del Camp CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CC Montsià, el CNL Terres de l'Ebre Montsià Móra d'Ebre CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre CNL Osona Osona Mura CNL Montserrat Bages CNL Montserrat Bages

15 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County Navàs CNL Montserrat Bages Navès CNL Lleida Solsonès CC Noguera, la CNL Lleida Noguera Odèn CNL Lleida Solsonès Ogassa CNL Girona Ripollès Olèrdola CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Ca n'Ametller Baix Llobregat CNL Lleida Alt Urgell CNL Lleida Solsonès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf CNL Osona Osona Olot CNL Girona Garrotxa Organyà CNL Lleida Alt Urgell Orís CNL Osona Osona Oristà CNL Osona Osona Òrrius CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Osona CNL Osona Osona Ossó de Sió CNL Lleida Urgell Pacs del Penedès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Palafrugell CNL Girona Baix Empordà Palamós CNL Girona Baix Empordà Palau d'Anglesola, el CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Palau-solità i Plegamans CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental Pallaresos, els CNL Tarragona Tarragonès CC Pallars Jussà, el CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CC Pallars Sobirà, el CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Palma d'Ebre, la CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre Pardines CNL Girona Ripollès Parets del Vallès CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Parlavà CNL Girona Baix Empordà Passanant CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Paüls CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre Pera, la CNL Girona Baix Empordà CNL Osona Osona Perelló, el CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre Piles, les CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Pinell de Solsonès CNL Lleida Solsonès Pinós CNL Lleida Solsonès Pira CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CC Pla de l'Estany, el CNL Girona Pla de l'Estany Pla de Santa Maria, el CNL Tarragona Alt Camp CC Pla d'Urgell, el CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Planes d'Hostoles, les CNL Girona Garrotxa Poal, el CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Pobla de Segur, la CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Poboleda Polinyà CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental Pont de Molins

16 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Pla de l'Estany Portella, la CNL Lleida Segrià Prades CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp Pratdip Baix Camp Prats de Lluçanès CNL Osona Osona CNL Lleida Urgell Premià de Dalt CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Premià de Mar CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Preses, les CNL Girona Garrotxa CC Priorat, el CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Priorat Puigdàlber CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Puiggròs CNL Lleida Garrigues Puig-reig CNL Montserrat Berguedà Puigverd d'Agramunt CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Lleida Segrià Rasquera CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre Regencós CNL Girona Baix Empordà Reus CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Riba, la CNL Tarragona Alt Camp Riba-roja d'Ebre CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre CC Ribera d'Ebre, la CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre Ribera d'Urgellet CNL Lleida Alt Urgell Ribes de Freser CNL Girona Ripollès CNL Lleida Solsonès CNL Girona Ripollès CC Ripollès, el CNL Girona Ripollès Riudaura CNL Girona Garrotxa Riudecanyes CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp Riudoms CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp Roca del Vallès, la CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Rocafort de Queralt CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Roda de Barà CNL Tarragona Tarragonès CNL Osona Osona Roquetes CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre Roses CNL Girona Alt Empordà Rosselló CNL Lleida Segrià Rubí CNL -Rubí Vallès Occidental Rubió CNL Montserrat Anoia i Pruit CNL Osona Osona Sabadell CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental Salàs de Pallars CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CNL Montserrat Berguedà Sales de Llierca CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Montserrat Bages Salou CNL Tarragona Tarragonès Salt CNL Girona Gironès Sant Agustí de Lluçanès CNL Osona Osona Sant Andreu de Llavaneres CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Sant Aniol de Finestres CNL Girona Garrotxa

17 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Osona Osona CNL Eramprunyà Baix Llobregat Sant Boi de Lluçanès CNL Osona Osona Sant Cebrià de Vallalta CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Sant Cugat del Vallès CNL Vallès Occidental 3 Vallès Occidental CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Sant Esteve de Palautordera CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Sant Feliu de Guíxols CNL Girona Baix Empordà Baix Llobregat Sant Feliu de Pallerols CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Montserrat Bages Sant Ferriol CNL Girona Garrotxa Sant Fruitós de Bages CNL Montserrat Bages Sant Hipòlit de Voltregà CNL Osona Osona CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Montserrat Bages Sant Joan les Fonts CNL Girona Garrotxa Sant Julià de Ramis Gironès Sant Julià de Vilatorta CNL Osona Osona CNL Roses Baix Llobregat Sant Llorenç de Morunys CNL Lleida Solsonès Sant Llorenç d'Hortons CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Sant Llorenç Savall CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental Sant Martí d'Albars CNL Osona Osona Sant Martí de Centelles CNL Osona Osona Sant Martí de Riucorb CNL Lleida Urgell Sant Martí Sarroca CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Sant Martí Sesgueioles CNL Montserrat Anoia Sant Pau de Segúries CNL Girona Ripollès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf Sant Pere de Riudebitlles CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Sant Pere de Torelló CNL Osona Osona CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Sant Pere Pescador CNL Girona Alt Empordà CNL Montserrat Anoia CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Sant Quintí de CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Osona Osona Sant Quirze del Vallès CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Sant Sadurní d'Anoia CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Sant Sadurní d'Osormort CNL Osona Osona Sant Salvador de Guardiola CNL Montserrat Bages Sant Vicenç de Montalt CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Sant Vicenç de Torelló CNL Osona Osona Sant Vicenç dels Horts CNL Ca n'Ametller Baix Llobregat Santa Cecília de Voltregà CNL Osona Osona

18 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Santa Eugènia de Berga CNL Osona Osona Santa Eulàlia de Riuprimer CNL Osona Osona Santa Eulàlia de Ronçana CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Santa Fe del Penedès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Osona Osona Santa Maria de Corcó CNL Osona Osona Santa Maria de Martorelles CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Montserrat Anoia Santa Maria de Palautordera CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Santa Oliva CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès Santa Pau CNL Girona Garrotxa Santa Perpètua de Mogoda CNL Sabadell Vallès Occidental Santa Susanna CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Montserrat Bages Sarral CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CNL Lleida Segrià Savallà del Comtat CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CC Segarra, la CNL Lleida Segarra CC Segrià, el CNL Lleida Segrià CC Selva, la CNL Girona Selva Senan CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Seròs CNL Lleida Segrià Setcases CNL Girona Ripollès Seu d'Urgell, la CNL Lleida Alt Urgell Seva CNL Osona Osona CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf CNL Osona Osona Solivella CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Solsona CNL Lleida Solsonès CC Solsonès, el CNL Lleida Solsonès Sora CNL Osona Osona CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Sort CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Lleida Segrià Sunyer CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Montserrat Bages CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CNL Osona Osona Tarragona CNL Tarragona Tarragonès CC Tarragonès, el CNL Tarragona Tarragonès Tàrrega CNL Lleida Urgell Tarrés CNL Lleida Garrigues Tavèrnoles CNL Osona Osona CNL Osona Osona

19 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County Teià CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Terrassa CNL Terrassa-Rubí Vallès Occidental Tiana CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Tírvia CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Tona CNL Osona Osona CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Torelló CNL Osona Osona CNL Lleida Urgell Torre de Cabdella, la CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà Torre de l'Espanyol, la CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre CNL Lleida Segrià Torredembarra CNL Tarragona Tarragonès CNL Lleida Segrià CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell CNL Eramprunyà Baix Llobregat CNL Lleida Segrià Torroella de Fluvià CNL Girona Alt Empordà Torroella de Montgrí CNL Girona Baix Empordà Tortellà CNL Girona Garrotxa CNL Terres de l'Ebre Baix Ebre Tossa de Mar CNL Girona Selva CNL Lleida Pallars Jussà CNL Terrassa-Rubí Vallès Occidental CC Urgell, l' CNL Lleida Urgell Vallès Occidental Vall de Bianya, la CNL Girona Garrotxa Vall de Cardós CNL Lleida Pallars Sobirà Vall d'en Bas, la CNL Girona Garrotxa Vallclara Conca de Barberà CC Vallès Occidental, el Vallès Occidental CC Vallès Oriental, el CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Vallfogona de Riucorb CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental CNL Tarragona Alt Camp Vandellòs i l'Hosp. de l'Infant CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp CNL Montserrat Anoia Vendrell, el CNL Tarragona Baix Penedès Verdú CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Osona Osona Vidrà CNL Osona Osona CNL Girona Selva Vilabella CNL Tarragona Alt Camp CNL Osona Osona Vilafranca del Penedès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès CNL Lleida Urgell CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Vilallonga de Ter CNL Girona Ripollès CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell CNL Lleida Segrià Vilanova de Prades CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà

20 I. The legal framework for language

Local entity Language Normalisation Centre County CNL Osona Osona Vilanova de Segrià CNL Lleida Segrià Vilanova del Camí CNL Montserrat Anoia Vilanova del Vallès CNL Vallès Oriental Vallès Oriental Vilanova i la Geltrú CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Garraf Vila-sana CNL Lleida Pla d'Urgell Vila-seca CNL Tarragona Tarragonès CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme CNL Maresme-Mataró Maresme Vilaverd CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vilobí del Penedès CNL Alt Penedès-Garraf Alt Penedès Vilosell, el CNL Lleida Garrigues Vimbodí CNL Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vinebre CNL Terres de l'Ebre Ribera d'Ebre Vinyols i els Arcs CNL Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura Baix Camp

In the sphere of public procurement, with its Decision dated 30 November 2004 the Government of Catalonia agreed measures to foster the use of Catalan by means of public contracts, funding and loans and guarantees awarded by the Generalitat and entities which are part of it or linked to it. With this Agreement, the Government introduced the use of Catalan as a condition for the execution of public contracts in those cases where the services covered by the contract or its fulfilment are connected with the provisions of the Language Policy Act or are affected by it. The Decision also provided for the creation of the Monitoring Commission for Clauses on the Use of Catalan in Public Contracts, which was set up in 2005 and was the driving force behind Recommendation 2/2005, dated 5 May, designed to ensure compliance with the Decision. Last year, the Administrative Contracts Board passed Recommendation 1/2009, dated 30 July, which amends Recommendation 2/2005 to comply with the Public Sector Contracts Act 30/2007, dated 30 October. At present the Monitoring Commission, after having carried out its initial review of the public procurement activities of the various departments in the Government of Catalonia, is continuing to perform the monitoring and evaluation functions with which it has been tasked.

The adoption of Catalan as the habitual language in the public sector has thus had a direct impact on the spread of its social use. The progressive increase in the powers of the Generalitat and of all other Catalan administrations together with their growing influence on different aspects of the daily life of the public have given a major boost to the normalisation of knowledge and use of Catalan. In this respect it should be remembered that, even though Spanish will be used when people so request, Catalan is the normal working language of the administrations which offer public services, whether that be in education, health, culture, social care, the environment, transport, the police or in any other field.

1.2.1.2. The regulation of knowledge

Article 11 of Act 1/1998 lays down that all civil servants, public sector employees and other people working in public administrations must be able to use both official languages. The same article states that the Government must guarantee that Catalan is taught to all staff employed by the Catalan public administrations, including the Justice Administration, and must promote skills recycling measures. It also specifies that in the selection process for filling vacancies for staff in the Administration of the Generalitat, local administrations and university administrations and services, including ancillary staff, proof must be provided of knowledge of the Catalan language, both oral and written, to the appropriate level for the functions associated with the position in question and under the terms laid down in legislation for public services.

Decree 161/2002, dated 11 June, on the accreditation of knowledge of Catalan and Aranese in personnel selection procedures and the provision of work posts in the public administrations of Catalonia, specifies the level of knowledge of Catalan and Occitan spoken in Aran required for

21 I. The legal framework for language

each type of post in accordance with the qualifications groups laid down by public service legislation and applicable labour regulations, and it also systematizes accreditation.

Thus since this Decree was passed the basic means of providing proof of knowledge of Catalan in order to be considered for a position with the Catalan administrations have been compulsory secondary education (ESO) or baccalaureate certificates issued in Catalonia, which the Decree equates to proficiency, or level C, in Catalan. However, accreditation can also be provided by means of certificates issued by the Language Policy Secretariat (SPL) or equivalent qualifications, such as those from the Catalan Public Administration School (EAPC), the Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL) and university language services. Applicants for public sector jobs who do not possess any of these qualifications will have the opportunity to take a specific Catalan test as part of the selection process.

Order VCP/13/2007, dated 24 January, to amend Order PRE/228/2004, dated 21 June, on the qualifications, diplomas and certificates equivalent to the certificates of knowledge of Catalan issued by the Language Policy Secretariat, updates the latter Order in the sense that it establishes a new equivalence with the intermediate Catalan certificate for students who successfully complete compulsory secondary education (ESO) in , while it also removes two equivalencies with the advanced Catalan certificate in the shape of the certificate for checking oral and written texts issued by the Language Policy Secretariat and the postgraduate Catalan text correcting diploma from the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Subsequently it was again updated by means of Order VCP/17/2008, dated 14 January, as a second amendment of Order PRE/228/2004, dated 21 June, on the qualifications, diplomas and certificates equivalent to the certificates of knowledge of Catalan issued by the Language Policy Secretariat, as amended by Order VCP/13/2007, dated 24 January. Among other things, the amendments concern equivalence with certificates issued by the Public Administration School of Catalonia, the Centre for Legal Studies and Specialised Training and qualifications from non- university regulated education.

In 2009 the foregoing provisions were recast in Order VCP/491/2009, dated 12 November, which adapted and updated the qualifications, diplomas and certificates equivalent to the certificates of knowledge of Catalan issued by the Language Policy Secretariat. This Order contains the equivalencies resulting from the new regulation and organisation of special system language teaching and the correspondence established between education levels and certificates with the levels in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It also includes Catalan language certificates issued by the University of Vic, Abat Oliba University, University and the International University of Catalonia, as well as a certificate from the University of Lleida. Finally, this year the aforementioned adaptation has been amended in Order VCP/233/2010, dated 12 April, in order to include new equivalencies with the qualifications issued by the official schools of languages along with changes in the equivalencies with the certificates issued by Valencian universities and the Knowledge of Valencian Assessment Board.

As for personnel covered by special statutes, article 19.1.a in the Catalan Health Institute Act 8/2007, dated 30 July, states that personnel covered by special statutes in the health services who wish to have the same status in the Institute will be required to have sufficient knowledge of Catalan and Spanish.

As for local government, Legislative Decree 2/2003, dated 28 April, was passed in 2003. This is a reworking of the Municipal and Local Government Act of Catalonia and includes the provisions of Act 1/1998 referred to above. This means that Catalan local government legislation compels local councils in their personnel selection procedures to require proof of both oral and written knowledge of Catalan and (in the case of local entities in the Val d'Aran) of Aranese to the level required for the duties to be performed in the post in question (article 287.2).

Decree 195/2008, dated 7 October, which regulates aspects of the legal system applicable to Spanish State civil servants employed by local authorities in Catalonia, implements skills

22 I. The legal framework for language

provided for in article 136 of the Statute and regulates knowledge of Catalan in its articles 15.2.j, 22.2, 26.1.f and 35.c.

1.2.1.3. The use of Catalan in the field of justice

Despite the constitutional recognition of the official status of Catalan in Catalonia, in that the Statute declares it to be the own language of Catalonia, the practical possibility of dealing with the State Administration in Catalan, and thus with the Justice Administration, has been a long road strewn with obstacles.

The Judicial Authority Organic Act 6/1985, dated 1 July, laid down for the first time regulations on the usage of official languages in each region in all judicial processes (article 231). However, this right was limited by the judges' discretionary power to ensure that it did not remove anyone's right of defence, which has led to an unequal and subjective application.

The Language Policy Act lays down formally and without limitations the right of citizens to deal normally with the State Administration in whichever language they choose, without being discriminated against, obliged to present a translation, or suffer any delay in the event they have chosen the Catalan language.

This Catalan regulation is reflected in the philosophy of the European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages, which was signed in Strasbourg on 5 November 1992 and ratified by in 2001 and therefore since then has been fully applicable and enforceable. The Charter recognises in articles 9 and 10 the rights of citizens to choose the official language in which proceedings are held before bodies of the general State Administration and Justice Administration bodies located in Catalonia. Thus, article 2.2 of the Language Policy Act 1/1998 specifies that Catalan, as the own language of Catalonia, should preferably be used by the State Administration in Catalonia. Likewise, article 3 of the same Act states that, given the dual official status of Catalan and Spanish, both may be used interchangeably by citizens in all public and private activities without discrimination. In addition, and more specifically, this article makes explicit reference to the full validity and efficacy of acts of law produced in either of the two official languages.

The normalisation of Catalan in dealings with the Justice Administration requires that the personnel working in this field should have adequate and sufficient knowledge of the language. It is for this reason that the Generalitat of Catalonia has endeavoured to ensure that Justice Administration staff working in Catalonia provide proof of a sufficient level of knowledge of Catalan in order to enable the effective and free exercise of the language rights of the public.

Article 13.5 of the Language Policy Act rules to this end that when filling staff vacancies in Justice Administration services dependent upon the Generalitat, the same language skills regulations as those which are used for all staff working for the Administration of the Generalitat and in Catalan local administrations should in general be applied. However, the Spanish Government has traditionally called into question the imposition of this requirement on State civil servants and other public employees working in the Justice Administration, and the courts themselves have handed down rulings which have blocked this requirement from being applied in selection and transfer procedures for national civil servants.

The amendment of the Judicial Authority Organic Act 6/1985, dated 1 July, by Organic Act 19/2003, dated 23 December, involves recognition of the regulation implemented by article 13 of the Language Policy Act referred to above, inasmuch as it sets out the need to regulate the requirement of knowledge of Catalan for staff working for the Justice Administration in filling vacancies and, by extension, in personnel selection procedures in cases where these are the responsibility of the Generalitat (article 521.3.b).

Furthermore, this regulation of judicial authority went one step further, in that in addition to the provision that spoken and written knowledge of Catalan shall under all circumstances be considered a merit that may be taken into account, it also stated the possibility that such knowledge may be considered an absolute requirement for access to jobs in regions with their own official language. Specifically, article 530 rules that "for certain posts [spoken and written

23 I. The legal framework for language

knowledge of Catalan] may be deemed to be an essential requirement when the said requirement is derived from the nature of the duties to be performed and is established in this manner in the lists of posts”.

Until now, knowledge of Catalan has simply been an advantageous factor to be considered when making appointments within the judicial sector in Catalonia, in accordance with the Agreement of the General Council of the Judicial Authority, dated 25 February 1998, and as such has been taken into account in the selection processes for judges and magistrates to serve in Catalonia in 2007 (level B certificate).

As for public prosecution services, Act 24/2007, dated 9 October and which amends Act 50/1981, dated 30 December, which in turn regulates the organic statute of the Ministry of Public Prosecutions, brings in two innovations in the field of language: firstly, article 36.6 provides, by means of the subsequent implementation of regulations, for the demonstration of knowledge of official languages other than Spanish to be considered as a merit, while secondly article 37.7 classifies as a misdemeanour inattention or discourtesy to citizens, institutions, judges and magistrates in response to a request to act in a jointly official language, if adequate and sufficient knowledge of it has been demonstrated as a merit.

1.2.1.4. Registries and notaries

As of 29 January 1998, when the Language Policy Act came into force, entries in the property and business registries of Catalonia can be made in Catalan or in Spanish, depending on the language in which the document giving rise to the inscription is written. This is in accordance with article 17 of the Act which, for the first time, opened up state registries to the language of Catalonia. It is worth highlighting, on this point, the excellent attitude of property and business registrars in Catalonia in adapting their offices to the new requirements arising from the application of Catalan legislation.

Mention should also be made of Royal Decree 45/2007, dated 19 January, which amends the Notary Organisation and System Regulations approved by a Decree dated 2 June 1944. The amendment affects the language system applicable to notaries, especially in articles 149 and 150. According to the new rules, notarial instruments and all other documents authorised by notaries must be written in the official language of the place where they are produced as agreed by the parties, and in the case of dispute in the official languages of the territory. However, this modification has not taken into account article 33.3 of the 2006 Statute with respect to the requirement for notaries to demonstrate adequate and sufficient knowledge of the official languages.

1.2.1.5. Onomastics

Place names

Since 1983, with the first Language Policy Act, Catalan has been established as the official form for place names, with the exception of the Val d'Aran, where Aranese is used. This principle is maintained in the current legal regulations laid down in article 18 of the Language Policy Act. In this respect mention should be made of the publication of Decree 139/2007, dated 26 June, which regulates the names, symbols and registration of local bodies in Catalonia as it lays down the official name of towns and villages, counties, decentralised municipal entities and population centres and entities, while at the same time it specifies the procedure for changing and rectifying these names.

The Catalan version of place names is the official form for interurban road signs, in accordance with the Language Policy Act and Legislative Decree 2/2009, dated 25 August, which enacts the amended text of the Highways Act. As far as non-Catalan place names are concerned (extra- territorial place names), these are given in Catalan when there is a traditional form. Catalan is also given prominence on information signs, whilst following international regulations.

The Diari Oficial de la (the Official Gazette of the Catalan Government) no. 5355, dated 7 April, published Decision GOV/55/2009, dated 24 March, which

24 I. The legal framework for language

approved the place name corpus in the Nomenclàtor oficial de toponímia major de Catalunya (Official Nomenclature of Principal Place Names of Catalonia). The place name corpus in the Nomenclàtor oficial de toponímia major de Catalunya given in an annex to the Decision replaces the one in the annex to the Government Decision dated 22 July 2003. This Decision can be viewed on the Place Name Commission’s website at http://www.gencat.cat/toponimia.

The linguistic accuracy of first names and surnames

The formalisation in the Civil Register of hispanicised and incorrect forms of Catalan first names and surnames over the course of the last century has been widespread. Article 19 of the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, and its implementation in Decree 208/1998, of 30 July, which regulates the accreditation of the correct linguistic form of surnames, lays down a simple legal process available to all those who wish to enter their surname in the Register with the correct spelling. Decree 208/1998 has now been amended by Decree 138/2007, dated 26 June, so that the function of issuing certificates of linguistic accuracy for names and surnames in Catalan is now exclusively the responsibility of the Institut d’Estudis (Institute for Catalan Studies), a responsibility which it previously shared with the Language Policy Secretariat.

State legislation has been adapted to Catalan legislation, allowing the same criteria to be applied to other regions where Catalan is spoken. Thus, State Act 40/1999, of 5 November, on first names and surnames and their ordering, includes the provisions of the Language Policy Act concerning the substitution of first names and the regularisation of surnames to their received standard form.

Meanwhile, Royal Decree 193/2000, dated 11 February, which modified certain articles of the Civil Register Regulations concerning first names and surnames and their ordering, specifically lays down that "in the substitution of the first name by its equivalent linguistic form in any of the , the appropriate accreditation must be provided that this form is correct and equivalent, if not widely known", with the same regulation also applying to surnames. Thus, this Civil Register regulation allows for the adaptation of surnames to their standard form, even without a certificate being presented, provided the standard form is widely known, which in practice is generally taken to be the case when other people have accredited the same surname at the same Register.

Furthermore, State Act 3/2007, dated 15 March, which regulates rectification in registries relating to gender, sets out in its second final provision an amendment to article 54 of the Civil Registry Act, which regulates people’s names. As a result of this amendment, the ban on giving children diminutive names or family and colloquial variants which have not achieved full status has been lifted, and this should enable the registration of Catalan names which hitherto had been rejected.

Likewise Order JUS/1468/2007, dated 17 May, to foster the computerisation of civil registries and the digitalisation of their archives, provides for the approval of a computer application which is designed to enable the implementation of the provision made in article 23 of the Civil Registry Act to be able to write registry entries in Catalan and in the rest of official languages other than Spanish. The effectiveness of this measure is made subject in the second additional provision to the official translation of the relevant forms.

Reference should also be made to the Directive dated 28 May 2008 issued by the General Directorate of Registries and Notaries concerning the operation and organisation of executive civil registries run by magistrates’ courts and their computerisation. As specified in point 1a.3, this computerisation is designed to enable compliance with article 23 of the Civil Registry Act which will mean that registry entries can be written in Catalan or in another official language.

25 I. The legal framework for language

1.2.2. Education

1.2.2.1. Compulsory education

The 1983 Language Policy Act gave a major boost to the introduction of teaching in Catalan into schools, which was consolidated by the 1990 Education System General Organic Act 1/1990, dated 3 October. Today articles 20 and 21 of the Language Policy Act consolidate the system of language conjunction by which students may not be separated into different schools or groups due to their habitual language. Catalan is the vehicular and teaching language in non-university education and the teaching of Catalan and Spanish has a guaranteed adequate presence in syllabuses so that all children, regardless of their habitual language at the start of their schooling, will be fluent in both at the end of compulsory education.

In compliance with these provisions, schools in Catalonia normally use Catalan as the teaching language. This Act was furthered in 2007 with the publication of Decree 142/2007, dated 26 June, which lays down the principles of teaching in primary schools, and Decree 143/2007, dated 26 June, which lays down the principles of teaching in compulsory secondary education. Articles 3, 4, 5 and 6 of Decree 142/2007 regulate the goals of primary education, Catalan as the core of the educational project, language immersion and Occitan in the Val d’Aran. Articles 3, 4 and 5 of Decree 143/2007 regulate the goals of compulsory secondary education, Catalan as the core of a multilingual educational project and Occitan in the Val d’Aran. Subsequently, Decree 161/2009, dated 27 October, regulates teaching in compulsory secondary education for adults. The Decree establishes the normal use of Catalan as the vehicular language in teaching and learning and in internal and external activities. It also provides for the implementation of a language plan in each school. The educational project is regulated under Decree 102/2010 dated 3 August, on the independence of schools. Finally, Decree 101/2010, dated 3 August, regulating teaching in the first cycle of infant education, also develops the language provisions in the Statute of Autonomy, the Education Act and the Language Policy Act for this stage of education which goes from 0 to 3 years of age.

Meanwhile, according to the provisions of article 24 of the Language Policy Act, teachers must know the two official languages and be able to teach in them.

1.2.2.2. University education

The Generalitat of Catalonia’s department which has powers over university education promotes language policies designed to ensure the presence of Catalan in the university sector and to drive its use among lecturers and students at universities in Catalonia. The Language Policy Office, in the Commission for Universities and Research, puts forward and coordinates actions to drive Catalan in the university community and monitors them, while it also promotes and maps out partnership and cooperation programmes with the universities in this area.

At the State level Organic Act 4/2007, dated 12 April, which amends the Universities Organic Act 6/2001, dated 21 December, has been published. With this amendment the following paragraph is added to article 6.2: “The public authorities and the universities, by means of their statutes, must set up mechanisms by which adequate knowledge of the two official languages is fostered during integration processes for the members of the university community.”

As for the language use regulations in universities provided for in article 9.3 of the Language Policy Act, the majority of universities, including the University of Barcelona, Rovira i Virgili University and Pompeu Fabra University, have them in place.

On 11 June 2008 the Board of the Catalan Interuniversity Council agreed to make providing evidence of adequate knowledge of Catalan into a requirement for teaching staff at all universities that form part of the university system in Catalonia. The level of knowledge that is required and which must be demonstrated in teaching staff recruitment procedures is equivalent to proficiency. Visiting professors, emeritus professors and unpaid lecturers are exempt from this requirement.

26 I. The legal framework for language

Subsequently the Government approved Decree 128/2010, dated 14 September, on the accreditation of the language knowledge of teachers in the university system of Catalonia, which regulates the mechanisms and forms for demonstrating knowledge of Catalan in the aforementioned teaching staff recruitment procedures.

1.2.3. Media and cultural industries

1.2.3.1. The broadcast media

The Language Policy Act regulates the presence of Catalan in public radio and television media outlets:

“Article 25 ”Public radio and television media outlets ”1. In the radio and television media run by the Generalitat and local corporations in Catalonia the language normally used must be Catalan. Within this framework, the media run by local corporations may take into account the characteristics of their audience. ”2. Without prejudice to the application of the provisions of sections 1 and 5 of article 26, the media referred to in section 1 of this article must promote the cultural expression of Catalonia, in particular instances which are in the Catalan language. ”3. The Catalan Radio and Television Corporation must guarantee regular radio and TV broadcasts in Aranese for the Val d’Aran. ”4. The Government of Catalonia must facilitate proper reception in Catalonia of TV stations in other territories which broadcast in Catalan.”

The presence of Catalan in radio and TV media outlets run under operating licences is also regulated by the Language Policy Act, which lays down quotas for the presence of Catalan language and culture in their schedules in the following way:

“Article 26 ”Radio and TV media outlets run under operating licences ”1. Without prejudice to the application of the Cable Broadcasting Regulation Act 8/1996, dated 5 July, the organisations referred to in the aforementioned Act must guarantee that at least fifty percent of broadcasting time for programmes produced in-house of any kind and of other television services which are offered are in Catalan. ”2. The provisions of section 1 are also applicable to the licensed operators of privately-run TV stations that provide Catalonia-wide broadcasts. ”3. Radio broadcasters with a licence awarded by the Generalitat must guarantee that at least fifty percent of their broadcasting time will be in Catalan, even though the Government of Catalonia may, in the light of the characteristics of their audience, alter this percentage figure by regulation. ”4. The Government of Catalonia must include the use of Catalan in percentages that are higher than the minimums laid down as one of the criteria in the award of licences for terrestrial television broadcasting, cable television services and radio stations. ”5. Radio and television stations must guarantee that there is an adequate presence of songs produced by Catalan artists in their sung music broadcasts, and that at least twenty-five percent thereof shall be songs that are sung in the Catalan or Aranese languages. ”6. The stations referred to in this article which broadcast or distribute in the Val d’Aran must guarantee a significant presence for Aranese in their programming.”

Furthermore, the coming into force of the Audiovisual Communication in Catalonia Act 22/2005, dated 29 December, means that the Catalan Audiovisual Council has taken on new powers with respect to the normalisation and fostering of the Catalan language and culture and the Occitan spoken in the Val d’Aran in the broadcasting media in terms of the possibility of establishing specific adjustments in language matters, and a system of offences and penalties in the event of breach of obligations concerning language issues and music sung in Catalan and in Aranese has been set up.

27 I. The legal framework for language

1.2.3.2. The Catalan Broadcasting Corporation

The Catalan Broadcasting Corporation Act 11/2007, dated 11 October, which repealed Act 10/1983, dated 30 May, which had set up the public Catalan Radio and Television Corporation and had regulated the Government of Catalonia’s radio and television broadcasting services, lays down in its article 2 that one of the functions of the Corporation is to spread and promote the Catalan language, while article 22.3 states that the institutional language for providing public audiovisual communication services by the Catalan Broadcasting Corporation is Catalan.

Televisió de Catalunya

Article 25 of the Language Policy Act and the Catalan Broadcasting Corporation Act state that Catalan is the language normally used in the media outlets run by the Government of Catalonia or by local corporations in Catalonia. This provision and the fact that Catalan institutional television has right from the very beginning opted for general interest and competitive scheduling have had a crucial impact on the recovery of the Catalan language, both in terms of the acquisition of knowledge on the part of the general public and also with respect to its presence and social prestige.

This year Resolution CMC/4060/2010, dated 15 December, has been published, which publicises the Cooperation Agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Government of Aragon for the dissemination of broadcasting by publicly owned television channels in their respective territories.

Catalunya Ràdio

Radio is one of the media which has the greatest impact on daily life in terms of keeping a language living and dynamic.

The 1998 Language Policy Act (like the 1983 Language Normalisation Act) sets out measures for the normalisation and promotion of the use of Catalan on radio and television. Specifically it states that Catalan is the language of institutional media outlets and that it must be the first choice language used by companies and organisations which offer services to the public:

 Public stations operated by Catalan institutions must normally use Catalan even though within this framework the media run by local corporations may take into account the characteristics of their audience (art. 25).

 Private radio stations which have an operating licence awarded by the Generalitat (those broadcasting on FM) must guarantee that at least fifty percent of their broadcasting time is in Catalan, and the Government must include the use of Catalan in percentages that are higher than the minimums laid down as one of the criteria in the award of licences (art. 26).

1.2.3.3. Local TV stations

The presence of Catalan on local TV stations is governed by the Language Policy Act. This Act lays down how Catalan is to be used in the programme schedules of local TV stations whether the latter be municipal or private.

Article 25 of the Act states that the language that is normally to be used by stations controlled by the Generalitat of Catalonia or by local corporations must be Catalan, and it also mentions the duty of the Catalan Radio and Television Corporation to ensure the use of Aranese on a regular basis in part of the schedule of TV programmes that are broadcast in the Val d’Aran. In addition, article 26 regulates the use of Catalan by private broadcasters; they must guarantee that at least 50% of their in-house production will be in Catalan.

28 I. The legal framework for language

1.2.3.4. The Catalan Audiovisual Council

Pursuant to the provisions of the Catalan Audiovisual Council Act 2/2000, dated 4 May, the Audiovisual Communication in Catalonia Act 22/2005, dated 29 December, and, most recently, the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, passed by Organic Act 6/2006, dated 19 July, the Catalan Audiovisual Council is the independent regulatory authority for all forms of public and private audiovisual communication in Catalonia. The scope of its authority is laid down in article 2 of the Audiovisual Communication in Catalonia Act 22/2005.

One of the goals of the Language Policy Act is to normalise and promote the use of Catalan in the media by determining language use for public and privately-run licensed radio and television media outlets and for the cultural industry. The Act states that Catalan is the language of the institutional media, and it must be the first choice language used by companies and organisations which offer services to the public.

Specifically it regulates, in its articles 25 and 26, duties with respect to normalisation and fostering the use of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese.

As further development of the duties of radio and television broadcasters with respect to the normalisation and protection of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese as basic principles of programming schedules in the broadcast media, and in the exercise of its powers, the Catalan Audiovisual Council passed Decision 118/2004, dated 17 November, which contains its General Directive on the presence of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese in the audiovisual media (DOGC no. 4281, dated 16 December).

This Directive lays down the criteria and technical instruments that will enable the Catalan Audiovisual Council to monitor compliance with their language obligations on the part of public and private radio and television broadcasting providers. It was first applied in 2005 and has since then been repealed and replaced by Decision 295/2007, dated 19 December, which approved the Catalan Audiovisual Council’s General Directive on the presence of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese in the audiovisual media.

More information about the Catalan Audiovisual Council can be found in section 2.7 in chapter II.

1.2.3.5. Information and communication technologies

Due to the importance of information and communication technologies for the future of the language, article 29 of the Language Policy Act lays down that the Catalan Government must put in place suitable measures to foster, drive and promote:

 Research, production and marketing of all types of products in Catalan connected with the language industries, such as speech recognition systems, machine translators and so on.

 The production, distribution and marketing of software in Catalan and the translation if necessary of such products into Catalan.

 The presence of products and information in Catalan on telematic information networks.

1.2.3.6. The cultural sphere

In 2008 the National Council of Culture and the Arts Act 6/2008, dated 13 May, was passed. Its preamble states that in areas where language gives shape to cultural expression, the Council must take special care with respect to culture that is expressed in Catalan and must seek to ensure preferential relations with cultural actors in other Catalan-speaking territories. Article 4 refers to the same question.

In terms of public performances, Decree 112/2010, dated 31 August, has been passed to enact the Public Entertainment and Recreational Activities Regulations. These Regulations include

29 I. The legal framework for language

language provisions, such as for instance the requirement that people wishing to qualify as access control staff must have the necessary language skills in the official languages and also the use of Catalan in the standard notices or signs regulated by the Decree.

1.2.4. The socioeconomic sphere

The socioeconomic field is the one with the greatest impact on the rhythms of contemporary societies.

The Language Policy Act set out some general regulations for the use of Catalan in economic affairs. This meant that the world of work and business became crucial in the process of recovering the Catalan language.

The regulations for the use of Catalan in the socioeconomic sector provided for by the Language Policy Act are set out in article 15 and chapter five of the Act (art. 30 to 36):

 Article 15 regulates civil and commercial documents and states that the parties must agree on the language used to write them. In the case of standard form contracts or similar, they must be immediately available to customers in Catalan and Spanish in the form of separate copies.

 Articles 30 to 33 cover the socioeconomic activities of companies whether public or private, and lay down a series of duties depending on the type of company with respect to signage, labelling, invoices and customer care.

 Article 34 specifically regulates labelling and states for which products it must be at least in Catalan.

 Finally, articles 35 and 36 cover advertising and professional and employment activities respectively.

In 2008 the Pompeu Fabra Awards were set up (Order VCP/460/2008, dated 28 October), in order to recognise and reward people, entities, companies and organisations that have helped to drive the use of Catalan in a range of areas. Specifically, five awards have been created: for communication and new technology, in the socioeconomic field, for the protection and dissemination of the Catalan language, for professional, scientific or civic careers, and for joining the Catalan linguistic community. The awards have been presented in 2010 for the third time. More information is available in section 8.1.1 in chapter IV.

1.2.5. External promotion

Significant events in 2008 included the passing of Resolution VCP/2951/2008, dated 30 September, which orders the publication of the partnership agreement between the Generalitat of Catalonia and the Autonomous Community of the to put into effect an amendment to the Ramon Llull Institute’s byelaws, the consequent inclusion of the Autonomous Community of the Balearic Islands in this Institute and its acceptance of the new byelaws. The agreement is permanent and under article 4.4, the Ramon Llull Institute will maintain cooperation and collaboration relations with the Ramon Llull Foundation which is headquartered in the Principality of . Furthermore, article 1.3 states that other Catalan-speaking territories may also join the Institute.

In addition, mention should also be made of the publication in March 2008 of the Instrument for Spain’s ratification of Protocol number 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (number 177 of the Council of ), enacted in Rome on 4 November 2000. In a general clause, article 1.1 of the Protocol reiterates protection against discrimination on grounds of race, colour, language, religion or ethnic or national origin as already stated in article 14 of the Convention.

30 I. The legal framework for language

Finally, Organic Act 1/2008, dated 30 July, was passed which authorises Spain’s ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon which in turn amends the European Union Treaty and the constituent Treaty of the European Community and was signed in the Portuguese capital on 13 December 2007. The Spanish Instrument of ratification for the Treaty was subsequently published on 27 November 2009 in the Boletín Oficial del Estado (Official State Gazette). Article 2 of this Organic Act reproduces the text of the European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights which must be taken into consideration when interpreting regulations concerning fundamental rights and freedoms. Articles 21.1, 22 and 41.4 of this Charter contain references to language.

After more than twenty years’ membership of the European Union (EU), and in spite of the various initiatives and proposals put forward by Catalonia to ensure that Catalan is officially recognised by European institutions, Catalan, like Basque and Galician, has not until recently had any official recognition in European institutions.

Hence on 30 September 2004 the passed a Resolution which urged the Government of Catalonia to promote the declaration of Catalan and the other languages in the Spanish State as official languages in the European Union.

In compliance with this mandate, the Government of Catalonia submitted a proposal to the Spanish Government for wide-ranging reform of Regulation 1/1958 of the European Union Council (language regulation), so that Catalan would have the same rights as the other official languages in the European Union.

The Spanish Government did not fully accept the proposal from the Generalitat of Catalonia, even though it did submit a memorandum requesting recognition in the European Union for all the official languages of Spain to the other member states at the EU Council of Ministers on 13 December 2005.

The Spanish Government’s proposal in summary consisted of the possibility that the institutions of the European Union should grant official, albeit limited, recognition to the languages other than Spanish that have a constitutionally recognised official status in a territory in Spain. To achieve this goal the Spanish Government requested an amendment of the aforementioned Regulation 1/1958.

After negotiations between the twenty-five member states, on 13 June 2005 the European Union’s Council of Ministers passed a set of Conclusions which included the possibility of limited official use in EU institutions and bodies of languages other than those that are official and working languages in European institutions. According to the Conclusions of the Council, the Spanish Government, and indeed any other member State that so wishes, may request the conclusion of administrative agreements with the various institutions and bodies of the European Union.

In each of the administrative agreements signed so far, the practical conditions for the use of languages other than Spanish in each institution and body are laid down. Generally speaking what the various agreements provide for is the possibility of using Catalan, Galician and Basque in the following cases:

 Speaking in EU institutions and bodies. In plenary sessions by participants in the Council of Ministers, and by members and substitutes on the Committee of the Regions.

 Written communications from private individuals and companies to EU institutions and bodies. These are made via an intermediary body appointed by the Spanish State. It is this body which is tasked with translating the written text into Spanish and then sending it to the relevant institution. This institution will then write its reply in Spanish and send this reply to the intermediary body for it to be translated into Catalan and sent to the original correspondent. There may be exceptions if the EU institution wishes, and has the ability, to reply directly to the original correspondent.

31 I. The legal framework for language

 Resolutions and laws adopted by the co-decision procedure will be published, that is to say, the ones which have to be adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. These translations will have no legal force and nor will they be published in the Official Journal of the European Union; they will only be available on the Council’s website. Interested parties may ask for a copy of them.

On 27 April 2009 the administrative agreement was signed between the Spanish Government and the Court of Justice of the European Communities, which is an addition to those previously signed with the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the Committee of Regions, the Economic and Social Committee and the European Ombudsman.

Finally, it should be noted that under the terms of the various agreements, the Spanish Government is to pay for any direct and indirect costs entailed by the application of these provisions by EU institutions and bodies.

1.3. Education Act

The Education Act 12/2009, dated 10 July, develops the language system set out in the Statute, where article 143.1 states that the Government of Catalonia has exclusive power over the matter of Catalonia's own language, and hence can determine the languages used in the educational system in order to ensure the linguistic normalisation of Catalan. Thus in accordance with article 35.2 of the Statute which regulates the Catalan educational system, the Government of Catalonia ensures that the entire school population, whatever their usual language at the start of their education, comply with the duty and the right to have sufficient oral and written knowledge of Catalan and Spanish. The Act also seeks to reinforce the importance of Catalan and learning it as the own language of Catalonia and as a factor for social inclusion, and includes a commitment to promoting multilingualism in schools by ensuring at the very least sufficient knowledge of a third language, in accordance with the provisions of article 44.2 of the Statute.

Title II of the Act deals with language use in the Catalan educational system in the following way:

The system of languages (article 9)

Article 53 tasks the Catalan Government with determining the language teaching syllabus, including objectives, content, assessment criteria and regulating timetable hours.

The right and duty to know the official languages (article 10)

Syllabuses must ensure complete mastery of Catalan and Spanish as official languages at the end of compulsory education, based on the Common European Framework of Reference for the learning, teaching and assessment of languages. Students who join the educational system without knowing one of the two official languages are entitled to receive specific language support. Schools must provide newcomer students with a personalised reception procedure and, in particular, language services so that they can start learning Catalan. The syllabuses approved by the Government for vocational training courses and specialist educational programmes, except language teaching, must ensure that students acquire instrumental language proficiency that is appropriate for the teaching and professional fields. In order to ensure that the nonschool population is also able to exercise the right and fulfil the duty to speak Catalan, and in accordance with the provisions of article 6.2 of the Statute, the Catalan Government must also ensure a sufficient supply of opportunities for learning Catalan.

Catalan: the vehicular language and language of learning (article 11)

Catalan, as Catalonia's own language, is the language normally used as a vehicular language and the language of learning in the education system. Educational activities, both oral and written, teaching materials, textbooks and assessment activities for the areas, subjects and modules in the syllabus should normally be in Catalan, save in the case of

32 I. The legal framework for language

and literature and foreign languages. Students cannot be separated into separate schools or classes due to their habitual language. In the school year in which students begin their initial education, the parents or guardians of students whose usual language is Spanish may request on enrolment that, in accordance with the procedure established by the Department, their children should be given individualised language attention in that language.

Foreign languages (article 12)

Syllabuses approved by the Government must include teaching at least one foreign language. The language plan decides, in accordance with the requirements of the Department, which foreign language is taught as the first foreign language and which one, or ones, as the second. The language plan can set out the criteria for teaching syllabus content and doing other educational activities in a foreign language.

Language proficiency of teachers, educational care professionals and administrative and services staff (article 13)

Teachers at all schools must have the qualifications required and must demonstrate mastery of both official languages so that they can use them appropriately both orally and in writing when teaching. Teachers should normally use Catalan in teaching and learning activities and in the school in general. The Department must put in place the measures required to upgrade the language proficiency of teachers. Educational care professionals and administrative and services staff at schools must have sufficient knowledge of Catalan and Spanish so that they are able to make appropriate use of the two languages in the course of their duties. The Department must establish mechanisms and conditions to ensure non-teaching staff in the educational administration attain understanding and mastery of Catalan and Spanish.

Language plan (article 14)

State schools and private schools that receive public funds must draw up, as part of their education plans, a language plan that sets out how languages are to be dealt with at the school. The language plan should cover issues concerning the teaching and use of languages in the school, including at least the following: a) The use of Catalan as a vehicular language and language of learning. b) The process of teaching and learning Spanish. c) The various options with regard to foreign languages. d) The general criteria for the global and individualised adaptation of language teaching to the sociolinguistic reality of the school. e) Educational continuity and consistency with respect to language use, school services and activities organised by parents’ associations.

Language immersion programmes (article 15)

In order to maintain the Catalan language’s position as a benchmark language and a factor for social cohesion, the Department must implement educational strategies for language immersion that ensure its intensive use as the vehicular language of teaching and learning. Schools must adapt their timetables to the features of language immersion programmes.

Catalan as the official language of the educational administration in Catalonia (article 16)

Catalan is the own language of Catalonia and hence also of the educational administration. The educational administration and schools should normally use Catalan both internally and in relations with each other, with government in Catalonia and in the rest of the Catalan linguistic domain and with public organisations reporting to it. Catalan must also be the normal language of use in the provision of services contracted by the Department. Internal administrative actions at schools must normally be carried out in Catalan and schools must issue academic documents in Catalan, without prejudice to the provisions of the Language Policy Act. Academic documentation to be used with the State Public Administration or in an autonomous community outside the Catalan linguistic domain must be bilingual in Catalan and in Spanish. Non-official

33 I. The legal framework for language

languages may be used in written communication as part of the reception of newcomers. In this case, the documents must be accompanied by the original text in Catalan, which will always be the preferred version.

Use and promotion of Catalan (article 18)

In order to call attention to the vehicular nature of Catalan in public cultural manifestations, in state schools and in private schools that receive public funds Catalan should normally be the language used in activities geared towards the community outside the school. To achieve social cohesion and educational continuity in the teaching and use of Catalan, state schools and private schools that receive public funds must coordinate their actions with institutions and organisations in their communities. The Government must promote and support schools abroad as part of the wider international visibility of Catalan culture and language and must help to sustain them, especially in territories with historical, linguistic and cultural ties with Catalonia.

1.4. The Consumer Code of Catalonia Act

The Consumer Code of Catalonia Act 22/2010, dated 20 July, covers the language rights of consumers in articles 121.2 and 128.1, language requirements in consumer relations in article 211.5 and infringements of language rights in article 331.6.

Essentially it is designed to replace two pieces of legislation: the Market Discipline Act 1/1990 and the Consumers’ Statute Act 3/1993. The latter is completely replaced by the new Act and hence is repealed, while the Market Discipline Act is replaced in part. The new Act enhances the capacity of the Catalan Government to carry out its supervisory task and consequently its powers to impose penalties and enforce market discipline.

1.4.1. The language rights of consumers

Article 128 recognises the right of consumers to be attended to orally and in writing in the official language of their choice and also specifies that they are entitled to receive in Catalan: a) Invitations to buy, standard information, contract documents, quotations, certificates of deposit, bills and other documents that refer to or are derived from them. b) Information required for appropriate consumer spending, use and handling of goods and services, regardless of the format or medium used, and especially mandatory details directly related to safeguarding their health and safety. c) Standard form contracts, contracts with standard clauses, regulated contracts, general terms and conditions and documentation that refers to or is derived from the execution of any of these contracts.

Article 211.5 in book II, title I, chapter I governs language requirements. The Act states that documentation and information necessary for appropriate consumption and use of goods and services addressed to consumers must be immediately available to them in the official language they choose. The above does not apply to trademarks, trade names and signs protected by industrial property legislation.

1.4.2. Procedures for imposing fines

Finally, article 331.6 in title III, book III, chapter I states that violating the language rights of consumers or failing to meet linguistic obligations set out in prevailing regulations constitute a breach of the law. In turn, articles 341 and 342 regulate sanctions proceedings and in the first final provision state that references made in terms of consumer affairs in the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, and in the Market Discipline and Defence of Consumers and

34 I. The legal framework for language

Users Act 1/1990, dated 8 January, shall be understood as being made to the Consumer Code Act.

Sanctioning powers are held by the Catalan Consumer Agency if the offence affects the territory of more than one municipality.

1.5. Catalan Sign Language Act

The Catalan Sign Language Act 17/2010, dated 3 June, is based on the powers to regulate Catalan sign language derived from articles 127 and 131 of the SAC, fulfils the mandate of article 50.6 of the SAC, and partially develops basic state legislation in the field of sign languages, Act 27/2007, dated 23 October, which recognises Spanish sign languages and regulates the means to support oral communication of the deaf, hearing impaired and deafblind.

The objectives of this Act, divided into three chapters, two additional provisions and two final provisions, are to: a) Recognise Catalan sign language as a linguistic system used by deaf and deafblind people in Catalonia, and to regulate its promotion and protection by the public authorities in accordance with article 50.6 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. b) Regulate the learning, teaching and interpretation of Catalan sign language and set up the bodies tasked with its research and systematisation, advisory services and social participation in public policy in this area. c) Guarantee the principle of equal treatment and opportunities between men and women as a guiding principle which must be included and observed in the interpretation and application of Catalan sign language regulations. d) Publicise the existence and spread knowledge of Catalan sign language in the Catalan linguistic area.

1.6. Film Act

The Film Act 20/2010, dated 7 July, establishes the regulatory framework which is to govern the film and broadcasting industries and the production, distribution, marketing and screening of audiovisual and cinematographic works, as well as those aspects related to the promotion, preservation and dissemination of film heritage and fostering the supply of films made, dubbed or subtitled in Catalan.

In order to guarantee effectively the language choice rights of the people of Catalonia in this area, the Act provides in general terms that when a dubbed or subtitled feature film is released in Catalonia, distribution companies must distribute 50% of all copies in its Catalan language version and must respect this linguistic balance in any advertising for the film.

This percentage must be respected for both dubbed and subtitled copies that are distributed. Exempt from compliance are films made in Spanish or Catalan and dubbed European films of which fewer than sixteen copies are distributed in Catalonia.

The Act states that the quota for copies in Catalan may be implemented progressively over a maximum of five years. Distribution companies will be able to implement it fully in a shorter period of time if they see fit. The Act also provides for establishing measures to ensure a balance in the distribution of copies in the different official languages of Catalonia by population, territory, screening times and ticketing.

In order to foster the distribution of Catalan and European films, increase the range of films in Catalan and drive film culture in Catalonia, the Act also provides for the setting up of a voluntary coordinated cinemas programme in Catalonia with the objective of creating a Catalan Coordinated Cinemas Network. This network is to consist of all public and private cinemas which voluntarily join it through cooperation agreements signed with the Generalitat of

35 I. The legal framework for language

Catalonia. The Coordinated Cinemas Network will give priority to showing feature and short films that are:

 Produced in Catalonia and with priority given to those shot in Catalan.

 Produced in the European Union in their original version subtitled in Catalan, if the original version is not in a co-official language in Catalonia.

 Produced in countries outside the European Union and of cultural and artistic interest in their original version subtitled in Catalan, if the original version is not in a co-official language in Catalonia.

1.7. Reception of Immigrants and Returnees to Catalonia Act

Act 10/2010, dated 7 May, is based on the standpoint that sees reception not as the complete integration process but rather as the first stage of a process that lasts several years. In this respect, it does not seek to list rights in each area (education, health, language learning, work, etc.), but instead regulates sector rights, the right to receive reception services, including language training.

The Act therefore proposes to help newcomers to acquire basic language skills in Catalan and Spanish. Furthermore, in accordance with article 9.4, Catalan, as Catalonia's own language, is the common language for managing reception and integration policies, and is the language of education and information.

1.8. The Aranese Occitan in Aran Act

See section 1.3 of chapter I of the Language Policy Report concerning Aranese Occitan for full information.

2. The European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages was passed by the Council of Europe in 1992 and was made available for the signature of member States at the opening of the session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. It recognises languages defined as “regional or minority” as an expression of cultural wealth and it commits signatory states to enabling education in these languages either in part or in whole and also to making it possible to use them in fields such as the Administration of Justice and in the media. On 5 July 1992 eleven states signed the Charter: Germany, Austria, Denmark, Spain, Finland, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Malta, Norway and the Netherlands. It would come into force with the ratification of at least five states, and this took place on 1 March 1998, with its ratification by Finland, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Norway, the Netherlands and Croatia. Later on other members of the Council of Europe also ratified it, such as Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Slovenia, the United Kingdom and Spain.

The Charter provides for both mandatory and optional commitments for signatory states. States must comply with part II of the Charter and optionally they must sign at least thirty-five of the paragraphs or sections contained in part III, which deals with public administration, the media, culture, socioeconomic activities and cross-border exchanges.

As noted above, the European Charter was signed by the Spanish Government in 1992 and the ratification instrument was filed with the Council of Europe in 2001. In the Spanish Declaration it was stated that “regional or minority languages means the languages recognised as official in the statutes of autonomy of the autonomous communities of the Basque Country, Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, Galicia, Valencia and Navarra”. The Charter has been in force in Spain since 1

36 I. The legal framework for language

August 2001 and, in compliance with article 96 of the Constitution, has become part of Spain’s system of laws.

The text of the Charter was passed as a convention, which has greater legal value than other types of agreements such as resolutions and recommendations. In addition, the articulation of a convention is similar to an Act and furthermore it provides for mechanisms for the control of its application. Specifically every three years the Kingdom of Spain has to send a report to the Committee of Experts which evaluates the application of the Charter. In addition to the reports it receives from governments, this Committee also accepts and takes into consideration reports from other entities which work for the defence of languages.

Thus on 21 September 2005 the first report of the Committee of Experts on the Charter and the subsequent Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe concerning the application of the Charter in Spain was published. Significant in this Recommendation was the stress placed on the need to ensure that civil servants in the Administration of Justice and State administrative bodies in autonomous communities with their own language need to have adequate knowledge of that language.

In 2006 Spain submitted its second report about the application of the Charter in Spain to the Council of Europe in compliance with the procedures set out in the Charter. The Report of the Committee of Experts and the Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe concerning the application of the Charter in Spain were both published on 11 December 2008 in response to the aforementioned document. Amongst other things the Report and the Recommendation support the system of language conjunction used in the educational system in Catalonia and recommend the setting up of a legal framework for Catalan in Aragon. Finally, in 2010 Spain has published its third report (2006-2009) about compliance with the Charter.

The report for the period 2002-2005 produced by the Generalitat of Catalonia, the reports which Spain has submitted to the Council of Europe and the reports and recommendations drawn up by the Council of Europe can be viewed in the Legislation and Language Rights section on the Language Policy Secretariat’s website at www.gencat.cat/llengua/legislacio.

37 II. THE GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE FOR LANGUAGE POLICY ISSUES

1. Government bodies with language powers

1.1. General Directorate for Language Policy

1.2. Language Policy Technical Commission and Language Policy Technical Network

1.3. Generalitat Centre in Perpignan

1.4. Place Names Commission

1.5. Catalan Consumer Agency

2. Other bodies which take part in the Government’s language policy

2.1. Consortium for Language Normalisation

2.2. TERMCAT 2.2.1. Standardisation and dissemination of Catalan neologisms 2.2.2. The development and dissemination of terminology 2.2.3. Cooperation relationships

2.3. Linguamón – House of Languages 2.3.1. Multilingualism and society 2.3.2. Multilingualism and specialist services 2.3.3. Multilingualism and international relations

2.4. Ramon Llull Institute

2.5. Institut d’Estudis Catalans

2.6. Social Council of the Catalan Language

2.7. Catalan Audiovisual Council 2.7.1. The 2007 Directive

II. The Government structure for language policy issues

II. THE GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE FOR LANGUAGE POLICY ISSUES

The departments of the Government of Catalonia and the bodies and companies which it controls carry out, through a number of agencies, the sector-based application of the Government’s language policy and seek to ensure the coordination and involvement of the social and economic sectors within their remit.

Below is a description of the various public bodies in Catalonia which take part in language policy and the most significant actions they have carried out in the course of 2010 are to be found in the pages of this report.

1. Government bodies with language powers

1.1. General Directorate for Language Policy

In 2004 was set up the Language Policy Secretariat and took on the structure and functions of the former General Directorate for Language Policy. Later on it was regulated by Decree 216/2005, dated 11 October, and by Decree 632/2006, dated 27 December, to amend the previous one. The General Directorate for Language Policy was re-established in early 2011 with the structure and functions determined by Decree 304/2011, dated 29 March, on the restructuring of the Department of Culture.

In July 2007 the Catalan Government approved the Programme to set up the Oficina Occitan en Catalonha (Occitan in Catalonia Office) as part of the Language Policy Secretariat. (More information is available in the Language Policy Report about Aranese Occitan.)

The mission of the General Directorate for Language Policy is to exercise the powers conferred on the Government of Catalonia by language policy legislation, except those held by the Government or another body, and consequently it has the following functions in accordance with the abovementioned Decree 304/2011: a) It analyses, plans, directs, coordinates and implements the language policy of the Government of Catalonia in accordance with current legislation. b) It ensures the application of the Government’s language policy and coordinates the measures and projects of the departments of the Government of Catalonia. c) It draws up legislative and regulatory proposals concerning language policy and fostering the Catalan language, and reports on general regulatory projects that are related to this and which are implemented by the departments of the Government of Catalonia. d) It promotes teaching Catalan to the adult population of Catalonia and organises and holds the exams and issues certificates of knowledge of the Catalan language in Catalonia and the certificates for sworn interpreters and translators from other languages into Catalan and vice versa. e) It establishes and develops policies that seek to foster the use of Catalan in all areas of society and the availability of products and services in Catalan. f) It encourages and coordinates actions related to language policy and fostering the Catalan language which are undertaken by local councils in Catalonia through participation in the Consortium for Language Normalisation of Catalonia when necessary. g) It promotes dialogue, cooperation and coordination with other institutions with responsibilities in matters of language policy, especially in the territorial area of the Catalan linguistic community.

39 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

h) In collaboration with the Social Council of the Catalan Language, it promotes social dialogue in matters of language policy and the achievement of a consensus in favour of an increase in the use of Catalan in all areas of Catalan society. i) It cooperates with the Language Policy Technical Commission. j) It encourages and co-ordinates, through the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, terminological activities related to Catalan and it ensures the dissemination and use of the terminology produced by the Centre. k) It collaborates with the Institut d’Estudis Catalans to facilitate and encourage the application of language regulations. l) It cooperates with the Ramon Llull Institute in the latter’s mission to promote and disseminate Catalan outside the linguistic domain. m) It encourages the use, dissemination and knowledge of Occitan, known as Aranese in Aran, in accordance with the provisions of article 21 and the second additional provision of the Occitan (Aranese in Aran) Act 35/2010, dated 1 October.

Similarly, and in accordance with the provisions of the Catalan Sign Language Act 17/2010, dated 3 June, the Direcció General de Política Lingüística (hereinafter the DGPL) is tasked with driving policies for the dissemination and protection of Catalan sign language. In 2010 the DGPL has also updated its range of services as a basic tool in the General Directorate’s Communication Plan. (See section 4.1 of Chapter IV for more details.) Likewise, the various chapters of this report set out the most significant actions undertaken by the General Directorate for Language Policy in 2010.

1.2. Language Policy Technical Commission and Language Policy Technical Network

In order to coordinate the implementation of the Government’s language policy and thus ensure unified management that is compatible with harmonized sector implementation via the departments with powers in each field, which are tasked with reaching agreements with the social sectors involved, Decree 36/1998, dated 4 February, on measures implementing the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, set up two interdepartmental organisations: the Language Policy Technical Commission and the Language Policy Technical Network.

The Language Policy Technical Commission is the collegial body tasked with ensuring uniform application by all Generalitat (Government of Catalonia) departments of language regulations and decisions adopted by the Government in this area. It is made up of the secretaries and general secretaries from all Generalitat departments and the official in charge of language policy.

The Language Policy Technical Network is made up of personnel who carry out language planning tasks in the various departments of the Generalitat in both central and regional services and also in organizations reporting to them.

Information about the most important actions carried out by the various departments in the Government of Catalonia to promote the use of Catalan in the course of 2010 can be found throughout this report.

1.3. Generalitat Centre in Perpignan

One of the most important bodies that carry out actions in other Catalan-speaking territories is the Generalitat of Catalonia’s Centre in Perpignan, which was opened in 2003 as the official representative of the Catalan Government in North Catalonia. In January 2005 the Catalan Language Dissemination Service was set up as part of the Generalitat Centre with the goal of

40 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

giving support and resources to initiatives and projects designed to promote Catalan and to provide advice to institutions, companies and associations.

Below are the main actions in terms of language policy that have been carried out by the Generalitat of Catalonia Centre in Perpignan in 2010: a) Partnerships with town halls

 The Centre has attended a number of meetings with the Associació de Batlles (Association of Mayors) in order to lay the groundwork for the setting up of an Intercommunal Syndicate for Catalan and Occitan. b) Actions with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry

 Help has been given with the publication of the bilingual brochure for the Photo Journalism Visa Off Festival. c) Catalan courses and exams for adults

 Holding Catalan courses for adults in the 2009-2010 academic year in partnership with Òmnium Cultural North Catalonia.

 Coordination of the Language Policy Secretariat’s exams. 219 people enrolled to do the exams. d) Funding for primary and secondary schools

 Help with language stays in Catalonia for immersion and bilingual schools.

 Paying for subscriptions to the magazines Cavall Fort, Esquitx and Cucafera for all immersion and bilingual schools. e) Other actions

 Distribution of miscellaneous General Directorate for Language Policy material to associations, Catalan courses for adults and schools.

 Advice for students doing research projects on the Catalan language and/or Catalan identity in North Catalonia.

 Advice to associations, companies and institutions about language questions.

 Purchase and distribution of Associació Terra Nostra calendars in Catalan.

 Design, publication and distribution of the booklet Petita guia del supòrter català (Small Guide for Catalan Supporters) about sport and the Catalan language.

1.4. Place Names Commission

The Place Names Commission was formally created by Decree 59/2001, dated 23 January, as an advisory, consultative and proposals body for the official designation of place names in Catalonia.

Composition:

 Director General of Language Policy (president)

 Director of the Cartographical Institute of Catalonia (vice-president)

41 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

 Director of the Onomastics Office at the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (vice-president)

 Catalan Government civil servant from any of the departments that make up the Commission (secretary)

 Representatives from various departments of the Government of Catalonia (Department of the Vice-Presidency, Department of Town and Country Planning and Public Works, Cartographical Institute of Catalonia, Institute of Statistics of Catalonia, General Directorate for Local Administration)

 Representatives from various institutions and entities (Institut d’Estudis Catalans, General Council of Aran, Catalan Association of Municipalities and Counties, Federation of Municipalities of Catalonia, Consortium for Language Normalisation)

Projects carried out by the Place Names Commission in 2010 are as follows: a) Presentation of the new Nomenclàtor oficial de la toponímia major de Catalunya (Official Nomenclature of Principal Place Names of Catalonia)

In 2007 work was done to enlarge the Nomenclàtor oficial de la toponímia major de Catalunya in order to give official status to the place names which appear on 1:50.000 scale maps, which are the most widely used and distributed ones. Especially useful has been the inclusion of the phonetic transcription of some place names, specifically those of all chief municipal towns and population centres in Catalonia (approximately 4,000 items).

The original Nomenclàtor had 39,661 entries, while the new Nomenclàtor has 52,700 place names. 13,328 of these are new and there have also been 896 modifications of previous ones. The work of gathering and validating the data began in February 2005 and was completed in December 2007.

In the course of 2008 work was done to prepare the Nomenclàtor for publication in digital and hardcopy versions. This involved much more than just a quantitative enlargement of the first Nomenclàtor as it actually entails producing a new Nomenclàtor which also contains supplementary data related to the 2003 edition with sound files in the digital version, indexing of municipalities in alphabetical order, updated statistical data, the inclusion of a list of the place names in each municipality on the same page as the municipality and a new format for the work in three volumes. It is also planned to include in the digital edition of the Nomenclàtor the names of the chief municipal towns in Catalan sign language in partnership with the Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya (FESOCA – Catalan Federation for the Deaf). Finally, on 7 April 2009 the Decision of the Government to approve the Nomenclàtor was published in the Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Official Gazette of the Catalan Government, hereinafter the DOGC) (for more information see section 1.2.1.5 in chapter I).

In February this year the Vice-President of the Government of Catalonia presented the new Nomenclàtor. Special mention was made of the fact that the enlargement has taken 4 years (2005-2009) and has involved analysis of the topographic literature and information conducted by the Onomastics Office at the Institut d’Estudis Catalans and field work done by the Consortium for Language Normalisation with the help of local informants and scholars. The mapping, which includes a map for each municipality bearing the location of the place names, has been compiled by the Cartographical Institute of Catalonia, which was responsible for editing the work. Furthermore the digital Nomenclàtor, which also has sound recordings of the names of towns in Catalonia, has been brought out this year for queries on the Generalitat website. b) “Mots amb arrels” exhibition

The Place Names Commission and the Caixa Sabadell Foundation organised the exhibition “Mots amb arrels. Els noms de lloc ens parlen” (Words with roots: place names speak to us), which was launched at the Palau Robert on 10 February 2005.

42 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

“Mots amb arrels. Els noms de lloc ens parlen” is an exhibition which provides the keys to decoding the scenarios of the past and to understanding the features of modern landscapes. The goal of this exhibition is to publicise and help to preserve a rich linguistic and cultural heritage which at times is in danger of disappearing or being distorted. Separation from the rural world and the indifference often shown towards the language increase the fragility of a minority language like Catalan. Hence there is a need to face up to cultural globalisation by reaffirming what is one’s own. This extremely visual exhibition talks about the changes made to place names under dictatorships, the creation of new place names in the modern era with many distortions in tourist locations and second home residential developments, and also about micro place names made up of the proper names of very local places such as fountains, torrents, unique spots, caves and houses which may only exist in the memories of farmers, shepherds and fishermen.

After its launch at the Palau Robert in 2005, the exhibition went on the road with visits to municipalities around Catalonia. In the course of 2010 the “Mots amb arrels” exhibition has been seen in a number of towns and has attracted a total of 1,474 visitors. There is also now an interactive section on the Catalan Government website based on the “Mots amb arrels” exhibition and bearing the same name. Users can access it at http://www.gencat.cat/toponimia/interactiu/. c) Hosting the 24th International Onomastic Sciences Congress

Based on a proposal by a group of lecturers at the Universities of Valencia and Barcelona to bring the ICOS (International Council of Onomastic Sciences) Congress to the , the Place Names Commission gave its backing to the joint bid by Valencia and Barcelona to host the 24th International Onomastic Sciences Congress.

A dossier for the joint bid by the two cities to host the 24th International Onomastic Sciences Congress was drawn up and then presented at the 22nd Congress in Toronto in July 2008. The bid was accepted on the condition that only one city would host the event, which in this case would be Barcelona, and the Congress would be held at the assembly’s request from 4 to 10 September 2011.

As a result in 2008 the working group for organising the Congress was set up with members drawn from the Universities of Valencia and Barcelona, the Place Names Commission, the Institut d’Estudis Catalans and the Onomastic Society. Support for the holding of the Congress has been continued in 2010 through publicity and promotion for the activities that are to be run.

1.5. Catalan Consumer Agency

The Catalan Consumer Agency (hereinafter the ACC) is an independent agency of the Government of Catalonia in the Department of Enterprise and Employment, with its own legal personality, administrative independence and full capacity to act in order to achieve the goals which have been set for it. It was set up under the Catalan Consumer Agency Act 9/2004, dated 24 December (DOGC no. 4291, dated 30 December), and exercises all the powers of the Catalan Government in consumer affairs, which include those concerning information, training, education, advice, mediation, arbitration, the inspection and supervision of market discipline, publicity, promotion, institutional relations and the defence of the rights of members of the public in consumer affairs.

The language rights of consumers in their consumer relations are governed by the provisions of the Consumer Code of Catalonia Act 22/2010, dated 20 July. Article 121.2 g) states that language rights are protected rights and any infringement of them or failure to comply with any of the language obligations established by law is classified as a consumer affairs offence in article 331.6.

In the course of 2010 the ACC has continued to carry out actions to ensure compliance with language legislation. These actions have two main, complementary and at times cross-cutting themes: providing information about language rights and duties and checking compliance with

43 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

this specific type of legislation. One of the main channels used to send out information is the ACC’s website where consumer issues covered include a section set aside for the language rights of consumers and users: http://www.consum.cat/temes_de_consum/drets_linguistics/index.html.

Information about ACC actions in defence of the language rights of consumers can be found in chapter VI of this report, which contains quantitative sector indicators.

2. Other bodies which take part in the Government’s language policy

2.1. Consortium for Language Normalisation

The mission of the Consortium for Language Normalisation (hereinafter the CPNL) is to foster knowledge and use of Catalan in all spheres. To that end it organises Catalan courses for adults and delivers a range of services and resources to companies, organisations, local councils and private individuals to make it easier for them to use Catalan.

The CPNL is a public body with its own legal personality, set up in 1989 by the Government of Catalonia and nineteen town councils. Since then many other local and county councils around Catalonia have joined it. In 2010 the Consortium has been made up of the Government of Catalonia, ninety-five town councils, thirty-seven county councils and Girona Provincial Council. Lleida Provincial Council works with the CPNL by means of subsidies for county Catalan services in the province and paying for Catalan courses in a number of towns.

Thus the Consortium represents the realisation of the public language policies of the Government of Catalonia and of local councils with a shared commitment on the part of all its members to drive knowledge and use of Catalan. In 2010 the CPNL full assembly has approved new internal CPNL Regulations in order to meet the Consortium’s new operational and organisational needs.

The CPNL’s central management bodies are its Assembly and Board, where the Catalan Government has 51% of the votes.

Composition of its Board:

 Director General of Language Policy (president)

 5 representatives from the Government of Catalonia

 5 representatives from local councils

The CPNL’s service delivery is decentralised via a regional network made up of twenty-two Language Normalisation Centres (hereinafter CNL) that are distributed according to the sociolinguistic needs of the country in compliance with article 38 of the Language Policy Act. The CNLs are operationally independent and are run by centre councils which are headed by a representative of the local corporations in the consortium which always have a majority in regional decision-making. The centres may cover a single town, more than one, a county or a number of counties, and are organised into county Catalan services, local Catalan services and Catalan offices. In total there are 142 public service points around the country.

44 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

Table 2.1. Language Normalisation Centres

LANGUAGE NORMALISATION CENTRES

CNL de l’Alt Penedès i el Garraf CNL de l’Àrea de Reus Miquel Ventura CNL de Badalona i Sant Adrià CNL de Barcelona CNL Ca n’Ametller (Molins de Rei) CNL de Cornellà de Llobregat CNL Eramprunyà (Sant Boi de Llobregat) CNL de Girona CNL L’Heura () CNL de l’Hospitalet CNL de Lleida CNL del Maresme CNL Montserrat (Manresa) CNL d’Osona CNL del Prat de Llobregat CNL Roses (Sant Feliu de Llobregat) CNL de Sabadell CNL de Tarragona CNL de Terrassa i Rubí CNL de Terres de l’Ebre CNL Vallès Occidental 3 (Cerdanyola del Vallès) CNL del Vallès Oriental

The Consortium’s ordinary budget for 2010, including integration, has come to €32,250,000, which is a 4.66% increase on the previous year. This ordinary budget is basically made up of contributions from the Government of Catalonia (€20,233,942.04) and the local authorities that make up the Consortium (€7,550,000.00). Apart from its ordinary budget, the CPNL also receives funding from the Government of Catalonia for language integration activities, and this extraordinary budget has come to €2,209,918 in 2010.

The 20th anniversary of the Consortium was celebrated in 2009. The commemorative events that were held served to publicise the institution and its key structural role in the present and the future. They were also an opportunity to reinforce the sense of belonging of the people and institutions that make up the Consortium.

On 20 May 2010 a conference entitled "The Present and Future of the CPNL” was held in Sabadell. Convened by the Board of the CPNL, it was attended by local and county councillors from the local corporations in the CPNL and members of its Board.

The CPNL’s work in 2010 has continued in the same areas as in previous years with a special emphasis on Catalan courses for adults and major efforts in language integration programmes, in particular with the Romanian, Chinese, North African and Pakistani communities.

It has also carried out programmes and campaigns to foster the social use of Catalan.

More information about the main activities of the CPNL in the course of 2010 in terms of language integration (see section 1.6.1 in chapter IV) and adult education (see section 1.2 in chapter IV) can be found elsewhere in this report.

2.2. TERMCAT

The mission of the TERMCAT Terminology Centre is to coordinate Catalan-related terminology activities, promote and produce terminology resources and make sure they are available and

45 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

assist with the promotion and development of language engineering products in which terminology is of special significance, in order to contribute to the dissemination and implementation of scientific and technical terminology in the various specialist languages.

TERMCAT is a consortium made up of the Generalitat of Catalonia, the Institut d’Estudis Catalans and the Consortium for Language Normalisation. The Generalitat, through the General Directorate for Language Policy, guarantees its funding and in 2010 has provided it with €1,550,000 in ordinary budget and €92,700 in extraordinary budget to fund a number of terminology projects.

Composition of the Management Board:

 Director General of Language Policy (president)

 President of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (vice-president)

 TERMCAT Director (secretary)

 4 representatives from the Government of Catalonia

 1 representative from the Institut d’Estudis Catalans

 1 representative from the Consortium for Language Normalisation

Since December 2009 TERMCAT has had ISO:EN UNE 9001:2008 quality management system certification for all its key processes (Catalan terminology standardisation, creating terminology products, terminology advice, terminology assessment of products and translation of standards into Catalan).

2.2.1. Standardisation and dissemination of Catalan neologisms a) Standardisation and TERMCAT

Terminology standardisation (that is to say, the process of studying and establishing the most appropriate terms in Catalan for new concepts or ones that are in other languages) is one of TERMCAT’s key processes. The Terminology Centre’s byelaws expressly state this mission, which is carried out by the Supervisory Council in close partnership with the Philology Section at the Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

At the meetings of the Supervisory Council cases are studied that may come from an external request (usually through the Queries Service) or a request from one of the sector projects which the Centre works on. Specifically 34% of the terms studied in 2010 have been from the Queries Service while the remaining 66% have come from the projects TERMCAT has been working on over the course of the year.

The Secretariat of the Supervisory Council has studied a total of 323 terms. Of these, 207 have been authorised by the Supervisory Board with a total of 263 denominations being approved. The remaining 116 have been resolved directly by the Secretariat, and these decisions have been included in materials produced by the Centre or have served as the basis for responding to users of the Queries Service.

The terms approved by the Supervisory Council this year have come from a number of areas, including clinical research, life sciences, health sciences, the information society, sports, architecture from other countries, economics and business, clothing, agriculture and food, musical instruments of Indian origin, films, etc.

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Figure 1. Breakdown of terms standardised by subject area

Sports and shows 16%

Life and health Art sciences 7% 38%

Social sciences 6%

Clothing and food 5% Architecture and construction Agriculture, 4% Transport, Computers, livestock and fisheries Iindustry and energy electronics and 11% 5% communications 8%

A standardisation session on circus terms has been held in 2010 as part of the preparation of the Diccionari del circ (Circus Dictionary). It was attended by fifteen specialists related in one way or another with circuses, mostly circus critics and members of various circus companies and schools, terminologists from TERMCAT and a linguist from the Department of Culture and Media in the Government of Catalonia. They have studied sixty terms, often introduced into Catalan through borrowings from other languages and which are grouped into three sub-areas: acrobatics, aerial acts and balancing acts. b) Dissemination of standardised terminology and the criteria used

Standardised terminology is spread in a number of ways. The most direct one is the replies given to people who have sent requests for standardisation and to the specialists who have been consulted during the study process.

To ensure coordination between standardisation and drawing up rules, the Philology Section at the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, and in particular its Lexicographic Offices, are informed about all terms that have been studied and are provided with all relevant documents.

As for more general distribution, the standardised terms are made available through the Neoloteca, the online dictionary of standardised terms, which is regularly updated, and have also been disseminated in lockstep by Cercaterm, the online queries service. In addition, the new terms which have been approved are published in resolutions printed in the Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

Furthermore, the Terminology Antenna has publicised the most significant terms for the media and they have also been made available in a special section on the website, La finestra neològica (The neologisms window).

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c) Translation of UNE standards

Under the terms of the partnership agreement between TERMCAT and AENOR, the Spanish Standardisation and Certification Association, which was signed in 2005 and renewed and expanded in 2008, work has continued on drawing up and publishing the official Catalan versions of UNE standards.

This year special attention has been paid to the selection of standards to be translated that will have a greater social impact, such as ones for R&D management, and work has been done on the Catalan version of ten of these standards. The translation process for the standards, which in 2009 obtained ISO 9001:2008 certification for quality management systems, involves the participation of a translator, an expert reviewer and a reviewer other than the translator. It also provides for a final verification by the Supervisory Council, which reviews a report drawn up by the translator and the reviewer with the questions that have raised the most issues for them.

Since 2009 TERMCAT has been a member of AENOR’s Standardisation Technical Committee 191, which deals with the standardisation of principles, methods and applications relating to terminology. This committee, which is the Spanish representative of the corresponding ISO committee (Technical Committee 37), can draw up its own UNE standards or ones that are translations of international ISO standards concerning terminology. This year topic-based work groups have been set up linked to Technical Committee 37 and TERMCAT has applied to join the group looking at general terminology issues.

2.2.2 The development and dissemination of terminology a) The development of terminology

One of TERMCAT’S fundamental goals is to promote and carry out the development of terminological resources and ensure that they are made available. To that end, over the course of the year work has been done on 47 terminological projects, of which 11 have been published, including the Diccionari general de l’esport (General Sports Dictionary), the Diccionari de serveis socials (Social Services Dictionary), the Diccionari de sinologia. Anatomia i fisiologia de la mama (Sinology Dictionary. Anatomy and Physiology of the Breast) and the Tastets de cuina amaziga (Tamazight Cooking Flavours).

This year, whenever possible, the Diccionaris en Línia (Online Dictionaries) collection has included the option of downloading terminology content in XML format subject to an Attribution – No Derivative Works 3.0 – Unported Creative Commons licence.

Furthermore, TERMCAT has continued to publish new terminology titles on its website in the Terminologia Oberta (Open Terminology) collection, which features content in a standardised format and has a licence which gives a legal guarantee of the principles that a free and downloadable resource must observe. b) Terminology consultancy

In 2010 TERMCAT’s advisory services have focussed on dealing with requests for terminology, methodology and documentary advice submitted by users and in particular on working with organisations that promote the use of the language.

The Queries Service has handled 2,919 queries about scientific, technical and humanities terminology, which it has mostly received via Cercaterm and Optimot. In more than 50% of cases the queries have come from self-employed translators and proof-readers and the team of linguists at Optimot. The bulk of the consulted terminology comes from the fields of the humanities and social sciences, life sciences, construction and industry, and computer science and new technologies.

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Figure 2. Breakdown of queries by sectors

Consortium for Media Language 2% Normalisation 6% Government of Catalonia 9% Language Miscellaneous professionals institutions 38% 7% Other governments 7%

Companies 8% Universities and Optimot other teaching 14% centres 9%

Figure 3. Breakdown of queries by subject area

Mathematics. Physics. Chemistry Sports 3% 5% Food Life sciences 8% 24%

Health sciences 10%

Computers. New Humanities and technology social 10% sciences Construction. 19% IIndustry Law, economics 8% 13%

Cercaterm, the online terminology queries service, has reached its tenth birthday with a total of 29,274 registered users, of which 2,265 have registered during this past year. The diversity in terms of sector (companies, universities, public administration, language professionals, media, etc.) and geography (Catalonia, Valencia, Balearic Islands, national and international) of Cercaterm users shows that this multilingual queries tool is one of the main terminology resources when it comes to resolving terminology questions in any area of speciality. 77.4% of terminological queries received during 2010 have been answered by Cercaterm’s personalised service.

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In 2010 TERMCAT has also worked with Optimot, the General Directorate for Language Policy’s language queries service, as a second tier consultative body alongside the Institut d’Estudis Catalans. Over the course of the year work has been done on 336 terminology queries and dealing with all the comments and proposals for the development of terminological files from the team of linguists at Optimot.

This year TERMCAT has provided advice for the preparation of 26 projects for producing terminology materials, specialized texts or software localisation. Based on the nature of each project it has provided users with the human, methodology and technology resources required for its implementation. Actions undertaken in this area thus include revision of terminology, research, resolution and, if necessary, standardisation of neologisms, methodological support, coordination of teams of translators, qualitative evaluation and terminology and computer management.

Figure 4. Cercaterm. Registered users by geographical origin

North Catalonia 0.10% Other regions Not in Spain Andorra specified 1.40% 0.60% 9.81%

Other countries 2.30%

Balearic Islands 9.11%

Region of Valencia 10.11% Catalonia 66.57%

c) Publicly available data

TERMCAT has continued to update the terminology data available to the public on Cercaterm every month. This year it has been possible to consult nearly 232,000 terminology files. All of the terminology standardised by the Supervisory Council over the course of the year has been uploaded together with all the files resulting from the searches carried out by the Centre’s Queries Service and all the print and online dictionaries produced by TERMCAT in 2010. Care has been taken at all times to ensure a minimum gap between the date of closure of a product or normalisation of a term and its subsequent inclusion in the database used by Cercaterm.

In lockstep with these tasks of supplying new content, over the course of the year it has been ensured that Cercaterm provides all duly updated data considered of interest that has been historically generated by TERMCAT in the version that is closest to the original. As a result of this activity, files that are not considered appropriate have been removed from the public consultation database.

Furthermore, by the end of this year almost 60% of files that can be consulted on Cercaterm have been labelled with their source. This means that users can employ these documentary references when it comes to weighing up or comparing the results achieved by their query in

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terms of quality. In addition, when information is available in the source repository, the conceptual route which in each case contextualises the file in the specific specialisation sector in which it has been conceived has also been added to files with this labelling. d) Criteria and methods

In 2010, TERMCAT has carried out three closely related activities: a review of the Metodologia del treball terminològic (Methodology of Terminology Work), which is essentially completed with regard to its basic framework, the production of two new titles in the En Primer Terme collection (Espais Terminològics 2009: Terminologia i variació geolingüística [Terminological Spaces 2009: terminology and geolinguistic variation] and El diccionari terminològic [The Terminology Dictionary]) and drawing up more terminology “Píndoles” (Pills), short documents that contain language, terminology, methodology, typography, etc. issues for which common criteria need to be established in order to ensure consistent treatment in all the texts that the Centre produces.

As for the dissemination of the methods and criteria that TERMCAT uses, the Centre’s terminologists have produced several articles and papers that have been presented at scientific and discussion forums about terminology and published in journals. In addition, a number of external sessions have been held at TERMCAT’S headquarters to publicise the theoretical and practical content of the book La definició terminològica (Terminology Definition), published the previous year. e) Tools for collaborative working

In 2010 all terminology content generation tools have been integrated in the new web platform. This integration has mainly affected the GdT, which is the primary database for managing terminological files and dictionaries, and also the GdTweb, the secondary database synchronized on a daily basis with the GdT.

The specifications of various data tables have been improved and an audit table has been created that records all changes made in TERMCAT’s terminology databases. The work carried out in the architecture of the GdT has allowed for greater automation in the creation of web content associated with Cercaterm, the Diccionaris en Línia (Online Dictionaries) collection, the Neoloteca and the Talaia. Work has also been done on integrating the documentary database to enable the Biblioteca en Línia (Online Library) to automatically obtain constantly updated public consultation documentary data. f) Dissemination actions

In the strategic unit of communication and dissemination, in 2010 TERMCAT has worked to build technology into specialist sectors and enable dialogue with Catalan and international users, specialists and organisations which seek to promote language and terminology.

2010 has been the year of renewal of the website. The opening of the new web platform late this year has meant a step forward in the digital positioning of the corporate website. Users now have a new communication channel inspired by digital technology 2.0 that enables them to interact more flexibly with TERMCAT.

In structural terms, the new website adapts the layout of content according to the Centre’s main work areas. The services directory, lines of action and corporate information, which is available in Catalan, Spanish and English, are all highly visible.

As for the products on offer, the new architecture of the home page and the uniform display components provide access to Cercaterm, the Neoloteca and the Library as well as to the collection of Diccionaris en Línia (Online Dictionaries) and Terminologia Oberta (Open Terminology). In addition, the query features of all these products have been enhanced as has their integration with internal terminology management tools. Likewise, the terminology production support content sections (Comentaris [Reviews], Actualitat [News], Notes de premsa [Press Releases], Enllaços [Links], Criteris [Criteria], etc.) have been extensively revamped.

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In the course of 2010 total visits to the website came to 851,705, with 2,224,657 pages viewed, of which 1,091,933 involved consulting the terminology data included in Cercaterm (880,947), the Online Dictionaries collection (185,670) and the terminology commentaries on the home page (25,316).

30.56% of total visits to the website have been new ones, which is 6.86% more than the previous year. The number of absolute unique users has also risen by 14.13%.

Figure 5. New visits to the website

New visits 31%

Recurring visits 69%

The implementation of a specific communication programme for each product has continued. This has involved studying the user segment and selecting the most appropriate communication strategies in each case. As a result of implementing these programmes there have been a growing number of new website users and the news items sent to the media in 2010.

In lockstep, activities have been carried out throughout the year to disseminate information of terminology interest by drawing up sector materials, regular sending of information and the renewal of some sections of the website in line with the guidelines set out in the communication plan.

As in previous years, in 2010 TERMCAT has continued transferring publications and drawing up specific dissemination material at the request of a range of organisations, and has been present at a number of events connected with language and terminology both in Catalonia and abroad. It has also continued to collaborate with a range of specialist periodical publications in order to publicise terminology and the language criteria applied to it.

2.2.3 Cooperation relationships

In 2010 TERMCAT has ramped up its partnerships with Catalan, Spanish and foreign institutions in order to disseminate Catalan terminology in a range of specialist sectors and in the international community which is interested in language and terminology questions, and also to share criteria and experiences with organisations worldwide which have the same or similar goals.

The purposes of the partnerships that have been established are basically exchanging information and experiences, the development of products, advisory services and the dissemination of materials and information.

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In Catalonia, TERMCAT has particularly collaborated with the language normalisation networks run by regional and local government and universities in Catalonia, the Region of Valencia and the Balearic Islands.

TERMCAT has regularly attended the coordination meetings with the General Directorate for Language Policy in the Government of Catalonia, together with the Consortium for Language Normalisation, to build terminology actions into the language normalisation plan being implemented by all levels of government in Catalonia.

Particularly significant has been the cooperation between the Centre and the General Directorate for Language Policy in 2010 on the development and implementation of two projects: Optimot, the linguistic information search engine for dealing with Catalan language queries, and Plats a la carta (À la carte dishes). In terms of the latter, in addition to working on the validation of the Catalan terminology proposed by users of the application and its translation into Spanish, French, Italian, English and German, in 2010 all of the terminology content from the Plats a la carta application has been included in TERMCAT’s Diccionaris en Línia (Online Dictionaries) collection, which means terminology content can be downloaded in XML format subject to an Attribution – No Derivative Works 3.0 – Unported Creative Commons licence.

The Centre has also partnered the Secretariat’s Programme to set up an in Catalonia Office. As part of the rollout of Occitan as a co-official language in Catalonia, TERMCAT officers have attended a meeting with the management team at the General Directorate for Language Policy at the Interregional Centre for the Development of Occitan (CIRDÒC) at Besiers in to get a first-hand look at the work being done to promote Occitan. In addition, a party from APORLÒC, the Prefigurative Association of the Regulatory Authority for the Occitan Language, has visited the Centre to find out about the Catalan terminology model.

TERMCAT has continued to partner the Consortium for Language Normalisation with terminology advice for a range of materials. In lockstep, it has also continued to work with the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, and in particular with the latter’s Philology Section, through regular exchanges of publications and information.

The Centre has also continued its close cooperation with the media through the Terminology Antenna project whose members are the leading media outlets in Catalonia. Efforts have been made to foster the entry of new media outlets and stakeholders involved in the area, and the Centre has continued to coordinate and promote information exchanges to meet the media’s demands and to enhance the means of identifying terminology needs and the viability of proposals put forward.

In terms of cooperation with universities, in 2010 TERMCAT has renewed the cooperation agreement signed with the Vives University Network and has implemented specific cooperation projects with a number of Catalan universities. Thus over the course of the year it has worked with the Open University of Catalonia (UOC) on the Talaia project, a monitoring centre for knowledge society terminology based on the automatic dumping of the journals on the University’s website, and also with Pompeu Fabra University to analyse the implementation of the new terms.

TERMCAT has collaborated with various Spanish and international organisations working in language and terminology to carry out projects and activities. It has kept up contacts with organisations with which it has cooperation agreements, and it has also hosted visits by various officials from international organisations who wanted to get a first-hand look at what TERMCAT does.

In 2010 TERMCAT has played an active role in the international terminology agenda and in particular in Europe. In early 2010 Catalan was the guest of honour at the Expolangues Fair in Paris, where, under the slogan “Catalan, the language of 10 million Europeans”, institutions from across the Catalan-speaking territories took part in the event, which is a benchmark in the field of education.

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This year has also ended with one of the major events in the European terminology calendar with the holding in November of the European Terminology Summit in Budapest. Entitled “Terminologie 2010: une question de Qualité / Terminology 2010: Quality Matters”, the summit brought together terminology professionals from a wide variety of countries, languages and cultures and showcased the various approaches taken in terminology work in Europe. This year TERMCAT has been particularly involved in organising the event as it has been president in 2010 of the European Association for Terminology.

2.3. Linguamón – House of Languages

Linguamón – House of Languages is a body set up by the Government of Catalonia with the aim of promoting the world’s languages as a vehicle for communication and dialogue. It is a consortium with its own legal personality involving the Government of Catalonia and Barcelona City Council. It is headed by the Vice-President of the Catalan Government and the General Directorate for Language Policy is represented on its Governing Board.

The mission of the House of Languages is to be a centre which fosters knowledge of the world’s language diversity and to deliver multilingualism management services by means of initiatives designed to bring the world of languages closer to ordinary people, enable language wealth to be experienced positively in society, create awareness about the sustainability of linguistic diversity and communicate the great possibilities offered by languages and their communities.

Furthermore, its specialist services put in place language-related initiatives in order to foster the enhancement of the social and economic development of society, so that the models for managing multilingualism put forward have a positive impact on a country’s social cohesion, competitiveness and economy, and on the social development and employment opportunities of ordinary people.

2.3.1. Multilingualism and society a) Can Ricart, headquarters of the House of Languages

In 2010 the contract for the first stage of the refurbishment of the new House of Languages headquarters at Can Ricart, a former factory in Barcelona’s Poblenou district declared to be a national heritage site, has been awarded.

More than 5,000 people have visited the Linguamón – House of Languages Visitor Centre. The Centre is on the Can Ricart site and functions as an activities and permanent exhibition facility while the future headquarters is being refurbished.

b) Video collections

 Ciutats sonores: sons de la Mediterrània documentary

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The Sons de la Mediterrània (Sounds of the Mediterranean) documentary, which is part of the Linguamón – House of Languages Ciutats sonores (Sound Cities) collection, has been made and distributed. The documentary presents the diversity of voices (singing, market cries, sports songs, haggling) to be found around the Mediterranean while visiting Tunis, Cairo, Alexandria, Marseilles, Godella, Formentera, Sicily, Malaga, etc.

The Museum of the Mediterranean and Televisió de Catalunya have supported the making of the documentary which is directed by the musicologists Jaume Ayats and Joaquim Rabaseda. It has been divided into two parts each lasting 24 minutes and has been broadcast on Televisió de Catalunya’s music programme Nydia on Canal 33 where it was watched by 30,000 viewers. It was also broadcast in October and December on Televisió de Catalunya’s HD channel.

The documentary has been dubbed into Catalan, Spanish, French and English.

 Linguàrium

A total of 30 short videos have been made explaining the cultural wealth and the impact of multilingualism in Catalonia: Linguàrium. Over the last ten years more than a million immigrants have come to Catalonia, and this has generated a range of linguistic realities in the personal sphere that make it possible to combine the family or habitual languages of these newcomers with learning Catalan and Spanish. In a series of short videos lasting about 4 minutes each, Linguàrium gathers fragments of life in the shape of reports in which the coexistence of languages is the protagonist. They are short stories about their characters with no voiceover and told naturally by their protagonists.

 Veus video collection

The Veus (Voices) video collection gathers testimony about language diversity from the general public. It includes Veus unides (United Voices), Veus del món a Catalunya (Voices from the World in Catalonia), Veus expertes (Expert Voices) and Veus del català (Voices of Catalan).

 Veus del català

The Veus del català project has been completed with recordings from a number of towns and villages in Andorra. This means work on the north-western of Catalan has now been finished.

Veus del català is designed to create a digital audiovisual archive portraying the richness of the language today through its speakers. Testimonies have been recorded which are representative of the geographical, generational and social variation in Catalan. Veus del català is part of the Veus video collection which gathers testimony about language diversity from the general public.

 Veus unides

This project consists of video testimonials from prominent people throughout the world about languages and multilingualism which can be seen in the Visitor Centre and on the website.

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This year, as the Third Global Seminar on Linguistic Diversity, Globalization and Development has been held in Egypt, testimonies from ten prominent figures from Asia and Africa have been recorded, including Kiyo Akasaka, UN Under Secretary General for Communication and Public Information, Geeta Dharmarajan, writer, editor and director of the Katha Foundation, Salwa Al Neimi, Hindi Zahra and Ramzy Yassa.

 Veus expertes

The Veus expertes project has been continued involving interviews with specialists about a range of issues including the impact of multilingualism on the economy, how the learning of foreign languages can be improved and what models and activities have had a positive impact on languages and their speakers. These interviews have been subtitled and published as videos in Linguamón’s electronic newsletters and on its website.

This year, 11 new interviews have been recorded with specialists attending the Third Global Seminar on Linguistic Diversity, Globalization and Development which has been held at Alexandria. They have included Graham Fraser, Canada's Commissioner of Official Languages, Chris Rainier, from National Geographic, Nomazulu Mda, the South African Broadcasting Corporation's Manager of International Affairs, Gustavo Win, from the Voice of America, Sozinho Francisco Matsinhe, President of the African Academy of Languages, and Aly Maher, Special Advisor to the Library of Alexandria.

Interviews have also been held with other specialists in the field of languages including John Edwards, a Professor at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada, and Pietro Sicuro, Director of the Institut Francophone des Technologies de l'Information et de la Formation.

 “La Mar de Llengües. Parlar a la Mediterrània” exhibition

This year "La Mar de Llengües: Parlar a la Mediterrània" (The Sea of Languages: Speaking in the Mediterranean) has once again visited Barcelona (Can Ricart), Valencia and Alacant. A programme of guided tours has been run in all three cities for schools which have been attended by a total of more than 2,500 children.

c) “Batekmila: Euskal Munduak / Mons Bascos” exhibition. A portrait of Basque cultural reality

Linguamón – House of Languages has sponsored the “Batekmila” exhibition in Barcelona, organised by the Euskal Erakundea-Basque Cultural Institute. It is a portrait of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the Basque Country. It has been visited by 5,000 people while on display in the lobby of the historic University of Barcelona building and guided tours have also been arranged.

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The content of the exhibition, which is multilingual (Basque, French, English, Spanish and Catalan) and includes numerous technological media, has been translated into Catalan and new video content has been produced in order to show some life stories of Basques living in Catalonia and reflect on the use of their language in Catalonia. d) Activities for families

Three activities for families have been run in February, March and April: “L’oli de contes” (The Oil of Stories), a trip around the peoples of the Mediterranean through their stories; “Entreterres” (Between Lands), a workshop to explore the cultures, languages and peoples that make up the two shores of the Mediterranean; and “Un mar especial” (A Special Sea), a workshop to discover the languages of the Mediterranean through spices and their cooking. e) “Cafè Lebab”. Language on stage

The first “Cafè Lebab” event was held from 8 to 17 July, a new series of small shows devoted to the spoken word. It has featured artists from different countries and in different languages including the Germans Pigor and Benedikt Eichhorn with their Berlin cabaret, the Frisian poet Tsjebbe Hettinger, the Asturian Ana Vanessa Gutiérrez and the Breton Lan Tangi, the Americans Cecil Taylor and Amiri Baraka and actor Yoshi Oïda with his Interrogations show in French. During this first series, audiences have also been able to enjoy a face-off between improvisational poets from Majorca and the Basque Country together with a poetry slam and a cappella performances by young urban artists. They have also been able to take part in a number of open microphone sessions. Special care was taken when necessary in all the shows to enable the audience to understand the languages used by the artists by means of onscreen translations or simultaneous artistic interpretation. “Cafè Lebab” concluded with a tour of experimental poetry in Catalonia featuring the voices of Meritxell Cucurella-, Maria Cabrera, Noel Tatú and Joan Casellas.

More than a thousand spectators attended the 7 days of performances. f) “Revetlla de les llengües”

On 25 July the “Revetlla de les llengües” (Languages Evening) was held featuring the World Youth Choir. Entitled “Sóc ric, parlo llengües” (I’m rich, I speak languages), the event sought to foster closer relations between the speakers and communities of the 300 languages spoken in Catalonia.

The World Youth Choir is one of the most significant choral projects internationally, not only for its unique training and the high artistic quality of performances, but also because it promotes intercultural dialogue by building bridges between young singers from very diverse cultures: 80

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voices in 40 languages from 30 different countries make up this youth choir declared to be an Artist for Peace by UNESCO.

More than 800 people attended the “Revetlla de les llengües” at Can Ricart. g) Multilingües des del bressol. Educar els fills en diverses llengües and a workshop to learn English with Les tres bessones

On 26 May as part of the European Piccolingo programme to promote early language learning, the Manuel Arranz Library in Poblenou was the venue for the launch of the book Multilingües des del Bressol. Educar els fills en diverses llengües (Multilingual from the Cradle: educating children in several languages) by Anna Solé Mena. The event was accompanied by a children's workshop to learn English with Les tres bessones (The Triplets). This activity was designed for families.

Attendees were able to learn about a number of real cases of mixed families, in other words ones in which the mother and father do not have the same language as their habitual language, and were able to clear up their doubts about the process of learning languages as people grow up in a context where several languages come into contact. h) 2nd UPF – Linguamón Prize for the best upper secondary school research project in the field of languages

Linguamón – House of Languages and the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting at Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) have awarded the Second Prize for the best upper secondary school research project in the field of languages and language. The aim of the prize is to encourage research in this area coinciding with the introduction of the Applied Languages degree, which has been taught for the first time at the UPF during this academic year.

The award, which was presented on 15 May in the Auditorium of the Poblenou Communications Campus, went to Marc Barceló Tost, a student at Gabriel Ferrater High School in Reus, for his project Manual de quenya: introducció a la llengua i història dels èldar dins la fi de la Primera Edat (A Quenya Manual: introduction to the language and history of the Eldar in the end of the First Age).

Special mentions were also given to Iryna Zakreva, a student at Guissona High School in Guissona, for her project La gestualitat en diferents cultures (Gestures in Different Cultures), and to Mireia Sánchez Molas, from Voltreganès de les Masies High School in Voltregà, for Aproximació a les llengües personals al Voltreganès (Approach to Personal Languages in el Voltreganès).

2.3.2. Multilingualism and specialist services a) Linguamón Best Practice in Multilingualism

Work has continued on the documentation of best practices related to the Catalan experience through contact with professionals, organisations and schools. A total of 227 best practices

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have been translated into several languages and can be accessed on the website. By areas they are as follows:

 9% associations  25% education  23% immigration  13% employment and business  8% ICT  5% best practice carried out on the Balearic Islands  10% best practice carried out in the Region of Valencia  7% other (government, media, other linguistic communities, etc.)

The 5th International Conference on Best Practice in Multilingual Management entitled “La gestió del multilingüisme a l’aula: experiències dels centres educatius” (Managing Multilingualism in the Classroom: the experience in schools) has been held. The Department of Education helped to organise the conference, which took place at the Centre for Legal Studies and Specialised Training. It featured presentations about experiences in integrated language learning in schools and managing multilingualism in the classroom. It was attended by 95 experts in education issues. b) International cooperation Linguamón – House of Languages has worked with the Catalan Agency for Development Cooperation. It attended the 1st Meeting for Integration of Cross-border Language Families in the Amazon - Ecuador - Peru, held in Quito and Puno from 15 to 18 June 2010, where it gave talks about “Linguamón, the House of Languages”, “Linguamón’s Educational and Cultural Project” and “Linguamón Best Practice, a resource for fostering linguistic diversity”.

It has also cooperated with the Barcelona Education Consortium and the Association of Friends of Diaka Madina in the Dibuixa’m un conte (Draw me a Story) programme, an educational exchange project between schools in Barcelona and schools in Morocco, and in publishing multilingual stories: -Catalan, Catalan-Arabic, Tamazight-Catalan and Catalan-Tamazight.

Linguamón – House of Languages and Barcelona City Council, through the 22@ district, have driven the project for strengthening the competitiveness of the Multilingualism Cluster in Catalonia.

In 2010 this project has enabled the assessment of the current competitive situation and the main strategic challenges faced by the sector and the actions needed to enhance the competitive position of all stakeholders in the cluster.

This has involved carrying out more than 25 interviews in the sector and with leading international companies and customers. A fact-finding trip to Canada has also been carried out along with presentations and setting up working groups with the sector to agree on the general vision, future challenges and work areas to be developed in the future.

Strategic thinking has identified a series of future challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve the competitiveness of the sector as a whole. In turn, these challenges have led to a group of work areas and an action plan. c) Resources for managing multilingualism

Work has been done on maintaining the multilingual technology portal which provides information about multilingual resources and their suppliers in four languages. This has been done in collaboration with the Institute for Applied Linguistics at Pompeu Fabra University. The directory of language learning centres in Catalonia has also been maintained and contains the details of 227 centres, 96 municipalities and 56 languages.

In the course of 2010, the Linguamón-UOC Chair in Multilingualism, the outcome of an agreement between Linguamón – House of Languages and the Open University of Catalonia,

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has continued its work in research, training, information and documentation on multilingualism as a means of social and economic development.

With the support of Linguamón, the Chair has begun the first postgraduate programme on the Management of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity, addressed to all professionals from institutions, organisations or agencies who want to specialise in managing the new multilingual realities and contexts. The programme examines in greater depth the main phenomena associated with the new multilingual environments and the complexities that arise from globalisation, migration movements, new information technologies and new communication platforms, among other issues. A total of 21 students have enrolled for it. d) ELAN.cat study

The ELAN.cat study is the application in Catalonia of the survey taken from the European ELAN – Effects on the European Economy of Shortages of Foreign Languages Skills in Enterprise report, which revealed that many companies in the European Union are wasting business opportunities due to a lack of multilingual competences and intercultural skills.

The ELAN study set out the four key language factors for international competitiveness: having a well defined language strategy, recruiting staff with language skills, having native speakers and making appropriate use of translation/interpretation. The study, which began in 2009 and has been completed and distributed in 2010, is designed to find out about the status of multilingualism in Catalan SMEs. The research has followed the same patterns as the European ELAN study and has benefited from the advice of Professor Stephen Hagen, from the University of Wales, Newport, who also led the study at the European level.

The first public presentation of the study was made in April 2010 at the Palau de la Generalitat. In addition, other presentations of the ELAN.cat study have also been made in academic forums. The study has been carried out with the support of Linguamón – House of Languages, the Language Policy Secretariat and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Enterprise of the Government of Catalonia. e) Linguamón Monitoring Centre for Tamazight

The Linguamón Monitoring Centre for Tamazight works in the field of research, teaching and dissemination of Tamazight language and culture. It was founded in 2007 through a cooperation framework agreement between Linguamón – House of Languages, the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the University of Cadiz. The University of Barcelona has joined it in 2010. The Monitoring Centre has been set up to give support and visibility to Tamazight language and culture, a reality with a significant presence in Catalan society.

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An advanced linguistics course for translators has been held which was attended by 28 students and has led to the setting up of a group of translators from Catalan to Tamazight. Two university extension Tamazight language and culture courses have also been run worth 6 credits each for which 9 people have enrolled.

Work has continued in the manual of Tamazight neology in Catalan and French. The Monitoring Centre has hosted at Barcelona and Bellaterra two lecturers from the University of Oran, collaborating members of the PAU programme run by the Vives Universities Network (XVU). Along with members of the Monitoring Centre, the lecturers have taken part in two roundtable discussions on the standardisation of Tamazight at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and at the University of Barcelona. There have also been work and information exchange meetings with the Oran lecturers on the problems of Tamazight language planning in Algeria and Morocco, and the Catalan experience in this field has been discussed. The Diccionari de terminologia gramatical amaziga (Tamazight Grammatical Terminology Dictionary) has been presented at the University of Barcelona at an event attended by its authors, Abdallah Boumalk (IRCAM, Rabat) and Kamal Naït-Zerrad (INLACO, Paris). The Monitoring Centre has attended the International Conference on the Middle East and North Africa, held at the Autonomous University of Barcelona in July 2010.

In early December 2010 the second Tamazight Film Festival was held in Mataró. At this year's event seven films in Tamazight were screened, all of them translated and subtitled in Catalan by the Monitoring Centre. On the first day of the festival a roundtable was held about language and film featuring the Catalan film director Antoni Verdaguer, the Tamazight actress Ouafa Merras and a Tamazight film producer. The festival has been supported by the Filmat association and the Taghrast-Espai Amazic Association of Mataró. In addition, on the second day a meeting was held to discuss the presence of Tamazight women in film and the arts in general. It was attended by actress Ouafa Merras and members of Tamazight associations and Mataró Town Council. This year’s festival has attracted a total of 150 people.

The work Tastets de cuina amaziga (Tamazight Cooking Flavours), a collection of traditional Tamazight dishes designed to bring Catalan and Tamazight cultures closer together through cooking, has been published and distributed. The publication was presented at the 9th Conference on Tamazight Language and Culture held on 15 May at the Pati Llimona Civic Centre in Barcelona. The collection has been drawn up by Linguamón and TERMCAT in partnership with the Linguamón Monitoring Centre for Tamazight and the BUYA association of Tamazight women. 5,000 copies have been published which have been distributed across Catalonia through Consortium for Language Normalisation centres and centres run by the other organisations behind the project.

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May marked the thirtieth anniversary of the Tamazight Spring and the Monitoring Centre helped with organizing a number of activities about Tamazight language, literature, music and cuisine. f) University of the Balearic Islands

The second phase of the study of linguistic diversity in the Balearic Islands has been conducted as part of the cooperation agreement with the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB): “Les llengües a les Illes Balears. Anys 2008-2010” (Languages in the Balearic Islands: 2008-2010). This study was presented to the media on 22 September at the Vice-Chancellor’s Office of the University of the Balearic Islands. The “Petit Cafè del Món” (The World's Little Café) exhibition has been held based on the results of the study. g) Linguamón Languages Monitoring Centre

Research on the world's languages has continued under the cooperation agreement with the Endangered Languages Study Group at the University of Barcelona. The following languages have been documented in 2010:

 130 languages in the United States and Canada  20 languages in Central America  100 African languages (Tanzania and Cameroon)

The have also been updated. These already featured on the Linguamón website and on Mapes Vius (Living Maps) but the information, especially about their legal status, demography and online resources, needed to be brought up to date.

The documentation about the languages has been published on the website and on Mapes Vius and has been translated into 14 languages on the website. This information is the section that receives the most enquiries on the website. Currently the database contains information about 1,268 languages. h) Mapes vius

Mapes vius (Living Maps) is an ambitious initiative created with the latest mapping and multimedia technology to raise awareness about the world's linguistic diversity. Speakers at the official launch of Mapes vius included Tomàs Molina, head of meteorology at Televisió de Catalunya and an expert in tools for multilingual management of meteorological information, Hans Jörg Bibiko, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute, and Antoni Mir, Director of Linguamón – House of Languages.

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Mapes vius, which has the support of the Department of Education in the Government of Catalonia, makes it possible to consult any language based on a geographical area or a name and find out quickly and easily with just one click the languages which are spoken around the world.

At the invitation of the Ramon Llull Institute and the Language Policy Secretariat, Linguamón also attended Expolangues in February, the most important fair about language learning and teaching in Europe, where it also presented Mapes vius. i) Sociolinguistic study of medium-sized language communities

In partnership with the Sociolinguistics and Communication University Centre (CUSC) at the University of Barcelona, work has continued on the third part of the study begun in 2008, Els reptes de les comunitats lingüístiques mitjanes al segle XXI (The Challenges Facing Medium- Sized Language Communities in the 21st Century), and presentations open to the general public and discussion workshops for sociolinguists have been organised with scholars from each community.

Work in 2010 has focused on the challenges for the sustainability of medium-sized language communities in two specific areas: firstly, the legal and political area, coordinated by Dr. Antoni Milian (Autonomous University of Barcelona), and secondly, multilingualism in urban environments, coordinated by Dr. Emili Boix (University of Barcelona).

Experts have been invited from nine medium-sized language communities comparable to the Catalan case to set out the challenges for the sustainability of the communities of which they have first-hand experience and explain what their strategies are for the age of globalisation. j) Rights and Legislation in Canada and Europe Seminar

In May Linguamón hosted the Language, Rights and Legislation in Canada and Europe Seminar at the Visitor Centre at Can Ricart. It was addressed to specialists in the defence of language rights and consisted of two sessions: “Legislation, Rights and Services: A Comparative Analysis” (legislation and implementation), and “In Defence of Language Rights: Language Commissioners in Canada, Ireland and Wales” (official agencies charged with regulation of language rights).

The Seminar was led by Colin Williams (Wales), a sociolinguist and professor at Cardiff University. Colin Williams is an expert in social sciences, human geography and language planning, and also a member of the Linguamón – House of Languages International Scientific Committee. k) Presentation of the book Drets lingüístics per a tothom. Estudis de dret lingüístic, by Antoni Milian

Linguamón has organized the presentation of the book Drets lingüístics per a tothom. Estudis de dret linguistic (Language Rights for All: studies of language law), by Antoni Milian i Massana. The event, which was also attended by the author, took place in an exceptional setting, the new El Rei de la Màgia Theatre Museum in Barcelona, and included a magic show by the Rei de la

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Màgia and the author. Antoni Milian i Massana (Barcelona, 1954) has a PhD in Law and is an Administrative Law Professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

2.3.3. Multilingualism and international relations

Linguamón – House of Languages seeks to make Catalonia into an international benchmark in the management of multilingualism. Its goals are therefore to influence international discourse and agendas based on ongoing cooperation and networking with other organisations. It is for this reason that international relations with institutions working for linguistic diversity are very important for its development strategy. The activities carried out for this purpose include those mentioned below. a) UNESCO

Owing to the work done in recent years on identifying the various UNESCO sector programmes and the contacts established as a result, together with the presentation of the House of Languages at UNESCO, Linguamón has continued to keep up a close relationship with this organisation in order to identify international initiatives and programmes concerning language. In May 2010, UNESCO brought together its inter-sector commission (the working group for five of the organisation’s programmes) in order to present Linguamón – House of Languages and map out options for more cross-cutting cooperation.

Linguamón has continued its relationship with the UNESCO Liaison Office at the United Nations and hosted the talk in Barcelona about the link between linguistic diversity, cultural diversity and biodiversity by Christine Alfsen, Director of the UNESCO Office in New York.

 Convention on biological and cultural diversity. Canada: June 2010

The Director of the UNESCO Liaison Office at the United Nations, Christine Alfsen, invited Linguamón to attend the International Conference on Biological, Cultural and Linguistic Diversity organized by UNESCO and held in Canada from 8 to 10 June 2010. b) 3rd Global Seminar on Linguistic Diversity, Globalisation and Development

The 3rd Global Seminar on Linguistic Diversity, Globalisation and Development was held in Alexandria in Egypt on 27 and 28 November. It was jointly organized by Linguamón, the Roberto Marinho Foundation and the UNESCO office in Egypt.

At the seminar, experts from around the world discussed and reflected on the role of the media and new technologies in language use and the protection of linguistic diversity. The press conference to present the 3rd Global Seminar on Linguistic Diversity, Globalisation and Development was attended by the main Egyptian newspapers and the major TV channels.

c) Canadian Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

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In June 2010 Linguamón – House of Languages visited the Canadian Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, the government office which promotes the country's official languages, French and English. Linguamón established initial relations with the Office to explore options for future collaboration. The Commissioner visited Barcelona in December to see at first hand Linguamón and other institutions and functions such as the Ombudsman and the Language Policy Secretariat. Linguamón also organised a conference with the Commissioner designed to publicise the Office’s tasks in Catalonia. d) European Commission

In 2010 the division of powers and the number of commissioners at the European Commission has been restructured. This has meant that the multilingualism portfolio has been moved to the Commissioner for Education and Culture. In 2010 the European Commission’s new approach to languages has been monitored. e) European Parliament

Linguamón has been invited to attend the conference on languages in Europe organised by the European Parliament, where language policy in Europe and the need to include all language communities in mapping out action plans and activities geared towards languages has been discussed. f) European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity

Along with many other European bodies such as the Welsh Language Board and the Irish Government, Linguamón formally established the European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity in 2008. After receiving official recognition and winning the call for proposals in 2007 for the creation of European networks awarded by the European Commission, the Network has worked in 2010 to root the project and ensure that non-official languages can also have a presence in European debates in order to give visibility to all European languages, especially the less widely spread ones. As a founding member of the Network, Linguamón has attended the European conference on linguistic diversity organised by the Network in Brussels.

In addition, Linguamón has also been part of the working group responsible for mapping out future courses of action and a work plan for the setting up of a think tank about the future of linguistic diversity in Europe. Work has begun in 2010 on establishing a plan of action and activities which are to be specified in 2011.

2.4. Ramon Llull Institute

The Ramon Llull Institute is a consortium made up of the Government of Catalonia and the Government of the Balearic Islands whose main goal is the external promotion of Catalan and the culture expressed in this language in all its forms, materials and means of expression together with its dissemination and teaching outside the linguistic domain encompassing all its

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forms and variants.

Through its Language and Universities Section, the Institute promotes the presence, study and learning of Catalan and its reality at universities around the world, fosters research into the Catalan language and Catalan culture, and supports and drives Catalan studies institutions outside Catalan-speaking territories. The Institute is also the body tasked with assessing knowledge of Catalan outside the linguistic domain, and to that end it organises and runs the examinations for certificates to demonstrate progress made in learning the language and it also regulates and issues certificates.

More information is available about the activities of the Ramon Llull Institute with respect to Catalan language teaching abroad in chapter IV, section 1.4.1, and about external promotion also in chapter IV, section 1.4.7.

2.5. Institut d’Estudis Catalans

The Institut d’Estudis Catalans (IEC) is an academic, scientific and cultural corporation whose purpose is high-level scientific research mainly into all aspects of Catalan culture. It is based in Barcelona and has regional offices within its geographical area of operation (Perpignan, Castelló de la Plana, Alacant, Lleida, Palma and Valencia).

Royal Decree 3118/1976, dated 26 November, granted official recognition of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans as an academic, scientific and cultural corporation, operating in all areas where Catalan is the language and culture. The global amendment of the byelaws of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans was published in the DOGC by means of a Resolution dated 17 May 2001. In addition, under the Catalan Sign Language Act 17/2010, dated 3 June, the IEC is also the academic institution that determines the linguistic rules for Catalan sign language.

Catalan is the language of the Institute, and one of the corporation's aims has been to standardise and set out rules for the use of the language as a vehicle for advanced cultural and scientific research.

As a language academy and research institution, the Institut d’Estudis Catalans receives the institutional support of the Catalan Government, which also guarantees its ordinary financing in accordance with the framework agreement signed in 1988 and amended in 1996. The funding provided by the Generalitat is contained in the programme contract between the Catalan Government and the Institute, signed in the Palau de la Generalitat in January 2006. The ordinary contribution from the Language Policy Secretariat to the IEC in 2010 was €825,000. Also to be taken into account is €95,572.77 from the repayment of a loan from the Catalan Finance Institute to the IEC.

The Institut d’Estudis Catalans is divided into sections. Its Philological Section fulfils the function with which the Institute is tasked of acting as an academy for the Catalan language. This role entails the scientific study of the language, laying down linguistic rules and then monitoring the process of applying these rules in the Catalan language and cultural domain.

The Philology Section is organised into six commissions: the Lexicography Commission, the Onomastics Commission, the Grammar Commission, the Standard Catalan Commission, the Transcription and Transliteration of Proper Names Commission and the Publications Commission. Some of these commissions have associated work units including the Lexicographical Offices, the Onomastics Office and the Grammar Office. Below is a description of the most significant tasks performed by these offices in 2010.

 The Lexicographical Offices. The main work of the Lexicographical Offices (OL) is to implement the lexicographic plans approved by the Philological Section. As a result the activities of the OLs are generally divided into three main areas: firstly, there is the collection of materials related to the vocabulary, secondly, the drawing up of studies and reports about the material that has been collected, and thirdly the lexicographical adaption and regularization of these materials. Based on these studies and reports, the

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Lexicography Commission (CL), at meetings attended by a member of the OLs, and the Philological Section (SF) come to decisions about the normative vocabulary. These decisions are then applied in the normative dictionary. Finally, the OLs also deal with queries about the lexical rules of Catalan and furnish lexicographic materials to institutions that ask for them.

 The Onomastics Office. It has continued with its promotion and advisory work for compiling onomastics. It has also published the second edition of the Nomenclàtor oficial de toponímia major de Catalunya (Official Nomenclature of Principal Place Names of Catalonia), which entails an additional 15,000 place names compared to the first edition. The “Mots amb arrels” (Words with Roots) exhibition, which is an exhibition about the wealth of place names in Catalonia, has continued to travel around the country.

 The Grammar Office. In conjunction with the Grammar Commission it has continued to work on the Gramàtica de la llengua catalana ( Book). Additionally the Grammar Office has also occasionally dealt with grammar queries from the Language Advice Office, TERMCAT and individuals, in this latter case relating to aspects of the drafts of the parts of the Gramàtica which can be consulted on the Institute’s website.

 The Language Advice Office. This year the Office has worked in conjunction with the General Directorate for Language Policy and the TERMCAT Terminology Centre to operate and extend the Optimot combined language queries service (see section 4.3 in chapter IV). The Office has also taken part in updating and improving the various versions of the computer platform used for the Optimot combined language queries service. In addition to following the schedule that was drawn up last year for updating the works contained in the search engine coming from the IEC (updating the second edition of the DIEC), the Office has also taken part in studies of other works which have formed part of the Optimot search engine corpus: the Nomenclàtor toponímic de la Catalunya del Nord (Nomenclature of Principal Place Names of North Catalonia), and drawing up files based on the verbal morphology of the provisional version of the normative grammar produced by the Grammar Office in the Philology Section.

The Philology Section has four subsidiary societies: the Societat Catalana de Llengua i Literatura (Catalan Language and Literature Society), the Societat Catalana d’Estudis Clàssics (Catalan Classical Studies Society), the Societat Catalana de Sociolingüística (Catalan Sociolinguistics Society) and the Societat Catalana de Terminologia (Catalan Terminology Society). Every year these societies run congresses, symposia and conferences. The former two also publish journals of international scientific interest: Llengua i Literatura, by the Societat Catalana de Llengua i Literatura, and Ítaca, by the Societat Catalana d’Estudis Clàssics.

The Philology Section has carried out other activities in addition to the tasks of the offices described above. The most significant are as follows:

 Atles lingüístic del domini català. This year work has been completed on drawing up material for volume V of the Atles lingüístic del domini català (ALDC), which includes chapter 10, “Indústries relacionades amb l'agricultura” (Industries connected with agriculture), and 11, “Els vegetals” (Plants). In addition 97 maps with commentaries have been drawn up for the third volume of the Petit atles lingüístic del domini català (PALDC) and work is being done on the transcription of the ethno-texts of north-western Catalan and on drawing up a glossary to be entered in a recently created database.

 Textual corpus for a grammar of . This project seeks to create a computerised textual corpus of old Catalan which is designed to aid with research into grammar and be the foundation for drawing up a grammar of old Catalan. In the course of 2010 computer processing has been carried out and 25 books included in the corpus, while there are four more in the process of being included.

 Cooperation in Catalan neology: development of an Internet-based network platform. The project is made up of eight universities drawn from Catalan-speaking areas. The

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specific aims of the programme are as follows: 1. Set up a network of neology monitoring centres across the Catalan-speaking territories using the Internet-based cooperative work platform and the BUSCANEO automatic neology mining program, both developed in a previous project funded by the IEC. 2. Create a neology corpus taken from texts in the mass circulation print media that represent the different diatopic varieties of Catalan. 3. Conduct contrast studies of the trends in creating new vocabulary and the resources that have generated it in texts in Catalan print media in diverse kinds of Catalan through the study of neology. This year all the general goals set by the project and almost all the specific goals it set for this third year have been achieved.

 Specific goals in 2010 have included the compilation of 1,000 neologisms from each partner node, the comparative analysis and assessment of the data collected and the publishing of the findings of the studies carried out in a dictionary of Catalan neologisms, a book with the studies about the findings and a database that can be consulted over the Internet. Activities in 2010 have involved the configuration of the dumping corpus for the third year from each node and giving a methodology seminar for the Perpignan node to ensure proper use of working tools and uniform application of methodology.

 Estudis romànics. This year the Editorial Board of Estudis romànics has drawn up volume XXXII, which was published in May.

 L’espai segons el veien i el pensaven els grecs (Space as seen and thought about by the Greeks). This programme studies the concept of space in Greek culture, in particular its definition and articulation in written texts, iconographic representation and the architectural and urban organisation of physical space. This year has been the third and last year of the programme.

 The revernacularization of Catalan in the city of Valencia. This project is designed to find out if Catalan has been reintroduced as the family language in the households of children who go to language immersion schools in the city of Valencia. To that end a questionnaire has been drawn up which has been sent to parents, students and teachers at the aforementioned schools. This year the fieldwork involving interviews and a questionnaire for the parents of students at Catalan language immersion schools in the city of Valencia has been completed with the 415 interviews that remained to be done. In addition, the data for all the interviews with a questionnaire (987 interviews) conducted during the three years the project lasted have been moved to the SPSS statistical analysis program.

 Llengua i territori a Ponent i l’Alt Pirineu (I i II). El patrimoni etnicolingüístic al Pirineu i Prepirineu occidentals i al nord de (Language and territory in the Ponent and the Alt Pirineu [I and II]. The ethno-linguistic heritage of the western and Pre- Pyrenees and the north of the Ponent Strip). The programme is currently at the language inventory stage after the compilation of a significant number of semi-guided oral interviews with informants in the area. In lockstep, the materials collected are being processed to facilitate their later study. Thus work in the course of 2010 has involved management of volumes and processing audio (interviews) and text (transcripts) files along with drawing up a language inventory extracted from the data obtained from the informants. The territory being studied includes all the towns and villages in the areas of l’Alta Llitera, l’Alta Noguera, la Vall de Boí, Ponent, l’Alt Pirineu, the northern part of the Ponent Strip and the Ribagorçà sector of el Pallars Jussà.

 Obra completa de Santiago Rusiñol. Recopilació, edició, estudi i publicació (Complete works of Santiago Rusiñol. Compilation, editing, study and publication). The programme seeks to recover the entirety of the literary works of Santiago Rusiñol (1861-1931) so as to make them accessible and publish them in a standardised edition, vindicate his leading and influential role in Catalan and Spanish Art Nouveau, and discover and disseminate his works through studies, publishing and translation in all types of media, including electronic ones. The publication plan specifies six volumes which are to

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include the approximately one hundred books and one thousand articles published by the writer. This year work has continued on the identification, scanning and editing of Rusiñol’s texts together with work on the bibliography and documentation for his works and their editions.

 Vocabulari de la llengua catalana medieval de Lluís Faraudo de Saint-Germain (Medieval Catalan Language Vocabulary by Lluís Faraudo de Saint-Germain). Work has continued on this project: review of files and entries, feeding and maintenance of the entries and author database, etc.

2.6. Social Council of the Catalan Language

The Social Council of the Catalan Language was founded in 1991 and is the main body for advisory services, consultation and social involvement and participation in the Government of Catalonia’s language policy. In 2000 the Decree which set up this body was amended to adapt it to the regulatory framework laid down by the Language Policy Act 1/1998 and in 2005 it was once again reformed by means of Decree 116/2005, dated 14 June, on the Social Council of the Catalan Language, which regulates the Council’s current functions, composition, bodies and operation.

The following people make up the Social Council of the Catalan Language with their posts stated in brackets:

 President of the Government of Catalonia (president)  Regional Minister of Culture (first vice-president)  Director for Language Policy (second vice-president)  The President of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (third vice-president)  Deputy Director for Language Policy (secretary)  Thirty-four members representing a range of organisations and bodies (members)  Between thirty and forty individual members appointed by the Regional Minister in charge of language policy issues with recognised skills and prestige in the field of Catalan language studies or the promotion of Catalan in any area of activity in society (members).

Under Decree 116/2005, the Social Council of the Catalan Language has the following functions: a) To evaluate the goals and results of the Generalitat’s language policy and in particular the annual report provided for in article 39.3 of the Language Policy Act. To that end the Council annually draws up an opinion on the actions carried out or promoted in the previous year by the Catalan Government. b) To study and analyse, at the prompting of the Government, issues related to fostering and promoting Catalan in all social spheres. c) To render an opinion on general language planning instrument plans which have to be approved by the Government. d) To recommend to the Government drawing up studies and opinions together with the adoption of measures which comply with the general goals of the Language Policy Act. e) Any others which are assigned to it by law or regulations.

The Plenary Assembly of the Council met on 21 January 2010. The Language Policy Report for 2009 was submitted at this meeting. Likewise, the Council’s proposed evaluation opinion on the

69 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

Report for 2009 was also presented, debated and approved with the reservation that linguistic correction was pending.

2.7. Catalan Audiovisual Council

The Catalan Audiovisual Council is the independent regulatory authority for public and private broadcasting in Catalonia, as laid down in article 82 of the Statute of Autonomy of 2006, which repeats what had already been set out in the Catalan Audiovisual Council Act 2/2000, dated 4 May, and the Audiovisual Communication in Catalonia Act 22/2005, dated 29 December.

In specific terms, the Act which set up the Catalan Audiovisual Council (Act 2/2000) tasks the Council with seeking to ensure within its remit linguistic and cultural pluralism in the broadcasting system in Catalonia in general and, in particular, compliance with legislation dealing with the preservation and normalisation of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese Occitan.

In order to fulfil its duties and in exercise of its powers, the Catalan Audiovisual Council passed its Decision 118/2004, dated 17 November, which contains the General Directive on the presence of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese in the broadcast media (DOGC no. 4281, dated 16 December). This Directive, which came into force in 2005, was subsequently reviewed and, after consultation with the sector, at the end of 2007 a new version of it was passed: the General Directive of the Catalan Audiovisual Council on the presence of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese in the broadcast media (Decision 295/2007, dated 19 December, of the Catalan Audiovisual Council, DOGC no. 5037, dated 28 December).

2.7.1. The 2007 Directive

The coming into force of the new General Directive on the presence of Catalan language and culture and of Aranese in the broadcast media (Decision 295/2007, dated 19 December, of the Catalan Audiovisual Council, DOGC no. 5037, dated 28 December) led to the simplification of the statements that have to be made by radio and television service providers.

This simplification of the statements enables more detailed monitoring of the broadcasts of service providers, especially in the case of radio, the first effects of which were seen over the course of 2009. An initial evaluation of the statements shows that public radio service providers tend to broadcast, in general, almost 100% of their programming in Catalan. In the case of private radio service providers, there is a dual situation: the strictly local radio service providers or those in chains covering Catalonia mostly broadcast entirely in Catalan, while private radio service providers that are part of State chains broadcast around 50% of the time in Catalan, according to the calculation criteria established by the new Directive. As for broadcasting music sung in Catalan, the statements report higher percentages in general interest radio stations than for specialist ones, although it should be noted that this situation is conditioned by the absolute number of songs broadcast.

In the course of 2010 the Catalan Audiovisual Council has continued checking compliance by radio and television service providers with their obligations regarding broadcasting in Catalan that are in its remit. It has done this by examining the statements made by the service providers and by monitoring their broadcasting during specified periods of time. Thus the Council has monitored 13 radio service providers over the course of a calendar quarter and has carried out 30 more analyses of television service provider broadcasts over shorter periods of time.

The analysis of the statements confirms the trend already noted in 2009: public radio and television service providers broadcast mainly in Catalan, i.e., over 90% of their broadcasting time is in Catalan, and in all cases almost 100% of broadcasting is in fact carried out in this language.

As for private radio and television service providers, there is a high degree of compliance with legal obligations regarding the use of Catalan as a vehicular language. Here it is worth mentioning that more than half of the private radio service providers stated they broadcast

70 II. The Government structure for language policy issues

100% in Catalan, while the rest of these service providers stated that they use Catalan as their vehicular language in approximately 50% of broadcasting time, according to the calculation criteria laid down by prevailing regulations.

Continuing with private radio service providers, after the focus in 2009 on monitoring specialist music radio stations belonging to chains that covered much of Catalonia, in 2010 this analysis has been rounded off by monitoring specialist music radio stations that have smaller territorial coverage. In addition, monitoring of general interest stations, which was begun in 2008, has also been completed.

The data in the findings of the monitoring are very similar to the information provided in the statements and are consistent with the results of monitoring carried out in the previous two years. Overall, the results of monitoring confirm that local radio service providers which are part of Catalonia-wide radio chains (whether specialist music or general interest radio stations) broadcast entirely in Catalan, while in the case of private radio service providers belonging to State chains the rate of broadcasting in Catalan is around 50%.

As for the broadcasting of music sung in Catalan, the trend that began last year to change broadcasting percentages to meet obligations arising from the specific adjustments provided for in the 2007 Directive has been maintained.

Turning to monitoring of broadcasting by private television service providers, it has been found that all private television service providers meet the regulatory percentages for broadcasting in Catalan. In addition, nearly 50% of the service providers analysed use Catalan as their only vehicular language. Finally, the monitoring of broadcasting by public television service providers, and specifically by local TV stations, shows that they broadcast mostly in Catalan. There is more information about the Estudi d’opinió pública sobre els mitjans audiovisuals de Catalunya 2010 (Study of Public Opinion concerning the Broadcast Media in Catalonia in 2010) in chapter V, section 2.

71 III. THE GENERALITAT’S BUDGET FOR LANGUAGE POLICY

1. The Generalitat’s spending on language policy

1.1. General Directorate for Language Policy 1.2. Other units in the Department of the Vice-Presidency 1.3. Department of Social Action and Citizenship 1.4. Department of Culture and the Media 1.5. Department of Economy and Finance 1.6. Department of Education 1.7. Department of Governance and Public Administration 1.8. Department of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise 1.9. Department of Justice 1.10. Department of Health

2. Funding and grants to foster knowledge and use of Catalan

2.1. General Directorate for Language Policy 2.2. Other units in the Department of the Vice-Presidency 2.3. Department of Social Action and Citizenship 2.4. Department of Culture and the Media 2.5. Department of Economy and Finance 2.6. Department of Education 2.7. Department of Governance and Public Administration 2.8. Department of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise 2.9. Department of Health

3. Projects to foster the use of Catalan carried out with the support of the Government of Catalonia

3.1 Funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia 3.2. Funding awarded by the Secretariat for the Media 3.2.1. Funding for media outlets 3.2.2. Free subscriptions to a periodical publication for 18-year-olds 3.2.3. The Communication and Culture Barometer 3.3 Funding awarded by the Catalan Employment Service III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

III. THE GENERALITAT’S BUDGET FOR LANGUAGE POLICY

This chapter includes spending allocated by the Generalitat (the Catalan name used to designate the Government of Catalonia) in 2010 to language policy actions in each area. Although the structure of the Government was changed in December 2010, the assignment of expenditure has been stated according to the organisational structure of the 2010 budget.

1. The Generalitat’s spending on language policy

The budget allocation from the Government of Catalonia in 2010 for the General Directorate for Language Policy (the Language Policy Secretariat until December 2010) to foster the use of Catalan (without including the first chapter which covers salary expenses) has come to €30,711,446.03. Over the course of the year the General Directorate has received a number of additional contributions coming to a total of €1,599,318.04, which means that its total available budget has stood at €32,310,764.07. Finally, the executed budget for 2010 has amounted to €31,760,162.50.

The table below shows the change in the General Directorate for Language Policy’s approved and executed budget, without taking into account its first chapter and any additional contributions, over the last ten years.

Change in the General Directorate for Language Policy budget. 2000-2010 Increase Increase Accumulated Accumulated Approved over Executed over Year increase increase budget previous budget previous over 2000 over 2000 year year 2000 €12,578,769 €12,652,614 2001 €12,698,972 0.95% 0.95% €12,774,121 0.96% 0.96% 2002 €13,462,250 6.01% 7.02% €14,266,752 11.68% 12.75% 2003 €14,660,391 8.90% 16.54% €15,117,974 5.96% 19.48% 2004 €17,517,149 19.48% 39.25% €17,941,518 18.67% 41.80% 2005 €21,715,035 23.96% 72.63% €22,979,929 28.08% 81.62% 2006 €27,030,240 24.47% 114.88% €31,402,520 36.65% 148.18% 2007 €27,841,147 2.99% 121.33% €29,925,870 -4.70% 136.51% 2008 €28,397,970 2.00% 125.76% €30,995,183 3.57% 144.97% 2009 €27,731,698 -2.34% 120.46% €28,808,672 -7.05% 127.69% 2010 €30,711,446 10.74% 144.15% €31,760,162 10.24% 151.02%

As for chapter 1, the General Directorate for Language Policy’s executed budget for 2010 was €3,923,018.33. Therefore the total executed budget in 2010 is €35,683,180.83.

In addition, the bulk of the departments in the Government of Catalonia have also allocated a part of their budgets to promoting the use of Catalan in their areas of operation. The total amount allocated by these departments has come to €127,274,260.64.

Consequently, the total amount allocated by the Government of Catalonia to language policy actions in 2010 was €159,034,423.14. (Using the same criteria, the global sum allocated to these actions in 2009 came to €158,336,539.14.)

This figure is for actions geared towards spreading knowledge of Catalan and fostering its social use. Hence it does not include, for instance, the cost of training Generalitat civil servants, facility and infrastructure costs and actions which, although carried out in Catalan, are not designed to promote the use of the language. Nor does it include staff salaries except for personnel who work as facilitators for the use of Catalan in areas where knowledge and use of Catalan is deficient, such as the Administration of Justice and reception classrooms in compulsory

73 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

education. In the table below there is a breakdown by departments of the Generalitat’s budget for 2010 earmarked for incentivising the social use of the Catalan language.

Budget of Generalitat departments allocated to fostering the use of Catalan. 2010 Department Budget

General Directorate for Language Policy €31,760,162.50 Vice-Presidency (other units) €9,749,487.79 Presidency €64,087.24 Social Action and Citizenship €4,112,151.33 Culture and the Media €54,778,643.83 Economy and Finance €18,000.00 Education €44,410,050.68 Governance and Public Administration €8,506,807.04 Innovation, Universities and Enterprise €3,987,614.47 Home Affairs, Institutional Relations and Participation €127,413.08 Justice €1,517,438.06 Health €110,600.40 Employment €19,379.80 Total €159,034,423.14

1.1. General Directorate for Language Policy

Major items in the Language Policy General Directorate’s budget are financing the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the TERMCAT Consortium, together with expenditure connected with the following projects:

Funding for actions to foster the interpersonal use of Catalan New strategic framework for films in Catalan and dubbed and subtitled in Catalan The Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme The Optimot service for dealing with language queries The Parla.cat online Catalan course Reinforcing language integration capacity Catalan language examinations and certificates Contribution to funding the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (Institute of Catalan Studies)

Contribution to the Consortium for Language Normalisation to meet the operational €20,233,942.04 costs (training, advice and promotion)

Contribution to the TERMCAT Terminology Centre Consortium to help defray the €1,550,000.00 Consortium’s operating costs Contribution to the Ramon Llull Institute to meet expenditure for the Expolangues 2010 International Language and Culture Fair and to help defray the Institute’s operating €318,634.9 costs

€800,000.00 Contribution to the Institut d’Estudis Catalans to help defray its operating costs

1.2. Other units in the Department of the Vice-Presidency

The budget of the Department of the Vice-Presidency includes the activities of the Ramon Llull Institute. Another major item is expenditure on subsides for initiatives designed to spread and enhance the Catalan identity and culture within the Catalan linguistic sphere. It also includes the contribution by the Government of Catalonia to Linguamón – House of Languages.

74 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

1.3. Department of Social Action and Citizenship

At the Department of Social Action and Citizenship significant expenditure has included subsidies designed to finance extraordinary courses of Catalan from local entities for immigrants and the cost of Catalan teachers for immigrants’ associations. These courses for immigrants are in addition to those directly organised by the Consortium for Language Normalisation.

1.4. Department of Culture and the Media

The budget of the Department of Culture and the Media also includes the activities to foster the Institute of Catalan Letters and the various types of subsidies awarded by the Catalan Institute of Cultural Industries (ICIC) to foster artistic and cultural activities. In addition it should also be borne in mind that the budget of the Catalan Broadcasting Corporation has not been included, although this is also a major contribution made by the Department of Culture and the Media towards fostering the Catalan language.

As for the budget of the Secretariat for the Media, major items include the award of subsidies to projects and actions connected with providing support to media outlets which operate in Catalan.

Other actions directly managed by the Department include a line of funding organised via the library procurement service and which is designed to support publishing in Catalan and in Occitan by fostering reading and a greater presence for new publications in public libraries in Catalonia.

In the case of the Institute of Catalan Letters, and in light of the difficulty of separating out expenditure on fostering the language from outlay on promoting literature, total spending on personnel and current goods and services, total funding for literary creation and the translation into Catalan of works in other languages together with the cost of the “Al vostre gust” (As you like it) and “Itineraris de lectura” (Reading routes) campaigns, designed to promote and disseminate , have all been included.

As for the ICIC’s budget for giving support to cultural creation, production, promotion and distribution, major items include funding awarded to the audiovisual sector, the visual arts, music, the performing arts and publishing. Subsidies for projects which foster the use of Catalan, regardless of whether being carried out in Catalan is a requirement or is only an evaluation criterion for awarding the funding, have been included.

Section 2.4 contains more detailed information about the subsidies and funding awarded by the Department of Culture and the Media in the course of 2010.

1.5. Department of Economy and Finance

It should be noted that spending arising from the activities of the Catalan Consumer Agency in defence of the language rights of consumers and users has not been included. However, the contribution that the Department makes to the call for funding for the publication and distribution of university textbooks and manuals and scientific and technical books and reference books written in Catalan or translated into the language, whether as hard copies or as digitised versions (DILL 2010), has been included.

1.6. Department of Education

The Department of Education’s budget contains outlay by the Sub-directorate General for Language and Community, which includes funding allocated to paying teachers who work in welcome classrooms which are run for newly arrived students and to agreements with local councils for putting in place community education plans.

75 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

1.7. Department of Governance and Public Administration

The expenditure of the Department of Governance and Public Administration includes subscriptions to magazines and newspapers in Catalan for civic facilities (senior citizen centres, community cultural centres, organisation services centres, children’s play centres and maritime centres) and the budget of the Public Administration School of Catalonia allocated to projects which foster the use of Catalan. Also included is outlay on the actions of the Secretariat for Citizen Action carried out as part of community development plans: workshops in Catalan, literacy training, conversation, the Omnia programme and the Aprendre a aprendre (Learning to Learn) programme.

1.8. Department of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise

Major items in the budget of the Department of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise include actions by the University and Research Commission, such as its contribution to the Ramon Llull Institute for the maintenance of its network of Catalan lectureships at foreign universities and transfers made to the University and Research Funding Awards Agency in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies programme. It also provides funding for the Programme for Comprehensive Training for Workers in the Restaurant Industry (PROFIT).

1.9. Department of Justice

Significant items in the part of the Department of Justice’s budget earmarked for fostering the use of Catalan include the personnel costs of language facilitators in the court system, language support and advice for judicial bodies, actions designed to introduce Catalan into the ordinary operations of the system of justice and the organisation of language training for judicial staff.

1.10. Department of Health

The Department of Health’s budget includes the cost of training for health professionals, the subsidy for the Catalan Language Interpreters Service in the health sector of the Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya (FESOCA – Catalan Federation for the Deaf) and its contribution to the DILL 2010 call for funding.

2. Funding and grants to foster knowledge and use of Catalan

The tables below show the various actions and projects designed to foster knowledge and use of the own languages of Catalonia that have been supported by funding and subsidies awarded by departments of the Government of Catalonia in the course of 2010.

2.1. General Directorate for Language Policy

General Directorate for Language Policy

Subsidies for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia €583,500.00

Subsidies for initiatives designed to promote the use of Occitan in Catalonia €40,000.00

Funding for initiatives geared towards increasing the number of commercial releases €1,219,513.93 of feature-length films either dubbed into or subtitled in Catalan

76 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

Subsidy to Òmnium Cultural to help meet the costs arising from the Quedem? (Shall we meet?) programme, which is designed to foster social cohesion in Catalonia by €76,000 promoting knowledge of the community, interrelationships between people and driving (subsidy for 2010) the social use of Catalan. Multi-year 2010-2011: €152,000.00

A partnership agreement with the Coordinating Committee for Film and Video Festivals and Shows in Catalonia to increase the presence of Catalan and publicise and drive €180,000.00 subtitling in Catalan at film and video festivals and shows in Catalonia

Subsidy to the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia (CICAC) pursuant to Addendum no. 2 to the framework agreement for collaboration between the €40,000.00 Department of Justice, the CICAC and the Department of the Vice-Presidency for joint action to promote the use of Catalan in the field of law Agreement with the Centre Internacional Escarré per a les Minories Ètniques i les Nacions (CIEMEN - Escarré International Centre for Ethnic Minorities and Nations) to €60,000.00 extend and maintain the international language legislation database CIEMEN- (subsidy for 2010) MERCATOR/SPL. Multi-year 2008-2010: €172,000.00 Cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Ramon Muntaner Institute, Catalan-speaking Study Centres Foundation, for the award of the €6,000.00 Joan Veny research grant addressed to projects studying linguistic diversity and standardisation Subsidy to the Onomastic Society to help meet the cost of the extension of the Place €18,000.00 Names of Catalonia Collection in 2010

Subsidy to Asocrom to help meet the cost of publishing a book about the history of €10,000.00 Catalonia addressed to the Romanian community in Catalonia in 2010

Subsidy to the Institut d'Estudis Catalans to help meet the costs arising from the €25,000.00 activities of the UNESCO Chair of Languages and Education scheduled for 2010

Work Plan 2010 as part of the cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Conselh Generau d’Aran (General Council of Aran) to drive €114,423.76 language policies designed to promote Aranese in Aran

Subsidy to the University of Barcelona to help meet the cost of the “Visibilitzar o marcar? Repensar el gènere en la llengua catalana” conference on the use of gender €5,000.00 in Catalan

Subsidy to the Autonomous University of Barcelona to help meet the costs of running €3,000.00 the Master’s programme in Teaching Catalan for Language Integration

Subsidy to Lleida City Council to help meet the cost of the 11th Conference of the International Observatory of Participatory Democracy about “New technology and €13,924.00 citizen participation. Civil society and communication instruments”

2.2. Other units in the Department of the Vice-Presidency

In addition to the subsidies and funding awarded by the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Department of the Vice-Presidency has also made other funding awards which are set out below.

Secretariat for Foreign Affairs

Subsidies for teaching Catalan in Catalan communities abroad €206,977.00

Call for funding for extraordinary social and cultural activities €15,450.00

77 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

Directorate General of Religious Affairs

Subsidies for activities geared towards fostering relations between religious organisations and confessions and Catalan society, carried out in Catalonia and in Catalan (Resolution VCP/603/2010, dated 4 March, DOGC no. 5585, dated 11.03.2010), with an overall outlay of €550,000 and a total of 116 projects subsidised. Subsidies have €28,100.00 been given to the following specific activities for fostering the use of Catalan:

- Subsidy for the Inter-religious Network for the Language - Orthodox Community of Catalonia in the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer (€2,000) - Subsidy for language normalisation activities in the Protestant communities of the Evangelical Council of Catalonia (€6,000) - Subsidy for drawing up part of the Corpus Biblicum Catalanicum, to the Biblical Association of Catalonia (€9,000) - Subsidy for publishing the Diccionari grec-català del Nou Testament (Greek-Catalan Dictionary of the New Testament), to the Bible Institute of Catalonia (€4,000) - Subsidy for drawing up the Antic Testament interlineal hebreu-català (Hebrew-Catalan Interlinear Old Testament) by the Evangelical Biblical Institution of Catalonia (€6,000) - Subsidy for Catalan classes given in the Islamic Community in Agramunt (€300) - Subsidy for holding a roundtable about the translation of religious texts into Catalan by Fragmenta Associació Cultural (€300) - Subsidies for Catalan courses for adults (€500)

Subsidies for publishing works connected with religions and/or laicism that are written in Catalan or are multilingual and include Catalan (Resolution VCP/820/2010, dated 16 March) with a global outlay of €120,000.00 and a total of 28 titles subsidised. Subsidies have been given to the following specifically linguistic publications: €5,000.00

Subsidy for the book Bíblia popular catalana (Catalan People’s Bible) to the Biblical Association of Catalonia

Directorate of Sector Policies The Directorate of Sector Policies, reporting to the General Secretariat of the Vice-Presidency, was the unit responsible for driving and coordinating development and support policies for organisations that defend, promote and spread Catalan language and identity in territories in the Catalan linguistic area.

This General Directorate operated until December 2010.

Subsides for initiatives designed to spread and enhance the heritage and identity of Catalonia and of all the territories with which it shares historical, linguistic and cultural ties €800,000.00 To the Associació Amics de la Bressola for a school at El Soler (Roussillon) €613,139.93

To the Associació Amics de la Bressola to finance its activities during the course of 2010 €594,510.00 To Escola Valenciana – Federació d’Associacions per la Llengua (Valencia School – Federation of Associations for the Language) to promote Valencian in the fields of education and social use through campaigns geared towards enrolment, social use, film, music, publishing materials, filing complaints and social mobilisation in 2010 €297,000.00 An agreement with Òmnium Cultural €710,273.00 An agreement with Obra Cultural Balear €325,000.00 An agreement with Linguapax, through the House of Languages Consortium, for actions as part of its 2010 project to preserve and promote linguistic diversity €160,000.00 An agreement with Acció Cultural del País Valencià (Cultural Action in the Region of Valencia) €295,000.00 An agreement with the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l'Esbarzer €130,000.00 An agreement with the Associazione Diocesana Piergiorgio Frassati Onlus - Scuola Materna San Giovanni Bosco, to ensure the continuity and promotion of the La Costura (Sewing) project €26,000.00

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Ramon Llull Institute

Subsidies for teaching Catalan at universities and in associations outside the Catalan €2,024,730.86 linguistic area Funding for training teachers and for study stays by students from outside Catalan- €80,769.77 speaking areas Subsidies to Catalan studies associations €84,000.00

2.3. Department of Social Action and Citizenship

Subsidies to local councils for funding extraordinary beginners’ Catalan language €1,392,733.50 courses An agreement with Òmnium Cultural for the Quedem? programme €28,500.00 An agreement with the Associacions per la Llengua (Associations for the Language) €10,000.00 coordinating committee for the Xerrem (Let’s talk) programme Multiyear cooperation agreement between the departments of the Vice-Presidency, Governance and Public Administration, Culture and the Media, Innovation, Universities €34,941.03 and Enterprise, and Social Action and Citizenship in the Government of Catalonia and the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer Agreement with Friends of UNESCO €50,000.00

2.4. Department of Culture and the Media

Department of Culture and the Media

Multiyear cooperation agreement between the departments of the Vice-Presidency, Governance and Public Administration, Culture and the Media, Innovation, Universities €130,000.00 and Enterprise, and Social Action and Citizenship in the Government of Catalonia and the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer

National Culture and Arts Council

To the Associació Cultural Catalunya Rock for publishing the monthly magazine Enderrock and running the Enderrock awards to promote modern music in Catalan, €39,900.00 through the Activity Programme Fund To the Joan Maragall Foundation for publications and activities concerning philosophy €17,400.00 in Catalan, through the Activity Programme Fund To the Associació Cultural Artiga for the publication of the Revista d’Art (Art Magazine) €3,900.00 in Tarragona To Vicente Llorca for publishing the circus magazine Zirkolika in Catalan €25,500.00

Secretariat for the Media

Structural subsidies for digital news publications in Catalan or Aranese €894,528.79

Structural subsidies for radio stations broadcasting in Catalan or Aranese €551,691.28

Structural subsidies for television stations broadcasting in Catalan or Aranese €627,088.28

Structural subsidies for hardcopy periodical publications in Catalan or Aranese €4,067,024.72

Subsidies for non-profit organisations for projects in Catalan or Aranese which help to €827,049.28 drive journalism and the Catalan communication space

79 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

Subsidies for private news companies publishing digital newspapers for projects that €1,983,150.27 foster and consolidate the Catalan communication space Subsidies for private radio stations broadcasting in Catalan or Aranese for projects that €1,451,836.00 foster and consolidate the Catalan communication space

Subsidies for private digital terrestrial television (DTT) stations broadcasting in Catalan €1,623,608.80 or Aranese for projects that foster and consolidate the Catalan communication space

Subsidies for private news companies publishing hardcopy newspapers for projects €7,797,331.95 that foster and consolidate the Catalan communication space Subsidies in kind to people who reach the age of 18 consisting of a free subscription to €804,930.03 a periodical publication for a specific period of time Agència Catalana de Notícies (Catalan News Agency) €3,613,639.63 UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona). Communication Report and the €65,000.00 Communication Portal UAB. Communication Policy Monitoring Centre €65,000.00

UAB. Radio in Catalonia Report €16,800.00

UAB. Maintenance of newspaper collections €36,000.00 UPF (Pompeu Fabra University). Audiovisual Production Monitoring Centre €70,000.00 UPF. RESOLC_MITJANS.CAT Platform €90,000.00

XAL (Local Broadcasting Network). Support for the UDAL Language Advice project €35,000.00 FUNDACC (Fundació Audiències de la Comunicació i la Cultura – Communication and Culture Audiences Foundation). Consolidation of the Communication and Culture €850,000.00 Barometer Fundació Catalana de Premsa Comarcal (Catalan County Press Foundation) for the €250,000.00 promotion, expansion and professionalization of the county press Fundació ESCACC (Fundació Espai Català de Cultura i Comunicació – Catalan Culture and Communication Space Foundation). Development, design and promotion €155,000.00 of projects which help to build the Catalan communication space APPEC (Associació de Publicacions Periòdiques en Català – Association of Periodical €600,000.00 Publications in Catalan). Driving and consolidating the Catalan communication space ACPG (Associació Catalana de Premsa Gratuïta – Catalan Free Newspapers €120,000.00 Association). Driving and consolidating the Catalan communication space APPEC. Digitalisation of magazines in Catalan €165,000.00 Consorci Local i Comarcal de Comunicació (Local and County Communication Consortium). Acquisition of audiovisual content in Catalan to be distributed over IP €600,000.00 networks Francesc Eixemenis Foundation. Financing activities to publicise the programme €70,000.00 schedules of Catalan language broadcasters in the Region of Valencia

Catalan Institute of Cultural Industries (ICIC)

Audiovisual sector

Subsidies for the production of short cinema films

There are different ceiling amounts depending on what the original version of the short film is: In the case of short cinema films whose original version is in Catalan (VOC), a €18,028.66 maximum global sum of €16,000. (Short cinema films whose original version is in Catalan means those in which the language used in all dialogues and narration when shooting them is entirely Catalan.) In the case of short cinema films whose original version is in a language other than Catalan, a maximum global sum of €6,000

80 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

Subsidies for independent production companies for the production of feature-length TV movies intended for broadcast on television (multiyear)

There are different ceiling amounts depending on what the original version of the feature-length TV movie is:

€1,181,066.45 a) For feature-length TV movies made in Catalan, the subsidy is 20% of the total cost of the project up to a maximum of €120,000. b) For feature-length TV movies in other languages, 14% of the total cost of the project up to a maximum of €90,000. In these cases, in addition to the subsidy for production bonuses are also given for international reach and for fostering Catalan technical and artistic talent.

Subsidies for making cartoon series and feature-length cartoon films intended for broadcast on television (multiyear)

The bulk of the cartoon series and feature-length cartoon films which have received this subsidy have been made in Catalan. The amount of the subsidy varies as follows: a) TV cartoon series and feature-length cartoon films lasting less than 150 minutes; €1,142,400.00 the subsidies consist of a global sum up to €150,000 per project. b) Cartoon series lasting 150 minutes or more; the subsidies consist of a global sum up to €250,000 per project.

In all cases the amount awardable per project may not be greater than 40% of the production cost and is subject to the ICIC’s budgetary availability for the call for funding concerned.

Subsidies via non-competitive tendering for independent production companies for making documentaries intended for broadcast on television (multiyear) €335,734.84 Some of the projects that have received this subsidy are documentaries made in Catalan. The subsidy amounts to 17% of the total cost of the documentary project, up to a maximum of €24,000.

Subsidies for the organisation in Catalonia of audiovisual events and for promoting and publicising them

One of the evaluation criteria is the use of Catalan: Cultural and linguistic diversity of the project. Up to a maximum of 15 points. €992,800.00 The scheduling of works which portray cultural and linguistic diversity is taken into account. Catalan production and the use of Catalan in scheduling, publications and promotion of the activity are judged positively as are those projects which foster regional decentralisation.

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Subsidies for the production of feature-length films and large format productions

Productions whose original version is in Catalan (VOC) can receive a higher subsidy than productions in any other language: The amount of the subsidy may not exceed €200,000 per feature-length film and/or large format production. In the case of feature-length films and/or large format productions in Catalan, the subsidy may not exceed 15% of the production cost borne by the applicant. If the original version of the feature-length film and/or large format €1,165,505.81 production is in any other language, the subsidy may not exceed 10% of this cost.

In addition, productions in Catalan gain extra points in the evaluation of projects: Films in Catalan, up to a maximum of 45 points.

For the purposes of these rules, feature-length movies and large format productions whose original version is in Catalan means ones in which the language mostly used when shooting them is Catalan with at least 51% of dialogues and narration being in Catalan.

Subsidies for the production of feature-length movies of artistic and cultural merit (multiyear)

The language of the original version is taken into account when setting the subsidy level: €551,035.7 For feature-length fiction movies in Catalan, 20% of the total cost of the project up to a maximum of €200,000 per project. For feature-length fiction movies in other languages, 10% of the total cost of the project up to a maximum of €100,000 per project. (Feature-length movies whose original version is in Catalan means ones in which the language mostly used when shooting them is Catalan with at least 51% of dialogues and narration being in Catalan.)

Subsidies for the use and distribution of feature-length movies and large format productions

For the purposes of these rules, feature-length movies and large format productions whose original version is in Catalan means ones in which the language mostly used when shooting them is Catalan with at least 51% of dialogues and narration being in Catalan.

Productions whose original version is in Catalan (VOC) can receive a higher subsidy than productions in any other language: The amount of the subsidy awarded under the types established in the rules may not exceed €200,000 per feature-length film and/or large format production. In the case of feature-length films and/or large format productions in Catalan, the subsidy may not exceed 15% of the production cost borne by the applicant. If the original version of the feature-length film and/or large format production is in any other language, the subsidy €768,491.30 may not exceed 10% of this cost.

The types of subsidies awarded positively discriminate in favour of original versions in Catalan:

 Subsidies for the screening of feature-length movies and large format productions. a) In the case of feature-length movies and large format productions in Catalan, 40 cents will be given for each euro in takings at cinemas in Catalonia.

b) In the case of feature-length movies and large format productions in languages other than Catalan, 20 cents will be given for each euro in takings at cinemas in Catalonia.

 Subsidies for the promotion and advertising of feature-length movies and large format productions. The amount of the subsidy will be 25% of the spending of the production

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company on the promotion and advertising of the feature-length movie and/or large format production, up to a maximum of €60,000. In the event that the original version of the feature-length film is in Catalan, the subsidy will be 50% of the spending of the production company on promotion and advertising, up to a maximum of €60,000. However, when the production company can demonstrate spending on the promotion and advertising of the feature-length movie and/or large format production that is equal to or greater than €500,000, a subsidy award of €100,000 will be made.

 Subsidies for the national and international marketing of the film. A subsidy will be given based on the commercial results achieved by the applicant production company for sales made in national and international markets not included in the film production financing plan. The amount of this subsidy will be 15% of the net revenue obtained by the production company for each sale of the film made up to the date of submission of the subsidy application, regardless of the sales channel used. In the event that the original version of the feature-length film and/or large format production is in Catalan, this percentage will be 30%.

 Subsidies for distribution and the use of new media. This subsidy seeks to foster the distribution of films using distribution channels (video, DVD, home cinema) and new media (such as Internet portals, video on demand, mobile phone operators), and of other products stemming from the sale or transfer of the reproduction, public communication and/or distribution rights to the film. The amount of this subsidy is 15% of the net revenue obtained by the production company for each contract signed up to the date of submission of the subsidy application, regardless of the sales channel used. In the event that the original version of the feature-length film and/or large format production is in Catalan, this percentage will be 30%.

Subsidies to provide independent cinemas in small urban or rural population centres with access to EU and American films

Screening films in Catalan earns more points:

The amount of the subsidy is determined by the total number of points earned by each cinema, based on the screenings of EU and Latin American films in the period €430,000.00 between 1 December in the year prior to the call and 1 December in the year of the call at the cinema, according to the following points scale: a) For each screening of an EU film made in Catalan: 10 points b) For each screening of an EU film made in any other language: 5 points c) For each screening of a Latin American film: 1 point

Subsidies to enhance film projects at the development stage €325,731.00

The use of Catalan in the film earns more points in the assessment process.

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Subsidies for the production of cinema and made-for-TV films with a high screening and distribution potential (in cinemas)

The purpose of the rules is to establish a number of lines of support for the production of films designed to strengthen the Catalan industrial sector based on the following types of fiction film projects: €2,390,100.00 a) Commercial feature-length fiction films made in Catalan addressed to national and international markets and designed to help consolidate the production of films by the Catalan film industry. b) Commercial feature-length films and large format productions with high creative, technical and/or artistic value for Catalonia.

Subsidies for the production of cinema and made-for-TV films with a high screening and distribution potential (on television)

The purpose of the rules is to establish a number of lines of support for the production of films designed to strengthen the Catalan industrial sector based on the following types of made-for-TV fiction film projects: €360,000.00 a) TV fiction miniseries with two episodes made in Catalan featuring a theme and of a type that reflects the historical and cultural identity of Catalonia. b) Commercial and high quality made-for-TV feature-length films made in Catalan addressed to national and international markets and designed to promote the production of made-for-TV feature-length movies which channel creative, technical and artistic talent. Subsidies excluded from public calls

Subsidies excluded from public calls have been awarded to the following projects under the terms of agreements:

- COMUNICÀLIA, Serveis per a la Comunicació for the production of 10 programmes in Catalan. €921,200.00

- Ediciones Primera Plana, SA, for the distribution of films in Catalan through the newspaper El Periodico de Catalunya.

- Associació Catalana de Premsa Gratuïta for promoting the screening in cinemas of films subsidised by the ICIC.

Contribution to the action plan 2010 – 2012 to promote films in Catalan. Sum awarded €225,000.00 to the Acadèmia de Cinema Català (Catalan Film Academy)

Music sector

Subsidies for the organisation of activities and events which help to promote professional music in Catalonia €280,596.01 One of the evaluation criteria is the use of Catalan in the project and in its communication.

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Subsidies for live professional music concerts given in Catalonia

The following are taken into account when setting the subsidy: More points are obtained for expenditure on hiring groups that mainly use Catalan or Occitan in their performances, or which mostly play compositions written by Catalans in the case of instrumental performances, with respect to total hiring expenditure. More points are obtained for the number of performances by groups that mainly use Catalan or Occitan in their performances, or which mostly play compositions written by €2,715,963.69 Catalans in the case of instrumental performances, with respect to the total number of performances hired.

With reference to these scores, and in the case of Catalan groups made up of musicians who partially use Catalan or Occitan or partially play compositions by Catalan composers, or when not all group members have been born or live in Catalonia, a proportional rate will be used when calculating the subsidy for the performance.

Subsidies for projects implemented by Catalan record companies

The use of Catalan in productions of music works and Catalan authorship (composer born or living in Catalonia) in the production of instrumental music work will be €850,000.00 assessed. The use of Catalan by composers not born or living in Catalonia and in those projects which promote the language integration of immigrants will be given special importance.

Cooperation agreements with radio stations to promote music in Catalan and composed in Catalonia:

 Cadena SER €204,048.00  RAC 105  RNE – Radio  Grup Flaix

Performing arts sector

Subsidies for private theatres to put on professional theatre and circus shows

One of the requirements for being eligible for the subsidy is: €371,000.00 Having at least 50% of scheduled performances in Catalan during the year of the publication of the call for subsidy applications.

Subsidies for theatre and circus productions for a specific staging

€857,500.00 One of the evaluation criteria is the use of the original language of the text in the project or alternatively a translation of it into Catalan.

Subsidies to promote the professional theatre and circus sector in Catalonia

One of the requirements for being eligible for a subsidy for adapting shows premiered €5,835.00 in Catalan into other languages (a subsidy designed to promote the production outside (premiered in Catalan-speaking territories of theatre and circus shows originally produced in Catalan) Catalan) is: To have premiered or run the show in Catalan during the year of the subsidy award or alternatively during the two pervious years.

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Subsidies awarded under triennial (2009-2011) partnership agreements with theatre and circus production companies and theatre management companies with their own in-house productions (multiyear)

The eligibility requirements are as follows:

 In the case of theatre and circus companies: the language used in their performances in Catalonia must be Catalan save in the case of texts drawn from universal literature which are performed in the original language.

 In the case of theatre and circus production companies: at least 50% of their €195,000.00 production must have been in Catalan.

 In the case of theatre management companies with their own in-house productions: the project must provide for the following requirements, among others, during the three years of the partnership agreement: . Scheduling a minimum of 50% of shows in Catalan. . Scheduling at least 50% of performances in Catalan per year.

Total annual payments in 2010 under the 2008-2010 agreements: €3,364,580.00 Total annual payments in 2010 under the 2009-2011 agreements: €195,000.00

Subsidies awarded under triennial (2008-2010) partnership agreements with theatre and circus production companies and theatre management companies with their own in-house productions (multiyear)

The eligibility requirements are as follows:

 In the case of theatre and circus companies: the language used in their performances in Catalonia must be Catalan save in the case of texts drawn from universal literature which are performed in the original language. 3,364,580.00 €  In the case of theatre and circus production companies: at least 50% of their production must have been in Catalan.

 In the case of theatre management companies with their own in-house productions: the project must provide for the following requirements, among others, during the three years of the partnership agreement: . Scheduling a minimum of 50% of shows in Catalan. . Scheduling at least 50% of performances in Catalan per year.

Agreement with the Associació Rialles (multiyear)

€90,000.00 Under the agreement Rialles undertakes to put on at least 50% of performances in Catalan.

Publishing sector

Subsidies for publishing in Catalan or in Occitan and for the publishing of sheet music €255,207.60 of special cultural interest

Subsidies for publishing in Catalan and in Occitan, and for the publishing of sheet €1,977,000.00 music by Catalan composers

Subsidies for carrying out activities geared towards the public at large or the media to €250,000.00 promote individual titles or collections of books in Catalan or Occitan

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Subsidies for unique projects:

 To the Cambra del Llibre (Book Chamber) for organising the Catalan Book Week (€166,000.00).  To the Associació d’Editors en Llengua Catalana (Catalan Language Publishers’ Association) for promotional campaigns for books in Catalan (€50,988.57). €464,920.57  To the Consell Català del Llibre per a Infants i Joves (Catalan Council for Children’s and Young People’s Books) for book promotion campaigns and the activities of the Council in 2010 (€47,932.00).  To Enciclopèdia Catalana, SA, to support the online version of the Enciclopèdia Catalana (€200,000.00).

Visual arts sector

Subsidies for the organisation of activities which help to promote the professional visual arts sector in Catalonia €349,939.78 One of the requirements of the subsidy is that the language used to carry out the project must be at least Catalan.

Multi-sector

Grants, as refundable contributions and subsidies for cultural projects

The assessment criteria include incentives to submit projects that include the use of Catalan:

 Projects specifically in the field of the performing arts that consist of the production and/or use of theatre, dance and circus productions. One of the assessment criteria is the use of the original language of the text in the proposed project or its translation into Catalan or Occitan.

 Projects specifically in the field of recording and/or musical production consisting of the production, publishing and promotion of recordings, regardless of their media, and/or musical productions. One of the assessment criteria is the use of €788,330.00 Catalan or Occitan. (subsidies to

projects)  Projects specifically in the field of music consisting of the production and programming of festivals and/or seasons. One of the assessment criteria is the use of Catalan or Occitan (in the event that 17.5% of the repertoire of the festival or season is in Catalan or Occitan).

 Projects specifically in the field of publishing consisting of the production, publishing, distribution, marketing or promotion of books and/or publishing content regardless of their media. One of the assessment criteria is the use of Catalan or Occitan.

 Projects in the fields of the visual arts, the print media, periodical publications, multimedia and projects that cannot be classified in the previous sections. One of the assessment criteria is the use of Catalan or Occitan.

Subsidies related to loans awarded through competition for investments by companies, cultural organisations and the media €668,805.00

The impact of the project on the consumption of culture and communication in Catalan will be assessed.

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Institute of Catalan Letters

Funding for literary works in Catalan €140,000.00

Funding for new or upgraded websites about Catalan literature €22,000.00

Funding for translators for translations into Catalan of literary works from other €31,000.00 languages Funding for research into preferably contemporary Catalan literature movements, works €52,333.00 and authors and literary criticism Funding for carrying out activities to promote and disseminate Catalan literature €234,681.39 (organisations)

Funding for publishing houses for the publishing of literary works of cultural interest €130,800.00

Funding for publishing houses for translations into Catalan €78,000.00

2.5. Department of Economy and Finance

Funding for the University and Research Funding Awards Agency (AGAUR) in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies for the publication and distribution of university textbooks €18,000.00 and manuals and scientific and technical books written in Catalan whether as hard copies or as digitised versions (DILL 2010)

2.6. Department of Education

Funding for community education plans (2010-2011) €4,468,013

2.7. Department of Governance and Public Administration

Department of Governance and Public Administration Multiyear cooperation agreement between the departments of the Vice-Presidency, Governance and Public Administration, Culture and the Media, Innovation, Universities €125,000.00 and Enterprise, and Social Action and Citizenship in the Government of Catalonia and the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer

Public Administration School of Catalonia

To the Comissió Obrera Nacional de Catalunya (CCOO – National Catalan Workers’ 19,000.00 Commission) trade union to organise Catalan courses To the Unió General de Treballadors de Catalunya trade union to organise Catalan €19,000.00 courses To the Candidatura Autònoma de Treballadors i Treballadores de l’Administració de Catalunya (CATAC – Independent Administration of Catalonia Workers’ Candidacy) €6,700.00 trade union to organise Catalan courses

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2.8. Department of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise

Secretariat of Trade and Tourism Subsidy to the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation) for: – the “Oberts al català” (Open to Catalan) general campaign – running the campaign in the restaurant and hotel sectors – distribution to stores run by immigrants and to tourism €81,000.00 – publicising the campaign – the 7th Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector Awards – taking part in campaigns promoting occupational and commercial inclusion for immigrants

Subsidy to the Associació en Defensa de l’Etiquetatge en Català (Association for the Defence of Labelling in Catalan) for: – updating the data and design of the 14th edition of the Catàleg de productes etiquetats en català (Catalogue of Products Labelled in Catalan) – printing, editing, publishing and insertion of the 14th edition of the Catàleg in Catalan newspapers and magazines €45,000.00 – creating a new computer program with new search options and new files for each company – the inclusion of a new search option (by brands) on the website – managing the Catàleg and updating the website

Multiyear cooperation agreement between the departments of the Vice-Presidency, Governance and Public Administration, Culture and the Media, Innovation, Universities and Enterprise, and Social Action and Citizenship in the Government of Catalonia and the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer, for: – organisation of talks, debates and lectures on language awareness and social cohesion – organisation of training sessions – social promotion of volunteers – drawing up and dissemination of language awareness exhibitions €130,000.00 – conducting debates and studies about the Catalan language – preparation, publication and distribution of language awareness materials in different formats – preparation, publication and distribution of language awareness guides and resources – carrying out promotional and awareness campaigns for language normalisation and awareness in businesses and consumer issues – holding public activities and events – carrying out communication actions

Subsidy to Girona City Council for the “De tot cat” (All in Catalan) Trade Fair for €60,000.00 companies which include Catalan in their products and services

Commissioner for Universities and Research

Extraordinary subsidy to the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) – Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer to fund the campaign “El català a les universitats. L’ús del català a les universitats” (Catalan in Universities: the use of Catalan in universities), designed to €20,000.00 raise awareness among local university students of the importance of using Catalan in academic and professional exchanges

Extraordinary subsidy to the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC – Open University of Catalonia) to consolidate the structure and activities of the Comissió Interuniversitària de Formació en Llengua Catalana (CIFOLC – Interuniversity Committee for Catalan €32,666.58 Language Teaching) in 2010 The UOC received the funding as Technical Secretariat for the Committee

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Extraordinary subsidy to the University of Barcelona for the inclusion and technical maintenance of oral records in Japanese, Chinese, Arabic and Tamazight on the website of the Guies de conversa universitàries (University Phrase Books) collection. €22,160.00 This collection is on the Interc@t Catalan self-directed learning portal

Extraordinary subsidy to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, as a member of the University Catalan Studies Coordinating Committee, for publicising these studies on a themed website and printing information leaflets to be distributed to high schools and at €5,011.59 events connected with secondary school education

Fund transfer to the University and Research Funding Awards Agency (AGAUR) in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies for language normalisation projects and activities put €700,000.00 in place by Catalan universities (NORMA 2010)

More information about these subsidies can be found in section 5.3 of chapter IV.. Fund transfer to the AGAUR in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies for the publication and distribution of university textbooks and manuals and scientific and technical books written in Catalan whether as hard copies or as digitised versions (DILL 2010) €200,000.00

More information about the works that have been published can be found in section 5.3 of chapter IV.

Fund transfer to the AGAUR in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies for doctoral theses written in Catalan which have had vivas in 2009, for assisting with the €100,000.00 administrative fees and expenses associated with the completion of the thesis and the process of obtaining the title of doctor (TDCAT 2009 - DGR)

Fund transfer to the AGAUR in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies to individuals for doing master's degree programmes taught by universities in the Catalan university system during the 2010-2011 academic year €22,000.00

Its purpose is to promote and spread Catalan in various fields (MFC 2010).

Fund transfer to the Ramon Llull Institute for the promotion of Catalan language and €1,891,080.00 culture abroad. Maintenance of its network of Catalan lectureships

Fund transfer to the Ramon Llull Institute for organising the attendance of Catalan as the €50,000.00 guest of honour language at the Expolangues 2010 international fair

2.9. Department of Health

Subsidy for the Catalan Language Interpreters Service in the health sector of the €35,000.00 Catalan Federation for the Deaf (FESOCA)

Fund transfer to the AGAUR in order to finance the Agency’s subsidies for the publication and distribution of university textbooks and manuals and scientific and €18,000.00 technical books written in Catalan whether as hard copies or as digitised versions (DILL 2010)

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3. Projects to foster the use of Catalan carried out with the support of the Government of Catalonia

3.1 Funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia

In order to foster the social use of Catalan, in 2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy announced its annual call for funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia (Resolution VCP/7150/2010, dated 21 January).

The call is open to specific actions designed to foster the use of Catalan in Catalonia carried out by not-for-profit private organisations headquartered in Catalonia, professional associations, business organisations, trade unions, etc.

Support has been given to actions in areas in which the use of Catalan is deficient, with priority afforded to the following:

a) Actions which foster the use of Catalan in the field of employment and business. b) Actions which foster the use of Catalan in the field of justice and the law. c) Actions which foster the use of Catalan in the field of health. d) Actions which foster the use of Catalan which are geared towards young people (aged from 15 to 29). e) Actions which foster the use of Catalan which are geared towards people who do not habitually speak in Catalan. f) Actions which are part of the campaigns to promote the use of Catalan run by the General Directorate for Language Policy. g) Actions which come under the Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme and its philosophy.

A total of 98 projects have applied for funding under the call for 2010. 61 of them have been accepted, of which 52 are run by organisations and 9 by foundations. Support has been given to a wide range of projects.

In the sphere of the Voluntariat per la llengua, subsidies have been given to 13 projects run by organisations including Òmnium Cultural, Sants, Hostafrancs and La Bordeta Secretariat, the Coordinadora Gai-Lesbiana (Gay and Lesbian Coordinating Committee), Atzavara – Arrels Association, the Vincle Foundation and the Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya (UFEC – Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia). Support has also been given to the virtual language pairs project run by the Parlacatala.org Association.

In terms of trade unions, subsidies have been given to projects run by Unió General de Treballadors (UGT – General Union of Workers of Catalonia), Comissió Obrera Nacional de Catalunya (CONC – National Catalan Workers’ Commission; CCOO), Unió Sindical Obrera de Catalunya (USOC – Catalan Workers’ Trade Union) and the Intersindical Confederació Sindical de Catalunya (CSC – Catalan Inter Trade Union Confederation), among others. As for business organisations, funding has been awarded to the “Oberts al català” (Open to Catalan) campaign run by the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation), activities to promote language tools run by employers’ organisation PIMEC and the promotional project addressed to young businesspeople carried out by the Associació Independent de Joves Empresaris (AIJEC – Independent Young Entrepreneurs Association of Catalonia).

In the field of immigration support has been given to projects being run by organisations including the Samba Kubally Intercultural Association, Càritas Diocese of Barcelona, Casal dels Infants per l’Acció Social als Barris (Children’s Centre for Social Action in the Neighbourhoods) and the Associació de Treballadors Pakistanesos de Catalunya (Association of Pakistani Workers in Catalonia).

In the sphere of young people, funding has been given to the alternative leisure programme VPK run by the Fundació Marianao, the Expressa’t en català (Express Yourself in Catalan) project run by the Fundació Catalana de l’Esplai (Catalan Recreational Foundation) and the

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guide to musical resources for Catalan language music produced by the Associació Cultural Catalunya Rock.

Turning to organisations whose goal is to defend the Catalan language, subsidies have been awarded, for example, to the ADEC’s campaign to promote labelling in Catalan, to the 2010 Correllengua Catalan promotion campaign run by the Coordinadora d’Associacions per la Llengua (CAL – Associations for the Language Coordinating Committee) and to the awareness campaign to foster the use of Catalan in the Tallers per la llengua (Workshops for the Language). Support has also been given to the 7th Conference on the Use of Catalan in the Legal Field and Language Rights, run by the Associació de Juristes en Defensa de la Llengua Pròpia (Association of Jurists in Defence of Catalonia’s Own Language), and the Language and Consumer Affairs Conference organised by Consum Català, Associació Catalana de Consumidors (Catalan Consumption, Catalan Consumers’ Association).

The amount awarded as funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia in 2010 has come to €501,700 for projects presented by organisations and €81,800 for projects presented by foundations.

3.2. Funding awarded by the Secretariat for the Media

The Department of Culture and the Media, through the Directorate General of Innovation and Cooperation with the Media in the Secretariat for the Media, analyses, proposes and implements general media policy and the promotional activities arising from it. It also maps out and manages promotional activities in the field of the media designed to consolidate the Catalan communication space, puts forward and drives specific programmes to strengthen media companies, plans promotional activities in the field of the media, gives support to publications based on their role in social and/or territorial cohesion, contributes towards the completion of themed, public and regional sections in the press, contributes to the implementation of business projects in the media and helps to reinforce representative associations in the field of the media.

3.2.1. Funding for media outlets

It should be remembered that media outlets which use Catalan or Occitan are at a competitive disadvantage compared with other media outlets which operate in other languages and as a result have much greater opportunities in the market. Consequently, and in view of the role played by these media outlets in fostering social and territorial cohesion and enriching the country’s cultural heritage, their viability as part of the structure of the Catalan communication space needs to be borne in mind while at the same time not forgetting the business reality of the sector.

Actions taken to support media outlets can be divided into two large groups (structural funding and project funding) with nine lines of subsidies geared towards the various areas of communication, the digital press, print newspapers and magazines, radio and television.

3.2.2. Free subscriptions to a periodical publication for 18-year-olds

In 2008, the Department of Culture and the Media launched its Reading Promotion Plan 2008- 2011, which seeks to enhance reading habits and skills among the public at large. In lockstep the Plan also places special emphasis on the promotion of reading in Catalan in the belief that reading is a tool for national progress and social cohesion.

This programme offers everyone in Catalonia who has reached the age of 18 a free subscription to a print newspaper or magazine for a specified period of time depending on the frequency with which the publication comes out. The goal is to encourage young Catalans to read and buy paid-for newspapers and magazines. The programme is supported by media associations (the ACED, the ACPC and the APPEC).

A total of 21,236 young people who reached the age of 18 in 2010 have applied for a free subscription to a magazine or newspaper offered to them by the Department of Culture and the

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Media as part of its Reading Promotion Plan. The Plan seeks to encourage young Catalans to read and buy paid-for newspapers and magazines and is supported by media associations (the ACED, the ACPC and the APPEC).

These 21,236 young people account for 31.14% of the 18-year-olds who live in Catalonia. In 2010, 7,787 people or 36.67% chose Catalan-language publications.

The young people have been able to choose between 80 publications which come out with different frequencies and cover a wide range of issues. These publications have been endorsed by a committee made up of people drawn from the media, academic and professional sectors.

The total cost of the campaign has come to €1,281,808.17.

The bulk of subscriptions are for publications that come out every day, followed by monthlies, weeklies and fortnightlies.

3.2.3. The Communication and Culture Barometer

The Fundació Audiències de la Comunicació i la Cultura (FUNDACC) was set up in 2005 to run the Communication and Culture Barometer. The Board of Trustees of the FUNDACC is the main governing body of the foundation and consists of people from the communication and culture sector. It is divided into three areas: scientific, business and institutional. In 2010 it has received a grant of €850,000 for the consolidation of the Communication and Culture Barometer, an instrument which measures and analyses audiences for media outlets and cultural consumption in Catalan-speaking territories.

The main purpose of the Barometer, run by FUNDACC – Fundació Audiències de la Comunicació i la Cultura, is to provide useful information to stakeholders in the communication and culture market (media and communication groups, media agencies, cultural industries, enterprises and institutions) that are seeking to map out effective business strategies and policies.

Information about its findings can be viewed on the website (http://www.fundacc.org).

3.3 Funding awarded by the Catalan Employment Service

The Catalan Employment Service awards a number of different subsidies as part of its Professional Qualifications programmes. One of the requirements for these awards is that at least 50% of activities should be conducted in Catalan:

 Resolution TRE/357/2010, dated 12 February, which invites applications for subsidies under the Forma i contracta (Train and Recruit) programme to carry out training schemes with a commitment to hiring in 2010.

Article 2 of this Resolution, concerning the regulations for training schemes with a commitment to hiring, establishes as its reference framework Order TRE/338/2008 dated 4 July, which enacted the regulations for subsidies for training courses geared primarily towards the unemployed run by the Catalan Employment Service. Specifically, article 29 of this Order states with respect to requirements for training schemes in section b) that they should "be given at least 50% in Catalan” and in section c) that "the teaching materials drawn up by beneficiary organisations shall be written at least in Catalan”.

 Resolution TRE/3705/2009, dated 23 December, which opens the 2010 call for applications for subsidies for running supply-driven training schemes through training plans in priority professional areas.

93 III. The Generalitat's budget for language policy

Article 2 of this Resolution, concerning the legal system for supply-driven training plans, establishes as its reference framework Order TRE/338/2008, dated 4 July, which enacted the regulations for subsidies for supply-driven training schemes geared primarily towards the unemployed run by the Catalan Employment Service. Specifically, article 29 of this Order states with respect to requirements for training schemes in section b) that they should "be given at least 50% in Catalan” and in section c) that "the teaching materials drawn up by beneficiary organisations shall be written at least in Catalan”.

 Order TRE/563/2009, dated 22 December, which establishes the regulations and opens the 2010 call for the award of subsidies to local organisations for running training schemes geared primarily towards the unemployed.

Article 3 of this Resolution concerning the regulations for supply-driven training schemes establishes as its reference framework Order TRE/338/2008, dated 4 July.

 Resolution TRE/319/2010, dated 29 January, inviting applications for subsidies for collaborative projects in seasonal agriculture in 2010.

Article 7 of this Resolution, concerning the criteria for selecting projects for hiring unemployed people for works and services of general and social interest and the criteria for awarding these subsidies, in section 2.2 b) on the programme during the employment plan states that “the schemes for helping people find work in these projects must include teaching basic understanding and speaking skills in Catalan similar to level A knowledge”.

94 IV. THE ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT

1. Access to knowledge of Catalan and language integration 1.1. The Parla.cat online Catalan course 1.2. Language teaching for adults in Catalonia: the Consortium for Language Normalisation 1.2.1. Face-to-face and blended learning courses 1.3 Other training actions promoted by the Government 1.4. Ramon Llull Institute 1.4.1. Catalan studies abroad 1.4.2. Assessment of knowledge of Catalan 1.4.3. Training for teachers 1.4.4. Programmes for students 1.4.5. Teaching resources 1.4.6. Promoting Catalan studies 1.4.7. Dissemination activities 1.4.8. Ramon Llull Foundation 1.5. Certification of knowledge of Catalan by the General Directorate for Language Policy 1.6. Training for specific groups 1.6.1. Public Administration personnel 1.6.2. Justice Administration staff and legal professionals 1.6.3. Health professionals 1.6.4. Imams 1.6.5. Language integration professionals 1.6.6. Conferences and materials for language professionals 1.7. Language integration of recent immigrants 1.7.1. The National Immigration Agreement 1.7.2. The Consortium for Language Normalisation’s language integration plans 1.7.3. Reception classrooms 1.7.4. Community education plans 1.7.5. Education reception areas 1.7.6. Strengthening non-formal education 1.8. Resources and materials for teaching Catalan. 1.8.1. Resources and materials for language integration 1.8.2. Resources and materials for learning Catalan

2. The Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme 2.1. Actions 2.1.1. Regional actions to facilitate and manage the language pairs 2.1.2. Publications and dissemination materials 2.1.3. Broadcasting of the ‘10 cites’ series on local TV stations 2.1.4. Promotion of the programme abroad 2.2. Sectorisation of the programme 2.2.1. VxL in companies 2.2.2. VxL in health 2.2.3. VxL in justice 2.2.4. VxL in associations 2.3. Other actions 2.3.1. Conference in Terres de l’Ebre 2.3.2. Ceremony to recognise the Voluntariat per la llengua programme in Girona 2.3.3. Improvements to the Voluntariat per la llengua computer application 2.4. Programme participation data 2.4.1. Change in the number of pairs 2003-2010 2.4.2. Enrolments 2.4.3. Figures by area IV. The actions of the Government

2.4.4. Enrolments by origin 2.4.5. Enrolments by sex 2.4.6. Enrolments by age groups 2.4.7. Agreements and partnerships with organisations and establishments 2.4.8. Conclusions

3. Fostering the use of Catalan 3.1. “Encomana el català” campaign 2010 3.2. “Canto sense vergonya” 2010 3.3. Funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia 3.4. Census of organisations promoting the Catalan language 3.5. Encouraging businesses 3.5.1. The language and CSR 3.5.2. “Oberts al català” campaign 3.5.3. The CPNL and language promotion in the fields of business and trading 3.5.4. De Tot Cat Trade Fair 3.5.4.1. Girona Commitment 3.5.4.2. Workshops and roundtables 3.5.4.3. Other activities 3.6. Language promotion in specific professional groups 3.6.1. Justice Administration staff and legal professionals 3.6.2. Restaurant and service personnel

4. Language services for the public 4.1. The catalogue of General Directorate for Language Policy services 4.2. Serving the public 4.3. Language queries: Optimot 4.4. Machine translators 4.5. Plats a la carta 4.6. Certification of knowledge of Catalan 4.7. Sworn translation and interpretation qualifications 4.8. Information and communication 4.8.1. Catalan language website http://www.gencat.cat/llengua 4.8.2. Catalan films agenda 4.8.3. Social networks on the Internet

5. The Government’s sector actions and cross-cutting language policies 5.1. Catalan in compulsory education 5.1.1. The language model of schools in Catalonia; a commitment to multilingualism based on Catalan as a vehicular and teaching language 5.1.2. A new sector regulatory framework 5.1.3. The school population 5.1.4. The Language and Social Cohesion Plan 5.2. Catalan in the field of justice 5.2.1. Cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia 5.2.2. Cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Association of Notaries of Catalonia 5.2.3. Framework cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Coordinating Office of the Land, Commercial and Personal Property Registrars of Catalonia 5.2.4. Framework cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Catalan Associations of Court Representatives

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5.2.5. Attention and language integration for judges and prosecutors who have recently come to Catalonia 5.2.6. LexCat database 5.2.7. Teaching law in universities 5.2.8 Translation of the Official State Gazette into Catalan 5.2.9 Other actions carried out by the Department of Justice 5.2.10. The agreement for the use of official languages in the field of law 5.3. Catalan in the universities 5.4. Catalan in the health sector 5.4.1. Actions of the Institute of Health Studies 5.4.2. Actions of the Regional Health Services 5.5. Catalan in the field of work 5.5.1. The Catalan Employment Service 5.5.2. Partnership agreement with the Consulate of the Dominican Republic 5.5.3. Fostering the use of Catalan in the Barcelona Employment Inspection and Social Security services 5.5.4. Public registry offices 5.5.5. Collective agreements and employment contracts 5.5.6. Employment documents and other forms on the Internet 5.5.7. Updating the ‘Diccionari de la negociació col·lectiva’ 5.5.8. The PROFIT Programme 5.5.9. “Oberts al català” campaign 5.5.10. Plan to support companies in training workers who provide customer service 5.6. Catalan and new technologies 5.6.1. Promotion of mobile telephony in Catalan 5.6.2. Promotion of Catalan in ICT and at Catalan SMEs 5.6.3. Support for the development of services and content in Catalan 5.6.4. Digital Hardware Framework Agreement 2010/3 5.7. Catalan and the audiovisual industry 5.7.1. Promoting Catalan in films 5.8. Catalan and the media 5.8.1. Regulatory framework 5.8.2. The Catalan Broadcasting Corporation 5.8.3. The Catalan Dubbing Service 5.8.4. The CCMA’s Language Services 5.8.5. Audiences for broadcast media and the presence of Catalan

6. Language in the Government’s interdepartmental plans (summary table)

7. External promotion 7.1. Promoting Catalan in Spain: partnership between the Governments of Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia and the Balearic Islands 7.2. Promoting Catalan language and culture in Catalan-speaking territories 7.2.1. Generalitat Centre in Perpignan 7.2.2. Government of Andorra: Ramon Llull Foundation 7.2.3. Generalitat Office in Alguer 7.3. Cooperation relations with other governments and public agencies 7.4. Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity

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8. Prizes and awards 8.1. Catalan language and literature awards and prizes created by the Government of Catalonia 8.1.1. Pompeu Fabra Awards 8.1.2. Award for the promotion of the multilingual reality of Spain 8.1.3. National Culture Award for the Social Visibility of the Catalan Language 8.1.4. National Communication Awards 8.1.5. Blanquerna Award 8.1.6. Creus de Sant Jordi 2010 8.1.7. Gold Medal of the Government of Catalonia 8.1.8. Ramon Llull International Award 8.1.9. Linguamón-UPF Prize 8.1.10. Volunteer Award 8.2. Awards that have been supported by the Government of Catalonia 8.2.1. Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector CCC Award 8.2.2. SME Language Quality Award 8.2.3. Recognition of Corporate Language Quality Prize (Young Entrepreneur Award) 8.2.4. CONVIT Award 8.2.5. Llanterna Digital Awards 8.2.6. Alimara CAT Tourism Award 8.2.7. Award for Excellence in Language Processing in Computer Software and Websites 8.2.8. Carmen Serrallonga Language Quality Award 8.2.9. Agustí Juandó i Royo Award 8.2.10. ADAC Language and Cultural Normalisation Award 8.2.11. Award for Projects to Extend the Use of Catalan in Tarragona

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IV. THE ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT

The Catalan language extends over an area of 68,000 km2 inhabited by 13,254,100 people, and according to an estimate made on the basis of the most recent survey carried out simultaneously throughout the territories which make up the Catalan linguistic area, it is spoken by 9,118,882 people and understood by 11,011,168.

In Catalonia Catalan is an official language alongside Aranese Occitan and Spanish. In addition, Catalan is the own language of Catalonia and Aranese Occitan is the own language of the Val d’Aran. Knowledge of Catalan and of Spanish is both a duty and a right of all the citizens of Catalonia, which the Generalitat (Catalan name used to designate the Government of Catalonia) and the administrations in Catalonia must guarantee.

Given the situation of inequality that still exists between the official own languages of Catalonia and Spanish, the public authorities seek to balance the presence of Catalonia’s own languages with respect to Spanish and enable inequalities in language options to be overcome, in order to remove existing obstacles and thus give effect to the right to linguistic choice of the people of Catalonia and ensure genuine freedom of individual choice. This involves promoting comparable conditions of use through applying principles of active affirmation and paying special attention to the Catalan language, as this is the one which has historically been outlawed and subordinated. This is a basic principle of equitable linguistic coexistence, which has been traditionally supported by a large majority of the citizens of Catalonia and Catalan political parties.

It should be borne in mind that Catalan is not just maintaining transmission of the language from parents to children, but in fact is increasing it since a significant number of families whose first language is not Catalan pass it on to their descendents (see the chapter “New data about knowledge and use of Catalan”). However, the Catalan language still faces major problems in many areas of use.

It is confronted by the challenges posed by intense worldwide language contact brought about by the establishment of a new global economic and communicative situation and by large population movements. As a result, the changes brought about by globalisation place new demands on people, societies and government, which have to give priority attention to the role of languages in education. Moreover, and as has been recommended by UNESCO and the European Union, they also need to ensure that people gradually acquire satisfactory functional competence in Catalan, in Spanish (and in Aranese Occitan in the Val d’Aran) and at least in another foreign language, which enables them to maintain personal, professional and cultural relations at the local, state and international levels. Moreover, migratory movements have meant that over recent years there has been a number of adult newcomers who speak neither Catalan nor Spanish.

As a result, the action of the Government of Catalonia is geared towards promoting a system of language coexistence in the public sphere which ensures the respect for language rights contained in the prevailing legislative framework and the integration of immigrants. This policy seeks to combine two equally indispensable goals: ensuring that Catalan becomes a common language for social cohesion, shared by all, and that everyone, no matter what their habitual language may be, can take part in public life, exercise their rights under equal conditions and maintain satisfactory intercultural relations. These goals need to be achieved with a guarantee of the absence of language discrimination.

Thus everyone who lives in Catalonia must have access to the knowledge of Catalan and everyone who wants to use it must be able to do so in all situations and in all places. Likewise, the offering of mass consumer products, goods and services in this language needs to become more widespread so that people can exercise their right to use Catalan in consumer transactions.

Accordingly, the Catalan Government’s language policy actions are intended to have an impact in the following areas:

1. Access to knowledge of Catalan and language integration 2. Driving the Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme 3. Fostering the use of Catalan 4. Language services for the public

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5. The Government’s sector actions and cross-cutting language policies 6. Interdepartmental plans 7. External promotion 8. Prizes and awards

In the next sections the actions which have taken place in the period covered by this Report, namely 2010, are set out. The tables and graphs that reflect the evolution of the most significant data in each field can be found in the final chapter about assessment indicators.

1. Access to knowledge of Catalan and language integration

1.1. The Parla.cat online Catalan course

The Parla.cat virtual learning environment was made available to the public on 4 October 2008. The General Directorate for Language Policy (the Language Policy Secretariat until December 2010) and the Ramon Llull Institute, an institution tasked with promoting and spreading Catalan language and culture abroad, are joint owners of the product which they run in conjunction with the Consortium for Language Normalisation.

The goal of this environment is to provide access to Catalan language learning for people who want to use a distance-learning approach in an environment that facilitates interaction with other students and at the same time brings them closer to the specific cultural reference points of the Catalan linguistic community.

The teaching part of Parla.cat is organised into four learning levels (basic, elementary, intermediate and proficiency), which correspond to levels A2, B1, B2 and C1 in the Council of Europe’s Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Each level is divided into three courses.

From an educational standpoint, Parla.cat online courses are based on a communicative approach. They are designed to facilitate complete learning of Catalan and to promote the independence of the learner and their ability to think about the learning process. In addition to the courses, the

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Learners can choose between two types of learning: self-access or tutored. The General Directorate for Language Policy runs the self-access option, while the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the Ramon Llull Institute provide the tutored alternative.

As head of Parla.cat, the General Directorate for Language Policy coordinates the actions of all the organisations involved in the project. In 2010 and as administrator of the self-access option, it has maintained the platform and enhanced services for users by improving communication areas, updating statistics, bringing in new resources for the Rambla virtual (Virtual Boulevard) and classroom notice boards and dealing with users’ queries. In addition to this maintenance work, it has also monitored the development of teaching materials for the proficiency level. As a result on 15 April 2010 the last of the 12 courses offered by Parla.cat, proficiency 3, was made available to the public.

The learning environment offers a personalised care service whose mission is to address technical enquiries about the operating environment made by users of the platform. In 2010 the service has received a total of 2,675 consultations, distributed as follows: 2,131 via the website, 349 by e-mail and 195 by phone. This service refers queries that are outside its remit to the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Consortium for Language Normalisation and/or the Ramon Llull Institute as appropriate.

As regards the number of users, in 2010 38,739 people have enrolled with the learning environment. In the same period, 22,537 have regularly followed the course or courses for which they have enrolled while the rest have made occasional use of Parla.cat’s supplementary tools and resources, such as the Gramàtica general (General Grammar) and the Rambla virtual. The number of Parla.cat registered users has progressively and consistently increased right from day one. Thus in its first three months in 2008, 10,097 users signed up for the platform, in 2009 27,345 people registered for the first time with Parla.cat and this year the number of new enrolments is 38,739. Hence the total number of people on 31 December 2010 who have used the Parla.cat environment since it was launched on 4 October 2008 is 76,181.

The number of new users registered with the Parla.cat platform in 2010 compared with the total number since the application was launched:

New registered users in 2010 38,379

Total number of registered users 76,181

(See table 2.6.5 in chapter VI.)

Turning to the gender variable, 38% of total registered users are men and 62% women, while by age approximately 82% of users are aged between 15 and 45 and the most numerous age group is between 20 and 30.

Another significant statistic is the number of visits to the website this year. According to figures from Google Analytics, Parla.cat has received 610,816 visits in 2010, an average of 1,670 visits a day. This means that in 2010 it has received 70% more visits than in the previous year.

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Visits in 2010

Daily visits

As regards the geographical origin of visits, there have been connections from 149 different countries. The top 10 places in the list are: Spain, France, the United States, Italy, Germany, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Brazil and Colombia.

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Visitors in 2010

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To assess the product’s impact and the opinions of its users, Parla.cat includes an assessment questionnaire to be filled in voluntarily. Learners give their quantitative and qualitative ratings of aspects such as the functioning of the learning environment and its communication tools, content quality, ease of use, the platform’s degree of interactivity, the learning experience, etc. In 2010 learners have expressed positive views about the product, giving it an average score of 4 out of 5.

Intensive use has also been made of the Forum communication tool in the self-access option, with a total of 606 new discussions this year. In the Forum users carry out the collaborative activities on the course, they set up work and conversation groups that help and stimulate them and seek out strategies to make up for the absence of a tutor. In this respect, it is increasingly common, especially at the higher levels, that students correct each other, thus creating a knowledge community that actively contributes to collective learning. The tool also allows the exchange of learning experiences, so that people have been learning for longer can share their strategies with new learners.

Turning to actions taken to publicise the environment in 2010, the General Directorate for Language Policy has presented Parla.cat to various groups, including for example six presentations for Catalan Employment Service partner centre officers and awareness sessions at the Colombian Consulate and at the Font Nova Institute in Perpignan, among others. In addition, 20,000 information leaflets have been published in Catalan. Parla.cat’s presentation was one of the key events at the Paris Expolangues fair in February 2010 when a number of presentations and talks took place.

In addition to the presentations, a film report has also been made portraying the experience of learners around the world in the Parla.cat learning environment which was broadcast on TV3 on 26 July. The report also featured a CPNL tutor. The Parla.cat user’s guide, which gives a brief summary of how the portal works and what can be found there, has also been distributed in 2010.

Turning to the tutored Parla.cat courses, a total of 345 learners have been attended to in 2010. The CPNL, whose teaching programmes are addressed to people living in the Catalan language area, has organised a total of twenty groups of students at basic, elementary, intermediate and proficiency levels. For its part, the Ramon Llull Institute, which runs learning programmes for people outside the Catalan linguistic domain, has run a total of 13 groups of students at the basic and elementary levels. Four of these groups have been open to the general public. The rest are part of a type of blended learning that the Institute has taught at the following universities: Nova de Lisboa (Lisbon, Portugal), University of California, San Diego (La Jolla, United States), Univerzitet U Beogradu (Belgrade, Serbia) and the Université de Montréal (Montreal, Canada).

Furthermore, under the terms of the cooperation agreement between the Catalan Government and the Association of Catalan Notaries designed to foster the joint promotion of the use of Catalan in the field of notaries, the Association of Catalan Notaries has offered its members online Parla.cat tutored

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Catalan courses. A total of 102 notaries signed up for the basic 3 and intermediary 3 levels (5 for basic 3 and 97 for intermediate 3).

The Consortium for Language Normalisation and the Ramon Llull Institute have also conducted outreach activities to promote the Parla.cat learning environment. The Consortium has held a total of 19 presentations throughout the country in a range of locations and for different media outlets. As for the Institute, its presentations have taken place at the Expolangues fair in Paris, The Language Show in London and at the ExpoLingua fair in Berlin. Training sessions have also been held for future teachers in Barcelona, Morella and at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom.

In 2010 Catalan universities, coordinated by the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca (CUR – Universities and Research Coordinating Committee) and in partnership with the General Directorate for Language Policy, have run 26 tutored Parla.cat courses: 6 intermediate courses at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, 2 elementary courses at Barcelona Tech (UPC) University and 18 basic and elementary courses at Rovira i Virgili University. In November 2010 16 new university tutors were trained from the International University of Catalonia, Barcelona Tech (UPC) University, Pompeu Fabra University, Ramon Llull University, Rovira i Virgili University, the University of Girona and the University of Lleida. This training has been given by the Consortium for Language Normalisation (hereinafter the CPNL), in partnership with the General Directorate for Language Policy and the CUR.

1.2. Language teaching for adults in Catalonia: the Consortium for Language Normalisation

The Catalan language teaching for adults run by the Consortium for Language Normalisation is diverse and adapts to the needs of a continuously growing demand, with more courses, more agents and the publishing of specific materials. The progressive implementation of the new programme, now also available at proficiency level, and the design of tests adapted to it are examples of the CPNL’s ongoing effort to improve the quality of the teaching it offers based on the European benchmark, the methodology and contents of the Council of Europe’s Common European Framework of Reference: Learning, Teaching, Assessment.

1.2.1. Face-to-face and blended learning courses

During the 2009-2010 academic year the CPNL has offered a total of 4,806 Catalan courses for adults with 127,807 enrolments, of which 117,608 have enrolled for face-to-face and blended learning courses, 1,025 have signed up for self-access centres and 9,174 have done distance-learning courses.

The figure for enrolled students in 2009-2010 who completed the course stands at 74% while 26% dropped out.

One of the Consortium for Language Normalisation’s challenges is reducing the drop-out rate in basic level courses.

The chart below illustrates the change in the number of people enrolled on Catalan courses for adults (2005-2010).

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Change in the number of people enrolled on Catalan courses run by the Consortium for Language Normalisation. 2005-2010

140,000 126,430 127,807

120,000 111,335

100,000 91,142 77,987 80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

These courses are designed to increase learners’ communicative skills and therefore their ability to understand and speak or write taking into account their level of learning.

Blended learning courses combine the student going to class (approximately 50% of the length of the course) and self-directed learning using specific support materials.

The total number of enrolments for CPNL Catalan courses from 1990-1991 to 2009-2010 has been 1,229,132. Spectacular growth in enrolments began in the 2000-2001 academic year, in this case associated with a far-reaching change in Catalan courses for adults due to the appearance of students born abroad, especially in the CPNL’s beginners’ and basic courses.

Number of Catalan courses by level (2006-2010)

In line with the trend in recent years, in the 2009-2010 academic year a major effort has been made to ramp up beginners’ and basic Catalan language teaching. Support from government has made it possible for the courses run by the Consortium to reach their main target audiences.

In total 3,017 Catalan courses have been run at the beginners’ and basic levels.

It should be borne in mind that the high numbers of students at beginners’ and basic levels are due to actions carried out as part of language integration plans.

Change in CPNL face-to-face and blended learning courses. 2005-2010

Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Beginners' and 1,874 2,298 2,865 3,082 3,017 basic Elementary 350 397 416 416 446 Intermediate 500 519 588 602 612 Proficiency 392 443 493 531 556 Higher and other 115 166 220 212 175

Total 3,231 3,823 4,582 4,843 4,806

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The chart shows that even though the biggest increase has taken place in beginners’ and basic courses, there has also been a rise in the number of elementary, intermediate and proficiency courses being run.

Number of CPNL Catalan courses by level. Academic year 2009-2010

3,500 3,017 3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000 612 556 446 500 175

0 Beginners’ Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Higher and basic and other

Enrolments on Catalan courses (2006-2010) by levels

The number of enrolments for beginners’ and basic courses shows the interest of new arrivals in Catalonia, to the point where in 2009-2010 they account for 87.5% of enrolled students. In absolute terms, in the 2009-2010 academic year there have been 78,776 enrolments for beginners’ and basic level courses run by the CPNL.

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Change in the number of enrolments for Catalan courses for adults run by the CPNL by levels. 2005-2010 Percentage change 2008- Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010 Beginners' and basic 43,439 53,618 68,243 79,061 78,776 -0.40% Elementary 6,629 7,148 7,620 8,303 9,700 16.80% Intermediate 13,908 14,602 16,110 17,628 17,869 1.40% Proficiency 11,674 12,922 14,953 16,774 17,825 6.30% Other 2,337 2,8524,409 4,664 3,637 -22.00%

Total 77,987 91,142 111,335 126,430 127,807 1.10%

The origins of these students are much the same as in previous years, with the largest group being from South America. There is also a large number of Africans. (See section 1.7.2, “Language integration for newcomers”.)

Origin of enrolled students for beginners’ and basic levels. Academic year 2009-2010

Country of origin Percentage

European Union 9.20% Non-EU Europe 3.10% USA and Canada 0.30%

Central America, Mexico and Caribbean 8.80% South America 46.30% North Africa 13.80% Rest of Africa 10.60% Asia 7.80% Oceania 0.04%

A significant change in the origin of the students at the beginners’ and basic levels, and also on elementary courses, has been the progressive rise in the numbers of people born abroad.

In the 2005-2006 academic year 40.2% of people doing elementary courses had been born abroad, while in 2009-2010 they accounted for 56.9%.

Origin of total enrolled students, percentage. Academic year 2009-2010

Country of origin Percentage Catalonia 21% Rest of Spain 13% Foreign 64%

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Percentage of enrolments on CPNL Catalan courses by country of origin. Academic year 2009- 2010

Catalonia 0% 6% 4% Rest of Spain 20% 6% European Union

Non-EU Europe

8% USA and Canada

South and Central America, Mexico and Caribbean North Africa

15% Rest of Africa

Asia

Oceania

DK/DA 7% 32% 2% 0%

Distance learning

Distance Catalan courses combine self-directed learning, personalised advice (using tutorials), group work at the levels that require it (through classroom sessions) and learning materials.

9,174 students have done distance learning courses in the 2009-2010 academic year.

Change in enrolments for CPNL courses by type. 2008-2010

2008-2009 2009-2010 Percentage change

Face-to-face and blended 114,900 117,608 2.40% learning Distance 10,004 9,174 -8.30% Other 1,526 1,025 -32.80% Total 126,430 127,807 1.10%

Self-access centres

Another important resource when it comes to providing facilities for learning Catalan is the Catalan self-access centres. This type of learning is addressed to learners who have a degree of independence in their learning processes.

At present there are some ninety Catalan self-access centres which are mostly to be found in Catalonia and the Catalan linguistic area. Most of these centres have been set up in partnership with the General Directorate for Language Policy, which supervises and coordinates them as well as providing the learning materials and support. Institutions which have a Catalan self-access centre include universities, the Consortium for Language Normalisation, secondary schools run by the Department of Education, official language schools, adult education schools, correctional facilities, etc.

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The Consortium for Language Normalisation provides services and resources for self-study of the language through its network of open centres and services. In the 2009-2010 academic year, 15 open centres and services have delivered self-access learning: Barcelona (two), El Vendrell, Manlleu, Sabadell, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Tarragona, Terrassa, Figueres, Igualada, Montcada i Reixac, Olot, Roses, Santa Perpètua de Mogoda and Solsona.

In the 2009-2010 academic year a total of 1,025 students have studied Catalan independently in a self-access centre.

Certificates

The certificates issued by the CPNL are officially equivalent to the certificates of the General Directorate for Language Policy.

Change in approved CPNL Catalan certificates by levels. 2005-2010

Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Basic level 3,440 3,798 4,227 5,805 7,265 Elementary level 1,474 1,809 1,907 2,424 2,639 Intermediate level 3,259 3,372 3,158 5,186 5,752

Proficiency level 3,251 3,796 3,153 5,774 5,938

Advanced level 546 640 1,142 1,345 1,225 TOTAL 11,970 13,415 13,587 20,534 22,819

Consortium for Language General Directorate for Common Normalisation Language Policy European Framework of Reference B3 Basic Catalan Basic Catalan Certificate (A A2 Certificate basic) E3 Elementary Catalan Elementary Catalan B1 Certificate Certificate (A elementary) I3 Intermediate Catalan Intermediate Catalan B2 Certificate Certificate (B) P3 Proficiency Catalan Proficiency Catalan C1 Certificate Certificate (C) Table showing equivalence between certificates

In addition to approved certificates (that are deemed to be equivalent to the certificates issued by the General Directorate for Language Policy) the CPNL also issues non-approved certificates which in addition to demonstrating knowledge also enable students to move on to the next stage of learning.

1.3 Other training actions promoted by the Government

The Government of Catalonia also sponsors a range of other activities to foster knowledge and use of Catalan.

 Xerrem (Let’s Talk) Programme

The Xerrem programme, set up under an agreement signed in 2009 between the Department of Social Welfare and Family Affairs (the Department of Social Action and Citizenship until December 2010) and the Associations for the Language Coordinating Committee. This programme is geared towards immigrants who want to speak Catalan with greater fluency. The initiative is also open to

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IV. The actions of the Government immigrant organisations from all over Catalonia in order to set up new conversation groups and fit out facilities where gatherings can be held.

Enrolment in the groups is free. On average they are made up of eight people who meet on a weekly basis to improve their fluency when speaking Catalan. They talk about everyday topics and are guided by one or two facilitators, volunteers who are responsible for steering the discussions. The participants talk among themselves and in small groups through asking questions and answering them. The idea is similar to the language volunteers programme but with a group approach.

Efforts are made to set up conversation groups at different times to enable people to take part depending on their availability.

By the end of 2010 there were 63 active “Xerrem” groups, which have met at 39 places around Catalonia and brought together 455 people, 176 of whom are immigrants.

Under this agreement, throughout the year this project has been publicised among immigrants and local people alike. The dissemination actions undertaken in 2010 have consisted of talks, meetings, leaflets, posters, drawing up and publishing news items in the Secretariat for Immigration newsletter and giving interviews to radio stations.

 Lletres per a tothom (Letters for All) programme

Lletres per a tothom, initiated in the last quarter of 2009, aims to teach illiterate foreign adults who have difficulty accessing adult education schools and classrooms how to read and write in Catalan. The goal is to reach the minimum level required for access to the CNL’s beginners’ Catalan courses.

In 2010 courses have continued to be taught in towns where it has been possible to form uniform groups. 39 courses have been run with a total of 130 hours and 587 students.

The classes are usually taught in the schools attended by the children of the students doing the programme at times when the children are in school as a way of bringing newcomer families closer to the educational environment.

The programme is an initiative of the Department of Social Welfare and Family Affairs (the Department of Social Action and Citizenship until December 2010), "la Caixa" Foundation and the Federació d’Associacions Culturals i Educatives de Persones Adultes (FACEPA – Federation of Adult Cultural and Education Associations) in partnership with the Department of Education, the Consortium for Language Normalisation, local councils and organisations.

In addition, the Secretariat for Immigration, in conjunction with the "La Caixa" Foundation and the FACEPA, has drawn up a series of Catalan literacy teaching materials for use with adult foreigners. These materials have helped students learn how to write and have improved their reading comprehension.

 “Educació per la llengua” (Education for the Language) Workshops

In 2010 the Government has run 45 “Educació per la llengua” workshops for schools in Catalonia as part of the Pack Aula Jove (Youth Classroom Pack) programme.

The Pack Aula Jove is an educational programme run by the Secretariat for Youth. Prior to 2009, this programme was known as the Pack Escoles (Schools Pack).

The programme has been partnered by various youth organisations and associations. It consists of a series of educational activities addressed to lower (aged 12-16) and upper (aged 16-18) secondary education students and to students doing vocational training and occupational qualification programmes at state and grant-aided schools around Catalonia. It seeks to provide them with tools for thinking about and analysing various issues connected with their all-round education and personal growth.

The language education workshop is designed to:

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 Raise students’ awareness about humanity’s linguistic heritage and therefore about Catalan.

 Foster the social use of Catalan.

 Break down language prejudices.

 Further the Quedem? (Shall we meet?) programme

The Catalan Government has signed a cooperation agreement with Òmnium Cultural to carry out the Quedem? programme.

Quedem? is a social cohesion programme. Its activities have focused on enabling people who take part in it to meet and interact while discovering and rediscovering the place where they live. As a result scheduled activities have to comply with the following requirements: the presence of a programme facilitator, the presentation of a dossier outlining the activity, holding a discussion at the end of the visit and handing out an assessment questionnaire for the activity.

It is not a programme designed to teach people from other backgrounds about the customs and traditions of Catalonia, but rather it seeks to create a meeting place for community living, understanding and mutual respect. The programme is organised by Òmnium Cultural to enable civil society to provide answers with a commitment to making a critical contribution to improving the country, its language and culture.

The programme is run in seven places around Catalonia (Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Badalona, Osona and El Bages). It has also been run as a pilot scheme in Tarragona, Berga, Igualada and Mataró. From January 2007 to June 2009, Quedem? brought together 13,072 people who took part in 663 cultural and leisure activities.

In the course of 2010 a total of 403 activities have been run which have been attended by 7,565 people in eleven places.

 Aprendre a aprendre (Learning to Learn) programme

In the Aprendre a aprendre programme for social and occupational inclusion, 68% of the people are not Catalan; many of them are referred to formal and conversational training services and centres. The language used for all activities and workshops on the programme is the Catalan.

 Community Development Plans (PDC)

The community development plans aim to prevent and combat social exclusion processes, improve quality of life and foster integrated personal development through social cohesion and structuring activities. These plans are a strategic option for combating exclusion and have three main objectives:

1. Achieve social improvement in neighbourhoods 2. Enhance the self-esteem of people living in the neighbourhood 3. Promote the integration of immigrants

The actions carried out as part of community development plans in the course of 2010 have included Catalan workshops at different levels, literacy teaching, conversation, etc.

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PDC Figueres: beginners’ course and beginners’ course II PDC East Girona: language integration, level A, basic level PDC Olot: Voluntariat per la llengua PDC Tàrrega: Lletres per a tothom PDC City of Manresa: literacy teaching PDC Escodines de Manresa: newcomers literacy teaching, Catalan for work, advanced level PDC Flix: Catalan newcomers PDC Western Tarragona: introduction and conversation PDC Besòs Maresme de Barcelona: language pairs. Besòs Maresme: conversation (introduction) and introduction to reading and writing PDC Casc Antic de Barcelona: specific skills training for finding work PDC Les Corts de Barcelona: Voluntariat per la llengua PDC Poble Nou de Barcelona: Catalan language and community classes, beginners’ level, level B1 and level B2 PDC Trinitat de Barcelona: partnering language normalisation PDC La Pau de Badalona: introductory Catalan courses PDC Llefià de Badalona: conversation and reading and writing courses PDC Pomar de Badalona: introduction to Catalan courses PDC Camps Blancs de Sant Boi de Llobregat: courses for adults and training for mothers in Parents’ Associations PDC Cerdanyola de Mataró: language pairs PDC El Pinar de Rubí: introductory Catalan courses PDC City of Sant Sadurní d’Anoia: language integration workshop PDC Badia del Vallès: Xerrem project PDC Can Tusell de Terrassa: Alfabetitza’t (Learn to read and write) PDC Sector 2 de Terrassa: Amigues lectores (Reading friends) PDC El Xup de Manresa: literacy teaching. PDC La Font dels Capellans de Manresa: Acosta’t (Get closer)

The number of users and organisations that have taken part in community development plans has come to 1,114.

 A l’estiu, Barcelona t’acull (Barcelona welcomes you in summer) programme

A l’estiu, Barcelona t’acull is a programme that is designed to give immigrant young people an introduction to Catalan, their new environment and the host society as well as the chance to interact with other young people through training and sports activities together with outings to cultural and civic venues. (See section 1.7.6, “Language integration for newcomers”.)

 Català a l’estiu (Catalan in the summer)

This is a project to reinforce the teaching of Catalan in the summer holidays for students from state and grant-aided primary and secondary schools who have arrived in the country in recent months.

(See section 1.7.6. “Language integration for newcomers”.)

 JOVE.CAT portal

The Government of Catalonia has launched a new online language rights advisory service on the JOVE.CAT portal. The service is designed for young people who are confused about language incidents that have affected them personally or just need information about language issues (excluding queries about spelling, syntax or literature).

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1.4. Ramon Llull Institute

The Ramon Llull Institute is a consortium made up of the Government of Catalonia and the Government of the Balearic Islands whose main goal is the external promotion of Catalan and the culture expressed in this language in all its forms, materials and means of expression together with its dissemination and teaching outside the linguistic domain encompassing all its forms and variants. Through its Language and Universities Section, the Institute promotes the presence, study and learning of Catalan and its reality at universities around the world, fosters research into the Catalan language and Catalan culture, and supports and drives Catalan studies institutions outside Catalan- speaking territories.

The Institute is also the body tasked with assessing knowledge of Catalan outside the linguistic domain, and to that end it organises and runs the examinations for certificates to demonstrate progress made in learning the language and it also regulates and issues certificates.

1.4.1. Catalan studies abroad

In order to promote the teaching of Catalan language, literature and culture at universities and other higher education centres outside the linguistic domain, the Ramon Llull Institute has continued giving grants to universities abroad that offer Catalan language, literature and/or culture studies in their curricula, or which plan to introduce to them, and which need financial support from the Institute in order to maintain or strengthen them. These universities are brought together in the University Network of Catalan Studies Abroad, coordinated by the Ramon Llull Institute since its inception in 2002.

In the 2009-2010 academic year the University Network of Catalan Studies has been made up of 125 universities in 32 countries around the world, of which 96 are in Europe, 23 in the Americas, four in Asia and one in Oceania. Of these, the following have begun Catalan courses this academic year: the University of Munich (Germany), Columbia University (USA), the University of Verona (Italy) and the University of Tehran (Iran).

In the 2009-2010 academic year, a total of 7,049 students have taken Catalan studies courses which is a 3.28% increase over the previous academic year.

Table showing distribution of students and modules by countries

Country Universities Modules Students Country Universities Modules Students Germany 26 165 1,079 India 1 1 17 Argentina 3 7 97 Iran 2 8 28 Australia 1 2 12 Ireland 1 6 56 Austria 3 3 49 Israel 1 7 32 Belgium 1 3 15 Italy 12 50 700 Cameroon 1 2 27 Mexico 2 7 108 Canada 2 9 111 Poland 2 12 144 Croatia 1 20 295 Portugal 1 3 21 Cuba 1 4 27 United 18 78 1,164 Kingdom Spain 4 13 272 Czech 2 18 239 Republic United 12 51 363 Romania 1 14 305 States Estonia 1 3 19 Russia 2 10 46 Finland 1 2 10 Serbia 1 7 243 France 14 63 1,032 Switzerland 2 9 133 Holland 1 4 37 Uruguay 1 2 16 Hungary 2 26 207 Chile 2 7 145

Total 125 616 7,049

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Turning to the types of modules taught at the various universities, there have been no significant changes in distribution compared with previous years. Catalan language modules make up 69% of total teaching, while the remaining 31% is divided between literature, culture and translation and to a lesser extent linguistics.

As for the 2010-2011 academic year, after the examination of the interest and viability of the applications and based on budgetary availability, agreements have been reached to start teaching the Catalan language and/or its literature at the University of Leipzig (Germany), the University of Colorado at Boulder (United States) and the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom). A cooperation agreement has also been signed with the University of Hosei, Tokyo, to begin teaching there in early 2011. Funding for Catalan studies has been withdrawn from the University of Braunschweig, the University of Eichstatt and the University of Munich (Germany), La Trobe University (Australia), Litoral Côte d'Opale University (France) and the University of Swansea (United Kingdom).

This means that during the 2010-2011 academic year, the total number of universities with Catalan studies programmes funded by the Ramon Llull Institute is 123 with the following geographical distribution:

Change in the number of universities by academic years and geographical areas

02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 Europe 71 76 78 81 87 96 96 96 93 America 11 13 13 14 17 24 21 23 24 Asia 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 5 Oceania 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Africa 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 85 93 95 98 107 124 121 125 123

Lectureships and Catalan studies centres

In order to promote studies and research into Catalan language and culture outside its linguistic domain, the Ramon Llull Institute sponsors study centres and visiting Catalan studies lectureships. This leads to cooperation agreements with leading universities abroad to foster research and teaching connected with Catalan studies and/or activities to disseminate its literature and culture.

In 2010 the Institute has provided funding to the Catalan Studies Centre at the University of the Sorbonne in Paris, the Catalan Studies Research Centre at Queen Mary College, University of London, the Ramon Llull Chair at the University of Frankfurt, the Chair in Catalan

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Studies at the University of Chicago, the Ginebre Serra Chair at the University of Stanford, the Salvador Dalí Chair at Brown University, and the Rodoreda Chair in Literature and the Mompou Chair in Music at the Graduate Center at the CUNY in the United States.

1.4.2. Assessment of knowledge of Catalan

The Ramon Llull Institute regulates and issues Catalan certificates outside the linguistic domain and writes the examinations for obtaining them. To that end it holds, runs and assesses the examinations. Thus as part of its remit in 2010 the Institute has held the eighth examination session for Catalan language certificates, announced in resolutions published on 9 March 2010 in the DOGC no. 5583, and in the BOIB no. 38, which specified two examination sessions, the first in May and June and the second in November.

In 2010 1,252 people have enrolled for the examinations, which is a stabilisation of the number of candidates compared with the previous year. The examinations have been held in 76 cities in 32 countries around the world, which means consolidation of the growth in the number of exam venues, and 1,102 candidates have sat them.

Places where Catalan exams have been held. Examinations 2010

Country Town/City Germany Berlin Bochum Frankfurt am Main Hamburg Heidelberg Münster Tübingen Argentina Buenos Aires La Plata Mendoza Paraná Rosario Santa Fe Belgium Brussels Brazil Sao Paulo Canada Montreal Croatia Zadar Cuba Havana Ecuador Quito Spain Granada Madrid Oviedo Salamanca San Sebastián Zaragoza Seville Santiago de Compostela Vitoria United States Gainesville New York Washington DC Estonia Tartu

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France Lyon Lorient Paris Rennes Toulouse Hungary Budapest Szeged India New Delhi Iran Teheran Israel Jerusalem Italy Naples Pisa Rome Sassari Trento Japan Osaka Luxemburg Luxemburg Morocco Tangier Mexico Mexico DF The Netherlands Amsterdam Paraguay Asunción Poland Krakow Poznan United Kingdom Birmingham Cambridge Canterbury Exeter Glasgow Lancaster Leeds Liverpool London Manchester Oxford Swansea Czech Republic Brno Romania Bucarest Russia Moscow Saint Petersburg Serbia Belgrade Switzerland Freiburg Zurich Uruguay Montevideo Chile Santiago de Chile

The breakdown of candidates by levels, as shown by the percentage breakdown in the figure below, is 462 at basic level, 256 at elementary level, 148 at intermediate level, 200 at proficiency level and 36 at advanced.

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869 of the 1,102 candidates passed their examinations (391 at basic level, 229 at elementary level, 134 at intermediate level, 100 at proficiency level and 15 at advanced level), which is a pass rate of 78.86%. The percentage breakdown by levels is as follows:

Exam results by levels

Basic Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Advanced TOTAL Passes 84.63% 89.45% 90.54% 50% 41.67% 78.86% Fails 10.37% 10.55% 9.46% 50% 58.33% 21.14%

1.4.3. Training for teachers

In the course of 2010, the Ramon Llull Institute has carried out a range of actions geared towards boosting the teaching skills of teachers specialising in teaching Catalan as a foreign language who work at universities and other educational centres outside the linguistic domain. It has continued to provide advice to Catalan language and literature teachers who work in universities and other centres outside the linguistic domain and a number of training activities have been laid on.

24th International Conference for Teachers of Catalan

The Ramon Llull Institute has organised the 24th International Conference for Teachers of Catalan which is a venue for meeting, discussion and reflection about the experiences of Catalan language and culture teachers at universities around the world and has become a forum for channelling and sharing the projects and resources of teachers and putting forward new strategies. Entitled “Variació Lingüística i Cultura en l’Ensenyament del Català com a Llengua Estrangera” (Language and Culture Variation in the Teaching of Catalan as a Foreign Language), the conference took place at the University of Girona from 19 to 21 July 2010 and was attended by more than 90 teachers from universities, Catalan centres and other organisations in Spain and in other countries around the world.

The conference programme featured an opening presentation, “Com es fa una sintaxi normativa. Criteris i exemples” (How to create a normative syntax: criteria and examples), by Joan Solà, Vice- President of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans and Emeritus Professor of Catalan Linguistics at the University of Barcelona, together with workshops about teaching Catalan as a foreign language by lecturers Olga Esteve, from Pompeu Fabra University, and Mar Gutiérrez-Colón, from Rovira i Virgili University, and the treatment of culture in teaching abroad by Glòria Bordons, a lecturer at the University of Barcelona. There was also a panel discussion about dialectology featuring professors Jaume Corbera, from the University of the Balearic Islands, Josefina Carrera, from the University of

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Barcelona, Sandra Montserrat, from the University of Alacant, Miquel Àngel Pradilla, from Rovira i Virgili University, and Nikola Vuletić, from the University of Zadar (Croatia).

Workshop for UK-based Catalan tutors

In November, the Ramon Llull Institute and Manchester University held the Workshop for UK-based Catalan Tutors, a training and discussion workshop for Catalan teachers at universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland focusing on online learning and the use of technological resources in learning Catalan as a foreign language. The event took place at Manchester University and featured Jocelyn Wyburd, Director of the Languages Centre, Professor of Catalan Studies Adrià and other lecturers in the Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies at the University.

Training course for teaching Catalan as a foreign language

The Ramon Llull Institute, the Valencian Academy of Language and the Vives University Network have organised the first training course for teaching Catalan as a foreign language. It was held at Vinaròs and Morella from 15 to 17 October 2010 to help train future teachers of Catalan in universities abroad. Attendees took part in working sessions based on three theoretical blocks: language and territory, the use of geolinguistic variation in language teaching; language and teaching materials, multimedia tools and resources for language learning abroad; and language and teaching, teaching strategies for teaching foreign languages.

Catalan as a foreign language: tools and strategies

The Ramon Llull Institute has partnered the Autonomous University of Barcelona to organise the sixth Catalan as a foreign language: tools and strategies teacher training course, held from 5 to 9 July and attended by 35 people. The course looked at issues such as scheduling courses and managing Catalan as a foreign language classes, the analysis of materials available on the Internet and working with ICT, task-based teaching, multilingualism in the classroom, reviewing and creating teaching materials and assessing acquisition of Catalan as a foreign language.

1.4.4. Programmes for students

Conferences and educational visits

The Ramon Llull Institute promotes partnerships with organisations which run teaching activities for people who are educated outside the Catalan linguistic domain in order to enhance their learning.

 9th Catalan Language University Campus

In 2010, the Ramon Llull Institute has organised, in conjunction with the Government of Andorra, the 9th Catalan Language University Campus. This campus is aimed at non-Catalan speakers to enable them to increase their knowledge of Catalan and integrate into the social fabric and natural context of Majorca, Catalonia and Andorra over three weeks of linguistic immersion. This ninth edition, held in Majorca, Andorra and Girona between 24 July and 14 August, was attended by 30 people doing Catalan studies at universities outside the linguistic domain in 16 different countries (Germany, Argentina, Canada, Slovakia, Spain, the United States, France, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Romania, Russia and Serbia). They did 30-hour elementary or intermediate level Catalan courses as well as courses on different aspects of Catalan culture.

 22nd International Catalan Language and Culture Congress. – Terres de l’Ebre

Support has also been given to the 22nd International Catalan Language and Culture Congress (Gironella – Terres de l’Ebre), which began with participants staying in Gironella from 15 to 27 August followed by moving to Masdenverge (Terres de l’Ebre) until 5 September. Two levels of Catalan were taught (elementary and intermediate), and talks, activities and visits were organised to round off the cultural offering. The Congress was attended by 21 people from 12 countries (Germany, Croatia, Spain, Ecuador, France, Israel, Morocco, Poland, the United Kingdom, Romania, Serbia and Sweden).

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Funding and grant awards

The Ramon Llull Institute has continued to run its programme of grants for students of Catalan designed to help them attend Catalan language courses in the language domain. It has made available two types of funding.

Firstly, it has given 43 grants totalling €46,300 to students from outside the language domain so they can attend courses about the Catalan language and related issues. The grants are designed to meet part of the students’ travel and accommodation costs and enrolment fees for learning activities laid on by institutions and organisations in Catalan-speaking areas. Secondly, three grants totalling €15,000 have been given to attend postgraduate, doctoral or master’s courses about Catalan language, culture and/or literature at state universities in Catalan-speaking areas. In addition, as part of the training activities run by the Ramon Llull Institute in partnership with other institutions, the Institute has also offered 10 free enrolments to students who would like to attend the Catalan Language University Campus.

1.4.5. Teaching resources

Throughout the year, the Ramon Llull Institute has advised teachers specialising in teaching Catalan as a foreign language who work in universities abroad. It has also supported several actions aimed at promoting quality and innovation in teaching and learning Catalan language and culture.

The Institute has helped to develop and launch Parla.cat, the online Catalan course resulting from a cooperation agreement with the General Directorate for Language Policy in the Government of Catalonia. In 2010 work on drawing up course content has been continued, the second and third courses at proficiency level have been made available to the public and further work has been done on improving the functionalities of the platform. In lockstep, the Ramon Llull Institute has also presented Parla.cat at several universities and language fairs which it has attended: Expolangues in Paris, The Language Show in London and Expolingua in Berlin.

The second call has been made for the award of subsidies for innovative teaching projects with the aim of encouraging research groups in universities abroad to set up pilot projects whose purpose is to develop proposals for innovation in teaching Catalan as a foreign language and Catalan culture. This year a grant has been awarded to the Bonprofit.org project, a website for teachers who want to use cuisine as a starting point for learning Catalan which is run by Jordi Gimeno (University of Szeged).

As part of promoting the use of communication technologies in teaching Catalan as a foreign language, the Xarxallull.cat platform has been consolidated as a virtual secretary for teachers in the Network which has also become a forum for sharing teaching experiences and cultural and academic activities, and the Català Llengua Estrangera: Recursos per a la innovació en CLE (Catalan Foreign Language: resources for innovation in CFL) blog, for finding out about, discussing and contributing new perspectives in language teaching. In addition, the 4cats project, which consists of 20 videos intended for university students of Catalan living outside the linguistic domain, has been put on the Llull.tv platform together with a number of tools that facilitate their use in classrooms, including transcriptions of the dialogues, subtitles, grammar sections, vocabulary information, etc.

1.4.6. Promoting Catalan studies

The Ramon Llull Institute is tasked with supporting Catalan studies entities which bring together Catalan language and literature scholars and experts who have been educated or reside outside the linguistic domain.

In order to maintain the framework for cooperation in the implementation and promotion of the activities of each association, offer them support in carrying out their projects and encourage them to put in place new ones, the Ramon Llull Institute has signed the annual addenda for 2010 to the framework partnership agreements with the following international Catalan studies associations: the Anglo-Catalan Society, the Association Française des Catalanistes, the Deutschen Katalanistenverbands e.V., the Associazione Italiana di Studi Catalani, the North American Catalan Society, the International Catalan Language and Literature Association and the Federació

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Internacional d’Associacions de Catalanística (FIAC - International Federation of Catalan Studies Associations).

Under the terms of these agreements, funding has been given to each association to enable them to carry out activities connected with Catalan studies, such as holding symposiums, talks and conferences, publishing the proceedings of congresses, journals and yearbooks, awarding funding, grants or prizes for research work or studies about Catalan topics, etc., in order to promote long-term initiatives and projects.

1.4.7. Dissemination activities

Academic and cultural activities at universities

Over the course of 2010 the Ramon Llull Institute has supported the organisation of academic and cultural activities to promote and spread knowledge of Catalan language and culture at universities abroad through financing or co-financing projects put forward by the universities. The goals of these activities are diverse, as are the formats used: adding to curriculum-based learning, exploring specific issues based on the interests of students and the research work being done by the various departments and spreading Catalan culture with a more recreational approach.

In addition to supporting academic and cultural activities organised by the universities, the IRL has also organised its own events such as the seminars given by Professor Sebastià Bonet from the University of Barcelona at several Italian universities and the visit paid by the writer Carme Riera to Cuba through the Chair of Catalan Culture at the University of Havana.

Mention should also be made of the increase in activities organised jointly by more than one university, such as the lectures given by the writer Mercè Ibarz at several French universities and the concert by the group Manel at Glasgow and Manchester universities. These activities are an example of the good coordination between the university authorities, who have been able to strengthen the relationship between the universities involved and optimise the resources used.

Specifically, cultural activities have been run at the following universities: Free University of Berlin University of Naples Federico II University of Kiel University of Trento University of Cologne University of Sàsser University of Tübingen University of the Basque Country University of Saarbrücken University of Poznan University of Montreal University of Newcastle University of Zadar University of Durham University of Brown University of Glasgow University of Missouri Queen Mary College, University of London University of Georgetown University of Birmingham University of Santiago de Compostela University of Oxford University of Tartu University of Liverpool University of Paris III University of Belgrade University of Hankuk University of Freiburg University of Lyon II University of Krakow University of Saint Étienne University of Florida University of Reims University of Havana University of Lille 3 University of Lisbon University of Amsterdam National University of the Littoral University of Szeged University of Sheffield University of Milan University of Venice Oriental Studies University of Naples University of Roma III La Sapienza University of Rome

Opening of the academic year

On 20 September 2010 the University of Lleida was the venue for the opening of the 2010-2011 academic year for Catalan language studies at universities abroad organised by the Ramon Llull

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Institute and the Vives University Network. Professor Anna Sawicka, from the Jagiellonian University of Krakow, delivered the inaugural lecture, entitled “Els murs de l’espai sobreïxen de blau. El combat per la bellesa en la poesia de Màrius Torres”.

Language fairs

Expolangues Paris 2010

In 2010 Catalan was the guest of honour at the 28th Expolangues language and teaching fair in Paris, under the institutional slogan “Le catalan, la langue de 10 millions d’Européens”, held in Paris from 3 to 6 February. There was an exhibition at the main stand about the past and present of Catalan in all Catalan language territories and about the use of the language in the various spheres of society. The exhibition was supplemented by a very varied programme of cultural presentations and activities performed in the auditorium at the stand, including some beginners’ Catalan classes in La Classe. In addition, the participation of Catalan as the guest language meant a series of lectures and roundtables that took place in five rooms adjoining the fair facility (Salle Andorra, Salle Illes Balears, Salle Catalunya, Salle País Valencià and Salle L’Alguer).

Expolingua Berlin 2010

From 19 to 21 November 2010 the Ramon Llull Institute attended the 22nd Expolingua Berlin, an international language and culture fair designed to present language learning options and provide information about the cultures, languages and education programmes in different countries to visitors who are interested in language learning and to sector professionals alike. This year the Institute has focussed on promoting Catalan language and culture for students of Catalan at German universities and the general public who came along to its stand, where it also distributed informative material about Catalan language and culture as well as information about schools where Catalan can be studied in Germany.

The Language Show 2010

Catalan has been present for the fourth time at the international language fair The Language Show, held in London on 15, 16 and 17 October 2010 at the Earls Court trade fair venue in London. Activities related with Catalan language and culture were run at the Ramon Llull Institute’s stand, including a beginners’ Catalan class given by the Catalan lecturer at Queen Mary College, University of London, which was attended by 50 people. A number of documentaries were also screened, informative material about Catalan language and culture was given out to visitors, and information was provided about the 21 universities where Catalan can be studied in the United Kingdom.

1.4.8. Ramon Llull Foundation

The Ramon Llull Foundation is an international institutional organisation which seeks to drive the study, promotion and defence of Catalan language and culture and promote their visibility abroad. It also ensures compliance with language legislation, in partnership with other public and private agencies and organisations, and helps support the activities of the Ramon Llull Institute Consortium that coincide with the objectives of the Foundation. (See section 7.2.2. in chapter IV).

1.5. Certification of knowledge of Catalan by the General Directorate for Language Policy

The issue of Catalan certificates to provide accreditation for people who could not study Catalan at school or who have come to Catalonia after completing their education is managed by the General Directorate for Language Policy. The exams are open to anyone aged 16 or over, or who turns 16 during the year of the exam session, of any nationality who wishes to demonstrate their knowledge of Catalan outside formal education.

Decree 152/2001, dated 29 May, on testing and certification of knowledge of Catalan (DOGC no. 3406, dated 11 June) establishes and regulates this system of certificates, including the accreditation of five levels of proficiency in Catalan. These levels have been defined according to the reference

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 Certificate of basic level of Catalan (A basic)  Certificate of elementary level of Catalan (A elementary)  Certificate of intermediate level of Catalan (B)  Certificate of proficiency level of Catalan (C)  Certificate of advanced level of Catalan (D)

The exams for General Directorate for Language Policy Catalan certificates are announced each year by means of a resolution that is normally published in the DOGC before the end of January and which sets the conditions and schedule for the whole procedure. The exam sessions in 2010 have been governed by Resolution VCP/173/2010, dated 22 January (DOGC 5558 – 2.2.2010).

Registered Registered Absolute Certificates % difference 2010/2009 2009 2010 difference Basic level 456 335 -121 -26.54% Elementary level 386 573 187 48.45% Intermediate level 2,073 2,059 -14 -0.67% Proficiency level 6,134 5,837 -297 -4.84% Advanced level 3,113 3,621 508 16.32% Total 12,162 12,425 263 2.16%

2010 has seen a continuation of the upward trend in registrations, with the number of people putting their names down to do exams for the Catalan certificates issued by the General Directorate for Language Policy up by 2.16% over 2009. In particular there has been a significant percentage increase in elementary and advanced certificates. As for basic level certificates, in 2009 the number of people doing this exam was up by 64% compared with 2008, which means that even though fewer people signed up to do the exam in 2010, it has nevertheless been one of the years with the highest number of candidates. (See section 1.1. in chapter VI.)

The figures below show the breakdown of registration for the certificates over the last two years.

2009. Breakdown of registration 2010. Breakdown of registration Basic

Basic 3.75% 2.70% Elementary 4.61% Elementary 3.17% Intermediate Advanced Intermediate Advanced 17.04% 29.14% 16.56% 25.60%

Proficiency Proficiency 50.44% 46.99%

The figures for candidates sitting the exam and passes remain much the same as in previous years for each certificate.

Registered % registered / Passes % passes / Certificate Taken 2010 2010 taken 2010 taken

Basic 335 222 66,27 165 74.32%

Elementary 573 393 68,59 293 74.55%

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Intermediate 2,059 1,477 71,73 1,202 81.38%

Proficiency 5,837 4,014 68,77 1,686 42.00%

Advanced 3,621 2,253 62,22 734 32.58%

12,425 8,359 67,28 4,080 48.81%

Training examiners and markers

In order to adjust the number of examiners and markers for the various certificates to the continued increase in the number of people registering to do the exams since 2006, the following training has been provided:

 Basic and elementary: training in oral assessment. 44 people for each level  Intermediate: training in written assessment. 20 people  Proficiency: training in oral assessment. 33 people  Advanced: training in oral assessment. 33 people

The objectives of the training are to know and understand the assessment standards for the oral exam and practice applying them to real oral and written samples to ensure that marking is reliable and uniform.

Training for the basic, elementary and proficiency certificates was at a distance with a final evaluation session. Training for the intermediate and advanced levels was given face-to-face.

The quality control system for the examinations. The Association of Language Testers in Europe

The Government of Catalonia, through the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Ramon Llull Institute, is represented in the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE), an association that brings together European organisations that produce exams and issue certificates of language knowledge. Currently it has 34 members representing 27 European languages and more than 40 affiliated agencies.

ALTE’s main objectives are, firstly, to establish common levels of language proficiency for all the organisations and, secondly, to establish common quality standards for all the processes involved in drawing up, administering, marking and assessing examinations, analyse the examinations as measuring instruments, and communicate with the various groups involved in the assessment process (candidates, exam developers, markers, assessors, people who administer the exams, teachers, people who have used the results of an exam to make decisions, etc.). Only by ensuring a good performance of the assessment process is it possible to obtain high quality exams.

Consequently the members of ALTE have drawn up and adopted a Code of Practice that sets out the standards that members must meet and establishes the conditions under which they operate. These standards seek to achieve convergence on assessment practice and be a statement to exam users (candidates, people who make decisions based on the exam results, teachers, etc.) of what they can expect in terms of the quality of the assessment and the objectivity of results.

This code involves the implementation by member organisations of best practice principles and processes to achieve the standards together with a commitment to submit to formal external audit and use a quality control system based on plans for continuous improvement.

After passing the audit held in 2009 for intermediate and proficiency exams, work has continued on improving assessment processes. It has focused primarily on reviewing and improving the content of examinations, reviewing and improving exam marking processes and documents used for exam result information and review procedures for candidates, and on improving statistics used to analyse exam performance so as to achieve more appropriate and accurate evidence. In 2010 work has also been done on simplifying the registration procedure for candidates.

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The fairness of examinations and their quality control systems are, as mentioned above, two of the key objectives of the Association. At its thirty-ninth meeting (Prague, 10-12 November), the theme of the open conference was “Fairness and Quality Management in Language Testing”.

Order of equivalence of Catalan certificates, qualifications and diplomas with Catalan language certificates issued by the General Directorate for Language Policy

In order to establish with utmost transparency and legal security the Catalan language certificates that, in addition to those issued by the DGPL, can be used to demonstrate knowledge of Catalan in personnel selection and placement processes for government jobs in Catalonia, the General Directorate for Language Policy publishes a list of the qualifications, diplomas and certificates that are equivalent to its own in an Order.

The provision which currently regulates equivalencies of Catalan certificates is Order VCP/491/2009, dated 12 November, amended by Order VCP/233/2010, dated 12 April.

The current list of equivalencies in the consolidated version of the Order is published by the DGPL on its website (http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/Llengcat). (See the chapter on “Indicators”.)

1.6. Training for specific groups

1.6.1. Public Administration personnel

Under the new cooperation agreement between the Public Administration School of Catalonia (EAPC) and the CPNL introduced in 2009, the CPNL is in charge of Catalan language training and official certification for Public Administration personnel in Catalonia.

At present the CPNL organises and runs Catalan language training for local government officers and coordinates the Catalan courses run for departments and agencies in the Government of Catalonia and in Spanish Government agencies in partnership with the EAPC.

In 2010, 22 courses for local government staff have been run with 344 people enrolled, along with another 50 courses addressed to other levels of government (Government of Catalonia and the Spanish Government), with a total of 949 people enrolled.

CPNL intermediate and proficiency task-based teaching materials have been adapted to the courses run by the EAPC, and EAPC teachers have been trained how to use these materials in their courses.

1.6.2. Justice Administration staff and legal professionals

The specificities of the Administration of Justice, given the diversity of professional groups who work in it, the different legal systems to which they are subject, their territorial dispersion and their training needs, mean that language training for this staff is best delivered not within the general framework of the Public Administration School of Catalonia but rather by the Centre for Legal Studies and Specialised Training. It also provides the assessment and subsequent certification of knowledge of Catalan. This centre is an independent administrative body attached to the Department of Justice, set up by Act 18/1990, dated 15 November, in order to deliver specialised training and research in the fields of the law and justice.

Accordingly the Department of Justice, through the Centre for Legal Studies, organises, assesses and certifies all the Catalan language courses offered to staff in the Administration of Justice and to professionals in the legal field (lawyers and notaries in 2010) who are enrolled for Catalan courses under the terms of agreements with their professional associations. (More information can be found in section 5.2 of this chapter.)

The indicators for training schemes and accreditation of knowledge of Catalan carried out for staff in the Administration of Justice in 2010 are as follows:

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 Face-to-face Catalan courses: 23 general language and 11 legal language, with a total of 486 people enrolled.

 People enrolled on self-directed learning courses including tutorials with language facilitators: 315 general language and 399 legal language, for which 714 people have enrolled.

 The total number of people enrolled for regular face-to-face and self-directed learning Catalan courses has been 1,200.

 Special training plan for judges, clerks and prosecutors. Letters have been sent to all these groups to offer them the chance to do individualised Catalan classes at the time and place and with the frequency that best suits their availability.

 Drawing up, assessing and regulating Catalan examinations for selection processes for the various bodies in the Administration of Justice: there have been five selection processes and 93 people have been examined.

More information about training courses for Justice Administration staff can be found in chapter VI, “Indicators”.

1.6.3. Health professionals

In 2010, the Southern Metropolitan Regional Management Office of the Catalan Institute of Health, in partnership with the Continuing Education Unit at Bellvitge University Hospital, has run several Catalan language and speciality training courses for health professionals in the area.

They have included two beginners’ courses for newcomer medical residents. These courses have been taken by 59 doctors with more than 70% of them completing the course.

There have also been two speciality language courses:

 1 course for recycling and advanced study of Catalan in the health sector. 48 people enrolled of which 40 have completed the course, in other words, 83%.

 1 course in medical terminology. This course was taken by 28 people, of whom 23 passed it.

In addition to this specific training, other Catalan language training courses have been run for Bellvitge Hospital medical and administrative staff:

 1 basic course for which 24 people enrolled; 14 people have obtained a pass certificate.

 1 intermediate course for which 27 people enrolled; 14 people have obtained a pass certificate.

 2 proficiency courses. 53 people enrolled in the two groups and 24 people have obtained a pass certificate.

 1 course in writing administrative documents. 16 people enrolled for the course and 10 of them passed it.

In total 255 people have signed up for the Bellvitge Hospital Catalan language training plan, of which 168 have received a pass certificate for the level they took.

Similarly, the Northern Metropolitan Regional Management Office of the Catalan Institute of Health has run several Catalan language training courses for professionals in its area. A total of 13 courses have been laid on:

 4 intermediate level courses with a total 82 people enrolled in the various centres, of which 54 have passed.

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 8 proficiency level courses with a total of 152 people enrolled in the various centres, of which 66 have passed.

 2 administrative language courses with 38 people enrolled, all of whom have passed. One of the courses has been for staff at the Metropolitan Regional Management Office of the Catalan Institute of Health.

 1 15-hour course for new immigrants for which 12 people enrolled, with an attendance figure of 80% of those registered. The Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital identified the need for language training for foreign medical personnel who are joining the Catalan health system for the first time. A Catalan language course for these newcomers has been run every year since 2008.

The outcome of these Catalan courses for immigrants has improved over time. Initially the course was scheduled from 3.30 pm to 5 pm, but it was found that many people were unable to come due to their work timetable. As a result class time was changed to from 5 pm to 7.30 pm and this has meant that in 2010 there are more students entitled to receive a final certificate.

Finally, the Department of Health, through the Catalan Health Service, has organised and managed Catalan language and speciality training courses for administrative and technical staff (health professionals and medical evaluators) as follows:

 1 proficiency course for which 20 people enrolled.

 1 course in writing administrative documents for which 26 people enrolled, of which 19 have obtained a pass certificate.

 1 writing course for which 19 people enrolled, of which 12 have passed.

 1 medical language course for which 14 people enrolled, of which 11 have obtained a pass certificate.

 1 proficiency-level Catalan course organised by the Sistema d’Emergències Mèdiques (SEM – Medical Emergencies System) for its staff and for which 11 people enrolled, of which 8 have passed.

1.6.4. Imams

The Directorate General of Religious Affairs promotes training for religious institutions in order to normalise their presence among associations in Catalonia.

In partnership with the Consortium for Language Normalisation, Catalan language courses are run for those religious communities where many members are interested in starting to learn the language. On completion of these courses, certification is awarded that enables students to continue learning in other training centres.

In 2010 the Directorate General of Religious Affairs, in collaboration with the Islamic Cultural Council of Catalonia, has run two Catalan language courses for imams given by the Consortium for Language Normalisation.

1.6.5. Language integration professionals

In compliance with the Government of Catalonia’s Citizenship and Immigration Plan 2009-20012, one of whose strategic lines of action is to foster training for personnel in all areas connected with immigration so as to facilitate and enhance their work, the Secretariat for Immigration has run a number of training schemes for professionals working in the field of language integration.

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The training for language integration professionals has been provided through face-to-face courses, seminars, lectures and workshops.

Face-to-face courses

Standard training activities with a programme that is flexible enough to adapt to the needs of the centre. Their duration may vary depending on the subject. In 2010 courses have been run covering eight different topics which have led to 24 training activities attended by 309 students.

Seminars and lectures

Specific activities in which experts in particular subject areas share their knowledge with attendees. Five different types of activities have been run which have led to 12 training activities attended by 441 students.

Workshops

Training activities with a very specific theme and essentially practical, given by an expert. They do not last more than 10 hours. The workshops have been organised based on 16 different issues which have given rise to 42 training activities which have been attended by 586 people.

 “L’ús de la llengua com a via d’igualtat d’oportunitats” (The use of language as a way of moving towards equal opportunities) workshop. This workshop is run for staff in government and a range of organisations to raise awareness about linguistic diversity, the full normalisation of the Catalan language and the adoption of Catalan as the common language of all people living in Catalonia. In 2010 one of these workshops has been run at Caldes de Montbui attended by 16 students.

Basic course for immigrant reception staff

The Secretariat for Immigration has run a training scheme for immigrant reception personnel at local councils around Catalonia in order to provide them with basic information about the reception process. This course is designed to raise awareness about linguistic diversity, foster the full normalisation of the Catalan language and make Catalan into the common language of all people living in Catalonia. In 2010 the approach of this basic course has been changed to accommodate more specific topics for which there is greater demand.

1.6.6. Conferences and materials for language professionals

The General Directorate for Language Policy, working in partnership with other bodies and organisations, has run a number of training activities in 2010 for professionals who work in language integration and teaching Catalan to new arrivals, including the following:

 In Tarragona on 5 February, the Fifth Conference to Present Materials and Personal Experiences, attended by 93 people.

The conferences on language integration have become a meeting place and an opportunity to share knowledge for professionals in the Camp de Tarragona.

The Conference has been supported by the Department of Education and the Secretariat for Immigration.

 In Girona on 17 September, the Language Integration and Young People: Fifth Conference to Present Materials and Personal Experiences, attended by 102 people.

The tenth anniversary of running language integration courses and workshops in Girona was celebrated at the conference.

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The Conference has been supported by the Secretariat General for Youth and the Immigration Group at the Girona Organisations and Services for the Promotion of the Catalan Language Committee.

 In Lleida on 15 October, the ICT Language Integration Conference, attended by 53 people.

Organised by the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Lleida Consortium for Language Normalisation.

These conferences bring together a wide range of professionals who all work with immigrants, including Consortium for Language Normalisation teachers, immigration officers and staff working in adult education and non-university formal education.

 Master’s in Teaching Catalan for Language Integration

The Department of Catalan Studies and the Faculty of Education at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the Consortium for Language Normalisation, in partnership with the Ramon Llull Institute and the General Directorate for Language Policy, have organised the Master’s in Teaching Catalan for Language Integration. The objective of the Master’s programme is to teach its students about all the aspects they need to know about in order to pursue a career in teaching Catalan to foreign learners and promoting the language, mainly in the context of language integration for adults, but also in the various spheres of formal education (primary, secondary and university) http://filcat.uab.cat/mecal.

 Postgraduate programme in Managing Linguistic and Cultural Diversity

With the support of Linguamón – House of Languages, the Chair in Multilingualism has begun the first postgraduate programme on Managing Linguistic and Cultural Diversity addressed to all professionals from institutions, organisations or agencies who want to specialise in managing the new multilingual realities and contexts. The programme examines in greater depth the main phenomena associated with the new multilingual environments and the complexities that arise from globalisation, migration movements, new information technologies and new communication platforms, among other issues. A total of 21 students have enrolled for it.

 2nd Convit Congress of Language Services in Catalan-speaking Territories

Registration for the 2nd Convit Congress opened on 1 December 2010 and it is to be held at Reus on 24 and 25 March 2011. The event is organised by the Department of Language Policy at Reus Town Council, the General Directorate for Language Policy in the Government of Catalonia, the Consortium for Language Normalisation, Tarragona Provincial Council, Rovira i Virgili University and the Reus Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Shipping. It is partnered by the Vives Universities Network, the Government of Andorra, Perpignan City Council and the General Directorate for Language Policy in the Government of the Balearic Islands.

Reus has thus taken over from Girona, which organised the first Convit Congress in 2009.

The Convit Congress is intended to be a symbol of dissemination and to bring together all those people who work for the Catalan language on a daily basis. It seeks to set out and publicise all the advances undertaken in the multilingual context for Catalan in information and communication technology and in the language integration of recent immigrants. www.congresconvit.cat.

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1.7. Language integration of recent immigrants

1.7.1. The National Immigration Agreement

The Government of Catalonia, parliamentary groups, local councils, economic and social agents and organisations that are members of the Citizenship and Immigration Board in representation of associations involved in managing immigration, all signed the National Immigration Agreement on 19 December 2008 which lays down the guidelines for immigration policy over the next twenty years. The Agreement is the outcome of a process in which some 2,000 people have taken part, and it seeks to manage migratory flows and access to the labour market, adapt public services to a diverse society and achieve integration in a shared public culture.

The National Immigration Agreement includes a total of 112 measures, 62 of which are existing policies which need reinforcing while 50 are new initiatives designed to ensure good community living and greater social cohesion, at a cost in public money of €3.88 billion over the period 2009-2012.

The National Immigration Agreement:

Theme 1. Managing migratory flows in accordance with the labour market. Challenge 1. Mobilising internal human resources first of all, with special attention to the unemployed and family reunification. Challenge 2. Managing external flows by bringing legality and reality closer together. Challenge 3. Responsibly managing migratory flows with the countries of origin.

Theme 2. Adapting public services to a diverse society. Challenge 1. Setting up a universal reception service. Challenge 2. Sizing public services and ensuring access to them for all. Challenge 3. Stepping up cross-cutting approaches and coordination between institutions.

Theme 3. Integrating in a shared public culture. Challenge 1. Fostering participation in public life. Challenge 2. Making Catalan into the common public language. Challenge 3. Living together with multiple beliefs. Challenge 4. Ensuring equality between men and women and building in the gender perspective. Challenge 5. Ramping up policies addressed to children, adolescents, senior citizens and families, as these are policies which unite people regardless of where they come from.

In Challenge 2 in theme 3 it is proposed to make Catalan into the common public language. Against a backdrop of growing linguistic diversity, there is a need for a bridge language, a meeting point, a gateway to being Catalan, which enables everyone who lives in Catalonia to communicate with everyone else and foster equality of opportunity. In Catalonia this common language is Catalan, which is the country’s own language and its unique contribution to the world’s cultural diversity.

Actions are taken as part of the National Immigration Agreement 2009-2012 (see section 6 in chapter IV.)

1.7.2. The Consortium for Language Normalisation’s language integration plans

Learning the language is crucial for the proper integration of immigrants in host countries. In this respect it is important to highlight the role of the Catalan public administrations in promoting the teaching of Catalan.

Through the DGPL, the Government of Catalonia promotes the language integration of immigrants and consequently allocates funding to pay for integration courses. In 2010, funding provided by the Government of Catalonia to the CPNL’s extraordinary budget for language integration has come to €7,755,713.

The language integration provided by the Consortium for Language Normalisation does not only consist of running Catalan language learning classes for newcomers and providing materials and

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Since 2006, the 22 language integration plans, implemented by the Consortium’s 22 centres, have been the basis for expanding the range of language learning options available to groups of new immigrants.

The specific goals of the integration plans are:

- To increase the number of Catalan courses at the beginners’ and basic levels geared towards people who have recently arrived in Catalonia. - To engage citizen organisations, continue with extant partnerships and set up new ones in order to carry out activities which promote the use of Catalan. - To run settlement and community discovery activities, such as cultural visits, taking part in traditional festivals and routes around neighbourhoods.

Over recent years, Catalonia has taken in people from all over the world and the Consortium, along with other institutions, has stepped up its activities to receive them and facilitate their integration through knowledge and encouragement of the use of Catalan.

Through language integration the Consortium seeks to facilitate social integration, promote equal opportunities and make a contribution towards the cohesion of an increasingly multilingual society.

Catalan Consortium for Language Normalisation beginners' and basic courses by levels

In the 2009-2010 academic year the Consortium for Language Normalisation has run 3,017 beginners’ and basic Catalan courses with a total of 78,776 enrolments.

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Number of CPNL Catalan courses by level. Academic year 2009-2010

3,500 3,017 3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000 612 556 446 500 175

0 Beginners’ Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Higher and basic and other

Change in F2F and blended learning CPNL Catalan courses. 2005-2010

Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Beginners' and 1,874 2,298 2,865 3,082 3,017 basic Elementary 350 397 416 416 446 Intermediate 500 519 588 602 612 Proficiency 392 443 493 531 556

Higher and other 115 166 220 212 175

Total 3,231 3,823 4,582 4,843 4,806

Enrolments for CPNL Catalan courses by level and type. 2008-2010

Level Type 2008-2009 2009-2010 Percentage change

F2F and Beginners' and blended 77,543 77,617 0.10% basic learning Distance- 863 655 -24.10% learning Other 655 504 -23.10% Total 79,061 78,776 -0.40% F2F and Elementary blended 8,041 9,457 17.60% learning Distance- 227 223 -1.80% learning Other 35 20 -42.90% Total 8,303 9,700 16.80% F2F and Intermediate blended 13,650 14,474 6.00% learning

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Distance- 3,715 3,218 -13.40% learning Other 263 177 -32.70% Total 17,628 17,869 1.40% F2F and Proficiency blended 11,538 12,726 10.30% learning Distance- 5,039 4,936 -2.00% learning Other 197 163 -17.30% Total 16,774 17,825 6.30% F2F and Higher blended 2,495 2,240 -10.20% learning Distance- 160 125 -21.90% learning Other 46 59 28.30% Total 2,701 2,424 -10.30% F2F and Other blended 1,633 1,094 -33.00% learning Distance- -17- learning Other 330 102 -69.10% Total 1,963 1,213 -38.20%

TOTAL 126,430 127,807 1.10%

As noted above, over recent years the number of people enrolling for beginners’ and basic courses has accounted for the bulk of students. Starting with the 53,618 people enrolled in 2006-2007, there has been an increase of almost 47% up to 2010.

Figures for the origin of students

The origin of these students remains much the same as in previous years with the largest group coming from South America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean (55.1% of total foreign students) in the 2009-2010 academic year.

There are also a large number of Africans (the majority born in Morocco) accounting for 24.4% of enrolments.

Next are students from Europe at 9.2% followed by ones from Asia (Pakistanis and Chinese) who account for 7.8%.

Origin of foreign students on beginners’ and basic courses. Academic year 2009-2010

Country of origin Percentage

European Union 9.20% Non-EU Europe 3.10% USA and Canada 0.30%

Central America, Mexico and Caribbean 8.80% South America 46.30% North Africa 13.80% Rest of Africa 10.60% Asia 7.80%

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Oceania 0.04%

In 2010 the Consortium for Language Normalisation has continued with its policy established in previous years of stressing the outcomes of language integration plans (which since 2006 have been implemented all over Catalonia), especially with some groups that have received special attention (Romanians, Chinese, North Africans and Pakistanis).

Enrolments by specific groups (2009-2010)

In the 2009-2010 academic year there have been 13,690 enrolments by Moroccans, Romanians, Chinese and Pakistanis.

Enrolments by specific groups from 2006 to 2010

Country 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Morocco 5,684 9,480 10,156 9,299 Pakistan 469 1,099 1,562 1,475 Romania 1,627 1,838 1,619 1,820 China 504 1,160 1,228 1,096 TOTAL 8,284 13,577 14,565 13,690

The Consortium for Language Normalisation also runs integration sessions for people who want to join a beginners’ group after the deadline for enrolments.

As part of the 2010 Integration Plan, the following special courses have also been run in addition to general courses:

 Courses for immigrants’ associations, which is one of the important tasks carried out by the centres, as already stated, and which is funded by the Secretariat for Immigration. 423 have been run in 2010.

 Beginners’ and basic level courses especially geared towards new arrivals as part of agreements with town halls and county councils. A total of 1,643 of these courses have been run in 2010.

 Language and the community and basic Catalan courses as part of family reunion courses organised under the terms of the agreement with the Secretariat for Immigration. 36 courses have been run at these levels.

In terms of the first group of courses, the Consortium handles applications from organisations or local authorities acting on behalf of groups of immigrants who want to learn Catalan. It also organises the courses on the organisation’s premises or in other facilities and provides the teachers required. For its part the Secretariat for Immigration is responsible for funding: in 2010 the Secretariat for Immigration has funded in whole or in part 423 courses (18 of them in the reunification and work programme with 296 students enrolled).

Funding from the Secretariat for Immigration and the number of courses run by the Consortium for Language Normalisation. 2005-2010

Year Subsidy Courses 2005 €257,957 109 2006 €500,000 173 2007 €750,000 310

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2008 €1,147,669 456 2009 €1,100,459 445 2010 €1,000,000 423

Applications have been processed from 72 town councils, 9 county councils and 88 organisations, and have led to courses being taught in 137 different towns.

These activities have been accompanied by recognition in the shape of awarding diplomas to students and plaques to organisations that have asked for the courses. These ceremonies have been jointly organized with the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Consortium for Language Normalisation.

Moreover, the Consortium for Language Normalisation is also involved with the Secretariat for Immigration in the family reunification plan in some towns. This plan, which has its own budget, is an interesting model as under it instrumental language teaching is supplemented by occupational training that helps students to find jobs.

1.7.3. Reception classrooms

Reception classrooms are a resource and an organisational and methodological strategy for attending to newcomer students when they join the educational system in Catalonia. They have two purposes: firstly, to ensure the student feels that they are being well cared for in emotional aspects, and secondly to provide them with the basic tools they need to begin their teaching and learning process in the Catalan educational system as soon as possible and under the best conditions. There is more information about reception classrooms in section 5.1.4.

1.7.4. Community education plans

Community education plans are an open and innovative educational cooperation initiative between the Department of Education and municipal entities, with the support and cooperation of other Catalan Government departments, which are designed to achieve the academic success of all students and contribute to social cohesion through fairness, intercultural education, the promotion of community living and the use of Catalan. There is more information about community education plans in section 5.1.4.

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1.7.5. Education reception areas

The Education Reception Areas (EBE) are educational family reception areas, managed jointly by the Department of Education and the local councils of the towns where they are located. They are support and advice units, prior to schooling, that deliver reception services to the entire family unit, especially children and young people, in the various aspects of education within the general framework of the process of integration into the town and the educational system, so as to ensure individual attention and assist with improving the quality of schools. There is more information about education reception areas in section 5.1.4.

1.7.6. Strengthening non-formal education

 Català a l’estiu (Catalan in the summer)

The Department of Social Welfare and Family Affairs (the Department of Social Action and Citizenship until December 2010), through the Secretariat for Immigration and in partnership with local and county councils, has implemented in 2010 for the second year running a project to strengthen the teaching of Catalan during the summer holidays for students at state and grant-aided primary and secondary schools who have arrived in Catalonia over recent months. The goal is to use leisure time and activities to provide 100 hours of language learning, especially at municipal summer activity centres, to prevent a loss of contact with Catalan during the holiday period and make the return to school in September easier. The courses last 40 hours and are taught for one hour per day for 40 days as part of the leisure activities. They have been taken by 550 students aged from 8 to 14 in 20 towns across Catalonia.

 A l’estiu, Barcelona t’acull (Barcelona welcomes you in summer) programme

The programme is addressed to young people who have just arrived in the city. It was begun in the spring of 2009 sponsored by the Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue Committee at Barcelona City Council as part of the mentoring programme for reunified families.

The project consists of a set of activities carried out during July and August. It is addressed to young people aged between 12 and 18 who have come to Barcelona for family reunification in the summer and who are not at school or have only been there for a short while.

A l’estiu, Barcelona t’acull is a programme designed to give immigrant young people an introduction to Catalan, their new environment and the host society as well as the chance to interact with other young people through training and sports activities together with outings to cultural and civic venues.

In its first year in 2009 the programme catered for 63 young people, while in 2010 it has hosted 133 young people from 19 different countries, mainly Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia and Pakistan, but also involving adolescents from the Philippines, the Dominican Republic, Ukraine, Morocco and China, among others. 96% of participants were aged between 12 and 18.

In 2010, the programme has been run in six libraries:

Mercè Rodoreda Library in Horta-Guinardó Can Fabra Library in Sant Andreu Manuel Arranz Library in Sant Martí Sant Pau Library in Ciutat Vella Vapor Vell Library in Sants-Montjuïc Nou Barris Library in Nou Barris

This year the Barcelona Education Consortium has joined the programme. In general the activities have been extremely successful with attendance rates of 95% and higher participation by families than in the previous year.

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1.8 Resources and materials for teaching Catalan

1.8.1. Resources and materials for language integration

 The language integration resources search engine

In order to help professionals who provide language integration services in Catalan for adults to find resources, the General Directorate for Language Policy has launched a language integration resources search engine.

This tool has been created as a key virtual medium for language integration professionals who work in associations, organizations or companies giving language integration sessions or carrying out support tasks for Catalan classes for adult immigrants. The search engine has been launched with 390 resources and will be expanded with contributions from the experiences of professionals from other institutions and organizations.

The General Directorate for Language Policy has carried out four presentations of the tool in 2010 to various groups in order to publicise it (http://gencat.cat/llengua/acolliment/cercador).

 Vivim junts. Materials for learning Catalan

Vivim junts (We live together) is a publication produced by the Secretariat for Immigration which is included as an insert once a month in periodical publications geared towards communities of immigrants.

This is a means of providing information about the Generalitat and Catalonia to readers of newspapers and magazines addressed to immigrants and giving them a resource for learning Catalan. To that end there is a brief glossary in which some words are translated into Spanish and the “Aprendre català” (Learn Catalan) cards drawn up by the General Directorate for Language Policy are included at the end of the article.

In 2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Secretariat for Immigration have continued their partnership in the preparation of posters. This year they have released Vivim junts. Activitats sobre carrers amb història (We live together: activities about streets and history). This is a new series of nine posters which use dialogues to examine the most important events in the using the names of the streets as their common theme. In 2010 the publication Vivim junts has been inserted in the following newspapers: Latino, Toumai, Revista Mà Osona, Catalina, ARG Express, Sí se puede, Raíz, Wanafrica, Revista Escletxa and 20 minutos. In addition the partnership has been continued between the Secretariat for Immigration and the DGPL with the newspaper El mirador dels immigrants, addressed to the Pakistani community, under which a page in Catalan and Urdu is inserted every week about the history of Catalonia connected with the neighbourhoods of El Raval, La Ribera, El Born and Poble Nou. http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/vivimjunts

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 Aprenem català des de...

The General Directorate for Language Policy and the Secretariat for Immigration have continued to work together on the publication of materials addressed to groups of new immigrants designed to help them learn Catalan through their original languages. In the Viure a Catalunya. Aprenem català des de... (Living in Catalonia. Let’s learn Catalan based on...) collection, in 2010, the books Aprenem català des de l’amazic (Let’s Learn Catalan based on Tamazight) and Aprenem català des de l’urdú (Let’s Learn Catalan based on Urdu) have been reviewed, published and presented.

 Tamazight community

Viure a Catalunya. Aprenem català des de l’amazic

A total of 5,000 copies have been published, of which 2,500 have been for the General Directorate for Language Policy and have been distributed by the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the Department of Education to children and adults alike.

The material is also available as a PDF and in MP3 audio compression format on the Catalan Government website. A CD is included with the printed version containing the content and dialogues that are written out in the book.

The publication is available in full on the Catalan language website: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/viure/amazic

 Urdu community

Viure a Catalunya. Aprenem català des de l’urdú

A total of 5,000 copies have been published, of which 2,500 have been for the General Directorate for Language Policy and have been distributed by the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the Department of Education to children and adults alike.

A CD is included with the printed version containing the content and dialogues that are written out in the book.

The material is also available as a PDF and in an audio version on the Catalan language website: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/viure/urdu

Content has also been drawn up for the Catalan-Russian and Catalan-Spanish versions which are to be published in 2011.

1.8.2.. Resources and materials for learning Catalan

 Catalan language learning programmes

Beginners’ level In 2010 the programme for the beginners’ level (A1) has been drawn up. It is the lowest degree of linguistic competence proposed by the Council of Europe. At this level learners learn everyday expressions and very basic phrases designed to meet their primary communication needs about personal issues.

The Programa de llengua catalana de nivell inicial (Beginners’ Level Catalan Language Programme) sets out the goals based on competences, language skills, discourse patterns and areas and topics together with the content required to achieve these goals.

It is to be distributed on the General Directorate for Language Policy website in 2011.

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Advanced level As part of the process of adapting Catalan language learning programmes to the Council of Europe system, work has begun on drawing up the Advanced level (C2) corresponding to the highest degree of proficiency in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

 Viure a Catalunya. Làmines (Posters)

The General Directorate for Language Policy, together with the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the Sub-directorate of Language and Social Cohesion have continued to work together to draw up materials for learning Catalan.

In 2010, two new posters have been drawn up forming part of the Viure a Catalunya (Living in Catalonia) collection, El centre cívic and El centre commercial (The Civic Centre and The Shopping Centre), which are available both online and as a hardcopy.

This material is useful for working on the language used in everyday communication situations in beginners’ level (language integration) and basic level classes. http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/viure/lamines

 Publicity material

Every year leaflets are produced to publicise resources available for learning Catalan. This year Llocs per aprendre català (Places where you can learn Catalan), with a print run of 2,000 copies, and Cercador de recursos per a l’acolliment linguistic (Language integration resources search engine), with a print run of 1,000 copies, have been produced.

The leaflet listing the centres offering Catalan courses in Catalonia in the 2010-2011 academic year can be found on the Catalan language website (http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/llocs-pdf).

Materials prepared by the General Directorate for Language Policy have also been recovered and scanned to make them easier to use and distribute. In 2010 the following materials have been made available to Catalan language teachers: Català bàsic. Iniciació a la llengua oral (Basic Catalan: introduction to speaking), Català bàsic. Iniciació a la llengua oral II (Basic Catalan: introduction to speaking 2) and Nivell llindar per a la llengua catalana (Threshold level for Catalan).

Below are some of the most significant initiatives put in place by the twenty-two language normalisation centres:

 20 contes comptats. El món en un munt de contes

This is a book of 20 traditional stories from around the world written in 20 different languages and translated into Catalan. The languages are the following: Arabic, Tamazight, Basque, Spanish, French, Fula, Galician, Guarani, Yoruba, Mandinka, Occitan, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian, Wolof and Mandarin Chinese. The stories bring the reader closer to the linguistic diversity of the new citizens of Catalonia.

Every story has illustrations and a linguistic map together with brief information about the language in which it was originally conceived and written.

The first recipients are the people who have participated in the book: students doing Catalan courses at the Sabadell CNL, learners on the Voluntariat per la Llengua programme, immigrant associations and local organisations.

Secondly they will go to school students, people using libraries and the general public who read the book.

This project has been funded by the Consortium for Language Normalisation and Sabadell City Council through its Office of New Citizens.

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The Escola Illa has helped with the illustrations and Linguamón with proof-reading the stories in the original language.

 Veus

Veus (Voices) is a book with a CD which contains thirteen songs from different parts of the world presented by students doing Catalan courses at .

The project has been carried out by the departments of Equality and Citizenship and Culture (La Capsa) at El Prat de Llobregat Town Council, musicians in the town and students learning Catalan at the El Prat Language Normalisation Centre, the EFPA Terra Baixa and the CFS Francesc Palau. The project has also received financial support from the General Directorate for Immigrant Integration and technical help from the Terminology Centre of Catalonia (TERMCAT).

 Onescat beginners’ course for radio

Onescat is a beginners’ Catalan course for people who have just arrived in Catalonia and do not understand or speak Catalan and whose first language is Spanish, especially people coming from Latin America. The course consists of 17 programmes.

Onescat is a course designed and organised by the Consortium for Language Normalisation.

The first version of this course was developed by the technical team at the Girona Language Normalisation Centre in 2008 at the request of three Latin American radio stations in the Girona area.

The Department of Social Welfare and Family Affairs (the Department of Social Action and Citizenship until December 2010) has published new reception materials to facilitate the integration of immigrants in Catalonia.

 Catalonia reception website

A booklet that explains and summarises the contents of the Catalonia reception website has been published. It is available in ten languages (Catalan, Spanish, English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Romanian, Urdu, Russian and Tamazight). www.acollida.gencat.cat

2. The Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme

The Voluntariat per la llengua (VxL – Language Volunteers) programme is run by the General Directorate for Language Policy and managed regionally by the Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL). The programme comes under the strategic line of fostering the social use of Catalan as part of language policy. Voluntariat per la llengua's main goal is to promote the use of the Catalan language in personal relations by providing an opportunity for communication through which a person who has basic knowledge of Catalan and wants to attain greater fluency and make the language a natural part of their daily activities, work and social relations, can practice with another person who habitually speaks it. To that end the two volunteers (the one who normally speaks Catalan and the one who wants to become more confident when speaking it) get in touch to arrange to meet in a real context and in a relaxed atmosphere in order to speak in Catalan free of charge for a minimum of ten hours (one hour a week for 10 weeks). The people who take part do not need any qualifications; they only need to be over 18 and have the language skills required in each case.

The programme is partnered by organisations in publicising and/or handling language pairs among members. They also offer advantages or organise ad hoc supplementary activities for volunteers. The importance of these activities should be stressed, as they provide the volunteers with a chance to find out more about the place where they live and the culture which is hosting them and also to share points of view and experiences with people from many different places using Catalan as their common language for relationships. In this way Catalan becomes seen as a language which is useful for playing an active role in society. In addition to this direct participation, commercial establishments can also help promote the use of Catalan when addressing the public thus providing extra practice.

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Voluntariat per la llengua was started up in 2003 to help students on the Consortium for Language Normalisation’s Catalan courses to learn and practice speaking Catalan. The activity was designed to supplement the Catalan courses and aimed to set up opportunities for conversation outside the classroom to reinforce learning of the language through use. It also served to transmit and reinforce the image of Catalan as a language of integration and got Catalan speakers used to the idea of not changing languages unnecessarily when conversing with foreigners. In this way the programme became a major instrument for fostering the social use of Catalan. The benefits of this pioneering scheme meant that it spread rapidly all over Catalonia and its number of participants grew. The Government of Catalonia adopted a set of cross-cutting measures geared towards enabling immigrants to learn Catalan and promoting Catalan as a language of integration. In this context the language volunteer programme became a very effective tool for promoting the use of Catalan and social participation.

In 2007 the Catalan Government set enhancing the impact of the programme and extending it throughout Catalonia as a priority and brought in the following measures:

 VxL facilitators were assigned to the 22 CPNL language normalisation centres to work at the local level to promote and manage the project in their area with a person as coordinator.

 Introduction of a computer application to manage enrolments and mine data: http://www.vxl.cat.

 Projects connected with the language volunteers were made eligible for funding awards for furthering the use of Catalan.

 A VxL communication and marketing plan, etc.

Efforts in the following years have focused on spreading the programme, getting social recognition for it, increasing the number of language pairs, furthering engagement with the social fabric, training facilitators and strengthening their role in their areas.

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2.1. Actions

Actions to publicise the programme, promote its extension into different areas of Catalan society and retain its participants have continued throughout 2010.

2.1.1. Regional actions to facilitate and manage the language pairs

Through their facilitators the language normalisation centres have continued to spread the programme to organisations, associations, local people, etc., manage the language pairs and boost participant loyalty by means of complementary activities, special recognition, opening and closing sessions for the programme, etc. Some of the key activities are as follows:

 Complementary activities:

Complementary activities are cultural and leisure activities (going to the theatre, visiting a museum, going on an outing, etc.) which the language normalisation centres offer to VxL participants enrolled at the centre concerned. The involvement and support of local institutions and associations are essential as they offer advantages to the volunteers such as free tickets, discounts, etc.

This year there has been a 23.4% increase in complementary activities, up to 796 compared with 645 in 2009.

 The volunteer’s card:

The volunteer’s card offers promotions and benefits from organisations, associations and establishments which have agreements with the programme. Initially it only involved providing premises that could be used by programme participants from the normalisation centre in the area where the organization, association or establishment was located. As an addition to this, in 2010 the CPNL has reached agreements with 21 entities under which all programme participants can benefit from the advantages they offer. It is expected to add to this list so that the card becomes a single main card for all programme participants.

Entities offering advantages to all participants

VxL card advantages for all participants

Entity Town/City Advantages History Museum of Catalonia and sights Barcelona/Catalonia 2X1 Palau i Fabre Foundation Caldes d’Estrac 2X1 Farinera Eco-museum Castelló d’Empúries Free admission RCD Espanyol Cornellà de Llobregat Free admission Sala Romagosa Theatre Cornellà de Llobregat Discounts Archaeology Museum of Catalonia-Empordà Empúries Free admission Arab Baths Girona Free admission Escenaris 2011 shows Gironès Free admission (limited) L’Hospitalet de Barradas Cultural Centre Llobregat 50% off Anchovies and Salt Museum L’Escala Free admission La Jonquera Memorial Museum of the Exile La Jonquera Free admission Diocese and County Museum of Lleida Lleida Free admission Turó de la Seu Vella Consortium Lleida Free admission Manresa Tourist Office Manresa Free admission Abelló Museum Mollet del Vallès 2X1 Pintor Abelló House Mollet del Vallès 2X1 L’Empordà Wetlands Roses Free binoculars Tarragona History Museum Tarragona Free admission

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Port of Tarragona Museum Tarragona Free admission Vic Skating Club Vic Discounts Osona Theatre Institute Vic Discounts Advantages in the youth Youth Hostels of Catalonia Catalonia hostels

 Agreements and partnerships with organisations and business establishments

The language normalisation centres have continued to spread the programme to organisations and business establishments in their areas and a total of 782 cultural, social, etc. institutions and organisations have partnered it in 2010. 2,561 establishments have joined it.

 Agreement between RCD Espanyol and the Voluntariat per la llengua

RCD Espanyol football club has joined the Voluntariat per la llengua project through a cooperation agreement with the CPNL. It was signed on 14 May at the RCD Espanyol facilities in Cornellà de Llobregat.

Under this agreement sponsored by the Cornellà de Llobregat CNL, RCD Espanyol undertakes to publicise and provide information about the Voluntariat per la llengua programme for its employees and members. This commitment provides a fresh boost to the work of the people involved in the programme and illustrates the growing support it is receiving from society.

 Sant Jordi in El Raval

To mark the “diada de Sant Jordi” (St. George’s Day), the General Directorate for Language Policy and the CPNL organised the activity “Sant Jordi al Raval. El món a la teva plaça” (St. George in El Raval. The world in your square). From 11 am to 3 pm visitors were able to take part in sessions showing how the Voluntariat per la llengua programme works.

2.1.2. Publications and dissemination materials

 Distribution of promotional material

In the course of 2010, the General Directorate for Language Policy and the CPNL have continued the dissemination and distribution of promotional material for the VxL. The 21 karaoke activities in the “Encomana el català” (Pass Catalan On) campaign have provided an ideal opportunity for disseminating the programme, since most of the activities took place outdoors at fairs, festivals, etc. attended by large numbers of people. The language normalisation centre for the locality offered material about its services and resources at each way out from the event: information leaflets about the programme, VxL bookmarks, single-issue publications, a booklet containing pastimes, etc. More information about the campaign is available in section 3 of this chapter.

 Parlem tu i jo. Viatgem pel món

The General Directorate for Language Policy has produced the first issue of the Parlem Tu i Jo. Viatgem pel Món collection, with content and ideas to facilitate conversation and dialogue between language pairs. It is divided into five sections around a central theme, which in this first issue is travelling:

 A story  A comic  “De què parlem, parlem de...” (What shall we talk about, let’s talk about): ideas for conversation  “Ara tu i ara jo” (Now you and now me): exchange of experiences  Useful information (web links, books, etc.)  Vocabulary and expressions

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15,000 copies have been printed and distributed to the language normalisation centres, organisations promoting the use of Catalan, etc. at a total cost for publishing, printing and content development of €8,252.19.

 Voluntariat per la llengua a les empreses leaflet

As part of the General Directorate for Language Policy’s policy of promoting the programme in business, a leaflet has been produced in 2010 aimed at companies interested in promoting the Catalan language among their employees. 16,650 copies have been distributed to business organizations (city centre shopkeepers’ association Comerç Ciutadà, Agrupació de Botiguers [Shopkeepers’ Association], Consell de Cambres [Chambers of Commerce Board], department store El Corte Inglés, SME and freelancer organisation PIMEC), the Gremi de Restauració de Barcelona (Barcelona Restaurant Association), the Language Guarantees Office, the CPNL, policy services, the Department of Employment, etc.

2.1.3. Broadcasting of the 10 cites series on local TV stations

In 2008 Televisió de Catalunya produced in conjunction with the DGPL the programme 10 cites, a series about the Voluntariat per la llengua depicting how language pairs interact. It consists of a series of thirteen episodes each lasting between fifteen and twenty minutes, and is divided into sections which revolve around the core story told by the language pair featuring in each episode:  The greeting. The learners and volunteers introduce themselves and give a first example of cultural dialogue: the greeting.  Globe. What do we know about where the learners come from? To find out, in every episode a street survey is carried out with a globe.  The dream. The learner tells the volunteer a story, legend or dream that has to do with the place they are from and illustrates the culture which they come from.  Reunions. Pairs that have done the volunteer programme meet up again and describe what the outcome of their ten hours of conversation has been. Often the pairs end up forging a friendship that goes beyond volunteering.

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 Your language and my language. The volunteer and the learner say which word, set phrase or expression they like in the other person’s language.

The programme was first broadcast on TV3 in September 2008 and subsequently repeated on Canal 33 starting on 29 May 2009. Once the broadcasts on Televisió de Catalunya channels had finished, and under the terms of the agreement with the General Directorate for Language Policy and Televisió de Catalunya, the programmes were then broadcast on the following twelve local TV stations around the country:

 Barcelona Televisió  TAC 12 (Tarragona)  TV L’Hospitalet de Llobregat  TV Ripollès  TV Vallès Visió  TV 25 Barcelona  TV Cambrils  TV Lleida  TV Sant Cugat  TV Osona  TV Terrassa  TV Manresa

2.1.4. Promotion of the programme abroad

In September 2010, the Voluntariat per les llengües programme (www.infovol.it) was started up in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/Bozen in Italy, the outcome of a partnership with the provincial government and entirely inspired by the Voluntariat per la llengua. It is designed to foster the use of German by Italian speakers as even though there are two official languages, German and Italian, in the city of Bolzano, Italian predominates over German (the reverse is the case in the other towns in the province where German predominates over Italian). The volunteers are people who normally speak German and the learners are people who normally speak Italian. The Bolzano programme has its own name and logo. Programme managers specifically chose a name in Catalan for the programme, Voluntariat per les llengües, because they thought that would be more acceptable for Italian and German speakers alike.

Furthermore, the Government of Flanders contacted the General Directorate for Language Policy to learn about the programme as it was interested in implementing a similar project in the region of Flanders to facilitate the integration of immigrants. The DGPL has also provided advice and information for a similar project at the University of Mexico as part of the ANUIES (Support for Indigenous Students at Higher Education Institutions) programme.

2.2. Sectorisation of the programme

2.2.1. VxL in companies

To encourage employers to promote the spoken use of Catalan among their staff, the Voluntariat lingüístic a les empreses (Language volunteers in companies) programme was implemented in the last quarter of 2009 and throughout 2010.

Its purpose is to enable people who have (or may have) contact with people outside the company, such as customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc., to serve them better in the language of Catalonia. It is an application of the general Voluntariat per la llengua programme and basically follows its guidelines: volunteers who speak Catalan offer to talk with other people (in this case, colleagues) who want to learn it. The programme is structured regionally by the Consortium for Language Normalisation. In the course of 2010 companies including supermarket chain Mercadona and the department store El Corte Inglés have taken part in it and 57 language pairs have been formed.

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2.2.2. VxL in health

Following an agreement with the CPNL, in March 2010 Sant Jaume Hospital in Olot launched the Voluntariat per la llengua programme as part of a plan to promote Catalan in the health sector. In this case, the volunteers seek to ensure that Catalan is the vehicular language of all staff in the assigned department. In 2010, 18 volunteers have driven the programme in 18 departments in the hospital.

The programme has continued in Grup Pere Mata health centres under the terms of an agreement with the Miquel Ventura Language Normalisation Centre in Reus whereby the group undertakes to promote knowledge and use of Catalan and the Voluntariat per la llengua programme among the 1,250 employees of the group’s companies based in Reus (Institut Pere Mata, Marinada, Bellissens and Villablanca). The agreement was signed in 2009 and is for 2 years. Four language pairs have been formed in 2010.

2.2.3. VxL in justice

In 2007 the Regional Justice Service in Tarragona ran the programme in the judicial sphere in the area. Subsequently it was extended to Lleida and Girona provinces and to the prisons at Figueres, Girona and Lledoners (Bages). In 2010 the Department of Justice at Girona (27 pairs) and Tarragona (5 pairs) and the prisons at Girona (11 pairs), Can Brians 1 (7 groups and 14 volunteers) and Can Brians 2 (5 groups and 10 volunteers) have all taken part in the programme.

Furthermore, under the framework cooperation agreement signed by the Government of Catalonia and CICAC in 2008, the VxL programme has been promoted among lawyers.

2.2.4. VxL in associations

In 2010 and as part of its call for subsidies to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia, the General Directorate for Language Policy has continued to support non-profit organisations that have implemented the programme among their members (management of language pairs). This year 13 projects have been funded: Òmnium Cultural, Secretariat de Sants, Hostafrancs i la Bordeta, Coordinadora Gai-Lesbiana (Gay and Lesbian Coordinating Committee), the Atzavara-Arrels Association, the Vincle Foundation and Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya (UFEC – Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia), the Unió Sindical Obrera de Catalunya in Barcelona and in Terres de l’Ebre (USOC – Workers’ Trade Union of Catalonia).

The Parlacatala.org Association virtual language pairs project has also received support. The total amount of subsidies allocated to these initiatives has come to €59,900.

In addition, seven local authorities and organisations have run language pairs without receiving financial support from the DGPL: Alella Town Council, Arenys de Mar Town Council, Cabrils Town Council, Caldes d’Estrac Town Council, Malgrat de Mar Town Council, the Women’s Committee for the Rocafonda district in Mataró and the Laia l’Arquera Women’s Committee in Mataró.

2.3. Other actions

2.3.1. Conference in Terres de l’Ebre

The General Directorate for Language Policy and the CPNL organised the “Llengua Comuna, Experiències Compartides” (Common Language, Shared Experiences) conference about language volunteer programmes across Catalan-speaking territories. It was held on 16 June 2010 with the aim of creating a forum for discussing and exchanging volunteer language programme experiences and seeking out strategies to enhance the involvement of organisations and associations in them. The conference was addressed to facilitators and coordinators in organisations, companies and government agencies running language volunteer programmes in Catalan-speaking areas. It was attended by about 80 people from Andorra, North Catalonia, Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Region of Valencia.

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A presentation entitled “Cercant sinergies en el món associatiu” (Looking for synergies in associations) was given at the conference by the Head of Communication at Càritas and communications consultant for non-profit organisations, along with two roundtable discussions featuring officials from public institutions in Catalan-speaking territories and representatives of organisations, associations, etc. that have implemented the programme. There was also a talk about social networks on the internet as a means of fostering and publicising the programme.

2.3.2. Ceremony to recognise the Voluntariat per la llengua programme in Girona

At the De Tot Cat Fair the Catalan Government held a ceremony to recognise the selfless and valuable collaboration of many people in Girona province with the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. In addition to the people involved as volunteers and learners the recognition was extended to establishments, organisations and associations that partner the programme in the Girona area.

The event was held at the Girona Trade Fair Centre on 4 June and was attended by 600 people together with the Government Regional Office, the DGPL, the Consortium for Language Normalisation and Girona Provincial Council.

2.3.3. Improvements to the Voluntariat per la llengua computer application

A series of improvements have been made to the application in 2010 to enhance its operation and help voluntary work facilitators in their daily use of the program.

2.4. Programme participation data

2.4.1. Change in the number of pairs 2003-2010

10,555 language pairs have been set up in 2010, a 0.43% increase compared with 2009. As can be seen in the table below, the number of pairs is tending to stabilise over time.

Change in the number of pairs. 2003-2010

Pairs % change 2003 1,522 2004 4,600 202.23 2005 3,800 -17.39 2006 4,496 18.32 2007 6,304 40.21 2008 9,437 49.70 2009 10,510 11.37 2010 10,555 0.43

2.4.2. Enrolments

In 2010 8,920 people have joined the programme and come as an addition to those who have continued in the programme from previous years. There are more learners (62.66%) than volunteers (37.34%). For more information see “New participants in the programme, 2010” in chapter VI.

There is no limit as to how long the volunteers can take part in the programme for, whereas learners are restricted to a maximum of three language pairs. See the figures for enrolments 2009-2010 in chapter VI and new participants 2009-2010 in chapter VI.

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The fall in the number of enrolments is greater among the group of volunteers (-20.97%) than among learners (-14.48%).

2.4.3. Figures by area

As for the number of pairs by area, the bulk continue to be in Barcelona province with 73.8% of the total, followed by Girona (13.3%), Tarragona (5.5%), Lleida (4.8%) and Terres de l’Ebre (2.6%). This difference in percentage shares is quite normal bearing in mind that Barcelona has a higher number of inhabitants and language normalisation centres.

PAIRS BY AREA 2010

590 5.6% 276 508 2.6% 4.8% 1,386 Barcelona 13.3% Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres 7,795 de l'Ebre 73.8%

A comparison by geographical area between 2010 and the previous year shows that there has only been an increase in Barcelona (5.37%). Elsewhere in Catalonia there has been a fall, especially in Tarragona by 20.16% and in Lleida by 15.61%.

Language pairs by area. 2009-2010

Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l’Ebre 2009 7,398 1,481 602 739 290 2010 7,795 1,386 508 590 276 % 5.37 -6.41 -15.61 -20.16 -4.83

2.4.4. Enrolments by origin

As for the origin of the people enrolled on the programme, in 2010 foreign learners at 64.6% and volunteers born in Catalonia at 86.3% make up the bulk of participants.

See “Origin of learners 2010” and “Origin of volunteers 2010” in chapter VI.

The largest group of foreign-born learners comes from Latin America (49% of learners).

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FOREIGNERS ENROLLED BY COUNTRY GROUPS LEARNERS 2010 483 305 Learners Central 13% 8% America, Mexico and Caribbean Learners South 329 America 9% Learners Asia Learners USA 2 and Canada 0% Learners non-EU Europe 466 Learners North Africa 13% 1,748 Learners Oceania 49% Learners rest of Africa 128 4% Learners European 30 119 Union 1% 3%

2.4.5. Enrolments by sex

In terms of the “sex” variable, there are more women than men participants. Out of the total number of enrolled learners, 71.52% are women and 28.5% are men, while 67.8% of enrolled volunteers are women and 32.21% are men.

See the figure “Learners by sex 2010” and “Volunteers by sex 2010” in chapter VI.

2.4.6. Enrolments by age groups

Participants aged between 30 and 39 predominate in the learners group. In the volunteers group the largest number of participants are aged 50 to 65.

ENROLMENTS BY AGE GROUP

96 836

over 65 1314 between 50 and 65 between 40 and 49 277 between 30 and 39 989 2041 between 18 and 29

761

691 1302 613

Learner Volunteer

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2.4.7. Agreements and partnerships with organisations and establishments

In terms of the number of agreements with organisations and establishments, in 2010 the programme has been partnered by 782 organisations and 2,561 establishments.

See the figure “Agreements and partnerships with organisations and establishments 2010” in chapter VI.

2.4.8. Conclusions

In 2010 the SPL has continued the VxL programme with the aim of extending it to all sectors of society (companies, the public sector, associations, etc.). The figures indicate that the number of language pairs is stabilising and also that there is a need to redirect activities in order to increase the number of volunteers:

 10,555 language pairs have been set up in 2010, a 0.43% increase compared with 2009. 8,920 people have joined the programme in the course of the year.  62.66% of new participants in 2010 have been learners and 37.34% have been volunteers.  Barcelona is the area with the highest number of pairs (7,795), due to its number of inhabitants and because it has more language normalisation centres. In proportion to population the differences between Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Terres de l’Ebre are not significant.  There are more women than men in both volunteers and learners.  The age range with the largest number of volunteers is from 50 to 65 while for learners it is from 30 to 39.

3. Fostering the use of Catalan

3.1. “Encomana el català” campaign 2010

Origin of the campaign

The "Encomana el català" (Pass Catalan On) campaign promotes awareness among the people who live in Catalonia about the value of languages and knowledge of them, and fosters spontaneous and informal oral communication in Catalan in order to reduce the imbalance between knowledge and use of the language. The “Encomana el català” campaign implemented in 2010 is the continuation of the one run in 2009. Activities have been carried out across Catalonia in the course of the year in order to reinforce the campaign’s message.

Goals and target audience

The main objective with this campaign is to encourage people who usually speak Catalan to continue doing so in situations in which they often change languages unnecessarily (with people who do not speak the language but do understand it, in multilingual environments, in places where using the language is difficult, etc.), in other words, to raise awareness among people who normally speak Catalan so they continue to use it everywhere and under all circumstances in general. The main target audience for the campaign is Catalan-speaking people.

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Drawing up activities. Regional participation

In 2009 there was excellent coordination between the General Directorate for Language Policy and the language normalisation centres in the towns where campaign activities were carried out. Accordingly the 22 language normalisation centres have once again taken part in preparations for activities in 2010. As a result of these contributions, the General Directorate for Language Policy decided to run two types of activities:

 Small recreational activity. A karaoke contest with a repertoire of Catalan songs, including the song from the advertising campaign. The aim was to promote the use of Catalan through a fun activity in which Catalan music was the main component.

 Awareness workshop. Creating an interactive forum for reflection on the use of Catalan in contexts or situations where it is usually easy to change language in order to acquire resources to deal with these situations.

In January 2010, the General Directorate for Language Policy invited all the CNLs to submit workshop or karaoke proposals. The choice of activities was then made based on the following evaluation criteria:

 Quality of the proposal: contents (arguments supporting the activity).

 Territorial location: counties and towns which had not carried out any campaign activities in 2009.

 Language uses: towns where the campaign could be most effective according to language use data.

Publicity and promotional material

In 2009 the “Encomana el català” campaign group was set up on Facebook, which was closed on 15 September 2010 with 43,345 people registered. The video supporting the campaign had 31,600 visits.

A publicity protocol was followed for each karaoke contest.

 Publicity on Catalan language-related websites:

 Catalan language website and news flashes: www.gencat.cat/llengua.  Campaign website: www.gencat.cat/llengua/encomanaelcatalà.  CPNL website: www.cpnl.cat.  Local CNL websites.

 Publicity on social networks:

 Catalan language Facebook.  Catalan language Twitter.  Catalan language YouTube.

 Publicity in the media:

 Press releases sent by the SPL to the general interest media.  Local press releases sent by managers of the CNL in the town where the activity is to be carried out.

 Other:

 Email: the SPL provided local coordinators of the activity with a model email to be sent to stakeholders (CNL users, members of the Centre’s Board, local and county politicians, cultural associations, high schools, etc.).

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 On TV, the radio and in the local press if the town’s CNL had an agreement or direct access to local media.  Municipal agenda/newsletters.  Posters.

The following publicity materials were produced: multifunctional headwear, notebooks, bookmarks, bags, balloons, T-shirts and folders.

In addition, flyers and stickers were also distributed. These materials were given out as part of the 61 campaign activities and the four language treasure hunts conducted in Lleida (Urgell, Pla d’Urgell, La Noguera and Les Garrigues).

Campaign activities

In 2010, 61 campaign activities were carried out across Catalonia: 21 “1, 2, 3. Encomana el català” karaoke contest activities and 40 awareness workshops. The cost of the 21 karaoke contest activities was €53,000, while spending on the awareness workshops came to €13,581.88.

In total 2,600 people took part in the karaoke competitions in addition to the people who attended as spectators.

More detailed information about these activities is given below.

The “1, 2, 3. Encomana el català” karaoke contest

The karaoke contest was held in a 5x5 m marquee bearing the campaign image which formed the central area of the stage. The activity consisted of reproducing a fictional television programme with all the features of a TV game show (initial ident, presenter, hostesses, end ident, theme music, etc.). The contests lasted from 3 to 8 hours depending on the requirements of the CNL managers/officers or the regional DGPL representatives.

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The activity was run as follows:

 Welcome. The presenter of the programme welcomes the audience, introduces his/her assistants and asks them to find volunteers in the audience to take part in the contest.

 Stage 1: quiz.

 Stage 2: karaoke contest. Contestants choose a song from the repertoire (37 songs).

 Stage 3: closure. Gifts are given to all contestants and a prize to the winners.

Once the contest is over, the programme presenter conveys the message of the campaign and the language products and services the DGPL provides for the public. At all the contests there was an information point to publicise the services, resources and tools available for learning and using Catalan. All contestants received a gift with campaign materials: a T-shirt (only for the winners), multifunctional headwear, a notebook, a bookmark, a sticker, a flyer and a pen.

Regional distribution

Sant Jordi

The 2010 campaign was launched in Barcelona on 23 April in front of the Palau Robert to mark St. George’s Day. This year the event was supported by Ràdio Flaixbac. The activity consisted of the “Encomana el català” karaoke and live music performances by Pep Sala, Lax’n’Busto, Els Amics de les Arts, Manu Guix, La Porta dels Somnis, Red In, Vuit, Cesk Freixas, Bikimel, Miquel Abras, Lexu’s and Filippo Landini.

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Between performances the karaoke presenter and facilitators encouraged the audience to take part in the competition. A tent next to the stage was the information point that also distributed the campaign’s promotional materials.

20 regional editions

The regional distribution of the karaoke contest activity in 2010 was as follows:

 Barcelona metropolitan area: 5

 Barcelona counties: 6

 Girona: 3

 Lleida: 2

 Tarragona: 3

 Terres de l’Ebre: 1

See the figure “Karaoke contest 2010” in chapter VI.

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The karaoke contest activity was carried out between April and July 2010.

Town Date Event Barcelona 23 April St. George’s Day Lleida 24 April Spring Festival Blanes 26 April St. George’s Festival Falset 1 May 15th Wine Fair Tortosa 2 May Expoebre Fair Vilafranca del Penedès 15 May May fairs and festivals Cardedeu 22 May Sant Isidre Fair 29 May Commercial and Industrial Show – VXL Closing Session Girona 4 June TotCat Fair

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Tarragona 5 June Multi-sport afternoon Salt 10 June VxL, CCA and IES Closing Session L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 12 June Collblanc Town Festival Sta. Coloma de Gramenet 15 June VxL Festival 16 June IES Badalona 17 June Cultural Capital Sant Cugat 18 June CCA and VxL Closing Festival Valls 20 June Town Festival Terrassa 3 July Town Festival El Prat de Llobregat 5 July Summer in El Prat (organisations) Puigcerdà 8 July Roser Cultural Week Ullastrell 31 July Summer activities

“Encomana el català” awareness workshops

The “Encomana el català” workshop is a dynamic and interactive activity that involves groups working on real language situations drawn from everyday life through role-playing. Specifically they look at three concepts: language management, neglect of language and social cohesion. The activity lasts an hour and is divided as follows:

 Workshop presentation  Explanation of the dynamics of role-playing  Staging of the situations  Feedback  Resources for tackling the language situations covered  Assessment and closure of the activity

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A few days before the activity, participants were given an outline of the workshop so they could learn about its goals, purpose and structure and the definitions of basic concepts that would subsequently be used at the workshop. They were also given the “Encomana el català” folder containing the campaign material:

 dossier with the content worked on  multifunctional headwear  notebook  flyer  sticker  bookmark  pen

The support material for staging the workshop consisted of some laminated posters designed to provoke discussion about the various language situations.

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Question for reflection:

Regional distribution of the workshops

A total of 40 workshops were run that were distributed regionally as follows:

 Barcelona metropolitan area: 7  Barcelona counties: 12  Girona: 7  Lleida: 4  Tarragona: 8  Terres de l’Ebre: 2

See the figure for the percentages of the language awareness workshops in 2010 in chapter VI.

Schedule

The activities were carried out from March to July 2010.

Town Date Lleida 15/03/2010 Girona 19/03/2010 Salt 23/03/2010 Castelldefels 24/03/2010 Lleida 25/03/2010 Girona 17/04/2010 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 17/04/2010 Sta. Coloma de Gramenet 19/04/2010

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Town Date Tarragona 20/04/2010 Tortosa 21/04/2010 Cambrils 22/04/2010 Falset 23/04/2010 Roses 26/04/2010 Reus 27/04/2010 Rubí 29/04/2010 Tarragona 29/04/2010 Barbera del Vallès 04/05/2010 06/05/2010 Cardedeu 14/05/2010 Figueres 14/05/2010 Cornellà de Llobregat 18/05/2010 Valls 19/05/2010 Terrassa 25/05/2010 Molins de Rei 27/05/2010 Figueres 28/05/2010 Reus 28/05/2010 Vacarisses 31/05/2010 Girona 04/06/2010 Vilafranca del Penedès 10/06/2010 Granollers 11/06/2010 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 13/06/2010 Torelló 14/06/2010 Tarragona 16/06/2010 Badalona 17/06/2010 Tàrrega 28/06/2010 Terrassa 28/06/2010 Amposta 29/06/2010 Llinars del Vallès 07/07/2010 Montornès del Vallès 12/07/2010 (Les Garrigues) 16/07/2010

Target groups and participation

The workshops were addressed to various groups, especially those who work with the public, and were distributed as follows:

 15 workshops for local government employees  10 workshops for VxL programme participants  7 workshops for cultural organisations  2 workshops for retail employees  2 workshops for the staff dealing with the public in hospitals  1 workshop for the staff dealing with the public in universities  1 workshop for dining room supervisors  2 workshops for CCOO and UGT staff

The number of people taking part in the workshops varied from 15 to 25. A total of 566 people attended them.

Assessment of the activities in the campaign

Both activities have been positively evaluated by stakeholders: the participants, coordination organisations (the CNL and regional language policy services), the Service for the Promotion of the

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Use of Catalan and the company contracted. The activities have got across the message of the campaign with a positive, relaxed and cheerful tone as was intended. As the participation and contributions from local normalisation centres was built into the programme from the start, this has resulted in the performance of closely coordinated activities that have been agreed between the stakeholders.

Assessment of the karaoke contest

The overall assessment by the language normalisation centres has been as follows:

Rating of the karaoke contest activity (CNL)

Activities % of total Very good 9 43% Good 11 52% Average 1 5% Poor 0 0%

See the figure featuring the rating percentages for the karaoke contest activity 2010 CNL in chapter VI.

The General Directorate for Language Policy was in continuous contact with the people in charge of the activity in each town, whether from a CNL or officers from the DGPL in Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Tortosa, to coordinate the events.

Assessment of the awareness workshop

The workshops were very highly rated, as the participants gave them a score of 3.6 out of 4, the coordinating organisations (CNL and DGPL) 3.3 and the facilitators who had given the workshops an average of 3.8.

See the figure featuring the overall rating for the awareness workshops (from 0 to 4) in chapter VI.

The General Directorate for Language Policy was in continuous contact with the people in charge of the activity in each town, whether from a CNL or officers from the DGPL in Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Tortosa, to coordinate the workshops.

3.2. “Canto sense vergonya” 2010

On 24 and 25 April, the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Language Normalisation Centre at Lleida and Lleida City Council organised the sixth “Canto sense vergonya” (I’m not shy about singing) concert at Lleida as one of the events held to mark St. George’s Day and with the goal of fostering the use of Catalan and Occitan in music produced by young people. The concert was partnered by Lleida Televisió, Segre Ràdio and the Association of Professional Musicians of Catalonia. The concert was first put on in 2005 as part of the “Dóna corda al català” (Give Catalan a Boost) campaign and since then has continued on with its own distinct identity. The concert is not competitive; there are no fees and the idea is to give groups and individual performers the chance to start playing in public and do some self-promotion. It is addressed to groups who make music in Catalan or Occitan, regardless of their style of music and level of artistic achievement.

The sixth “Canto sense vergonya” concert brought together 120 musicians in 13 groups and had the support of six programmes broadcast by Lleida Televisió and Segre Ràdio. These programmes were master classes taught by a famous musician and have been used to introduce the participating groups and promote communication and the exchange of experiences. The Catalan artists who took part in the programmes were Jofre Bardagí, Joan Reig (Els Pets), Quico Pi de la Serra, Salva Racero (Lax’n’Busto), Quim Vila and Rubén Sierra (La Pegatina). Television coverage was rounded off with a two hour special showing the best of the concert. The complete concert could also be viewed in real time as a webcast over the Internet.

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3.3. Funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia

In order to foster the social use of Catalan, in 2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy announced its annual call for funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia (Resolution VCP/7150/2010, dated 21 January).

The call is open to specific actions designed to foster the use of Catalan in Catalonia carried out by not-for-profit private organisations headquartered in Catalonia, professional associations, business organisations, trade unions, etc.

Support has been given to actions in areas in which the use of Catalan is deficient, with priority afforded to the following: a) Actions which foster the use of Catalan in the field of employment and business. b) Actions which foster the use of Catalan in the field of justice and the law. c) Actions which foster the use of Catalan in the field of health. d) Actions which foster the use of Catalan which are geared towards young people aged from 15 to 29. e) Actions which foster the use of Catalan which are geared towards people who do not habitually speak in Catalan. f) Actions which are part of the campaigns to promote the use of Catalan run by the General Directorate for Language Policy. g) Actions which come under the Voluntariat per la llengua programme and its philosophy.

A total of 98 projects have applied for funding under the call for 2010. 61 of them have been accepted, of which 52 are run by organisations and 9 by foundations. Support has been given to a wide range of projects. In the sphere of the Voluntariat per la llengua, subsidies have been given to 13 projects, for a total amount of €59,900, run by organisations including Òmnium Cultural, Sants, Hostafrancs and la Bordeta Secretariat, the Coordinadora Gai-Lesbiana (Gay and Lesbian Coordinating Committee), Atzavara – Arrels Association, the Vincle Foundation and the Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya (UFEC – Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia). Support has also been given to the virtual language pairs project run by the Parlacatala.org Association. (For more information see the section 2.2.4, “VxL in associations”, in this chapter and in chapter VI.)

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As for business organisations funding has been awarded to the “Oberts al català” (Open to Catalan) campaign run by the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation), activities to promote language tools run by employers’ organisation PIMEC and the promotional project addressed to young businesspeople carried out by the Associació Independent de Joves Empresaris (AIJEC – Independent Young Entrepreneurs Association of Catalonia).

In the field of immigration support has been given to projects being run by organisations including the Samba Kubally Intercultural Association, Càritas Diocese of Barcelona, Casal dels Infants per l’Acció Social als Barris (Children’s Centre for Social Action in the Neighbourhoods) and the Associació de Treballadors Pakistanesos de Catalunya (Association of Pakistani Workers in Catalonia).

In the sphere of young people, funding has been given to the alternative leisure programme VPK run by the Fundació Marianao, the Expressa’t en català (Express Yourself in Catalan) project run by the Fundació Catalana de l’Esplai (Catalan Recreational Foundation) and the guide to musical resources for Catalan language music produced by the Associació Cultural Catalunya Rock.

Turning to organisations whose goal is to defend the Catalan language, subsidies have been awarded, for example, to the ADEC’s campaign to promote labelling in Catalan, to the 2010 Correllengua Catalan promotion campaign run by the Coordinadora d’Associacions per la Llengua (CAL – Associations for the Language Coordinating Committee) and to the awareness campaign to foster the use of Catalan in the “Tallers per la llengua” (Workshops for the Language). Support has also been given to the 7th Conference on the Use of Catalan in the Legal Field and Language Rights, run by the Associació de Juristes en Defensa de la Llengua Pròpia (Association of Jurists in Defence of Catalonia’s Own Language), and the Language and Consumer Affairs Conference organised by Consum Català, the Catalan Consumers’ Association.

The amount awarded as funding for initiatives designed to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia in 2010 has come to €501,700 for projects presented by organisations and €81,800 for projects presented by foundations.

Projects subsidised by area of action

Care; 5.8% Professional Other; 7.11% association; 1.2% Trade unions; 9.15% Cultural; 12.20%

Young people; 4.7% Defence of the Immigration; 5.8% language; 7.11% Sport; 2.3% Business; 8.13% Law; 1.2%

Care Professional association Cultural Defence of the language Law Business Sport Immigration Young people Trade unions Other

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3.4. Census of organisations promoting the Catalan language

As part of the partnership between the General Directorate for Language Policy and non-profit organisations, in 2002 the Department of Culture established the Census of organisations that promote the use of Catalan to encourage them to continue working in this field. Donations to foundations and associations registered in the census have been deductible for personal income tax purposes since then. This is established in article 1 of the Tax and Administrative Measures Act 21/2001, dated 28 December (DOGC no. 3543A, dated 31 December 2001). The Act provides for a tax credit of 15% of the amounts given, up to a maximum limit of 10% of the regional total tax due. Order CLT/82/2002, dated 15 March (DOGC. no. 3603, dated 26 March 2002), governs the procedure for drawing up and updating the census of organisations whose purpose is promoting the Catalan language. Promoting the Catalan language means carrying out activities that foster positive attitudes towards Catalan or tend to increase its knowledge or use among the general public or in specific groups, and also research into Catalan or its situation.

All the foundations and associations included in the Census present an annual report to the General Directorate for Language Policy that certifies compliance with the purpose of promoting the Catalan language. Foundations and associations that are legally constituted before 1 January of the year in which they submit their application and whose byelaws expressly state the purpose of promoting the Catalan language before the date indicated can ask to be included in the census.

In 2010, the Census of organisations whose purpose is to promote Catalan consisted of the following 55 organisations pursuant to Resolution VCP/2266/2010, dated 1 July (DOGC no. 5667, dated 09.07.2010), and Resolution VCP/3691/2010, dated 10 November (DOGC no. 5760, dated 22.11.2010).

 Amics de la UNESCO de Barcelona*  Acció Escolar del Congrés de Cultura Catalana  Associació Cívica per la Llengua El Tempir d’Elx  Associació Conèixer Catalunya. 20 Anys del Congrés de Cultura (ACCAT)*  Associació Cultural del Matarranya  Associació d’Amics de la Bressola  Associació de Juristes en Defensa de la Llengua Pròpia  Associació de Mestres Rosa Sensat*  Associació de Publicacions Periòdiques en Català (APPEC)  Associació d’Editors en Llengua Catalana  Associació d’Escriptors en Llengua Catalana  Associació en Defensa de l’Etiquetatge en Català (ADEC)  Associació Llengua Nacional  Associació per a la Salvaguarda del Patrimoni Historicocultural de l’Alguer  Associació Plataforma per la Llengua - Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer  Ateneu Barcelonès  Ateneu d’Acció Cultural (ADAC)  Ateneu Santcugatenc*  Casal dels Infants per a l’Acció Social als Barris  Centre de la Cultura Catalana d’Andorra  Centre Internacional Escarré per a les Minories Ètniques i les Nacions (CIEMEN)  Centre d’Agermanament Occitano-Català (CAOC)  Confederació Sindical de la Comissió Obrera Nacional de Catalunya  Coordinadora d’Associacions per la Llengua Catalana (CAL)  Escoltes Catalans  Federació d’Organitzacions per la Llengua Catalana (FOLC)  Fundació Cavall Fort  Fundació Cultura, Cultura Catalana en Moviment, Fundació Privada*  Fundació La Roda d’Accions Culturals i del Lleure  Fundació Orfeó Gracienc  Fundació President Josep Irla i Bosch  Fundació Privada de la Passió d’Esparreguera

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 Fundació Privada d’Entitats Culturals de Badia del Vallès (FEC)*  Fundació Privada Lluís Carulla  Fundació Privada Nous Horitzons  Fundació Privada Òmnium  Fundació Privada Pimec*  Fundació Privada Reeixida*  Fundació Privada Servei Solidari per la Inclusió Social*  Fundació Privada Torrens-Ibern  Fundació Privada Vincle  Fundació Privada Virolai  GR5 Cultura i Societat de la Informació  Institut de Projecció Exterior de la Cultura Catalana (IPPEC)  Institut d’Estudis Eivissencs  Intersindical - Confederació Sindical de Catalunya  Lluïsos de Gràcia*  Minyons Escoltes i Guies Sant Jordi de Catalunya (MEGSJC)*  Òmnium Cultural  Plataforma Sobirania i Progrés*  Plataforma Universitària pel Català  Romaquí*  Tallers per la Llengua  Unió Sindical Obrera de Catalunya (USOC)  Veu Pròpia*

The number of organisations that are in the census has grown since its inception. In 2010, the number of organisations included in the census has increased by 19.5%. Most organisations that are part of it renew their registration every year.

ORGANISATIONS IN THE CENSUS

60 55 50 46 42 43 40 40 41 31 38 37 36 Org. in the census 27 30 26 31 Org. renewing 22 27 26 20 22

10

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.5. Encouraging businesses

3.5.1. The language and CSR

In February 2008, the Department of Economy and Finance, now called Economy and Knowledge, in the Government of Catalonia, acting through the Catalan Consumer Agency, and the leading business organisations in Catalonia signed a framework cooperation agreement to put in place consumer and market transparency activities geared towards improving the wellbeing of customers

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IV. The actions of the Government and consumers. The third point in this agreement refers to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the fourth to language normalisation.

The General Directorate for Language Policy was tasked by the Department of Economy and Knowledge to develop this point, and in doing so it came up with a proposal that directly relates corporate social responsibility and language policy.

In order to develop this concept (corporate social responsibility and language) jointly and with the full participation by all parties to the agreement, a special working committee was set up in the Framework Agreement Monitoring Committee with members from all stakeholders: Generalitat of Catalonia departments with powers in consumer affairs, business policy and language policy and business organisations.

Within this framework, the General Directorate for Language Policy introduced two measures concerning the Catalan language in the Generalitat’s Corporate Social Responsibility Measures Plan 2009-2010, as part of a joint undertaking between the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Departments of Economy and Knowledge and Enterprise and Employment. (See section 6, “Language in the Government’s interdepartmental plans [summary table]”.)

The General Directorate for Language Policy has also opened a corporate social responsibility and language section on the Catalan language website (http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/RSE). Furthermore, in 2010 the Company Care Point has been launched, a support and guidance service for businesses and entrepreneurs providing access to a wide array of resources, ranging from diagnostic tools for finding out the actual language situation of a company to online language tools. More information is available at www.gencat.cat/llengua/puntempresa.

Along the same lines and in partnership with the Department of Enterprise and Employment (the Department of Employment until December 2010), elements of corporate social responsibility and language have been introduced into the Guia pla d’empresa (Business Plan Guide).

Moreover, the Department of Enterprise and Employment has also been working on corporate social responsibility from the standpoint of improving communication skills, since a greater mastery of Catalan contributes towards equal opportunities, social and cultural integration and enhanced job prospects.

This has resulted in a publication about corporate social responsibility that focuses on language issues based on a conceptualisation of the issues, identification of best practice and identification of some points of view by of stakeholders.

The outcome has been the book Empresa i llengua. Un enfocament de responsabilitat social empresarial per aportar valor a tots els grup d’interès (Company and Language: an approach to corporate social responsibility to provide value to all stakeholders), which is available in electronic format on the departmental website http://bit.ly/lT70xz in addition to being distributed under a Creative Commons licence. Written by Josep Maria Canyelles, an expert on global responsibility issues in Catalonia, and coordinated by the Department of Employment, it is designed to be a tool that enables government to promote CSR in the business environment. The book looks at aspects of language as another component of the management of corporate social responsibility, in addition to providing examples of best practice that can be used in various contexts. Designed especially for business use, it seeks to uncover new ways of approaching the management of language issues that goes beyond regulations to explore their entrepreneurial potential. The theoretical reasons and examples show that the formulas for incorporating language issues are diverse and can be adapted to each business model and context. It also reinforces the idea that proper management of the development of an advanced corporate culture creates value for all stakeholders.

3.5.2. “Oberts al català” campaign

Food services and hotels is one of the sectors which has most felt the effect of the demographic changes brought about by immigration. In these types of establishments, where there is often a high turnover of workers and businesspeople, cases have been found of breach of prevailing language legislation in addition to very low levels of Catalan use.

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In this sociolinguistic context it is essential to facilitate the integration of immigrants in the Catalan commercial and trading fabric, and hence in the associations which represent it, to inform and advise them about the regulations which they have to observe and to provide them with the resources they need.

In 2006 the Government of Catalonia and the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation) started up their “Oberts al català” (Open to Catalan) campaign addressed to all shopkeepers and traders in Catalonia and in particular to immigrants, whether owners or workers, connected with the retail and trading sector, in order to promote the use of Catalan in commercial establishments. The campaign is geared towards enhancing service quality and be of direct benefit to Catalan consumers, who will be able to be served in their own language; to tourists, who will perceive the singularity of the country, and to the integration of immigrant workers.

The target audiences for the campaign are as follows:

 Shops and trading businesses in general, shopkeepers and traders’ associations, immigrant associations, business organizations, institutions, immigrant employers and workers in restaurants and hotels, etc., all over Catalonia

 Immigrant businesspeople

 Newcomers who want to open a business

In 2010 the campaign has focused on the following areas of activities:

Maintaining the overall campaign and implementing it more thoroughly, with the following objectives:

 Promoting the use of Catalan in the retail, services and tourism sector in Catalonia so that the language becomes an identifying element.

 Informing and raising awareness among new businesspeople who set up in Catalonia about how language should be used in their establishments and the regulations they have to comply with when opening their establishment.

 Integrating shopkeepers and traders, especially ones who are recent immigrants, in the regional and sector commercial fabric of the country.

 Informing them of the benefits of using Catalan for their business.

The following actions have been taken in these areas:

 Publication of sector dictionaries for butchers’ shops  Distribution of the course Viure a Catalunya. Aprenem català (Living in Catalonia: let’s learn Catalan)  Provision of language and advisory services while the Plan is in operation  Continuous information for immigrant entrepreneurs  Reissuing of material for the “Oberts al català” (Open to Catalan) campaign  Maintenance and annual updating of the web version of the Guia per instal·lar-se comercialment en català (Guide to Establishing a Trading Enterprise in Catalan)  Distributing materials: Code of best practice for the use of Catalan in trading enterprises Guia per instal·lar-se comercialment en català Com obrir un comerç (How to open a business) guide

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Campaign addressed to tourism

As a continuation of the campaign in the food services and hotel sectors, the campaign has been opened up to tourism and therefore has reached its final extension after being initially addressed to the trade sector and the services sector (2006).

Hence in 2010 a cooperation agreement has been signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation) to carry out the “Oberts al català al turisme” (Open to Catalan to tourism) campaign.

Target audience

 Tourists: 23,000,000 tourists per year in Catalonia.

 Tourism establishments: retail, food services and hotels, travel agencies, etc.

 Workers in these establishments, especially immigrants.

 Catalan domestic tourism: at present there are 5,000,000 tourists per year and there is a rising trend of Catalan tourism in Catalonia.

Goals

 Show tourists who come to Catalonia that Catalan is the normal language of use in the retail, services and tourism sectors.

 Raise awareness among workers who come into contact with tourists about the need to use Catalan as a sign of national identity.

 Promote the language as a representative component of the Catalan brand.

 Provide information about the commercial reality of Catalonia as an enriching and culturally distinctive element in the country: small and medium-sized retail outlets, markets, etc.

 Promote the use of Catalan when dealing with the public in all areas of tourism (retail, restaurants, hotels, tourist information, etc.) with an eye to domestic tourism.

 Raise awareness among sector businesspeople about the need for and the importance of the presence of Catalan in their businesses in order to ensure service quality.

The following actions have been taken as part of this campaign in 2010:

 Publishing materials: 1,000 copies of posters with the image and slogan of the campaign in Catalan and translated into Spanish, French, English, Italian, German, Russian and Japanese, 400,000 copies of an informative booklet, a welcome guide in monolingual versions in Catalan, Spanish, French, English, Italian, German, Russian and Japanese, 500 dispenser or holder units and 18,400 units of promotional material.

 Public launch of the campaign on 17 September 2010 at the Barcelona Catedral Hotel at a joint press conference given by the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya, the Government of Catalonia agencies involved and Barcelona City Council.

Key distribution points

The twenty top tourist sites, tourism offices and hotels have been selected in the Barcelona area for the initial phase of the campaign.

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3.5.3. The CPNL and language promotion in the fields of business and trading

The CPNL seeks to ensure that the maximum number of organisations use Catalan in their communication and work systems. With this goal in mind, the Consortium offers support to companies and commercial establishments and gives them advice and resources so that they can work in Catalan on a level playing field with the other languages that they use.

The Consortium’s commitment to these organisations is given shape in cooperation agreements and accords under which the CPNL conducts activities that promote the Catalan language, especially the organisation of language courses and advice, and is based on work plans tailored to the needs of each organisation.

In 2010 a total of 2,019 new cooperation agreements have been signed with companies, associations and government, of which 826 have been with the business sector.

A significant number of these agreements have been signed to run the programme for companies dealing with the public and also for shops that work with the Voluntariat per la llengua programme.

 Companies

A plan has been drawn up for the socio-economic sphere to support companies in training their staff who deal with the public, funded by the General Directorate for Language Policy and carried out by the CPNL. This plan seeks to get companies to commit to and take joint responsibility for normally using Catalan when serving the public. The plan is aimed at companies which have departments and/or services that deal with the public, especially in the food and care for the elderly sectors.

As part of this plan 28 courses have been organised with a total of 325 enrolments, 183 companies have been visited and 23 cooperation agreements have been signed.

This plan enables companies to offer higher quality customer service while it allows customers and users to choose the language they want to be served in. Furthermore, it also offers language training to the workers in these companies, thus increasing their professional skills.

In addition, since 2008 the CPNL has been working in conjunction with the Consorci per a la Formació Contínua (CFCC – Consortium for Continuing Education) to foster continuing training in Catalan for people who are active in business. The CPNL offers teaching advisory services and approved certification for the courses that are part of these training schemes. In 2010 there have been 32 such courses for which 189 people have enrolled.

 Restaurants and hotels

At present, customers cannot be served in Catalan in many hotels, bars and restaurants because the people who work in these establishments lack the language ability to do so. Hence in order to ensure that staff working with the public in establishments in this sector can provide service in Catalan, there is a need to prioritise incentives for the oral use of the language. To that end, the CPNL has continued to carry out activities in the restaurant and hotel sector, especially for recent immigrants who work in it, such as running specialist courses and drawing up teaching materials.

In the 2009-2010 academic year, 54 specific courses have been run for the restaurant sector as part of the Català a taula (Catalan at the table), Sessions de llengua catalana per a l’hoteleria (Catalan language sessions for the hotel and food services sector), Tastets de llengua (Sampling languages) and Català d’urgència al restaurant (Essential restaurant Catalan) programmes, which are tailored to the situation of each establishment to meet its training needs.

3,778 people have enrolled for specific CPNL courses for people working in the restaurant sector.

More information about the courses can be found in chapter VI.

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3.5.4. De Tot Cat Trade Fair

The De Tot Cat trade fair, set up to promote and encourage the use of Catalan in business and especially in the labelling of products and in company services, was held on 4, 5 and 6 June 2010.

The event, which took place at the Girona Trade Fair Centre, was sponsored by Girona City Council in conjunction with the Girona Trade Fair and the Department of Enterprise and Employment (Innovation, Universities and Enterprise until December 2010) in the Government of Catalonia and was also supported by Girona Provincial Council, the Associació en Defensa de l’Etiquetatge en Català (ADEC – Association for the Defence of Labelling in Catalan), the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform), the Catalan Consumer Agency, the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the county councils in Girona province, the Generalitat Centre at Perpignan, the University of Girona, the Associació de Publicacions Periòdiques en Català (APPEC – Association of Periodical Publications in Catalan) and the Plataforma Proseleccions Catalanes (Platform for Catalan National Sports Teams), among others.

Goals

The main objectives of the fair were as follows:

 Promote businesses that use Catalan in their products or services.

 Make institutions, companies and consumers aware of the innovation entailed by introducing Catalan into everyday life.

 Raise awareness and encourage businesses that still do not use Catalan in their products or services.

 Provide a meeting point between companies and customers who are interested in buying Catalan products. Create customer loyalty.

 Establish new business ties between companies and distributors.

 Provide information about legislation governing the rights of consumers to receive information about the products they buy in Catalan.

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3.5.4.1. Girona Commitment

On Friday 4 June a ceremony was held at the De Tot Cat fair to ratify the agreement entered into when joining the “A taula, en català” (At the table in Catalan) campaign, run for many years by the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) and the Associació en Defensa de l’Etiquetatge en Català (ADEC – Association in Defence of Labelling in Catalan), and which has been given fresh impetus by this ceremony called the Girona Commitment. The campaign aims to promote the use of Catalan in the labelling of products by promoting their consumption in public and private institutions and organisations.

The Girona Commitment logo

The event was attended by some fifty institutions and organisations out of the more than 300 which have joined the campaign, in addition to businesspeople committed to labelling in Catalan who had stands at the fair. The event was presented and entertained by actor Pep Plaza and also featured a talk by Josep Maria Terricabras.

The Commitment manifesto, which is reproduced below, was read out at the end of the ceremony.

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“A taula, en català”. Girona Commitment

The representatives of institutions and organisations which over recent years have joined the ‘A taula, en català’ (At the table in Catalan) campaign, run by the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) and the Associació en Defensa de l’Etiquetatge en Català (ADEC – Association in Defence of Labelling in Catalan), have met in the city of Girona on 4 June 2010 to announce their commitment to use products that include the Catalan language.

‘A taula, en català’ is a campaign to normalise the labelling of commercial products. It seeks to promote responsible consumption that is respectful of the Catalan language, condemn the exceptional situation of consumers in our country, make evident the injustice committed by some companies that do not adapt their products to meet current needs, promote businesses that observe this quality criterion when dealing with their customers, and finally call for legislation making it mandatory to receive product information in Catalan in the same way as is provided for in the case of other languages comparable with ours.

This commitment is not simply a statement of good intentions. Each of us undertakes from the perspective of our own institution or entity to turn it into reality. We want this commitment to be embodied in tangible facts. We want this commitment that we are today presenting in Girona to be a step forward in the full normalisation of our language.

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Speech by the Honourable Josep Huguet, Minister for Innovation, Universities and Enterprise

3.5.4.2. Workshops and roundtables

Apart from the commercial aspect of the Fair, it was also designed to drive the creation of opinion about the use of Catalan in labelling and normalise its use in the socioeconomic sphere.

 Career Guidance Workshop: Catalan in Companies, a Shared Commitment

On the morning of Friday, 4 June a workshop about Catalan in corporate social responsibility was held for professionals and businesspeople. The event was divided into three parts.

The first part was a roundtable entitled "Language in corporate social responsibility", which was attended by Bernat Gasull, the head of the Business Unit at the Plataforma per la Llengua, Xavier Albertí, manager at Embotits La Selva, Rosa Calafat, the scientific secretary of the UNESCO Chair in Languages and Education, and Josep Maria Canyelles, an expert in corporate social responsibility. Jordi Cuixart, a member of the Òmnium Cultural board and director of Aranow, chaired the event.

Roundtable: “Language in corporate social responsibility”

The second part of the event consisted of the presentation of the .cat domain by Jordi Iparraguirre, Director of the puntCAT Foundation, who gave a talk entitled “.cat to make companies grow”.

The third and final part of the event was a roundtable entitled "Language in structuring the cross- border economic area", which was attended by Bernat Joan, the then Secretary of Language Policy in the Government of Catalonia, Jordi Terol, sales director at Collverd, Joan Gaubí, President of the North Catalonia business association Fem Feina, and Isidor Marí, head of the ELAN study. Joan-Pere Le Bihan, director general of La Bressola, chaired the event.

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Roundtable: “Language in structuring the cross-border economic area”

 Mini-presentations: “Emprenem el futur”

On the morning of Saturday 5 June, the events room at the Trade Fair Centre was the venue for the “Emprenem el futur” mini-presentations event, which gave 21 entrepreneurs the chance to present their projects: Pau Canaleta political consultant; Miquel Saperas, the head of Avellana Digital and the www.productesdelaterra.cat portal; Maribel Vela, the manager of Eitravel; Jesús Moreno, the creator of the txus.cat website; Josep Borrell, the head of Moska artisan beer; Joan Canadell, a member of the Cercle Català de Negocis (Catalan Business Club); Albert Riba, the head of Kinetikal; Àlex Duran, the head of Winebreak; Erik Weirdheim, the head of Puck Import, official distributor of RFSU condoms in Catalan; Anna Codina, a consultant at Giroscopi; Jordi Estalella, the head of the www.tastets.cat portal; Miquel Duran, lecturer at the University of Girona; Ferran Rodero, the ACC1Ó representative in Girona; Víctor Martín, the head of Space Delta; Marçal Orri, a member of PDCat, Catalan DJs; Miquel Pellicer, the head of content and community manager at sports newspaper El Mundo Deportivo, Ramon Carner; the head of the Xarxa d’Establiments amb Consciència Nacional (Xecna – Network of Establishments with a National Consciousness); Pol Navarro, channels director at Banc Sabadell; personal coach Rosa Sabaté; Germà Capdevila, editor of Catalonia Today; and businesswoman Georgina Regàs.

Presentation of “La tònica catalana i els Bombo Cracks”, one of the talks at the micro-presentations event

 Roundtable: “Un cafè per la llengua sobre la presència del català a Internet”

On the afternoon of Saturday 5 June a roundtable was held to discuss the presence of Catalan on the Internet, with the participation of Jordi Iparraguirre, director of the puntCAT Foundation, Joan Soler, the WICCAC coordinator, Joaquim Pérez from Softcatalà, and Josué Sallent, the director general of the Information Society. The head of the Communication Department at the Consortium for Language Normalisation, Mercè Romagosa, chaired the event.

The roundtable also promoted the “Un cafè per la llengua” (A café for the language) campaign, taking advantage of the presence at the Fair of its sponsor, Obra Cultural Balear. An official from the organisation, Rafel Sedano, presented this participatory campaign to support the Catalan language.

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3.5.4.3. Other activities

In addition to these informative events other activities were also conducted to promote the use of Catalan in a more recreational way: tastings of Catalan products labelled in Catalan, such as artisan beers and wines, and a number of concerts by leading groups from the Catalan language area.

Furthermore, a mock-up 85 m2 flat was put up in the central part of the Trade Fair facility designed to make it possible to “live in Catalan”, and which showcased the wide variety of consumer products available on the market which use Catalan.

Communication plan

This first fair was publicised through a communication campaign using all possible media to reach the maximum number of people possible, without discriminating by age, social class or gender, and right across the Catalan-speaking territories. Publicity for the activities began in mid-April and lasted until the weekend the Fair was held. The following communication actions were carried out:

More information about the fair and on the activities run there can be found on the website www.detotcat.cat.

Schedule section on the website www.detotcat.cat

3.6. Language promotion in specific professional groups

In order to raise awareness and drive the use of Catalan in certain sectors where the presence of Catalan has traditionally been low, in 2010 the Government of Catalonia has implemented the following measures for specific professional groups.

3.6.1. Justice administration staff and legal professionals

The DGPL, together with the relevant agency in the Department of Justice, has sought the cooperation and direct involvement of the respective professional associations in the legal sphere in order to drive the use of Catalan in the exercise of their profession.

Lawyers

In December 2008, the framework cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia to foster the use of Catalan in the legal profession was approved and subsequently renewed on 14 December 2010. This framework agreement is the stage for regular cooperation which is given shape every year in a Work Plan which contains the

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Notaries

On 23 December 2009 a cooperation agreement was signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Association of Notaries of Catalonia in order to put in place joint actions to promote the use of Catalan in the field of notary services. This Agreement included the Work Plan for 2010 which has featured language integration activities and Catalan language and specialised professional language training schemes for notaries. (More information is available in section 5.2 in this chapter.)

Registrars

On 13 July 2010, the Government of Catalonia and the Association of Land, Commercial and Personal Property Registrars of Catalonia signed a framework cooperation agreement in order to take joint actions to promote the use of Catalan in the field of registries. (More information is available in section 5.2 in this chapter.)

Court representatives

On 19 October 2010 a cooperation agreement was signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Catalan Associations of Court Representatives to promote the use of Catalan. (More information is available in section 5.2 in this chapter.)

Judges and public prosecutors

In 2010, the Government of Catalonia, through the Department of Justice and the DGPL, has continued its programme of language integration activities for judges and public prosecutors who have recently come to Catalonia. These activities consist of communications and face-to-face sessions designed firstly to inform the judges and public prosecutors about the sociolinguistic situation in Catalonia and the language rights of citizens in their relations with the Administration of Justice, and secondly to offer them personalised support and online resources to make working in Catalan easy and accessible. (More information is available in section 5.2 in this chapter.)

3.6.2. Restaurant and service personnel

The PROFIT (Programme for Comprehensive Training for Workers) programme was set up in order to meet the current needs of various key sectors in trade and tourism in Catalonia.

Its main purpose is to meet the requirements of sector businesspeople for training for their staff to enhance service and care for customers in their establishments.

Training in providing spoken care in Catalan is a component of service quality that is included in the occupational training schemes.

The main activities of this programme are courses tailored to each business sector and designed to deliver training and skills recycling for workers in establishments so that they can provide what customers most want: good service and proper communication in the language that they choose.

The programme was divided into 5 different types of courses:

 PROFIT Restaurants, with the course to improve the quality of waiting service in restaurants.

 PROFIT Hotels, with the course to improve the quality of room service waiters and chambermaids.

 PROFIT Bakeries and Cake Shops, with the course to improve quality for shop assistants in bakeries and cake shops.

 PROFIT Retail, with the course to improve service quality in clothes and accessories shops.

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 PROFIT Retail Supermarkets, with the course to improve service quality in supermarkets.

The courses are for people who are working but do not have specific training in the skills of their trade or need to improve them, and do not speak Catalan, or have little knowledge of it or do not normally use it.

From when the programme began (April 2008) until 31 December 2010, 400 courses have been run which have been taken by 3,741 students. In 2010, 158 courses have been conducted for 1,565 students, broken down by sector as follows:

Programme Courses Students

PROFIT Restaurants 48 courses 400 students PROFIT Hotels 51 courses 490 students PROFIT Bakeries and Cake Shops 40 courses 515 students PROFIT Retail Clothes and Accessories 9 courses 78 students PROFIT Retail Supermarkets 10 courses 82 students TOTAL 158 courses 1,565 students

The CPNL has partnered the PROFIT programme in 2010 in five areas: drawing up materials for the programme’s courses, training and follow-up for PROFIT course trainers, coordination of information talks for PROFIT students across the country, running facilitation activities in establishments where the PROFIT courses are held, and organising a training course for Consortium officers involved in the programme.

4. Language services for the public

4.1. The catalogue of General Directorate for Language Policy services

In order to increase knowledge of Catalan among the adult population in Catalonia and make it easier to use the language, the General Directorate for Language Policy makes available to the public at large products and services geared towards both the general user and specific groups. In order to make these services more visible and facilitate public awareness of and access to them, in 2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy has worked on developing its services catalogue, which can currently be found at: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/cataleg.

The purpose of the catalogue is not only to identify and describe the services provided by the General Directorate for Language Policy but also in particular to make them available to their target audience in a suitable way. For this reason, the catalogue includes several indexes to access the services:

. by topics

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. by target audience (general, learners, businesses, institutions and organisations, language professionals) . in alphabetical order

In 2010, the service catalogue has been updated with the inclusion of the Company Care Point and the Llenguatest Empresa (Company Language Test) resource addressed to businesspeople has also been added. The resource is available on the following site: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/llenguatestempresa. It is a self-assessment tool which enables businesspeople to find out the overall situation of Catalan in their companies and based on the findings it suggests useful language resources. Once the form has been filled in the reply is given instantly without having to provide any identifying information. In addition, information about the Voluntariat per la llengua programme in companies and the search engine for language integration resources has been added to the DGPL services catalogue in 2010.

The DGPL plan describes the general communicative situation, analyses the various channels available to the DGPL to communicate and provides guidance for action. In addition to setting out communication strategies, specific communicative actions are also laid down for each service in the catalogue.

The DGPL’s Communication Plan has also been approved in 2010.

4.2. Serving the public

Service for the public is provided through the communication mailbox, a communication channel that encourages participation and consultation by the public and seeks to resolve queries about the Catalan language and provide access to language-related information and services: Catalan certificates, machine translators, Catalan courses, language rights, publications, data about the language, and a wide range of activities and resources.

The communication mailbox is a web application for managing interaction between the public and government. It also allows requests to be made by phone and in person. The public can use these three means (website, phone and in-person) to make their complaints, queries and suggestions. http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/bustia

In 2010, a total of 7,818 requests have been made and dealt with, of which 906 were complaints, 6,814 queries and 98 suggestions.

More indicators are available in chapter VI.

4.3. Language queries: Optimot

Optimot is a language query service for companies and the public at large which helps to answer questions about the Catalan language by means of a language information search engine.

Based on the organic structure of the Catalan Government, the DGPL is responsible for ensuring the proper use of the Catalan language in all the departments of the Generalitat and guaranteeing the application of the rules of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (IEC – Institute for Catalan Studies) and the use of the terminology drawn up by TERMCAT.

This function is carried out through the Language Policy Technical Network, a network of language officers in each department which provides language advice and is supported by the DGPL and the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, which is responsible for providing terminological advice.

Up until February 2008 language advisory services were provided in a decentralised way by four public bodies with diverse functions, specialities, channels and sizes: the Consortium for Language Normalisation (hereinafter the CPNL), the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (hereinafter the IEC) as the academy for the language, and the DGPL. Additionally, on the

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With the setting up of Optimot, the DGPL, working in partnership with the other three organisations, offers a unified service for dealing with language queries which is designed to foster linguistic independence and improve the attention given to language queries from companies and the public at large. It can be accessed over the Internet at http://optimot.gencat.cat or from the Catalan language website at (http://www.gencat.cat/llengua).

Optimot, the language queries service, consists of a language information search engine with a number of built-in sources which helps to resolve doubts about use of Catalan. The sources are the following:

 Diccionari de la llengua catalana (Catalan Dictionary) by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (2nd edition), the normative dictionary for Catalan.

 Terminology dictionaries from TERMCAT. These are the dictionaries drawn up by the TERMCAT Terminology Centre which include specialist vocabulary from a range of areas of knowledge. The files which contain the standardised terms bear the Neoloteca brand. Terms from the Plats a la carta (Dishes a la carte) database have been identified since October 2008.

 Nomenclàtor oficial de toponímia major de Catalunya (Official Nomenclature of Principal Place Names of Catalonia) by the Place Names Commission of Catalonia (2nd edition), the work which contains the official place names of Catalonia.

 Criteris Lingüístics (Language Criteria) collection from the General Directorate for Language Policy, publications about conventions and style:

Abreviacions (Abbreviations) Criteris de traducció de noms, denominacions i topònims (Criteria for translating names, designations and place names) Criteris de traducció de textos normatius del castellà al català (Criteria for translating normative texts from Spanish to Catalan) Documentació jurídica i administrativa (Legal and administrative documents) Majúscules i minúscules (Upper and lower case) Marcar les diferències: la representació de dones i homes a la llengua (Differentiating: the portrayal of men and women in the language)

 Diccionari català-castellà (Catalan-Spanish Dictionary) and Diccionari castellà-català (Spanish-Catalan Dictionary) (4th edition) from Enciclopèdia Catalana, bilingual dictionaries which include general vocabulary, phraseology and proper nouns.

 Optimot files. These are files which deal with the most frequently submitted language queries and other significant aspects of the language.

 Conjugated verbs, conjugation models from the Gramàtica de la llengua catalana (Catalan Grammar) by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (provisional version), featuring the general forms and the main dialectical variants together with the complete development of simple and compound tenses.

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 Nomenclàtor toponímic de la Catalunya del Nord (Nomenclature of Place Names of North Catalonia) by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, the work which contains the Catalan form and pronunciation of the most important place names in North Catalonia.

In 2010 two new sources have been included in Optimot: conjugated verbs from the Gramàtica de la llengua catalana by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (provisional version) and the Nomenclàtor toponímic de la Catalunya del Nord. TERMCAT’s terminology dictionaries have also been updated twice involving the inclusion of 45,000 more entries.

When the search engine is unable to provide an answer to the language query, users can access the personalised attention service which consists of a web page to which written queries can be sent and where the answers to those queries are given. It is also possible to access the service by phone. The service, provided by a team of linguists hired by a company, deals with all categorised queries that it receives and refers those it cannot answer to the relevant bodies: the IEC for issues connected to language rules, TERMCAT in the case of terminology questions, and the DGPL for doubts about language conventions and phraseology.

A company with professionally qualified personnel was hired to provide the language queries service. The work of this team consists of dealing with language queries submitted in writing or over the phone while they also have to draw up explanatory files about the most frequent or interesting doubts and queries which will then be added to the search engine.

As for the drawing up of these Optimot files, the team of linguists puts forward ideas and writes the files which are then validated by relevant bodies on the same principle as used for the referral of queries: the IEC validates files on language rules, TERMCAT ones on specialist vocabulary and terminology, and the DGPL those dealing with conventions and phraseology.

Out of the three aforementioned channels for making language queries (the search engine, personalised attention in writing and personalised attention by phone), whenever possible efforts are made to foster the use of the search engine.

As for the number and type of queries, the bulk of them are made using the search engine (more than 18 million searches in 2010). The personalised attention service has dealt with a total of 7,016 queries (8.89% fewer than those handled in 2009). The people who send most queries to the personalised service are private individuals and people who work for private companies (on non-language tasks) in Barcelona. Of the 6,627 language queries handled by the personalised attention service, the largest number were about vocabulary (general and specialised), followed by syntax, conventions, morphology and spelling.

(Chapter VI contains more information about queries dealt with by Optimot.)

4.4. Machine translators

As part of its policy of making language tools available to the public and businesses, since 2006 the DGPL has offered a machine translation service for the language pairs Catalan-Spanish, Catalan- English, Catalan-French, Catalan-German, Catalan-Occitan and Spanish-Occitan in both translation directions, for the use of the Government of Catalonia and businesses and the public.

It should be borne in mind that when the service began operating in 2006, there were other free machine translators for the Catalan-Spanish language pair, but not for other languages. The Generalitat’s translator, which provided translation services for other language pairs (English and French in 2006, German in 2007 and Occitan and its Aranese variant in 2008), thus filled a gap in the dissemination of tools to promote the Catalan language.

Nowadays, however, there are more machine translators available working in more languages, with a good example being the Google translator (http://translate.google.cat) which translates between Catalan and more than 50 languages. Hence the DGPL, aware that the situation has changed, has updated its machine translation service in 2010 based on current needs so that the Catalan language

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IV. The actions of the Government website now features the free automatic translators from Catalan to other languages that are available on the market.

However, for Occitan and Aranese the situation is different. In November 2008 the Catalan-Occitan- Catalan and Spanish-Occitan-Spanish language pairs were added to the Government of Catalonia’s machine translation service with the same features as there were for other language pairs. The system makes a distinction between general Occitan and the Aranese of the language. Thus when it comes to having a translation done, users can choose from the following translation directions: Catalan-Occitan, Occitan-Catalan, Catalan-Aranese Occitan, Aranese Occitan-Catalan, Spanish-Occitan, Occitan-Spanish, Spanish-Aranese Occitan and Aranese Occitan-Spanish. Hence in this respect this translator is unique inasmuch as it makes using Occitan and its Aranese variant quick and easy, and this in turn helps to foster the production of texts and web pages in the language. In this case the Catalan Government’s machine translation service has been maintained because it is still necessary to provide the public and businesses with a tool like this. The Occitan machine translation system, which is available to the public on the Generalitat’s website (http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/traductoroccita), can be used for online translation of short texts (approximately 2,500 characters) and web pages, and also features the option for webmasters to include translation buttons on their websites.

In the course of 2010 3,096,735,435 words have been translated, with the service being used on 13,962,921 occasions. More data about the translator can be found in chapter VI.

The table below shows the number of words translated by direction of translation.

Volume of words translated, by direction of translation

Direction of translation Number of words translated Catalan > Spanish 709,066,033 Spanish > Catalan 275,335,648 Catalan > English 389,811,788 English > Catalan 474,405,264 Catalan > French 265,709,400 French > Catalan 59,475,058 Catalan > German 48,708,851 German > Catalan 8,771,944 Catalan > Occitan 228,175,961 Occitan > Catalan 1,080,304 Catalan > Aranese 618,790,102 Aranese > Catalan 224,561 Spanish > Occitan 735,635 Occitan > Spanish 1,547,238 Spanish > Aranese 219,840 Aranese > Spanish 14,677,808

4.5. Plats a la carta

With the aim of making writing menus easier for the restaurant sector, the General Directorate for Language Policy, in partnership with TERMCAT, has continued to manage the Plats a la carta (Dishes a la carte) computer application, which makes it possible to create restaurant menus in Catalan and to translate them into Spanish, German, English, French and Italian.

The application can be used free of charge at http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/ platsalacarta/aplicacio.

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Plats a la carta has a database featuring the names of foodstuffs and beverages which in the beginning had 1,691 registers. However at the request of the 8,742 user establishments this has since been expanded to reach the figure of 8,218 validated registers.

In 2010, the General Directorate for Language Policy, in conjunction with the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, carried out a study to assess the operation of the Plats a la carta application. The findings of the study show that Plats a la carta is highly rated in the sector (it gets an average score of more than 7 on a scale from 0 to 10) and that there is a need for more publicity for this and other resources for the restaurant sector. Another conclusion from the study was the need to make it easier for the public to consult food vocabulary.

Based on the study’s findings, TERMCAT turned the application’s database into an online terminology dictionary and the DGPL provided a shortcut from the Catalan language website to it. The idea was to make it easier to consult the dishes and beverages using any of the registered languages: Catalan, Spanish, English, German, French and Italian.

Finally, in response to the need expressed by the sector to have easier access to resources that are designed to facilitate the use of Catalan in the restaurant business, it was decided to design the Plats a la carta web page on the Catalan language website, which features a range of tools and resources for working in the restaurant business.

This new Plats a la carta section on the website, which among other resources includes the application for menus and the online terminology dictionary, was launched in June 2010.

The application’s database and the dictionary will continue to be expanded by TERMCAT and reviewed in order to keep it up-to-date and tailored to the needs of the sector.

4.6. Certification of knowledge of Catalan

The DGPL offers a service for the accreditation of general communicative proficiency in Catalan by passing exams held on an annual basis at five levels, which correspond to the levels of proficiency established by the Council of Europe’s Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. (More information is available about the Catalan language certificates service in chapter IV, section 1.5.)

4.7. Sworn translation and interpretation qualifications

Professional authorisation for sworn translation and interpretation and consequent admittance to the Government of Catalonia’s Official Register of Sworn Translators and Interpreters is gained by passing the General Directorate for Language Policy’s exams or by accreditation of expertise in this area when doing translation and interpretation degree programmes at Catalan universities, pursuant to Decree 119/2000, dated 20 March, concerning sworn translation and interpretation (DOGC no. 3110, dated 30 March).

The DGPL’s exam sessions for professional qualifications in sworn translation and interpretation are called by a resolution that sets the conditions and timetable for the whole procedure. The session in 2010 has been governed by Resolution VCP/840/2010, dated 23 March (DOGC no. 5597, dated 29.3.2010), and exams have been held for translation and interpretation from Catalan into German, Spanish and French.

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Translation and interpreting qualifications are separate from one another and candidates apply to enrol for one or the other or both and for the languages they prefer. Candidates must be over 18 and have at least a three-year university diploma, three-year engineering degree, three-year architecture degree or equivalent.

The exams are divided into general exams in Catalan and law and specific exams in forward and backward translation and consecutive liaison interpretation. If a candidate fails either of the general exams, they cannot sit the specific exams. People who have an advanced (D) DGPL certificate or equivalent do not have to do the Catalan exam while those who have a bachelor's degree in law do not have to do the law exam.

The table below shows the figures for the exam sessions this year.

Translation exam figures

Translation

Exam Applications for Language applications specific exams Exams taken Exams passed accepted accepted

German 10 5 4 2 Spanish 55 32 30 22 French 20 13 12 4 Total 85 50 46 28

Interpretation exam figures

Interpreting

Applications for Exam applications Language specific exams Exams taken Exams passed accepted accepted

German 3 2 1 0 Spanish 21 14 13 8 French 9 5 5 4 Total 33 21 19 12

The Government of Catalonia’s Official Register of Sworn Translators and Interpreters

In 2010 a total of 96 people have been named as qualified for sworn interpretation and translation and admitted to the Government of Catalonia’s Official Register of Sworn Translators and Interpreters. Of these, 73 have come through the accreditation of university credits established by article 7 of Decree 119/2000 (admittance by application) while 23 have passed the relevant examinations (automatic admittance). These exams were taken in 2009, given that the results are published at the end of January in the following year.

At present there are 2,085 people registered in the Official Register. In the case of Arabic, Italian, Russian and Chinese it is only possible to become professionally qualified by doing the exams held by the DGPL since Catalan universities do not offer the credits in law and economics that are required.

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Professionals registered in the Official Register of Sworn Translators and Interpreters

Automatic Applications (DGPL exams) (university credits) Total Total Total language Translation Interpreting Translation Interpreting automatic applications German 20 12 32 52 29 81 113 English 40 26 66 522 236 758 824 Arabic 2 2 2 Spanish 351 183 534 196 101 297 831 French 39 42 81 160 55 215 296 Italian 6 5 11 11 Russian 2 3 5 5 Chinese 2 1 3 3 462 272 734 930 421 1,351 2,085

Search engine for language companies and professionals

This is an online information service about Catalan language services companies and professionals that offer verbal and written text editing, general translation and interpreting and sworn translation and interpreting. Users can use the search engine to view the key details and features of the companies and professionals and find out how to contact them.

The process of updating the details of the professionals and companies in the database was begun in late 2010. For more information visit: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/professionals Information about the Register: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/tij

4.8. Information and communication

4.8.1. Catalan language website http://www.gencat.cat/llengua

This is a website that features information, products and services related to the Catalan language and provides access to the Optimot language query service, the Government’s machine translator, the Parla.cat virtual learning site, information about where and how to learn Catalan, the exam sessions for Catalan language certificates, the Voluntariat per la llengua programme, the resources available for working in Catalan, language legislation and rights, data and studies about the language, films currently being screened in Catalan, campaigns promoting the language, General Directorate for Language publications, the Documentation Centre, Occitan, etc.

In addition to a news section, it also features the electronic newsletter Flaixos d’actualitat (News Flashes), and the professional journals Llengua i Ús (Language and Use) and Noves SL. It also offers information about the various agencies that promote the Catalan language (the DGPL, the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the TERMCAT Terminology Centre and the Social Council of the Catalan Language).

In June 2010, the General Directorate for Language Policy opened a section about corporate social responsibility. This new section is one of a series of initiatives designed to build fostering the use of Catalan into the corporate social responsibility programmes of Catalan companies.

In 2010 the Catalan language website has received a total of 4,812,391 hits.

4.8.2. Catalan films agenda

This is an information service about movies that are being shown in Catalan, whether dubbed or subtitled, and also about forthcoming new releases. It features the film fact sheet, synopsis, the official poster, and the advert and promotional trailer for each film, together with listings which are

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4.8.3. Social networks on the Internet

The General Directorate for Language Policy’s presence on social networks, which was begun in 2009 with the setting up of the “Encomana el català” (Pass Catalan On) group and the “Cinema en català” (Films in Catalan) page on Facebook, has been expanded in 2010 with the “Llengua catalana” (Catalan Language) page on Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/llenguacatalana), the “Llengua catalana” profile on Twitter (http://www.twitter.com/llenguacatalana) and the adaptation to corporate criteria of the YouTube and Flickr profiles.

Below are the numbers of followers for the main platforms: “Encomana el català” group: 42,742 followers “Cinema en català” page: 4,972 followers “Llengua catalana” page: 3,268 followers “Llengua catalana” Twitter: 1,159 followers

5. The Government’s sector actions and cross-cutting language policies

5.1. Catalan in compulsory education

5.1.1. The language model of schools in Catalonia; a commitment to multilingualism based on Catalan as a vehicular and teaching language

In the 1990s the majority of schools in Catalonia drew up their school language plans (PLCs) which, in line with the curriculums stemming from the General Education System Organic Act, made Catalan into the vehicular language of the Catalan non-university educational system. These PLCs were in the majority of cases the follow-up to the language normalisation plans which had been put in place due to the progressive introduction of teaching in Catalan in the previous decade. This process was much quicker in nursery and primary education than in secondary schools and has furthermore been somewhat unequal depending on the sociolinguistic characteristics of the area.

In fact, it was a case of two processes coming together. One was based on the independence of schools (which came out of the Right to Education Organic Act or LODE, Act 8/1985, and the Education System General Organic Act or LOGSE, Act 1/1990) while the other was the result of the development of language regulations in Catalonia, both in general terms (the Language Normalisation in Catalonia Act 7/1983, dated 18 April, and the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, transposed to a great extent with respect to education into the 2006 Statute of Autonomy) and also for the educational system in particular (Decree 362/1983, on the application of Act 7/1983 to non- university education, and all the decrees concerning the curriculum that were passed at the various levels of education in the 1990s).

It was out of this conjunction, therefore, that the PLCs arose and which could be defined as the means which enable schools to organise and manage, in compliance with prevailing legislation but nonetheless independently, issues to do with the status and use of languages in the school and the treatment in the curriculum of the various languages which are to be found in them.

5.1.2. A new sector regulatory framework

Mention should be made first of all in this context of the Education Act 12/2009, dated 10 July, which is discussed in section 1.3 in chapter I of this report.

A new sector regulatory framework also needs to be taken into account. In this respect in 2007 Decree 142/2007, dated 26 June, which lays down the organisation of primary education, and Order EDU/221/2007, dated 29 June, which establishes the general principles which have to be observed when applying article 4.4 of Decree 142/2007, were both introduced. 2008 saw the publication of Decree 181/2008, dated 9 September, which specifies the organisation of the second stage of

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Article 4 of Decree 181/2008 states the following with respect to the second stage of nursery education:

“Article 4

“Language

“4.1 Catalan, as the own language of Catalonia, must normally be used as the vehicular language of teaching and learning and in the internal and external activities of the educational community: written and oral activities by students and teachers, explanations by teachers, text books and other teaching material, learning and assessment activities and communications with families.

“4.2 Aranese, a variety of the Occitan language, is taught in the Val d'Aran in compliance with the decisions of the General Council of the Val d'Aran and the Department of Education.

“4.3 Children in the second stage of nursery education have the right to be taught in Catalan and not be put into separate schools or classes due to their habitual language. Under all circumstances the individual language rights of the student shall be respected pursuant to prevailing legislation.

“4.4 Based on the sociolinguistic reality of the students, methodologies for language immersion in Catalan will be implemented in order to drive learning of this language. Likewise, and when possible in the light of the resources available to the school, translations will be provided into one of the languages of family use during the reception period for families who have come from other countries.

“4.5 As part of their educational plans, schools must draw up a language plan which sets out the rules for the use of the Catalan language for all members of the educational community. These rules for use must also make it possible to acquire tools and resources to implement changes for the use of a non-sexist and non-androcentric language.

“4.6 An introduction shall be given, especially in the last year of the stage, to the oral use of a foreign language when the school’s sociolinguistic context makes this possible.”

As for upper secondary education, article 4 of Decree 142/2008 states the following:

“Article 4 “The Catalan language and the treatment of languages “1. Catalan, as the own language of Catalonia, will normally be used as the vehicular language of teaching and learning and in the internal and external activities of the educational community: written and oral activities by students and teachers, explanations by teachers, text books and other teaching material, learning and assessment activities and communications with students’ families.

“2. Aranese, a variety of Occitan, is taught in the Val d’Aran with the timetable allocation and in the learning spheres and areas which the Conselh Generau d’Aran, in conjunction with the Department of Education, should decide.

“3. The educational administrations may authorise some of the subjects on their syllabuses to be taught in foreign languages without this leading to any change in the basic aspects of the syllabus regulated by this Decree. In this case it must be ensured that over the two school years of baccalaureate, students acquire the basic terminology for these subjects in both languages.

“4. Schools which teach a part of the syllabus in foreign languages must observe under all circumstances the rules for the admission of students as set out in the Education Organic Act 2/2006, dated 3 May, and which may not include language requirements.

“5. Schools shall establish measures for the use of the language which enable students to acquire the tools and resources they need to implement changes with a view to the use of non-sexist and non- androcentric language.”

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Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that Decree 269/2007, dated 11 December, concerning the restructuring of the Department of Education, which has involved the setting up of the Sub-directorate General for Languages and Community to which the Language Immersion and Use Unit and the School and Community Unit report, has been implemented. Finally, as part of the implementation of the Education Act 12/2009, dated 10 July, the aforementioned Decree has been modified by Decree 141/2009, dated 8 September, under which the Directorate General for Innovation is renamed the Directorate General for Planning and the Community and is assigned specific powers to promote the development of plans and programmes to drive educational activities in the community, provide language attention to newcomer students and promote coordination with local authorities in putting in place educational policies.

5.1.3. The school population

This new regulatory framework continues to serve Catalonia’s language conjunction system for schools which guarantees the teaching of the language, allows early language socialising by children in Catalan and facilitates the integration of students from outside Catalonia.

It is worth stressing the fundamental importance of this model for Catalan teaching and the social integration of foreign students who are growing in numbers year by year. Schools have a basic and fundamental responsibility to welcome and integrate foreign students who have recently joined the educational system. This is a new educational and social requirement that is common to all the countries forming part of social welfare Europe.

Schools need to convert this challenge into an opportunity for improving the whole system so that it respects diversity and guarantees the equality of all people.

The number of foreign students has constantly grown since the start of the 1990s. In the 1991-1992 school year there were 9,868 students of foreign nationality who made up 0.8% of student numbers; in the 2001-2002 school year, there were 34,797 such students, who accounted for 4.0% of the total; in the 2008-2009 school year, 151,136 students, who accounted for 13.7% of the total; and in the 2009-2010 school year, 152,309 students, who accounted for 13.47% of the total.

Of the more than a hundred different nationalities to be found in Catalan classrooms, the most numerous group of newly arrived students by nationality in the Catalan educational system is made up of Moroccans. Mention should also be made of growth in student numbers from Central and South America, both in relative and absolute terms and in particular from Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Argentina, which is over 46% of the total number of students.

5.1.4. The Language and Social Cohesion Plan

In order to deal with and manage the complexity entailed by this reality, over the last five years the Departament of Education has been implementing, since the 2003-2004 academic year, the Language and Social Cohesion Plan. It is based on a global vision with the school at its core, and has the participation and co-operation of all education-related institutions and entities so as to bring together commitments and efforts to achieve the complete schooling and social integration of all students in the Catalan educational system.

The general aim of the Plan is to foster and consolidate social cohesion, intercultural education and the Catalan language in a multilingual setting.

Its specific aims are as follows:

 The consolidation of the Catalan language as the core of a multilingual project.

 The fostering of intercultural education based on equality, solidarity and respect for cultural diversity in a framework of dialogue and coexistence.

 The promotion of equal opportunities so as to avoid any and all types of marginalisation.

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The key elements in the implementation of the Language and Social Cohesion Plan have been as follows: a) Language immersion

Language immersion means all those teaching and learning strategies that are used when the language of a large number of students is not the language of the school and therefore it is necessary to implement a programme that enables these students to acquire and consolidate this language and the curriculum content appropriate for their age as soon as possible.

In 2010 the language immersion programme has been updated. The purpose of the Pla per a l’actualització de la metodologia d’immersió en l’actual context sociolingüístic (Plan to Update Immersion Methodology in the Current Sociolinguistic Context) is to ensure that all students, regardless of their home language, have achieved solid communication skills by the end of compulsory education so that they can use Catalan and Spanish normally and correctly and understand and deliver oral and written messages in at least one foreign language. This plan is designed to help to consolidate Catalan as the core of a multilingual project in schools.

Although strictly speaking the language immersion programme is only intended for use in infant education and at the first stage of primary education, the plan is also worked on at the intermediate and upper stages of primary education and since 2010 in compulsory secondary education to ensure the continuity of the programme in the rest of the educational system. By way of summary, work is done on strategies for the language immersion programme (particularly in infant and first stage of primary education) and how it should be continued in the intermediate and upper stages and in secondary education through integrated treatment of language and content, work on language (receptive, productive, interaction and mediation) and cognitive linguistic (summarise, define, justify, argue, demonstrate, describe, narrate, explain) skills, how the language should be taught and how the integrated treatment of languages (Catalan, Spanish, English, etc.) should be configured.

The specific objectives of the Plan are to:

 Adapt the methodology of language immersion to the new reality of classrooms with linguistic and cultural diversity.

 Adapt the teaching of language and cognitive linguistic skills to the new student reality.

 Enhance the use of Catalan and the teaching-learning methodology for the language skills of students.

 Improve basic skills in all languages in the curriculum.

 Encourage the use of Catalan in schools as a shared value and a source of collective enrichment.

Schools have to plan how they are going to deal with both official languages and foreign languages, taking into account the sociolinguistic context they are in, and have to build the principles shared by the entire educational community regarding language into their language plans.

See chapter VI for the following information and tables: change in foreign nationality students in compulsory education; origin of foreign nationality students in compulsory education (2010-2011 academic year); reception classrooms: change and distribution; community education plans: number of students, number of schools, change and territorial distribution. b) School language projects

Based on the rollout of the new syllabuses, the Department of Education has driven the upgrading of school language plans (Order EDU/221/2007, dated 29 June, which establishes the general principles which have to be taken into account when applying article 4.4 of Decree 142/2007, dated 26 June, which lays down the organisation of primary education).

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To help schools with this task, an application (http://www.xtec.cat/lic/projecte_ling.htm) has been developed which, with the support of language, interculturalism and social cohesion advisers from the Department of Education and the supervision of the School Inspectors service, has been sent to all schools in the country. The goals are to consolidate Catalan as the vehicular language of the educational system; adapt language teaching and learning methodologies to the school’s local sociolinguistic context; ensure that all students irrespective of their home language are able to speak and write in the official languages Catalan and Spanish and also Aranese Occitan in Aran, and have good knowledge of a foreign language and if possible a second foreign language when they finish compulsory education; and finally as part of intercultural education spread interest in and respect for all the languages to be found in Catalan society (which, when possible, will be taught outside school hours). c) The reception classroom

Reception classrooms are a resource and an organisational and methodological strategy for attending to newcomer students when they join the educational system in Catalonia. They have two purposes: firstly, to ensure the student feels that they are being well cared for in emotional aspects, and secondly to provide them with the basic tools they need to begin their teaching and learning process in the Catalan educational system as soon as possible and under the best conditions.

The existence of a reception classroom does not contradict the principle that the school is responsible for integration, planning educational pathways and monitoring the learning process of newcomer students. Hence all the school’s personnel, educational, methodological and organisational resources need to be activated to ensure academic success and equal opportunities. The regular classroom is the reference point for these students, while the reception classroom seeks to ensure emotional integration and to accelerate learning of the vehicular language of education.

The central educational goal in school syllabuses in Catalonia is to prepare all students for the challenges of the pluralistic, multilingual and multicultural society of the 21st century. This means enabling children and adolescents to develop language skills that mobilise knowledge, aptitudes, attitudes and representations related to languages and cultures, to act and be successful in their environment, to communicate with other people and share cultural knowledge and references. In short, it means enabling them to build the foundations of citizenship, knowledge of what the human condition is and an understanding of others. Thus the presence of students from so many backgrounds in Catalan classrooms is one of the tools that teachers should use to work on the values and contents arising from multilingualism and multiculturalism.

In short, the process of integrating newcomer students in schools is the responsibility of both the regular class group and the reception classroom. These students do subjects where language skills are less important, such as P.E. and art and ones where ICTs are used systematically, with their class group. This ensures common socialisation areas right from when the newcomer students first arrive at the school.

The reception classroom has, by definition, the following basic features:

 It is an open resource because it facilitates the integration of newcomer students with their schoolmates in a context of inclusive education and promotes language learning. Students must be able to join it at any time in the school year and it must also be possible for them to join a regular class on a full-time basis at the time deemed most appropriate.

 It is a flexible resource because it reflects the learning and integration needs of students. Each school has to respond to these different specific educational needs using different organisational models.

 It is dynamic because it is a part of the educational activities of the school and therefore must form part of educational thinking processes.

In the light of these principles, each school tailors the resource to its needs and organisational possibilities.

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In short, the reception classroom needs to be part of the school’s general approach in terms of the actions of teachers and the care received by students. It has to offer quality personalised care, begin intensive learning of Catalan and help to move from the language of communication to academic language, something which at the same time enables the student to access the regular curriculum.

The reception classrooms were introduced in the 2004-2005 school year. In that year there were 649 reception classrooms with a total of 12,247 students.

In the 2005-2006 school year there were 938 reception classrooms with a total of 16,745 students.

In the 2006-2007 school year there were 1,081 reception classrooms with a total of 22,121 students.

In the 2007-2008 school year there were 1,166 reception classrooms with a total of 24,505 students.

In the 2008-2009 school year there were 1,234 reception classrooms serving a total of 22,453 students.

In the 2009-2010 school year the number of reception classrooms stabilised at 1,180 (the number of newcomer students arriving in Catalan classrooms had not grown with respect to previous years) and a total of 19,271 students have been served.

In the 2010-2011 school year there are 1,013 reception classrooms (552 in primary education, 365 in secondary, 8 municipal and 88 in grant-aided schools).

More information about the change in the number of reception classrooms, the number of students and other figures for reception classrooms can be found in chapter VI ‘Indicators’. d) Community education plans (PEE)

Community education plans (PEE) are an open and innovative educational cooperation initiative between the Department of Education and municipal entities, backed by the support and cooperation of other Catalan Government departments, which are designed to achieve the academic success of all students and contribute to social cohesion through fairness, intercultural education, the promotion of community living and the use of Catalan.

The key strategic feature of the PEEs is to achieve continuity and consistency between the actions of the various educational stakeholders operating in a territory in formal, non-formal and informal education. They are designed to generate community interaction between all educational, social, economic, cultural, artistic, sports and leisure stakeholders to ensure that school and extra-curricular dynamics, together with organised and supervised school time and all too often overly abandoned personal time, are pulling in the same direction. Yet this educational continuity and consistency is not easy to attain either individually or by institutions in isolation, as it calls for an organised network and the commitment of all stakeholders in the community. Schools must open up to the community and the social community needs to become more aware of the educational work done by the various stakeholders. It is a new way of understanding education that goes beyond schools. Academic success has more to do with the continuity and consistency of the various actions that are carried out for children and young people rather than the sum of many uncoordinated actions which have no well- defined purpose. To achieve this, it is essential to work and interact as a community. A new organisational culture is called for, a culture of learning in networks, a culture which has networks at its core and sees community learning as a way of meeting educational challenges.

Community education plans are aimed at children aged 0 to 18 in state and grant-aided schools in a town or part of a town, paying special attention to the social groups that are most defenceless (newly arrived children or ones at risk of exclusion) and most vulnerable (adolescents). However, community education plans actions are also proactively addressed to the entire educational community.

The activities of a community education plan must span the school, extra-curricular and non-school time of children and young people, and hence they impact on the following areas:

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 Families. Linking families to their children’s educational process is closely related to academic success. Efforts should be made to encourage their involvement in this cooperation project and focus in particular on raising awareness and training for families to foster attitudes conducive towards participation, openness, equity and overcoming prejudices. Academic success begins at home, continues at school and finishes in the "public arena”.

 Formal education. A genuine school network should be created in a district or a town through dialogue, thinking and interaction between schools in order to share a common project, establish coherent and complementary courses of action and optimise all resources. All students should have equal opportunities, without discrimination of any kind, from the beginning of their schooling and throughout the process. At the same time, educational consistency and continuity must be ensured between the various stages of school education: nursery, infant, primary, compulsory secondary education and post-compulsory education. Changeover times between different stages are especially important. Meeting these challenges calls for a comprehensive and global vision and the collaboration of all stakeholders.

 Non-formal education. It is very important to encourage associations and participation for children and adolescents. Cultural, sports, arts and non-formal education activities outside school hours should be promoted. Optimising educational resources and the use of schools and other nearby facilities should enable children and young people to continue acquiring the skills and capabilities necessary for personal growth once the school day is over. Here it is especially important to ensure the participation in the various community areas, associations and educational organisations of groups that have hitherto been most absent.

 Informal education. Any social and cultural fact has some influence on the public. Internet or the media are examples of this, but so are the urban areas or business structure of a region. The influence exercised by this sphere over school students and in particular over the most fragile personalities cannot be underestimated. The social fabric can provide role models in this respect so that these values can be exercised and developed.

Community education plans have grown from the initial 31 plans in 26 towns in the 2004-2005 school year to 95 plans in 80 towns in the 2009-2010 school year.

A total of 292,200 students took part in the various community education plans in the 2008-2009 school year, while in the 2009-2010 school year there have been 317,869 students and 862 schools of different types.

Growth has continued in the 2010-2011 school year with a total of 322,057 students and 893 schools taking part in the various community education plans.

As part of the community education plans, activities have been carried out to encourage social cohesion and the use of Catalan, and a framework for community living has been created in which families have the chance to communicate with each other and share experiences and affinities. e) Education reception areas

The Education Reception Areas (EBE) are educational family integration areas, managed jointly by the Department of Education and the local councils of the towns where they are located. They are support and advice units prior to schooling that deliver reception services to the entire family unit, especially children and young people and their families, in the various aspects of education within the general framework of the process of integration into the town and the educational system, so as to ensure individual care and assist with improving the quality of schools.

The Education Reception Areas address their activities to newly arrived children and young people aged between 8 and 16 and their families throughout the year, including during the summer holidays. These activities vary in length depending on the characteristics of the children and young people and depending on their time of arrival.

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The specific goals of the Education Reception Areas include promoting knowledge of the community, nurturing social integration, fostering the use of Catalan and beginning processes designed to familiarise newcomers with Catalonia’s cultural reality. An array of activities is conducted to achieve these objectives through educational, cultural and sports workshops.

The professional team in an EBE consists of people with different professional profiles who cater for the needs of children, young people and their families. This professional team is headed by a teacher, assigned by the Department of Education, who has the support of municipal officers in charge of the reception process for families who have newly arrived in the town. The teacher is tasked with socio- educational management and coordination, coordinating the actions of EBE staff, working with the regional educational services, schools and local educational services, evaluating the EBE and putting forward proposals for improvement.

The Department of Education, through Resolution EDU/3072/2008, dated 17 October, established the experimental regulations for Education Reception Areas, and Resolution EDU/2312, dated 29 July, renewed and expanded the scheme.

The goals of the education reception areas include the following:

 To use a comprehensive approach to improve care and integration for children and young people and their families who arrive in an area or town and ensure that each family receives the information and support necessary to participate fully in the education system.

 To facilitate, systematise and support schools when students enrol after the enrolment deadline has expired.

 To promote inclusive attitudes on the part of the public.

 To optimise schooling processes in the town.

EBE actions with families are as follows:

- Presentation of the general features of the education system and the characteristics of the school environment. - Information about the rights and responsibilities of students and families. - Information about the school calendar, enrolment processes, grants and funding, translation services and useful addresses. - Promotion of knowledge of the community and education beyond the school. - Creation of venues for meeting and interaction to facilitate mutual understanding. - Raising awareness about the need to use Catalan. - Identification of their education needs, expectations and family situation.

EBE actions with children and young people are as follows:

- Drawing up an individual work plan for each student to identify their educational, social and family needs, their expectations and family situation. - Scheduling activities to be run in the EBEs: presentation of the school environment, information about their rights and duties, presentation and handover of the school calendar, presentation of the community, cultural and geographic wealth and education outside the school, conducting an initial assessment of their academic situation, skills tests, knowledge of the Latin alphabet for students from other systems of writing, and identifying psycho- emotional issues arising from migration. - These actions can be individual and/or collective, as appropriate.

Two school years after the launch of the education reception areas, and after analysis of the internal and external evaluations of these areas and assessment of the Ruling by the Ombudsman (AO 00245/2008) on the creation of education reception areas, the Department of Education has drawn up some guidelines concerning the organisation and operation of the EBEs in order to provide area heads with qualitative elements that enable better delivery of the service which is the purpose of these areas.

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These guidelines include principles for service planning, processing of user details and the organisation and operation of and the evaluation process for the EBEs, without restricting the degree of independence that these areas should have so they can be run according to the particular features of their users and the service they deliver.

A total of 187 students have taken part in the Education Reception Areas in the 2010-2011 school year.

More information about students in the EBEs can be found in chapter VI about indicators.

5.2. Catalan in the field of justice

The field of justice is a strategic sector for the Government’s action to promote the use of Catalan, given the shortcomings that have traditionally obtained in the presence of Catalan in the legal and judicial world.

The General Directorate for Language Policy has acted in a cross-cutting way to plan its actions to foster the use of Catalan with the involvement of the department responsible for the sector. This department has been given a major role and visibility by the DGPL as it is the usual, and hence most suitable and recognised, interlocutor with the target audience to which the promotional measures are being addressed, and can thus ensure enhanced communication and impact.

Hence the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Department of Justice have jointly planned their actions to foster Catalan among administration of justice stakeholders, lawyers, court representatives, notaries and registrars. This has been done as part of a cooperation agreement with professional associations in the legal sector which makes it possible to establish a structure for working and monitoring measures in which the sector is involved and fosters the voluntary joint responsibility of professionals and their engagement with actions to promote Catalan through the governing bodies of each profession.

In line with this policy, on 29 December 2008 a framework cooperation agreement was signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia, which was renewed on 14 December 2010. Likewise, on 23 December 2009 a framework cooperation agreement was signed with the Association of Catalan Notaries, on 13 July 2010 a framework cooperation agreement was signed with the Association of Land, Commercial and Personal Property Registrars of Catalonia, and finally on 19 October 2010 a framework cooperation agreement was signed with the Council of the Catalan Associations of Court Representatives.

This bilateral system of public/private partnership with each professional group in the field of law makes it possible to map out a specific plan for each stakeholder that is fully tailored to their needs. Each professional group, through its representatives, identifies its requirements so that the Catalan services offered by the Government of Catalonia can be tailored to its features. Thus the offer includes specialised sector terminology with online queries, self-access Catalan courses to help with combining learning with working hours, courses in specialised legal language, courses on speaking in court for those who attend hearings, online machine translators featuring legal terminology to make it easier to translate briefs, forms in Catalan, Catalan and Spanish legislation in searchable and downloadable online Catalan versions, etc. For their part the governing bodies of each professional group undertake to raise awareness of and publicise among their members the language rights of the public and the tools and resources offered to them by the Generalitat to make it easier for them to work in Catalan.

In order to provide objective figures for the use of Catalan in the field of justice that make it possible to establish the starting point and assess the real impact of the measures at an appropriate time, in 2008 the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Department of Justice and the Statistical Institute of Catalonia (IDESCAT) produced official statistics for language use in the courts in Catalonia by means of an in-person survey of the clerks of all of the 559 courts around Catalonia. The data were published in 2009 and can be viewed at the following links to the Department of Justice:

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IV. The actions of the Government http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/Adjucat/Documents/ARXIUS/informe_enquesta_2008.pdf and the General Directorate for Language Policy: http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/Llengcat/Documents/Dades_territori_poblacio/Altres/Arxius/EULIP2008 _Just_informe.pdf

5.2.1. Cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia

In implementation of the cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia (CICAC) signed on 29 December 2008, and pursuant to the two-year Work Plan for 2009-2010 which it includes, in 2010 the annual work plan has been approved which sets the following goals: to improve the spoken and written language skills of lawyers and judicial staff, especially in legal language, extend and improve the use of Catalan by lawyers, provide legal professionals with free and open access to the Spanish-Catalan translator for legal texts, and raise awareness among legal professionals about the absence of obstacles to the use of Catalan and the possibility of using it in a normal and everyday way.

The Plan provides for carrying out the following actions in order to achieve these objectives:

 Self-access courses with tutorials by languages facilitators: in 2010 two at Proficiency level in Catalan (October 2009-March 2010 and February-June 2010), with a total of 343 lawyers enrolled, and two legal language courses (October 2009-March 2010 and February-June 2010), for which 140 people enrolled, have been run.

 Courses in speaking in Catalan for lawyers: in 2010 they have been run at Barcelona, Sabadell, Tarragona, Girona and Lleida, with a total of 83 people enrolled.

 Implementation of the Voluntariat per la llengua programme: in 2010 the programme has been continued in the Reus and Tarragona Bar Associations and has been started up at Granollers, Lleida and Girona.

 Language Quality Plan for law firms: this plan addressed to legal practices provides for technical support to law firms who voluntarily sign up and includes the deployment of 24 technical officers. The Plan covers two types of advice:

 Type A: for those firms that usually work in Catalan and undertake to produce 60% of documents in Catalan and bring in the forms and improvements proposed by the language service officer.  Type B: for firms that do not usually work in Catalan. In this case, they undertake to bring Catalan in progressively as a working language over a period of one year according to the following schedule; during the first six months they have to produce 40% of documents in Catalan and in the following six months they have to increase this figure to 60%.

In 2010, 96 law firms in Catalonia have used the Language Quality Plan.

 Catalan-Spanish and Spanish-Catalan machine translator for legal texts. The Department of Justice offers free access to the translator through the Bar Associations for all their members. In 2010 a total of 113 documents have been translated from Catalan into Spanish using the translator and a total of 473 documents from Spanish into Catalan.

 Actions taken by the language committee of the Bar Associations Council to spread, raise awareness of and promote Catalan among their members. The DGPL has given the CICAC €40,000 for this purpose.

On 14 December 2010 the agreement for the indefinite extension of the framework cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia was adopted.

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5.2.2. Cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Association of Notaries of Catalonia

On 23 December 2009 a framework cooperation agreement was signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Association of Notaries of Catalonia for joint action to promote the use of Catalan in notary offices and provide notaries with access to Catalan language learning resources so as to give effect to the language rights of the public to receive notarial instruments and be attended to orally and in writing in the official language of their choice.

It should be borne in mind that the Catalan Government has executive authority over notarial affairs pursuant to the provisions of article 147 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia and specifically pursuant to Resolution JUST/319/2008, dated 7 February, on the requirement that staff in all notary offices must have at least intermediate language proficiency. Based on the foregoing it has established the requirement that notary offices must have adequate language skills.

Given the high degree of mobility of professionals in the sector and the national scope of their professional activities, the Catalan Government and the Association of Notaries of Catalonia have put in place language reception programmes for newcomer notaries and provide those who do not have sufficient knowledge of Catalan with the training and resources they need.

Thus the annual Work Plan which they jointly implement under the terms of the framework cooperation agreement includes measures designed to improve the Catalan language skills of notaries and other staff working in notary offices through self-access Catalan courses. It also covers facilitating the use of Catalan in notarial documents by making available to notaries online tools and resources, notarial terminology, legislation in Catalan and finally translation and language correction tools.

In 2010 an intermediate online tutored Catalan course using the Parla.cat platform has been run (for more information see section 1.1 in this chapter) for which 99 notaries enrolled. A basic level course has also been held for people who have been living in Catalonia for less than two years, for which five people enrolled. Three face-to-face sessions have been held at the headquarters of the Association of Notaries of Catalonia to support the online course. These training schemes have been run in partnership with the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the Association of Notaries of Catalonia and the Centre for Legal Studies and Specialised Training.

5.2.3. Framework cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Coordinating Office of the Land, Commercial and Personal Property Registrars of Catalonia

On 13 July 2010, the Government of Catalonia and the Association of Land, Commercial and Personal Property Registrars of Catalonia signed a framework cooperation agreement in order to take joint actions to promote the use of Catalan in the field of registries. This framework agreement replaces the cooperation agreement to implement the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, signed on 28 April 1998 by the Government of Catalonia and the Land, Commercial and Personal Property Registrars of Catalonia, and tailors the cooperation instrument to the new statutory framework, especially with respect to the right of citizens to choose the language in which they wish to be served and which is used in contracts and other documents that are entered in the Registries, and hence also choose the language of registry entries.

In addition, it also established that annual work plans must be adopted that contain the actions which the signatories undertake to carry out during the year. Promotional activities are scheduled to begin in 2011.

5.2.4. Framework cooperation agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Catalan Associations of Court Representatives

On 19 October 2010 a cooperation agreement was signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Council of the Catalan Associations of Court Representatives for joint actions to promote the use of Catalan.

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These actions are to be set out in an annual work plan to be adopted by the signatories to the agreement. Promotional activities are scheduled to begin in 2011.

5.2.5. Attention and language integration for judges and prosecutors who have recently come to Catalonia

Through the Judicial Area Language Service in the Directorate General for Administration of Justice Resources, the Department of Justice offers online and in-person support plus language tools and training to judges, clerks of the court and prosecutors.

Likewise, from the day on which judges and prosecutors take up their posts in Catalonia, the Generalitat of Catalonia, through the Department of Justice, the General Directorate for Language Policy and the governing body of the judiciary, informs them of the language rights of citizens in their relations with the Administration of Justice and of the personal, documentary and online language support services that are available to them.

To that end language officers arrange interviews with each of the prosecutors and judges during their first week on the job in Catalonia to offer them support, discuss their training needs and guarantee support for translation. Specifically, the Judicial Area Language Service offers judges, clerks and prosecutors the following: a) Direct support. The Service translates, proofs and draws up court documents in Catalan, and produces and distributes general and legal language material. b) Online support. The Department of Justice website provides legislative texts of interest to prosecutors through the LexCat project (a compilation of basic State legislation translated into Catalan, constantly updated and with annotations for every reform; http://www.gencat.cat/justicia/lexcat).

Another online support tool offered to judges, clerks and prosecutors is the machine translator, a computer program that automatically translates documents from Spanish into Catalan and vice-versa. The translated document can then be sent to the Language Service for review. Finally, the intranet of the Administration of Justice has electronic dictionaries, collections of general and legal terminology, forms, guidelines for writing, etc. (http://adjucat.intranet/eines/llengua/index.html). c) Training. The Department of Justice offers an extensive and varied range of Catalan language learning options through the language services:

 Face-to-face courses and training for self-access learning: general language, Catalan legal language and workshops with the option of support tutoring in very small groups.

5.2.6. LexCat database

LexCat provides the most significant Spanish state legislation applicable to Catalonia in Catalan on the legal professionals’ portal and the DOGC legal portal, without prejudice to the direct work on this legal database offered by the professional associations in the sector through their section on the Administration of Justice website. The legislation posted on the site is entirely in Catalan, the texts are updated every day and notes are added to them with indications about amending legislation. The texts are either translated by the Judicial Area Language Service in the Department of Justice or alternatively are taken from the Catalan language supplement to the Official State Gazette (BOE).

In 2010, 18 legislative texts have been published, of which 12 have been translated by the Language Service, and 50 of the total number of 98 laws that so far have been published on the website have been updated (due to legislative reforms that have been adopted and Constitutional Court rulings handed down). The published legislation includes the Notary Act and Regulations, the Mortgage Regulations, the Capital Companies Act, the Consumer Credit Act, the Jurisdictional Conflicts Act and the Court Clerks Regulations.

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As for publishing on paper, in 2010 the Civil Procedure Act and Criminal Procedure Act have been published in the Quaderns de Legislació collection, and they have been distributed to judges and clerks based on their jurisdictional area.

5.2.7. Teaching law in universities

In 2009/2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy renewed its financial support for the DILL subsidies given by the University and Research Funding Awards Agency (AGAUR) for the publication and distribution of university textbooks and manuals and scientific and technical or reference books written in Catalan or translated into Catalan whether as hardcopies or as digitised versions. The DGPL sought to give priority to publications for law degree programmes, as this is one of the study areas in which the presence of Catalan is most lacking.

The General Directorate for Language Policy has also provided funding through the NORMA subsidies given by the AGAUR to language normalisation projects and activities put in place by Catalan university language services to promote the use of Catalan among law students. (More information can be found about these subsidies in section 5.3 in this chapter.)

5.2.8. Translation of the Official State Gazette into Catalan

The publication time for translations into Catalan of legislation published in the Official State Gazette (BOE), coordinated by the Official Publication Department in the Official Gazette and Publications Agency (EADOP) of the Government of Catalonia, has remained stable at a time lag of around 6 days from its publication in Spanish (from 6.31 days in 2009 to 6.39 days in 2010). In 2010, 310 BOE supplements have been published in Catalan containing 400 translated State provisions and a total of 6,095 pages in digital format. As for consultations of the repository of documents in Catalan on the BOE website, total hits in 2010 have come to 2,770,108. Over this same period 1,421,911 files have been consulted and a total of 238,748 visits have been recorded.

The translation service was first provided under an agreement between the Spanish and Catalan governments in 1998, and in 2007 the average time between the appearance of the BOE in Spanish and the corresponding supplement in Catalan was around three months. In order to reduce this time lag, in July 2008 an Addendum to amend the partnership agreement between the Spanish and Catalan governments for the publication of laws in Catalan was signed. The goal set in this agreement is that the Catalan supplement should come out at most seven days after the Spanish language version.

In 2008 the time lag between the Catalan supplement to the BOE appearing and the issue of the original Spanish version was cut to an average of 7.86 working days. Then in 2009 the goal in the Addendum to the translation agreement was achieved with an average publication time lag of 6.31 working days, which in 2010 has been 6.39. The translation period has also remained stable in the same proportion, from 3.84 working days in 2008 to 2.64 in 2009 and 3.21 in 2010.

The terms of the cooperation agreement between the Spanish and Catalan governments also include the publication of retrospective supplements in Catalan for all legislation with the rank of Act of Parliament that has not been expressly repealed and published in the BOE. The timetable for completing translation and publication in 2010 for the final supplements for a period of 19 years (from 1979 to 1997) has been met.

5.2.9. Other actions carried out by the Department of Justice

The Department of Justice, through the Directorate General of Administration of Justice Resources, carries out other Catalan language training and promotion activities for Administration of Justice staff.

Advice and translation

A total of 2,228 requests for translation and 1,302 for text correction have been handled. The distribution of these requests by geographical area is as follows:

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Regional distribution of requests for translations and corrections

• • Translations • Checking • Total

• Barcelona city and CJ • 802 • 187 • 989

• Barcelona North and South • 349 • 136 • 485

• Girona • 446 • 526 • 972

• Tarragona • 372 • 292 • 664

• Lleida • 178 • 55 • 233

• Terres de l’Ebre • 81 • 122 • 203

• Total • 2,228 • 1,318 • 3,546

In addition the Administration of Justice’s machine translator has been improved so that it can translate any type of document, and not just those that form part of a legal proceeding.

Language of rulings

The change over time in the number of rulings handed down in Spanish and in Catalan and the proportion of total rulings given in Catalan is shown in the table below.

Language of rulings: 2005 - 2010

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Spanish 173,245 177,086 187,100 201,818 210,563 221,359 Catalan 43,613 39,225 37,695 39,256 39,974 37,645

5.2.10. The agreement for the use of official languages in the field of law

The standing committee at the Catalan Justice Monitoring Centre put forward the idea of setting up a working group to study language use in the Administration of Justice. On 6 November 2009, the Monitoring Centre agreed to establish this group whose goals are to improve and develop the regulatory framework for Catalan in the Administration of Justice, ensure that Administration of Justice staff have adequate and sufficient knowledge to attend to the public both orally and in writing in Catalan, ensure that courts have the necessary tools so that they can work independently in Catalan, and put in place measures to encourage the oral and written use of Catalan in the courts and guarantee language rights.

In addition to officials from the Department of Justice, the working group is made up of the following:

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- A representative of the judiciary - A representative of public prosecutors - A representative of clerks of the court - A representative of notaries - A representative of land registrars - A representative of lawyers - A representative of court representatives - A representative of the universities - A representative of the General Council of the Judiciary – Legal School - A representative of the Legal Department of the Government of Catalonia - A representative of the General Directorate for Language Policy

The working group was formally constituted on 17 May 2010.

In 2010, this working group drew up and approved the agreement for the use of official languages in the field of law. The agreement is a commitment on the part of all the public and private stakeholders involved in the legal and judicial sphere to view language skills as a factor shaping their basic core curriculum of knowledge and practice, inasmuch as their professional practice entails providing a service directly to the public.

5.3. Catalan in the universities

The legal basis for university language policy is the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (Reform) Organic Act 6/2006, dated 19 July, the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, and the Catalan Universities Act 1/2003, dated 19 February.

Article 35 of the SAC regulates rights in the field of university education, and article 50, on the promotion and dissemination of Catalan, specifies in paragraph 2 that Government, universities and higher education institutions, in their respective powers, shall adopt the relevant measures to guarantee the use of the Catalan language in all teaching, administrative and research activities.

The language regulatory framework applicable to university education is contained mainly in article 22 of the Language Policy Act. Finally, article 6 of the Catalan Universities Act is about language and specifies that Catalan is the own language of the universities of Catalonia and therefore is the normal language of use in their activities.

The Government of Catalonia, through the department that is responsible for the universities, encourages actions geared towards enhancing the presence of Catalan in the university community in Catalonia and promoting its use among lecturers, students and administration and services personnel. The Language Policy Office in the Universities and Research Secretariat is tasked with putting forward, coordinating and monitoring actions to promote the Catalan language in universities and with fostering and drawing up collaboration and cooperation programmes with universities in this area.

Actions in 2010 have included passing Decree 128/2010, dated 14 December, on the accreditation of the language proficiency of lecturers at universities in the Catalan university system in order to ensure an increase in the use of Catalan in teaching and improve learning of a third language, preferably English, in the university community. To implement this legislation Resolution IUE/3745/2010, dated 18 November, has also been passed to put in place measures under Decree 128/2010.

Moreover, meeting language objectives in 2009 which are designed to enhance the language skills of the university community has been assessed as part of variable performance-based funding of state universities (2008-2010). Specifically, the following objectives have been evaluated:

 The extent to which the language plan at each university meets the following specifications:

a) the plan must be approved by the university’s Governing Council;

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b) there has to be an preliminary and adequate identification of current levels of language skills possessed by the various university groups (teaching and research faculty, administrative and services staff and students);

c) the profiles to be achieved by these groups must be set out;

d) provision must be made for the mechanisms to be used at the university to accredit the language proficiency levels of the aforementioned groups;

e) the concept of "linguistic security" has to be included, which means the teaching language must be known and announced before students enrol, and this information must be binding throughout the course;

f) targets must be set for improving the quality of the language the university uses for its visibility and outreach;

g) the actions to be carried out so that the university can achieve all its language objectives must be mapped out;

h) institutional and academic texts that are produced in Catalan and in English at the universities must have the necessary linguistic quality.

 The improvement of language skills among teaching and research faculty and administrative and services staff.

 Knowledge of students prior to enrolment of the language in which subjects are taught.

 The increase in the volume of teaching conducted mainly in Catalan and in other languages.

 The improvement in the Catalan language proficiency of students and teaching and research faculty from outside the Catalan language area.

As part of measures taken to foster and promote the Catalan language at universities, based on the European higher education framework and university language policies arising from the internationalisation of Catalan universities and the consequent new multilingualism management in the university community, the Language Policy Office manages three subsidy awards geared towards the promotion of Catalan in the university community:

 The award of funding to Catalonia’s universities for language normalisation projects and activities (NORMA).

 The award of funding for the publishing and distribution of textbooks, university manuals and scientific and technical books either on paper or in electronic editions that are written in Catalan (DILL).

 The award of funding for doing university master’s degree programmes taught by Catalan universities which seek to foster and spread the Catalan language (MFC).

The NORMA funding awards

The NORMA awards are designed to provide funding for Catalonia’s universities, through their language services as the immediate beneficiaries, for language normalisation projects and activities, in order to provide support for the normalisation work carried out so far and to ramp it up.

There are three types of funding available under the NORMA programme:

1. Type A: language normalisation actions. Language normalisation actions’ means activities and projects which are designed to drive and foster knowledge and use of Catalan in the university sector.

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These actions should take shape in the following activities:

 University language promotion plans geared towards increasing the use of Catalan in the university community.

 Activities designed to drive the sociolinguistic and cultural reception of students and other university groups in a multilingual context.

 The development of Catalan-language resources and products which are applicable to information and communication technologies.

 Writing and translation of teaching or teaching support materials in Catalan as part of the European Higher Education Area.

 The creation of terminology resources in Catalan.

2. Type B: Catalan language courses designed and organised to enable the language integration of students coming from other universities in the rest of Spain and other countries.

3. Type C: maintenance and updating of Catalan self-study facilities geared towards teachers, administrative and service personnel and students.

All the actions and projects put forward by universities for this call have been evaluated based on criteria set out in the rules, including that they are publicised, that whilst being actions and products geared towards the university community they can also have a social impact in other areas, they work in those fields and disciplines in which Catalan has a zero or deficient presence, and so on. In all cases, these projects and actions must conform to the language policy priorities of the Universities and Research Coordinating Committee and preferably should be the result of collaborative work between different universities, or alternatively if developed at one university it should be possible to extend and apply them to other universities.

The funding awarded to each university is set out by type below.

Table. Funding by university and type

Norma 2010

University Type A Type B Type C

University of Barcelona 103,476.14 122,054.54 10,371.24

Autonomous University of Barcelona 40,913.03 49,264.78 58,823.48

Polytechnic University of Catalonia 55,060.28 40,465.36 33,302.02

Pompeu Fabra University 27,738.60 18,736.18 1,200.00

University of Girona 23,873.40 7,482.50 1,000.00

University of Lleida 34,633.00 20,472.12 7,445.87

Rovira i Virgili University 29,178.25 15,503.74 2,115.00

Ramon Llull University 35,783.89 1,017.62 1,293.52

Open University of Catalonia 10,262.35 ------

International University of Catalonia 32,048.00 5,986.00 ------

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University of Vic 9,676.00 8,260.68 4,370.00

Abat Oliba University 6,996.00 718.32 ------

Subtotals 409,638.94 289,961.84 119,921.13

Total 819,521.91

The DILL funding awards

The DILL funding programme is designed to help drive scientific language in Catalan by awarding funding to foster the publication and distribution of textbooks and university manuals and scientific and technical books to be used in compulsory and optional modules in university education, either as a hardcopy or digitised.

In the course of 2010 funding of €330,281.36 has been awarded to a total of ninety-four publications, which are set out in the table below by areas of knowledge.

Table 3.5. Publications subsidised by areas of knowledge Areas of knowledge Publications Applied Mathematics 9 Teaching Language and Literature 7 Broadcasting and Advertising 6 Contemporary History 6 Social Psychology 5 Education and School Organisation 4 Financial Economics and Accounting 4 Philosophy 4 Medicine 4 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 3 Political Science and Government 3 Applied Physics 3 Signal Theory and Communications 3 Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence 2 Architectural Constructions 2 Civil Law 2 Applied Economy 2 Sculpture 2 Computer Architecture and Technology 1 Botany 1 Constitutional Law 1 Electrical Engineering 1 Architectural Graphic Expression 1 Greek Philology 1 Romance Studies 1 Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics 1 History of Science 1 History of Art 1 Modern History 1 General Linguistics 1 Computer Languages and Systems 1 Research and Assessment Methods in Education 1

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Music 1 Business Management 1 Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments 1 Painting 1 Architectural Plans 1 Analytical Chemistry 1 Sociology 1 Translation and Interpreting 1 Zoology 1 TOTAL 94

In 2010 a total of 18 grants coming to €14,662 have been given under the funding awards for doing university master’s degree programmes taught by Catalan universities whose purpose is to foster and spread the Catalan language (MFC).

Another major funding award designed to promote Catalan, this time run by the University and Research Grants Agency, consists of financial support for doctoral theses written in Catalan (TDCAT). In 2010 there have been one hundred and fifty-nine applications, and all of them have been awarded funding. €79,500 have been allocated to this funding award.

Other activities to foster the use of Catalan at universities

The TERMCAT Terminology Centre and the Universities and Research Coordinating Committee have signed a cooperation agreement to draw up a research projects thesaurus. This consultation tool, which is scheduled to be completed by 2012, will improve the classification of research projects carried out in Catalonia and will assist with their assessment when they are submitted to calls for public funding. This will be the first list of cataloguing terms about research produced in Catalonia. The terminology compilation, which will include 10,000 entries, will be drawn up by the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, the agency responsible for the standardisation of terminology in Catalan, and will be partnered by Talència, the institution which promotes research in Catalonia, which will assist with deciding on terms and their conceptual definition based on 1,500 research projects funded by this organisation.

Moreover, in 2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy, in coordination with the Coordinating Committee’s Language Policy Office and given the interest shown by the Catalan universities, has offered them the use of the Parla.cat portal for learning Catalan under the tutorial option. In the last quarter of the year the universities have examined how the platform works so as to include virtual and bimodal (half virtual and half face-to-face) Catalan courses as part of their own curricula. To facilitate learning management and act as a bridge between the General Directorate and universities, the Office has taken on the role of technical secretariat for all the courses taught by universities, which come to a total of 20.

This year all the preparatory work has been done for the signing in early 2011 of a cooperation agreement between the Department of Economy and Knowledge, the Department of Culture and the Interuniversity Committee for Catalan Language Training (CIFOLC). The purpose of this agreement is to consolidate the structure, ensure the stability and drive the activities of the Committee. These activities are based on the parameters of the European framework for language learning and are designed to unify Catalan language learning programmes through the establishment of common criteria in course schedules, in drawing up unified tests for certificates of knowledge of Catalan, in the training of trainers, developers and testers and in the remuneration paid for each task.

As for the Intercat multimedia platform, which consists of a set of electronic resources (teaching materials, socio-cultural activities, etc.) in a web environment, new media resources have been developed to promote the linguistic and cultural integration activities that the universities conduct for foreign students.

The Universities and Research Coordinating Committee has also supported other university activities which foster the use of Catalan or other minority languages through extraordinary funding awards.

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Furthermore, the University Entrance Examinations Office of Catalonia, which is part of the General Secretariat of the Interuniversity Council of Catalonia, organises and runs university entrance examinations (UEEs).

The table below shows the percentages for the use of Catalan and Spanish in these examinations over recent years.

Table 3.6. Use of Catalan in university entrance examinations. Percentages

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

% Catalan 92.10 92.44 93.05 94.14 93.68 93.20 94.46 93.93 94.28 95.29 % Spanish 7.90 7.56 6.95 5.86 6.32 6.80 5.54 6.07 5.72 4.71

These figures show that students who want to go to university have an excellent command of Catalan and use the language as the vehicular language of education.

As for examinations held in the 2009-2010 academic year, out of a total of 77,833 examinations, 74,168 have been done in Catalan (95.29%) and 3,665 in Spanish (4.71%). Analysis of the use of Catalan by counties shows that in 21 of them all the examinations were done in Catalan and that even in the county where most exams were done in Spanish, el Barcelonès, 92.36% of exams were done in Catalan.

In the 2009-2010 there has been a rise in the use of Catalan of 1.01 % compared with the previous academic year.1

5.4. Catalan in the health sector

In 2010 several items of language-related information have been posted on the Department of Health’s intranet. 17 language commentaries have been published, of which 7 are specific to the field of health sciences. New content has also been added to the language services website for the healthcare field and the language content for the Health Channel portal has been drawn up.

In addition, the following actions related to non-sexist language have been carried out:

 Drawing up a document at the request of the General Directorate for Language Policy, which sets out the opinion of the Language Planning Section concerning the criteria for implementation of the recommendations to avoid the use of sexist language (March).

 Dissemination in the Department of the Agreement for the use of non-sexist language (November).

 Writing and publication of a language commentary on the Intranet to publicise the content of this Agreement, with specific examples drawn from the health sector (December).

5.4.1. Actions of the Institute of Health Studies

Seven issues of the notícIES newsletter, which contains a section dedicated to the dissemination of language resources specially tailored to healthcare professionals, have been published. http://www.gencat.cat/salut/servling/servling/html/ca/Du20/index.html

1 (Source: Comparative study of the use of Catalan in university entrance examinations in 2010)

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5.4.2. Actions of the Regional Health Services

Tarragona

Under the cooperation agreements signed in December 2008 between the Department of Health, the public company Gestió i Prestació de Serveis de Salut (GIPPS – Management and Provision of Health Services) and the Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL) in Tarragona, in 2010 the final version of GIPSS’s Protocol d’usos lingüístics (Language Use Protocol) has been written and launched after being approved by the board of directors on 28 October 2010.

In conjunction with the Tarragona Consortium for Language Normalisation and the regional language policy services in Tarragona, the Model de protocol d’usos lingüístics per a la Generalitat de Catalunya i el sector públic que en depèn (Language Use Model Protocol for the Government of Catalonia and the Public Sector Accountable to It) has been drawn up, which the General Directorate for Language Policy has edited and published in digital form.

The Voluntariat per la llengua programme (see section 2 of this chapter) has continued in Grup Pere Mata health centres under the terms of an agreement with the Miquel Ventura Language Normalisation Centre in Reus whereby the group undertakes to promote knowledge and use of Catalan and the Voluntariat per la llengua programme among the 1,250 employees of the group’s companies based in Reus (Institut Pere Mata, Marinada, Bellissens and Villablanca). The agreement was signed in 2009 and is for 2 years. Four language pairs have been formed in 2010.

Lleida

The Department of Health/CatSalut has partnered the annual Llanterna Digital Awards. These awards seek to contribute to promoting the use of Catalan and Occitan and fostering audiovisual creation in these languages through making short films about the different topics selected each year. They are especially addressed to the Catalan and Occitan language communities worldwide.

The Llanterna Digital Awards 2010 are an initiative of the Lleida Language Services Coordinating Committee, which is made up of officials from the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Language Normalisation Centre (Lleida CNL), the Government of Catalonia’s regional Education, Health and Justice services, the University of Lleida, the Lleida Official Language School and the Language Service at trade union Comissions Obreres.

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Girona

Language normalisation plan at Sant Jaume Hospital in Olot

Following an agreement with the Consortium for Language Normalisation, in March 2010 the Sant Jaume Hospital Foundation in Olot launched the Voluntariat per la llengua (VxL) programme. The programme aims to provide everyone who has basic knowledge of Catalan and wants to start speaking it with the chance to do so in their workplace. Hospital staff attend a number of training sessions conducted by an officer from the Consortium which are designed to get people to think about language diversity, language habits and the importance of making Catalan into a common language while they also look at resources that can strengthen and improve the use of Catalan in this professional field.

The volunteers seek to ensure that Catalan is increasingly present in the department where they work and that there are no unnecessary language changes. They also help learners to acquire greater fluency and to build the language into their everyday actions and the workplace. The Sant Jaume Olot and County Hospital is one of the first hospitals to join the Voluntariat per la llengua programme, and the project is not only innovative but may also serve as a good model for the rest of the country. A section about the Voluntariat per la llengua programme has been included on the Hospital’s website.

The Aula de conversa (Conversation Classroom) has also been continued in 2010 and reading books in Catalan has been encouraged by means of a “box” that goes around with books that can be borrowed. Many volunteers have encouraged their colleagues to read books.

MELISA program

In September the MELISA (healthcare language mediator) program was presented at the headquarters of the Government of Catalonia in Girona. This is a project implemented by the Catalan Health Institute and the University of Vic and sponsored by the Social Projects unit at "la Caixa" Foundation and Girona Provincial Council.

Professionals from Salt ABS (Basic Health Area), ABS, Santa Eugenia Health Centre in Berga, Vic General Hospital, Sarria de Ter ABS, Girona I ABS, Inca County Hospital on Majorca and the Polytechnic School at the University of Vic have taken part in drawing up the MELISA program, which is intended to be a pioneering tool in virtual health mediation to help resolve communication problems between primary care teams (EAP) and patients using information and communication technology.

The main purpose of the project is to help health and social welfare professionals in their dealings with immigrants who have communication problems.

At present it is available in Catalan, Spanish, English, Arabic, Berber and Russian and in the near future versions in Chinese, Romanian, Fula, Mandingo, Soninke, German and French are to be added. Currently the program is operating at Salt ABS, les Borges del Camp ABS, Santa Eugenia Health Centre in Berga and at Vic General Hospital.

The MELISA program has been designed using usability criteria so as to make it as easy as possible to use. The program does not need any kind of installation.

The main access to the program is via the Web at www.melisaweb.cat/melisa, although it can also be accessed on a CD or by copying it onto a computer. Web access makes it easier to update the program with new content for all users. The program runs on any Internet browser and it looks like a web page. Navigation within the program is easy and intuitive. The program first asks what the configuration of the workplace will be as it works in two environments, one for healthcare professionals and the other for patients.

The purpose of the project is that the MELISA program should be a free tool available to all health centres that may need it and also that it should be open to participation, since it is a cooperative development project.

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Other actions in Girona

The Maresme and la Selva Health Corporation has published its Guia de llenguatge neutre: com fer un ús igualitari del llenguatge? (Guide to Neutral Language: equalitarian language use) as part of its Equality Plan.

The Health Care Institute has provided individualised Catalan language training to various levels of its personnel.

In 2010 the Girona Consortium for Language Normalisation has brought out six issues of the healthcare language advice sheet La llengua al dia (Language Up to Date), which can be viewed on the CatSalut website and which is also available on the Intranets of health providers.

5.5. Catalan in the field of work

5.5.1. The Catalan Employment Service

The Catalan Employment Service (SOC) and the General Directorate for Language Policy work together to provide training, resources and materials to facilitate the work of trainers and teachers in promoting the use of Catalan in occupational learning environments and in specific training in occupational courses.

A virtual dossier has been developed for presentation sessions about online resources to support learning Catalan and the improvement and promotion of the use of language. It includes information about vocabulary and terminology related to different occupational areas.

Measures have also been put in place in 2010 to foster the use of Catalan in the Catalan Employment Service’s employment policies and programmes.

Presentation of language resources for organisations partnering the SOC in providing occupational training services

In 2010 eight information and training sessions about online language resources have been held for management and specialist personnel at SOC partner organisations providing occupational training services. At these sessions, information is first given out about the online language resources available on the websites of the General Directorate for Language Policy and other organisations. These resources are free and easily accessible over the Internet. Then during the second part of the session attendees work interactively with the resources.

In 2010 a total of 258 training institutions from all over Catalonia have been invited. 101 members of management and specialist staff from SOC partner institutions attended the “Supply-driven Training through Training Plans” sessions. The attending organisations come from many different training specialities including administration and management, information technology, healthcare, tourism, hotels and food services, electricity and electronics, retail, painting, carpentry, construction and forestry work.

Partnership with the Innovation and Occupational Training Centres

In the second half of the year there have been several meetings between the technical team at the DGPL and the SOC and the head of coordinating Innovation and Occupational Training Centres (CIFO). They have been designed firstly to monitor the actions undertaken at the CIFOs according to the work plan and schedule set out for the first half of the year, and secondly to expand cooperation with new ideas and lines of work, including participation in the Voluntariat per la llengua programme, introducing a Catalan language module into the entrepreneurship courses carried out by the CIFOs (lasting 45 and 100 hours) and the preparation of basic materials for training specialties.

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5.5.2. Partnership agreement with the Consulate of the Dominican Republic

In order to foster training for immigrants in their countries of origin the General Directorate for Language Policy has provided information to consulates about a virtual and in-person language integration facility so that they can advise immigrants who arrive in Catalonia or want to come to the country. As part of this policy, on 14 May 2010 a partnership agreement was signed with the Consulate of the Dominican Republic.

The agreement is designed to put in place a framework of mutual relations that enables the adoption of measures to provide information about the linguistic reality of Catalonia, pathways to Catalan language learning and the social and employment opportunities associated with speaking it for citizens of the Dominican Republic who are living in Catalonia, planning to move there or wish to learn more.

As part of this partnership, a monitoring committee has been set up made up of two officials from each signatory led by the consul general and the head of the General Directorate for Language Policy.

The term of this agreement will be extended automatically for periods of one year until a new one comes into force or until one party terminates it with at least two months’ notice before the end of year.

Measures taken under the agreement include setting up an information and language integration section on the Consulate’s website (featuring information about Catalonia, the Catalan language, language resources and tools and downloadable audio materials), awareness sessions and presentations of the agreement to Consulate employees, setting up an information point with promotional materials and information leaflets at the Consulate and language training through the online Parla.cat course and Consortium for Language Normalisation courses.

5.5.3. Fostering the use of Catalan in the Barcelona Employment Inspection and Social Security services

Since 2004, the department responsible for employment issues has carried out actions to foster knowledge and use of Catalan with a view to the transfer of the Employment Inspectorate to the Government of Catalonia, which was carried out on 1 March 2010.

This transfer, in the new statutory framework, involves the following legislation:

 Royal Decree 206/2010, dated 26 February, on the transfer of functions and services to the Government of Catalonia in matters of public inspection by the Employment Inspection and Social Security services (DOGC 5577, dated 1 March 2010).

 Decree 20/2010, dated 1 March, which assigned the functions and services transferred to the Government of Catalonia in matters of public inspection by the Employment Inspection and Social Security services to the Department of Employment.

With this transfer, the Catalan Government, through the Department of Enterprise and Employment, assumes organic and functional authority over the Employment Inspection and Social Security services and their staff, which is necessary to perform the inspection function.

The transfer has been carried out in accordance with the principles of the single and integral conception of the Employment Inspection and Social Security services, the unity of function and performance in all social order areas and single access and mobility between levels of government for civil servants in the national system. This was agreed with social and economic stakeholders and is reflected in the Strategic Agreements for the internationalisation, employment quality and competitiveness of the Catalan economy in 2005 and 2008.

Two main fields of work have been mapped out for the medium and long term in the sphere of language which are designed to achieve two main objectives for the staff in this area:

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A) Meeting the regulatory requirements concerning language proficiency and use for staff in the performance of their duties in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, pursuant to the relevant regulations:

 Inspection staff must know and apply the Catalan Government’s rules for language use.

 Inspection staff must achieve the language proficiency required to perform their duties in the language of the government to ensure the fulfilment of the right of citizens to be served in the language of their choice.

B) Meeting the regulatory requirements concerning documents in terms of language and formal components.

The following actions have been carried out in 2010 in order to achieve these goals:

 Information sessions for personnel involved in the transfer (inspection, deputy inspection and support staff) in March 2010. A presentation of the basic language uses and requirements of the Catalan government has been given. These sessions have been held for the Employment Inspection services in Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Barcelona.

 Full inclusion of staff in planning for departmental training, including language courses.

 Analysis and a global plan for specific training activities (reception workshops for inspectors newly arrived in Catalonia, etc.) to be determined and carried out based on the specific needs of personnel.

 Revision carried out as part of the standard translation service, revision of text products from the departmental language planning unit and revision of forms and stationery.

5.5.4. Public registry offices

In 2010 the predominance of documents presented in Catalan in the General Registry of Cooperatives has been maintained.

The regional distribution of the incorporation of cooperatives in 2010 and the difference between the documentation in Spanish and Catalan are shown in the following table.

Documentation for cooperatives and language

Total Catalan Percentage Spanish Percentage Barcelona 72 60 83.3% 12 16.7% Girona 13 12 92.3% 1 7.3% Lleida 15 15 100% 0 0% Tarragona 9 9 100% 0 0% Terres de l’Ebre 5 5 100% 0 0% Totals 114 101 88.6% 13 11.4% Source: Legal Order Service in the General Directorate of the Cooperative Economy and Company Creation

In 2010 three second-tier cooperatives have been registered in the Department’s Barcelona Central Services Register in Barcelona. All three have filed their articles of association in Catalan.

Furthermore, 136 employee-owned companies have filed articles of association and other notary documents for their constitution in 2010; 26 of them have filed their articles of association in Catalan and 110 in Spanish. (Figures from the Directorate General for the Social and Cooperative Economy and Self-Employment.)

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5.5.5. Collective agreements and employment contracts

Article 16 of Act 1/1998 on Language Policy, states that collective agreements are valid in any of the official languages and must be written in the official language that both sides agree to, or if there is no agreement, in both of the official languages and in separate copies. The Act affords relevant treatment to collective agreements, in view of their character as being agreed regulation of labour relations and the great number of people they affect.

In 2010 there has been a change in the handling and distribution of documents related to collective bargaining in order to meet the obligation contained in article 90.3 of the revised Workers’ Statute Act, which states that the employment authorities must have the compulsory and free publication of the agreement within ten days from its filing in the registry.

Thus in order not to jeopardise labour relations in Catalonia due to breach of the publication deadline, it has been decided by Directorate General of Industrial Relations Circular 1/2008 and its supplementary instructions that starting in 2010 collective agreements at the provincial or lower level are to published in the official gazettes of the respective province and in the language in which they have been filed by the parties. However, the Department remains entitled to ask the parties to submit the text at least in Catalan and, if it is presented only in Spanish, to request them to submit it in Catalan as well.

In 2010 a total of 254 sector or company agreements and other collective bargaining documents have been registered in Catalonia covering a total of 237,644 workers.

Information on changes in the language used in collective bargaining agreements that have been registered in recent years in Catalonia can be found in chapter VI.

5.5.6. Employment documents and other forms on the Internet

In 2010 a total of 55 contractual documents have been reviewed and updated in compliance with State legislation and regulations. They are all available in electronic format on the Department’s website.

As for other employment forms, they are standardised in terms of language quality (language used, style and register) and formal corporate design, layout and appropriateness in compliance with the visual identification programme (PIV).

In the course of 2010 work has been done on a total of 1,291 forms:

 581 new documents:

- 286 for the website catalogue - 46 forms in applications (teleprocessing) - 249 electronic output documents (teleprocessing)

 710 forms amended for updating purposes

There are at present more than 1,400 forms in the Department's catalogue.

5.5.7. Updating the ‘Diccionari de la negociació col·lectiva’

In 1999 the Department of Employment and the TERMCAT Terminology Centre drew up and published the Diccionari de la negociació col·lectiva (Collective Bargaining Dictionary), which contains 590 Catalan terms with definitions and the equivalents in Spanish, French and English. This version has been available online since 2008.

In 2009 it was agreed to produce an updated second edition of this dictionary which would feature the changes that have taken place over the previous ten years and which would be produced with the agreement of the stakeholders involved (trade unions, business organisations, etc.).

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In 2010 TERMCAT has completed the project to update the content of the Diccionari de la negociació col·lectiva with a review of topics, the application of the amendments from the specialists and the final review.

The Department is now at the stage of finalising the product through the endorsement of the Labour Relations Board to ensure the dictionary is agreed by all sides. It will then be distributed.

5.5.8. The PROFIT Programme

PROFIT (Programme for Comprehensive Training for Workers) is the outcome of a partnership between various departments in the Government of Catalonia.

It was set up to meet an essential need of establishments in Catalonia and is designed to deliver training and skills recycling for their employees in customer care and service quality so that the establishments have well-trained personnel who bring prestige to their profession and can meet customer needs. The PROFIT programme has thus been created to ensure the quality and image of establishments in Catalonia. More information about the programme can be found in section 3.5.2 in this chapter.

5.5.9. “Oberts al català” campaign

The “Oberts al català” (Open to Catalan) campaign was begun in 2006 as an annual project run jointly by the Generalitat of Catalonia and the Trade Unit at Barcelona Provincial Council.

In 2010 a cooperation agreement has been signed between the Government of Catalonia and the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation) to carry out the “Oberts al català al turisme” (Open to Catalan in Tourism) campaign and to continue with the joint project “Oberts al català” begun in 2006. More information about this campaign can be found in section 3.4.2 in this chapter.

5.5.10. Plan to support companies in training workers who provide customer service

This plan has been run over the last few months of the year by the General Directorate for Language Policy in partnership with the Consortium for Language Normalisation. Its general aim is to get companies that deal with the public (such as ones in the food and personal care sectors) to commit to and take joint responsibility for normally using Catalan.

The plan has consisted of offering companies free beginners’ and basic level Catalan courses with the company undertaking to map out, in collaboration with the Consortium, a language plan that contains at least language use criteria, training for staff dealing with the public and promoting the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. The General Directorate for Language Policy has been involved in drawing up the plan, providing funding and monitoring projects submitted. As of 31 December, the figures for courses and people enrolled for them under the plan are as follows:

Levels Number of courses Number of enrolments

Basic 1 23 259 Basic 2 3 55 Elementary 2 1 8 Parla.cat. Basic 1 level 1 3 Enrolments for general courses 16 -- Totals 28 325

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5.6. Catalan and new technologies

The Secretariat of Telecommunications and the Information Society in the Government of Catalonia promotes the presence of Catalan in new technology. Below is an account of the activities carried out during 2010 in different areas of activity.

5.6.1. Promotion of mobile telephony in Catalan

Agreement with mobile telephony manufacturers and operators

In 2007 the Government of Catalonia signed an agreement with mobile phone manufacturers and operators in order to achieve full use of Catalan in the field of mobile telephony. The manufacturers agreed progressively to introduce Catalan as a language option in the menus and applications of new terminals sold in Catalonia.

The following measures have been carried out under the terms of the agreement signed with the manufacturers and operators:

 Maintenance and updating of content on the www.elteumobil.cat website, which provides information about mobile phones in Catalan that are available on the market and which operators they can be bought from. It also sets out the language rights of users and the way of reporting any breach of them.

 Attendance with a stand at the De Tot Cat fair held in Girona from 4 to 6 June. This multi- sector event featured products in the food, new technology, leisure, etc. sectors that are available in Catalan.

The "Elteumobil.cat" campaign

The “Elteumobil.cat” to promote mobile telephony in Catalan has been continued in 2010.

“Elteumobil.cat” is the name of the campaign being run by the General Directorate of Telecomunications and the Information Society (DGTSI), in the Department of Enterprise and Employment and the General Directorate for Language Policy in the Generalitat to promote mobile telephony in Catalan. "Elteumobil.cat" informs consumers about which terminals are currently available in Catalan and through which operators they can be acquired. It also provides information about which Generalitat of Catalonia and Catalan Radio and Television Corporation interactive services and applications can be used with a mobile phone.

The campaign grew out of an agreement signed in 2007 between the Department of Governance and Public Administration, mobile phone manufacturers Nokia, Motorola, Alcatel and Sony Ericsson and operators Movistar, Vodafone, Orange and Yoigo. Under the terms of the agreement, the manufacturers undertake to progressively include Catalan in the menus of their terminals before 31 December 2008, while the operators agree to make the presence of Catalan a requirement that the manufacturers must meet in order to gain approval for terminals and their sale to the public.

In 2010 a total of 122 terminals have a Catalan language menu option, distributed as shown below:

Terminals in Catalan by manufacturer Make Models Alcatel 8 BlackBerry 7 HTC 4 LG 10 Motorola 11 Nokia 47 Samsung 10 Sharp 1 Sony Ericsson 24

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Total 122

Terminals in Catalan by operator Operator Models Movistar 82 Vodafone 46 Orange 23 Yoigo 12 Eroski 8 Unlocked terminals 19 Total 180

5.6.2. Promotion of Catalan in ICT and at Catalan SMEs

PIMESTIC is the Government of Catalonia’s action plan, led jointly by the General Directorate of Telecommunications and the Information Society and ACC1Ó, the agency that supports the competitiveness of Catalan companies in the Department of Enterprise and Employment, to promote information and communication technology (ICT) in Catalan companies.

The ultimate goal of the 2007-2010 plan is to improve the competitiveness of Catalan companies through the introduction and efficient use of ICTs.

The Plan is targeted at micro, small and medium Catalan enterprises in all business sectors. In particular, it focuses on "pragmatic" SMEs which adopt technology when it is mature and some of which are success stories, and "conservative" ones which implement solutions when their usefulness is already evident and they are almost obsolete.

In 2010 there have been 60 awareness meetings run as part of the PIMESTIC programme. There are four types of events:

 Conference with case studies: events addressed to all types of enterprises to set out the benefits of implementing information and communication technologies (ICT) in companies based on real examples. The sessions with case studies are aimed at managers, operations managers and information technology managers in small and medium enterprises.

 Sector conference: these are workshops, talks and seminars geared towards the promotion of ICT in specific sectors and at which the common ICT needs and/or shortcomings of the sector are shared. Sector events are carried out in partnership with employers’ organisations and trade or professional associations and all the companies in the area where the conference is held are invited to attend.

 Themed conference: these take an in-depth look at the benefits of using ICT to improve customer management, use electronic marketing and streamline sales teams. The themed conferences are organised by the Barcelona Chamber of Commerce and ACC1Ó in partnership with the General Directorate of Telecommunications and the Information Society as part of the PIMESTIC plan.

 Digital Economy discussions: these are meetings held to promote and disseminate the intensive and extensive use of ICT in companies, institutions and society through advanced initiatives. The discussions are single-issue events which feature a series of lectures before concluding with a final debate.

The PIMESTIC action plan includes a guidance service for businesses which is funded by the Government of Catalonia. It involves an examination by a Government-approved expert in giving advice about information and communication technology (ICT) and business processes of the level of implementation and use of ICT in the company that has asked for assistance based on a personal interview.

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This expert provides neutral and customised analysis of the business’s needs in information and communication technology (ICT) and produces a report containing proposed measures and guidance concerning the implications and resources needed to ensure the success of these actions.

In 2010 a total of 440 such guidance services have been delivered.

A second action has been to maintain the promotional campaign for ‘.cat’ domain names for Catalan SMEs that was begun in 2008. In 2010, 84 companies have taken advantage of this campaign.

Finally, EinesTIC is a measure forming part of the PIMESTIC plan which offers a series of IT tools to meet the basic computing needs in Catalan of the self-employed and small businesses and thereby smooth the way to the introduction of information and communications technology (ICT) in the management of these businesses. There have been 59 partner institutions in the promotion and distribution of EinesTIC that has resulted in a total of 3,417 computing packages distributed (on CD or downloaded from the website).

5.6.3. Support for the development of services and content in Catalan

The Government of Catalonia, through the General Directorate of Telecommunications and the Information Society, seeks to foster the development of digital content and services that are tailored to meet the needs of Catalan society in order to promote integration in the information society and social, economic and territorial cohesion. In 2010 this has involved supporting the development of services and digital content in Catalan as part of the Digital Cities Programme, which seeks to achieve the following objectives:

 Promote the setting up of venues where business initiatives with high value added technology are located and encouraged.

 Promote the development of digital services addressed to local people and businesses. Set up and promote ICT Points as regional benchmarks for information and communication technologies (ICT) training and dissemination.

44 digital services have been developed.

5.6.4. Digital Hardware Framework Agreement 2010/3

In 2009 the Digital Hardware Framework Agreement was signed that includes the purchase of client and server computers and network and communications equipment. This agreement provides a procurement framework which enables the Catalan Government to expedite procurement, adjust the cost of purchase to market prices, improve the management of procurement aggregation and planning and ensure the use of Catalan in the interface with user.

The Agreement lays down mandatory standards for the use of Catalan in the implementation of the contract. The successful bidder must use Catalan in its dealings with the Government arising from the execution of the purpose of the Agreement. In addition, the successful bidder and any subcontractors must use Catalan at least in signs, publications, notices and other general communications arising from the performance of the services that have been contracted. In particular, successful bidders must use Catalan at least in the labelling, packaging, technical documentation, instruction manuals and the description of other unique features of the goods and products based on the provisions of the particular technical specifications for the tender. Hence the successful bidder must provide all manuals and any technical documentation required to operate the product at least in Catalan.

The first Digital Hardware Framework Agreement was set up in January 2010.

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5.7. Catalan and the audiovisual industry

5.7.1. Promoting Catalan in films

Given that the cinema is a key sector in the normalisation of the use of Catalan, one of the Government’s objectives is to foster the production of Catalan films and films made in Catalan, to encourage and further dubbing into and subtitling in Catalan of films made in other languages, and to promote the distribution and screening of these products in any format. Another goal is to ensure that any dubbing done for the cinema is also included automatically on domestic DVDs.

The main institutional agents involved in actions geared towards achieving these goals are the General Directorate for Language Policy for dubbing and subtitling foreign-made films and the Catalan Institute of Cultural Industries in terms of films made in Catalonia.

The goal of the General Directorate for Language Policy (DGPL) in the audiovisual industry has been to define and adopt a programme of political, legislative and financial measures to promote films dubbed into or subtitled in Catalan both in terms of screening in cinemas and in terms of television broadcasting and sales of DVD and other digital formats. The following measures have been addressed in order to achieve this goal: influencing the various sectors involved in distributing and screening films, driving initiatives to ensure that all spin-off products include Catalan, and stepping up the promotion of these products.

Support for dubbing into and subtitling in Catalan

Every year the General Directorate for Language Policy announces a call for funding addressed to film distribution companies designed to increase the number of new releases of films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan. These subsidies cover the cost of the dubbing or subtitling, prints and the promotional material used to advertise the Catalan-language prints, posters and producing TV and radio advertisements.

In total in 2010 the General Directorate for Language Policy has spent €959,916.16 on subsidies for the promotion of films in Catalan, of which €893,813.15 has been allocated to dubbing and €66,103.01 to subtitling.

Based on the proposals of the film distribution companies, the DGPL then makes a selection of the films which will receive funding for dubbing into Catalan. Children’s films are a priority, as these tend to have larger audiences and are more popular with commercial screening companies. Some film sagas such as Harry Potter and Shrek, which have traditionally been dubbed into Catalan, and the film versions of bestselling books also published in Catalan are incontestable choices.

Turning to subtitling, in 2010 three films have been released in their original versions and subtitled in (VOSC): Precious, Change Nothing and City of Life and Death and two films both dubbed and subtitled: The King’s Speech and Sarah’s Key. One of the subtitled prints of The King’s Speech has been the second most viewed print of all dubbed prints in both Catalan and Spanish. In addition, the DGPL has continued to support the subtitling of documentaries as part of the “Documentary of the Month" series and the feature-length and short films screened at the various film festivals and shows that are members of the Coordinating Committee for Film Festivals and Shows in Catalonia.

In 2010 a total of 11 foreign-made films have been released dubbed into Catalan, of which two have also had a subtitled version, three have been subtitled for commercial circuits and eight documentaries have been subtitled as part of the “Documentary of the Month" series.

Five of these 14 dubbed and subtitled titles come from multinational companies that are members of FEDICINE: The Walt Disney Company Iberia (1), Paramount Pictures (2), Universal Pictures (1) and Warner Bros Entertainment España (1). Other independent companies, some of which had taken part in previous funding competitions, have released a total of eight dubbed and subtitled films: DeAPlaneta (2), Sogedasa (1), Vértigo (1), Paco Poch cinema (1), Emon (2) and Karma films (1).

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Foreign films released in 2010 dubbed or subtitled in Catalan with the financial support of the DGPL (includes the documentaries of the month)

Dubbed films Distributor Release date

1 Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard DEA PLANETA 19 February 2010 2 The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets’ Nest VERTIGO 5 March 2010 3 How to Train Your Dragon PARAMOUNT 26 March 2010 4 Sorry If I Love You EMON 30 April 2010 5 Shrek. The Final Chapter PARAMOUNT 9 July 2010 6 Toy Story 3 DISNEY 21 July 2010 7 Astro Boy DEA PLANETA 24 September 2010 8 Despicable Me UNIVERSAL 8 October 2010 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (part 9 WARNER 19 November 2010 1) 10 The King’s Speech DEA PLANETA 22 December 2010 11 Sarah’s Key EMON 29 December 2010

Subtitled films Distributor Release date

1 Precious FILMAX 5 February 2010 2 City of Life and Death KARMA FILMS 9 April 2010 3 Change Nothing PACO POCH CINEMA 11 June 2010

Documentary of the month Distributor Release date

1 Pensioners PLANETA MED SL 7 January 2010 2 Cooking History PLANETA MED SL 5 March 2010 3 Burma VJ PLANETA MED SL 6 April 2010 4 The Queen and I PLANETA MED SL 4 May 2010 5 Hair India PLANETA MED SL 1 July 2010 6 God Bless Iceland PLANETA MED SL 10 September 2010 7 Pax Americana PLANETA MED SL 1 October 2010 8 The edge of dreaming PLANETA MED SL 2 December 2010

Dubbing of foreign-made new releases

Of the 11 new releases of foreign-made films dubbed into Catalan, six are for children, one is especially geared towards teenagers and four are for adults.

Mention should also be made of the presence on cinema screens in Catalonia of some of the major children’s cartoon films of the year 2010 dubbed into Catalan: How to Train Your Dragon, Shreck: The Final Chapter, Toy Story 3 and Despicable Me.

Particularly successful in terms of audiences have been the three films for adults, The King’s Speech, Millennium 3 and Sarah’s Key. Mention should also be made of the film for young people Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the first part of the seventh episode. In all of these cases the dubbed soundtrack will also be available on the DVD.

In accordance with the collaboration agreements between the Government of Catalonia and the Government of the Balearic Islands, three of the films released, dubbed into Catalan, were shown on the Islands. The Government of the Balearic Islands meets the expenses of the print without including

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IV. The actions of the Government the proportional part of the dubbing or the promotion. Three of the films dubbed into Catalan have been released in Andorra.

Three large format films dubbed into Catalan have been released: Magic Journey to Africa, SOS Planet and Wild Ocean 3D, with the support of the General Directorate for Language Policy by means of advertising on television.

Subtitling in Catalan in 2010

The General Directorate for Language Policy has continued to support the project being carried out by Parallel 40 which is based on releasing a feature-length documentary subtitled in Catalan every month in a number of towns around Catalonia. In Catalonia in 2010, eight documentaries have been shown in their original languages with Catalan subtitles as part of the "Documentary of the Month" series. The General Directorate for Language Policy has given €50,000 to Planeta Med, SL, for this project.

The success of the initiative can be seen in the increase in the number of spectators and the number of towns where these films can be seen, up from eight in 2005 to 13 in 2010. The subtitled copies of these documentaries are also sent to a number of towns on the Balearic Islands and in the Region of Valencia.

Finally, the DGPL has also provided €180,000 in funding for the Coordinating Committee for Cinema Festivals and Shows in Catalonia for Catalan subtitling of foreign films screened in the official sections of its member festivals. Twenty-three of the Coordinating Committee’s members have taken advantage of this funding.

Support for the promotion of films in Catalan

The difference in the conditions for screening Catalan versions compared with their Spanish-language counterparts (number of cinemas, cinemas not in town centres, fewer screenings in some cases, shorter runs, less promotion and recently competition with 3D prints which are mostly in Spanish) means that Catalan versions are often not commercially profitable and consequently firms do not commit to films in Catalan.

As a result the DGPL carries out actions to support the promotion of Catalan versions of films in order to help balance the conditions of availability.

The General Directorate for Language Policy’s subsidies include the cost of advertising the films, radio commercials and supplying specific information for the listings in some newspapers and for various websites and social networks.

Advertising on TV and the radio has entailed an advertising campaign for each film on the Catalan Broadcasting Corporation (CCMA) stations: TV3, C33 and Catalunya Ràdio. For its part the Catalan Broadcasting Corporation (CCMA) has continued to broadcast a 30-second Agenda de cinema slot before the Telenotícies vespre evening news which announced one film that was being shown in Catalan.

The 70 mm IMAX, OMNIMA and 3D films shown in Catalan at the IMAX Port Vell cinema have also benefited from these advertising campaigns on CCMA (Catalan Broadcasting Corporation) stations.

The DGPL has regularly issued press releases to inform specialist film media outlets about new releases in Catalan and has also sent the daily listing of all films dubbed, subtitled or made in Catalan to the newspapers La Vanguardia, Avui, El Periódico and on a weekly basis. Avui and La Vanguardia have set aside a space for advertisements exclusively for films in Catalan.

The Cinema en català (Films in Catalan) Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/cinemaencatala, which regularly features trailers and ads for films dubbed into Catalan and other audiovisual content, has increased its number of subscribers to almost 5,000. A fair number of enquiries about films in Catalan have also been answered.

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IV. The actions of the Government

Listings of movies in Catalan have continued to be posted every week on the Catalan Language website http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/cartellera and have been sent to other specialist websites.

As back-up for activities geared towards promoting the new releases in Catalan, a number of previews were held in partnership with the Club TR3SC.

The DGPL has also promoted new releases of films in Catalan through posters in Catalan for each film which have been sent to a range of organisations (Consortium for Language Normalisation, regional services of the Secretariat for Youth, regional services of the DGPL, the Department of Education, and the Libraries of Catalonia).

In 2010 the DGPL has spent €154,948.46 on promoting and advertising films dubbed and subtitled in Catalan in the media. This figure includes expenditure on radio advertisements on Catalan Broadcasting Corporation stations and the cost of the Agenda de cinema slot on TV3. The table below shows films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan with the support of the General Directorate for Language Policy.

Support for screening

Prints of new releases in Catalan have been distributed via the normal screening networks in Catalonia. Normally one or two prints are available in Barcelona. Other towns where Catalan versions are often distributed are Girona, Granollers, Lleida, Manresa, Olot, Sabadell, Tarragona, Terrassa and Vic. There are usually 12 prints per film.

Other activities related to screening films in Catalan include the CINC (Cicle de Cinema Infantil en Català – Children’s Films in Catalan Season) at the local and county level which has been run since 2004. This season is the result of a partnership between cinema managers from a number of towns, the regional services of the DGPL and the General Directorate itself, which helps with the publication of information leaflets addressed to children at schools in towns where the CINC is run. This season is designed to remedy the lack of children’s films available on the market in Catalan, create new audiences for films in Catalan and promote the habit of watching films in Catalan through a combination of attractive films and a policy of low prices. Thus in most cases films which have already been commercially released in the cinema. Over the last year films shown have included Planet 51, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Up, Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, Monsters vs. Aliens, Toy Story 3 and Shrek: The Final Chapter, while older movies such as The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie and Doraemon and the South Sea Pirates have been screened again. In 2010 twenty-eight towns of Catalonia have taken part in the season, and two towns in Franja de Ponent: Mequinensa and Tamarit de Llitera. A total of 46,558 spectators have attended the various CINC screenings in 2010 in the spring and autumn seasons, which is a rise of 10.27% compared with the figure for 2009.

The Catalan Institute of Cultural Industries (ICIC)

The Catalan Institute of Cultural Industries (ICIC), a public law entity attached to the Department of Culture in the Government of Catalonia, is the agency through which the Government of Catalonia, with the participation of the cultural sectors involved, carries out policies to support cultural companies designed to strengthen the industrial fabric of Catalonia in this area.

The ICIC’s mission is to promote the development of firms engaged in the production, distribution and marketing of cultural products on any kind of medium and also those engaged in the production, distribution and marketing of live entertainment. The running of the Film Archive of Catalonia in order to preserve film memory and heritage also falls within its remit.

In the audiovisual sector, the ICIC is also responsible for analysing the results of film screenings and the rating of audiovisual works.

The ICIC supports the Catalan audiovisual throughout its value chain, from the moment the script is begun to holding events to promote the audiovisual sector. An important part of these lines of action is channelled through grants and subsidies aimed at promoting the development of projects, production, screening and distribution.

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IV. The actions of the Government

Information about subsidies from the ICIC can be found in chapter III, section 2.4.

5.8. Catalan and the media

5.8.1. Regulatory framework

Article 146 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia dealing with the media and audiovisual content services specifies that “the Government of Catalonia shall promote the linguistic and cultural pluralism of Catalonia in the media” even though, in accordance with article 6 in the SAC, they should normally use Catalan.

In its articles 25 and 26, the Language Policy Act 1/1998, dated 7 January, regulates the presence of Catalan in public radio and television media outlets. (See chapter I.)

For its part, the legislation for the sector, the Audiovisual Communication in Catalonia Act 22/2005, dated 29 December, establishes the following with respect to language:

In its article 26 it states that a specific mission of public service broadcasting run by the Government is "f) The promotion, knowledge and dissemination of Catalan language and culture within the general framework of the Government’s language and cultural policy, as well as of Aranese under the terms established by prevailing legislation”.

As for the local public service broadcasting, article 32 of the Act provides as follows: "3. Providers of local public service television shall ensure: (...) c) Scheduling in which the language that is usually used is Catalan, and other obligations stipulated in the regulations concerning language policy are also met”. Finally, regarding the provision of broadcasting services by private companies, the Audiovisual Communication in Catalonia Act regulates the promotion of Catalan and Aranese Occitan as one of the purposes of the licences, a criterion for their award and part of their content. Thus article 48 provides that "the purpose of the licence to provide broadcasting services is to define the particular conditions for the delivery of the service in order to: (...) d) Promote Catalan language and culture and use of Aranese (...)”.

For its part, article 52 regulates the criteria for awarding the licence and provides as follows: "1. The Catalan Audiovisual Council shall assess the bids submitted in accordance with the following criteria: (...) b) The degree of use of Catalan and promotion and dissemination of Catalan culture and, if applicable, Aranese. (...)”.

Finally, article 53 regulates the content of the licence and states the following: "1. The licence to provide broadcasting services shall define: (...) f) The percentages for the fulfilment of obligations regarding the normalisation and protection of Catalan language and culture and the use of Aranese in the Val d'Aran, and the time slots when they are to be applied. (...). 2. In the case of local TV stations, the licence shall include the following requirements: (...) c) Scheduling that uses Catalan for at least 50% of airtime, including programmes shown during prime time, and also the other obligations stipulated in language policy regulations. (...)” .

According to Act 22/2005, the Catalan Audiovisual Council has taken on new powers with respect to the normalisation and fostering of the Catalan language and culture and the Occitan spoken in the Val d’Aran in the broadcasting media in terms of the possibility of establishing specific adjustments in language matters, and the consolidation of a system of offences and penalties in the event of breach of obligations concerning language issues and music sung in Catalan and in Aranese has been set up.

5.8.2. The Catalan Broadcasting Corporation

Initially the public entity running the Catalan Government’s broadcasting media was the Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió (CCRTV – Catalan Radio and Television Corporation), created under Act 10/1983, dated 30 May. With the passing of Act 11/2007, dated 11 October, the Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió became known as the Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals (CCMA – Catalan Broadcasting Corporation) due to the expansion of its functions in accordance with

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IV. The actions of the Government changes in technology that had taken place and in anticipation of those expected to occur in the future. As set out in the preamble of the Act, the new broadcasting context calls for a definition of the role and obligations of public service. This function must include appropriate measures to ease the digital divide in the changeover towards the information society and ensure universal access to the various forms of dissemination of knowledge, information and culture.

The Catalan Broadcasting Corporation’s mission is to offer quality public broadcasting services in Catalan that are committed to ethical and democratic principles and to the promotion of Catalan and Aranese language and culture.

The purpose of the CCMA is to produce and broadcast content that meets the public’s democratic, social and cultural needs in order to achieve utmost acceptance and constitute a model of quality and credibility.

The production and broadcasting of audiovisual content through CCMA companies is carried out based on standards of independence, professionalism and efficiency in resource management and internal corporate cohesion.

The CCMA helps to normalise the use of Catalan and to consolidate standard oral and written Catalan combined with respect for dialectical variation. Its language model encompasses the different geographical and register varieties, tailored to different communication situations so as to reach a broad and heterogeneous audience.

CCMA actions

The main activities in 2010 in chronological order have been the following:

 All TVC programming in widescreen format and pioneering 3D broadcasts

Since 2 February 2010 Televisió de Catalunya (TVC) has been broadcasting the programming of all its channels in 16:9 widescreen format. TVC is the first group in Spain that has made the complete changeover to this format, which is the predominant one in domestic televisions and for high definition. This change represents a revolution in television production and broadcasting. In addition, TVC has also been a pioneer in making regular broadcasts in 3D. Since May, 3D programmes have had a weekly time slot on the TV3HD channel on Saturdays at 6 pm.

 Launch of CANAL FGC and new Digital Signage initiatives

On 4 March CANAL FGC was presented, a new television channel broadcast on screens installed in Generalitat of Catalonia railway stations and which provides constantly updated TV3 information services and content. It is a benchmark due to its technological innovation and a pioneering project in the digital signage field. Digital signage is one of the CCMA’s major projects and since 2008 it has placed screens and other digital devices in places used by large numbers of people to bring its public service content to the public at large. Broadcasts by TV3, Catalunya Ràdio and 3cat24.cat can already be found in health centres, hospitals, bus stations and on the Barcelona Metropolitan Tramway. This policy was furthered in November with the installation of a big screen in the Boqueria Market which shows live broadcasts from TV3, two TVC channels and municipal or market information.

 Renewal of Catalunya Música’s agreement with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) for 5 another years

On 5 May Catalunya Música renewed its membership for another five years of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the organisation that brings together all public service broadcasters in Europe and some of its major private radio and television companies as well. The agreement entitles Catalunya Música to access a large part of the musical productions of the network of EBU stations and also offers it the chance to provide productions by Catalan composers and performers. Catalunya Música has made more than 120 concerts available to the major European classical music broadcasters and in just two years has become the tenth station by the number of concerts offered to the EBU for broadcasting with over 630 requests.

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IV. The actions of the Government

 Approval of the Guia editorial in the CCMA style guide

On 28 July the Governing Council of the Catalan Broadcasting Corporation approved the Guia editorial (Editorial Guidelines), the first part of the Style Guide which replaces the former Charter of Principles for Action by CCMA Media. The document includes the guidelines for the production and broadcasting of content by Generalitat of Catalonia broadcasting media and the values and principles of public service, commitment to Catalonia, quality of content and transparency and efficiency in management. It consists of three parts: the editorial guidelines, which is the main part, the instruction manual (still being drawn up), which is the practical application of the editorial guidelines in production and broadcasting in the various media outlets, and the ésAdir language portal, the CCMA’s language benchmark. The Style Guide is a basic working tool for professionals in Corporation companies and is also open to the entire journalistic profession and Catalan society.

 Premiere of 3XL, the new TVC channel for young people

On 19 September 3XL, the new Televisió de Catalunya channel for young people, was launched. Designed specifically for people aged between 16 and 25, it shares a frequency with the Super3 channel and takes over from the latter from 9.30 pm to 6 am. All the channel’s programmes are subtitled and it features major productions in various genres such as fantasy, action, comedy, etc. In addition, its website (www.3xl.cat) promotes constant interaction by users who are part of the 3XL Community. They can take part based on the content of the episodes and the official websites of 3XL series and programmes.

 New TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio headquarters in Les Terres de l’Ebre

On 16 September the new TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio headquarters in Les Terres de l’Ebre was opened in the town of Roquetes (Baix Ebre). The opening of the new headquarters is recognition of the importance and specificity of les Terres de l’Ebre and an instance of the CCMA’s awareness of the area. This measure is designed to promote the regional balance of information and give more visibility to this area, so that what happens there is heard about across Catalonia.

 TV3 provides global signal for the Pope's visit to Barcelona and the Champions League final

TV3 provided the global signal for Pope Benedict XVI’s visit to Barcelona on 7 November. One thousand media outlets from around the world with a potential audience of 150 million people received the TV3 signal, the only TV station allowed entry into the dedication ceremony for the Sagrada Família, the main event of the visit. During the ceremony, which was covered in high definition with a total of 32 cameras and 3D equipment, the first images of the central aisle of the church with its interior completed were shown. TV3 has also been responsible for producing the international signal for the Champions League final between Inter Milan and Bayern Munich played at the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium in Madrid on 22 May. UEFA entrusted to TV3 the production in high definition and 3D of the pictures of the game, which were broadcast on 75 channels worldwide with an estimated audience of 280 million viewers.

 Major progress at TV3alacarta

In November TV3alacarta, Televisió de Catalunya’s video on demand service, has made a great leap forward with the presentation of a new version, a new concept that enhances the experience of watching video online. The new TV3alacarta, with an archive of more than 180,000 hours of programmes, offers more full-screen possibilities, more user participation, more associated information, subtitles, exclusive channels, premiere previews and a firm commitment to offer more content, particularly sport and top quality fiction. TV3alacarta is accessible on computers and also on other devices with an Internet connection, such as some types of TVs, game consoles and mobiles, iPads and iPhones.

5.8.3. The Catalan Dubbing Service

In 2005, the CCMA started up the Servei Català de Doblatge (SCD – Catalan Dubbing Service). The task of the SCD is to dub into Catalan all movies shown on TV in order to include those dubbings on

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DVDs and other home formats. TV3 arranges for the dubbing for television of foreign films released in commercial cinemas and gives this dubbing away free of charge to distributors so that they can include it in the DVD/video edition and also make it available to TV stations which buy broadcasting rights. Likewise the Service also manages TV3’s archive of dubbed material.

In 2010 the CCMA has dubbed 2,210 hours of programmes into Catalan. In addition, the Catalan Dubbing Service has also brought out a total of 141 titles for use on DVD in 2010, of which 98 have a soundtrack and subtitles in Catalan, 42 only a Catalan soundtrack and one only Catalan subtitles.

Furthermore, in 2010 the Catalan Dubbing Service has also provided 2,728 hours from its dubbing archive to other television service providers which are distributed as shown below. More information is available on the website http://www.tv3.cat/doblatge.

Subtitling and accessibility

In 2010 the total number of hours subtitled for all public television channels in Catalonia (TVC) has come to 20,375, compared with the 14,189 hours produced in 2009. The table below shows the hours of subtitled programmes and their percentage with respect to total broadcast hours in the course of 2010.

Hours Percentage

TV3 4,347 49.62% 33 5,149 58.77% Super3-300-3XL 6,079 69.39% TV3CAT 4,800 54.79% Total hours 20,375 58.14%

The number of hours broadcast with subtitles for the deaf on the various channels makes up 58.14% of overall programmes. On Canal 33, 2% of programmes are broadcast with open subtitles (the subtitles everyone sees), and 0.5% of programmes on TV3CAT are broadcast in this way.

Moreover, in 2010 subtitling has begun for rolling news channel 3/24 (158 hours) and the new 3XL and Esport3 channels, the latter as a test broadcast until February 2011. Thus TVC’s news channel has now become an accessible channel while the channel for young people and the sports channel have included accessibility right from the beginning. In fact, 3XL has started up with 100% of its scheduling subtitled.

More than 900 hours of live programmes with subtitles have been broadcast. Some of the programmes that are always subtitled are Divendres, Àgora and Banda Ampla. In total in 2010, and apart from football, basketball and Formula 1 broadcasts, other programmes to have been subtitled live are news specials and other special programmes (such as the news special on the death of Joan Antoni Samaranch, the programme about the demonstration on 10 July about the Statute of Autonomy, the broadcast of the Pope's visit, elections to the Catalan Parliament, elections at Barcelona Football Club, etc.). As every year, the telethon La Marató de TV3 has also been subtitled and like last year the programme featuring the midnight chimes on New Year’s Eve has been broadcast with subtitles.

At present it is possible to watch all kinds of programmes with subtitles: documentaries, comedy, films, in-house and bought series, cultural programmes, sports, children's programmes, cartoons, sports programmes, etc. Examples include La Riera, Infidels, Temps de neu, Polònia, Crackòvia and L’hora del lector. The following news programmes are also broadcast with subtitles: TN migdia, TN vespre, 30 minuts, Espai terra, Esports Club and Info-K. In 2010 the slots Valor afegit and El medi ambient have been added to the list of regular subtitled programmes.

Moreover, since March 2010 subtitles have also been used on TV3alacarta, a service which is proving very popular among the deaf. As for sign language, in 2010 a total of 165 hours has been broadcast in 3/24 and TV3 news bulletins.

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In 2010 there has once again been a significant increase in audio description for blind people, reaching a total of 785 hours compared to the 451 hours in 2009: 376 hours on TV3, 293 hours on Super3 and 116 hours on channel 33 (33 began broadcasting with audio description in March). This accounts for almost 3% of broadcasting time. The new early afternoon TV3 soap La Riera began broadcasting with audio description in early 2010. Also this year Les tres bessones has been broadcast with audio description and the service has also been offered with the drama programme Infidels broadcast once a week.

There have also been audio descriptions for programmes about blind people, such as the documentary Amor cec (Blind Love).

5.8.4. The CCMA’s Language Services

The language services in Catalan Broadcasting Corporation companies provide advisory and correction services on demand for texts that are to be broadcast, shown on TV or posted on websites, and they also monitor broadcasts to identify mistakes and subsequently correct them. In addition they attend the recording of in-house entertainment and fiction programmes. Monitoring and correction of problems detected in proof-reading and when giving advice lead to solutions and agreements that are eventually placed on the language website ésAdir.

The CCMA’s language website (http://esadir.cat), which has been created and is managed by the language services at TV3, Catalunya Ràdio and CCRTVInteractiva, makes it possible for linguists to reach a consensus and to publicise the language criteria which these media outlets have been working with since they were founded together with other content of interest for radio and television language, and to do so by taking advantage of the immediacy and topicality provided by the Internet.

In terms of audiences, ésAdir went up from 1,576,000 page views in 2009 to 1,728,000 in 2010 according to SiteCensus data. This is an average of 4,700 pages viewed per day. The number of unique visitors, a figure which shows more widespread use, went from 150,111 to 194,522 which is an increase of 29% compared with 2009.

At the head of the ésAdir pages which have had most impact in 2010 is language guidance about the latest news and especially the document "Papal Visit," published in October.

5.8.5. Audiences for broadcast media and the presence of Catalan

Radio

To study the presence of spoken Catalan on the radio, the CAC has analysed cumulative audience data obtained by the Communication and Culture Barometer from a survey in Catalonia with a sample of 30,887 people aged 14 and over during the period from January to December 2010.

The CAC concluded from these data that general interest radio mostly in Catalan is the most popular option chosen by audiences with 1,086,000 listeners, while 863,000 people listen to radio stations that broadcast exclusively or mostly in Spanish. In this respect, the most listened to general channels according to the Barometer are Catalunya Ràdio and RAC1. As for music channels, the cumulative audience for Spanish-language stations at 1,879,000 is greater than the one for stations which broadcast mainly in Catalan (always with reference to spoken language) at 1,047,000 people. In the field of news, Catalan is once again the first choice. The most popular news channel by some distance is Catalunya Informació, with 136,000 listeners.

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Cumulative audience listeners/day for radio in Catalonia. 2010 (in thousands of listeners)

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000 1,879

1,500 863

1,000

500 1,086 1,047 122 0 136 General interest Music News

Mostly in Catalan Mostly in Spanish

Source: drawn up by the CAC based on data from the Communication and Culture Barometer (January-December 2010).

Comparing the figures for 2009 and 2010, drawn up in both cases using Barometer data, the CAC notes that the cumulative audience for radio stations that broadcast mainly in Catalan has increased in all three types of stations: the general interest stations go from 963,000 listeners in 2009 to 1,086,000 in 2010, the cumulative audience for music stations that broadcast predominantly in Catalan has grown by 236,000 listeners and has now reached 1,047,000, and the audience for news stations is up from 118,000 in 2009 to 136,000 listeners in 2010.

Cumulative audience listeners/day for radio in Catalan. Comparison 2009 – 2010 (in thousands of listeners)

1,200 1,086 1,047 963 1,000 811 800

600

400

200 118 136

0 General interest Music News

2009 2010

Source: drawn up by the CAC based on data from the Communication and Culture Barometer

Television

In its analysis of the presence of spoken Catalan on television in 2010, the CAC has taken as its starting point the premise that national television channels broadcast primarily in Spanish (although there are exceptions, such as regional opt outs) and that Catalan and local stations broadcast predominantly in Catalan.

The two benchmarks for measuring television audiences are Kantar Media (formerly TN Sofres) and the Communication and Culture Barometer. The difference in the methodology they use to gather

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IV. The actions of the Government information means that the audience percentages vary and consequently the findings regarding the presence of spoken Catalan do as well. Kantar Media’s data comes from people meters and people are counted from the age of four. The Communication and Culture Barometer produces findings based on personal interviews with people aged 14 and over.

According to Kantar Media’s findings, television stations which broadcast mainly in Catalan have a 20.1% share of audiences, a much lower figure than the 75.4% share held by channels that broadcast primarily in Spanish. It should be borne in mind, however, that there are national stations which also broadcast in Catalan in their regional opt outs (La 1 and La 2 at the TVE regional centre in Catalonia) and that some stations which Kantar Media includes in the category of "Themed with a DTT concession" broadcast exclusively in Catalan, such as 3/24, 300, 33/Esports, K3/300, RAC105 and Barça TV. Finally, it should be noted that the "Other" category, which gets a 4.5% share in 2010, includes regional stations such as IB3, Canal 9 and Punt Dos.

Audience share for TV stations in Catalonia by language. 2010

Local 0.4% Other; 4.5% 33; 1.6% Telecinco; 12.7% TV3; 14.8% Antena 3 TV; 10.0% 8TV; 3.3% La 2; 2.6% Cuatro; 6.8%

laSexta; 6.2% La 1; 11.8%

Themed Themed with pay channels; 6.3% DTT concession; 19.0% Mostly in Spanish: 75.4% Mostly in Catalan: 20.1% Other: 4.5%

Source: CAC based on data from Kantar Media

Chapter VI (“Indicators”) contains more tables with audience figures for the different types of broadcast media.

6. Language in the Government’s interdepartmental plans (summary table)

The actions taken by the General Directorate for Language Policy as part of the various interdepartmental plans are set out in the table below:

The Citizenship and Immigration Plan Line 2. Adaptation of public services to a diverse society. Challenge 1. Create a universal reception service By way of continuation of the Viure a Catalunya. Aprenem català des de... (Living in Catalonia. Let’s Learn Catalan based on…) series, in 2010 the books Aprenem català des de l’amazic (Let’s Learn Catalan Based on Tamazight) and Aprenem català des de l’urdú (Let’s Learn Catalan Based on Urdu) have been revised, published and presented. Content for the Catalan-Russian and Catalan-Spanish languages has also been drawn up. Line 3. Integration in a shared public culture. Challenge 2. Make Catalan into the common public

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language Continuation of the 22 language reception plans which has involved running 3,017 beginners’ and basic integration courses in the 2009-2010 school year with a total of 77,617 students enrolled. The launch of the online course Parla.cat which, even though it is not exclusively addressed to immigrants, has been very useful in helping people to learn Catalan. In 2010 30,073 learners enrolled for basic level courses and 6,970 for elementary courses. The General Directorate for Language Policy and the Secretariat for Immigration have continued their partnership for another year in the Vivim Junts. Activitats sobre carrers amb història (We live together: activities about streets and history) posters. This is a new series of nine posters which use dialogues to examine the most important events in the history of Catalonia using the names of the streets as their common theme. They are included in the Vivim Junts supplement which the Secretariat for Immigration includes as an insert once a month in Spanish-language newspapers. In 2010 the newspapers used have been: Latino, Toumai, Revista Mà Osona, Catalina, ARG Express, Sí se puede and 20 minutos. In addition the partnership has been continued between the Secretariat for Immigration and the DGPL with the newspaper El Mirador dels immigrants, addressed to the Pakistani community, under which a page in Catalan and Urdu is inserted every week about the history of Catalonia connected with the neighbourhoods of El Raval, La Ribera, El Born and Poble Nou. In order to strengthen civil society initiatives to promote Catalan for activities related to the Voluntariat per la llengua (VxL) (Language Volunteers) programme which, although it is not a programme geared specifically and exclusively to immigrants, many immigrants both individually and through associations do take part in, support has been given to 13 projects to manage and promote the VxL programme and for carrying out cultural activities that add to the VxL programme A l’estiu, Barcelona t’acull (Barcelona welcomes you in summer) programme. The General Directorate for Language Policy, in partnership with Barcelona City Council and the Barcelona Libraries Consortium, set up this programme to meet the needs of young people aged from 12 to 18 who come to Barcelona as part of family reunification. This activity has been run in July and August and has catered for 131 young people. More information is available in section 1.7.6, “Strengthening non-formal education”, in this chapter.

The Action and Development Plan for Women’s Policies in Catalonia, 2008-2011 Line 1. Mainstreaming women’s policies in public administration The criteria established for the use of non-sexist and non-andocentric language have been observed in the advice and answers to language queries provided through the OPTIMOT application. In 2010 25 enquiries about non-andocentric language have been dealt with personally. On 19 March 2010 the “Visibilitzar o marcar? Repensar el gènere en la llengua catalana” conference on the use of gender in Catalan was held, organised by the Grup d’Estudi de Llengües Amenaçades (GELA – Endangered Languages Study Group). Based on this conference a working group was set up that drew up the "Agreement for the non-sexist use of language". This agreement can be seen on Catalan language website: http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/Llengcat/Documents/Publicacions/Altres/Arxius/acord_us_no_sexista_ll engua.pdf. In 2010, the manual Marcar les diferències: representació de dones i homes a la llengua (Differentiating: the portrayal of men and women in language) has been distributed to courses jointly run by the Public Administration School of Catalonia and the Catalan Institute of Women. Furthermore, as part of training for administrative staff at the Public Administration School of Catalonia, in 2010 three courses have been run on “Guidelines for the use of non-sexist and non-andocentric language”, organised by the EAPC and the Catalan Institute of Women

Strategic Plan for the Use and Management of Time in Daily Life 2008 – 2018

Line 4. Time with added social value. Time to learn and educate, time to take part in collective life. Action: Enhance access to Catalan language courses and hence schedule them bearing in mind the time factor and timetables as well as to build in support strategies using supplementary materials and new technology. The General Directorate for Language Policy, through the Consortium for Language Normalisation, runs Catalan language courses for the public at large with a wide variety of timetables. In 2010, at total of

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587 courses have been run for different levels with special timetables after 10 pm and on Saturdays with a total of 15,068 enrolments. Likewise, the start-up of the Parla.cat virtual learning environment has provided access to Catalan language learning that adapts to the schedule of each learner. For more information see section 1.1 of this chapter.

National Associations and Voluntary Work Plan 2008-2011 The General Directorate for Language Policy has set up and maintains one of the most successful voluntary work programmes, Voluntariat per la llengua, and it is through this programme that it takes part in the Plan. More information is available in section 2 of this chapter.

Integrated Plan for the Gypsy Community 2009 - 2013

Strategic line: Foster the use of Catalan in society with special attention to specific groups.

The General Directorate for Language Policy has put in place three actions to promote and foster knowledge of Catalan among the gypsy community by involving gypsy associations throughout Catalonia. The functioning of this Plan takes shape in joint working groups drawn from the Government of Catalonia and gypsy associations which began operating in late 2009. In July 2010 a session about resources for learning Catalan was held at the Training Conference for School Promoters (professionals from the gypsy community who help to promote the participation of Roma families in education and in access to educational and leisure activities and help to create links between the community and the school and its environment, key elements for improving schooling and combating truancy) organised by the Department of Education.

The RSGENCAT Plan for Government of Catalonia corporate social responsibility measures 2009 – 2010 Line 1. Promote education, understanding and values in corporate social responsibility. In this area, the General Directorate for Language Policy has put in place the measure "Promoting language policy as a key component in corporate social responsibility", which seeks to ensure that the rollout of CSR takes into account language as an important value. As part of the cooperation agreement signed between the Department of Economy and Finance, the Catalan Consumer Agency and a number of business organisations, these institutions have jointly dealt with corporate social responsibility and language policy issues, in the sense of seeing language as a positive value for society, and business best practice as a tool that enables continuous improvement in companies and provides a better understanding of the needs of employees and customers. In 2010 there have been a number of meetings with members of the language area working group in the Business Agreement Board to raise awareness and provide advice. In addition, in July 2010 the Rscat portal was brought into service so as to build an environment in which the main public and private actions and initiatives carried out in Catalonia to promote corporate social responsibility can come together. Line 2. Ensure more socially responsible companies. Drive programmes and tools to support companies in the process of implementing corporate social responsibility. In this area, the General Directorate for Language Policy provides comprehensive advice about the process, tools for analysis, existing resources and indicators. In 2010 a number of sessions have been held to present the Voluntariat per la llengua programme to companies.

Furthermore, in 2010 the Company Care Point has been launched, a support and guidance service for businesses and entrepreneurs providing access to a wide array of resources, ranging from diagnostic tools for finding out the actual language situation of a company to online language tools.

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Finally, a corporate social responsibility and language section has also been opened on the General Directorate for Language Policy’s website: www.gencat.cat/llengua/RSE.

7. External promotion

7.1. Promoting Catalan in Spain: partnership between the Governments of Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia and the Balearic Islands

In March 2007 the Governments of the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia signed a cooperation protocol for language policy issues and the Government of the Balearic Islands formalised its membership of the protocol at a ceremony held at the Monastery of Santa Maria de la Real in Palma on 27 November 2008.

Author: Lorea Bilbao

The signatories are all governments which are strongly committed to the revitalisation and normalisation of the use of their own languages. Based on this firm commitment, which translates into the continuous implementation of positive language policies that foster language normalisation in each country, the three Governments believe that, with full respect for the policies of each Government and their special features, mapping out and developing a permanent framework for cooperation between all three for language issues is both effective and positive. This framework will make it possible to exchange and compare experiences and drive projects and actions to the benefit of greater social equality between languages.

It is stated in the protocol that multilingualism is a reality for half of the people living in Spain, Specifically 40% of live in autonomous communities with an own language other than Spanish. Thus Spain is a multilingual state and as a result it must be unequivocally recognised as such by respecting and driving the use of the different languages.

Under this agreement the governments promote measures for the protection and use of their languages with the administration of the State and the European Union.

As for institutional use, they will seek to have the Spanish Government adopt measures so as to enable the use of official languages other than Spanish in its own institutions, and also to guarantee adequate use of the own languages in publicly-owned media at the national level.

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In the field of education, the four Governments are to work together to ensure the teaching of the history and culture of which regional or minority languages are an expression around Spain in compliance with the commitment entered into by Spain when it ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In this case they seek to ensure that the school curriculums in other parts of Spain in which a regional or minority language is not spoken also include the existence of regional or minority languages in Spain, their history and their traditional (or indigenous) nature. Likewise they also seek to ensure that teaching and learning the official own languages to be found in Spain are promoted in Spanish universities, as is done at numerous universities around the world.

Turning to the international dissemination of the languages and their cultures, the governments cooperate to foster strategies designed to achieve greater international visibility for cultural products and their creators, and they use this international visibility to enhance the prestige of their languages and cultures.

Award for the promotion of the multilingual reality of Spain

As part of the institutional cooperation in the protocol referred to above, the four signatory governments (Catalan, Basque, Galician and Balearic Islands) agreed to award an annual prize to people, organisations or companies that have contributed to recognition of the multilingual reality of Spain by making it part of their professional or business activities and thus helping to spread the languages which are co-official alongside Spanish. The award, which was set up as part of the International Year of Languages, was awarded for the first time in 2009 to Microsoft Ibèrica. In 2010 it has gone to Eroski for using Catalan, Basque and Galician in its business and commercial operations and relationships with its customers. More information is available in section 8.1.2 of this chapter.

7.2. Promoting Catalan language and culture in Catalan-speaking territories

7.2.1. Generalitat Centre in Perpignan

Actions to foster Catalan in North Catalonia carried out by the Generalitat Centre in Perpignan can be found in section 1.4 of chapter II.

7.2.2. Government of Andorra: Ramon Llull Foundation

Ramon Llull Foundation was founded on 31 March 2008 by the Government of Andorra and the Ramon Llull Institute, its founding members. On 15 January 2009, with a change to its byelaws, the General Council of the Eastern Pyrenees became a permanent member while on the same date the city of Alguer and the Ramon Llull Network of Valencian Cities, made up of the town councils of Sueca, Morella, Gandia and Vinaròs, became appointed members, together with the governments of Catalonia, Andorra and the Balearic Islands.

In 2010 the Ramon Llull Foundation has promoted the presence of Catalan as the guest of honour at the Expolangues Fair in Paris. Furthermore, and coinciding with this event, it has helped to draw up the document Catalan, the language of 10 million Europeans. It has also launched the internet TV station Ramon Llull TV. In addition, the Ramon Llull Foundation has decided to take over the Ramon Llull Catalan Literature Award. This means that the Catalan literature award with the highest prize money, which up until now had been run by the Andorran Government, will now be presented by all the governments that make up the foundation.

7.2.3. Generalitat Office in Alguer

On 31 March 2009 the Government of Catalonia and Alguer Town Council signed an agreement to strengthen cooperation between Alguer Town Council and the Government of Catalonia in the promotion and spreading of Catalan culture and the social use of Catalan.

Finally on 13 May 2009, the framework agreement between the Government of Catalonia and the Ramon Llull Institute to manage promotional activities and represent the Government of Catalonia in Alguer was signed.

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Under the terms of these agreements, the Generalitat’s Office in Alguer in the Espai Llull is tasked with cooperating with Alguer Town Council in the following areas:

 Support for disseminating and teaching Catalan in its Alguer variant for various uses and levels.

 Technical and logistical help together with any advice that may be necessary in order to draw up materials required for the previous objective.

 Other issues that are set out in an annual joint action plan with Alguer Town Council under the prevailing cooperation agreement.

Activities carried out in 2010 have included the following:

 Technical management of applications for language and culture funding from the Department of the Vice-Presidency.

 Sending announcements to the local press about Catalan language and culture in Alguer.

 Advice for associations, companies and institutions about language issues.

 Advice for students who are doing research into the Catalan language and/or identity in Alguer.

 Monitoring of the La Costura project, an experimental multilingual learning class (Alguer Catalan, English and Italian) at San Giovanni Bosco del Muntanyès School in Alguer.

 Monitoring of the Projecte Palomba and its teachers of Alguer Catalan.

7.3. Cooperation relations with other governments and public agencies

Attendance at an academic conference in Bogota about progress in the protection of minority languages in Catalonia and Colombia

The National Library of Colombia was the venue on 19 and 20 March for a seminar organised by the Ramon Llull Institute and the Colombian Ministry of Culture about progress in the protection of minority languages in Catalonia and Colombia. The conference featured Colombian and Catalan experts and was also open to students and people interested in the subject.

The opening ceremony was attended by the Director of the Ramon Llull Institute (IRL), the head of the Government of Catalonia’s language policy and sponsor of the new Colombian Languages Act, Jon Landaburu. The keynote speech of the conference was given by the Director of the Department of Linguistic Diversity at the Linguapax UNESCO Centre of Catalonia, Alícia Fuentes Calle.

The Government of Catalonia and the Consulate of the Dominican Republic foster the use and knowledge of Catalan in the Dominican community

The Catalan Government and the Consulate of the Dominican Republic are to promote and publicise the linguistic reality of Catalonia and pathways to Catalan language learning for citizens of the Dominican Republic who are living in Catalonia or are planning to move there, under the terms of an agreement signed in May. More information can be found in section 5.5.2 of this chapter.

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Participation in a National Assembly for Wales committee

As part of the process of drafting the Welsh Language Act, the General Directorate for Language Policy has been working closely with the National Assembly for Wales committee tasked with writing the Act.

7.4. Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity

In June 2008 the General Directorate for Language Policy joined the Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity (NPLD).

The NPLD is a pan-European network spanning constitutional, regional, minority and cross-border languages with the aim of promoting linguistic diversity in the context of a multilingual Europe. Its general goal is to create an environment in which multilingualism, linguistic diversity and language learning are actively promoted for all age groups, bearing in mind that some 50 million citizens of the European Union (10% of its population) speak a constitutional, regional or minority language other than the one that is official for their State.

The NPLD seeks to be the natural interlocutor for European institutions in multilingualism issues and to foster the exchange of best practices, develop new and innovative ideas in the field of language planning, influence European Union decisions and policies concerning language policy and linguistic diversity, and improve language policy in Europe and European policy on multilingualism.

The members of the network are 13 governments with the status of full members and 18 non- governmental organisations (universities, associations for the protection of linguistic minorities, and the Sami Parliament, for example) participating as associate members. There are 18 languages represented in the network: Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, Basque, Catalan, Galician, Occitan, Cornish, Breton, Frisian, Estonian, Finnish in Sweden, Swedish and Karelia in Finland, Lithuanian, Russian and Sami.

The Government of Catalonia is a full member of the Network and is represented by the General Directorate for Language Policy and the House of Languages Consortium. More information about the NPLD can be found at the website www.npld.eu.

8. Prizes and awards

8.1. Catalan language and literature awards and prizes created by the Government of Catalonia

8.1.1. Pompeu Fabra Awards

On 28 October 2008 the Government of Catalonia created the Pompeu Fabra Awards to recognise and reward people, associations, companies and organisations who have helped to promote Catalan in various fields. The Awards are presented in five categories. In 2010 the Robèrt Lafont Award has been added to them (Order VCP/454/2010, dated 10 September) to recognise and reward people or organisations that have given outstanding service in the defence, visibility and promotion of the Occitan language anywhere in its linguistic domain.

On 4 November 2009 the Pompeu Fabra Awards were presented at a ceremony in the Auditorium of the Palau de la Generalitat to the following people and organisations:

 The Pompeu Fabra Communication and New Technology Award to Vilaweb (Partal, Maresma & Associats), for its commitment to the Catalan language and for the role and social value that the language has played in the fifteen years of this key journalistic project for the popularisation of information and communication technology in Catalan-speaking areas.

 The Pompeu Fabra Socioeconomic Sector Award to Moritz, for its recovery of a historic brand rooted in Catalan territory and culture, for the almost exclusive use of Catalan in the labelling of its products and its trade, cultural and linguistic policy rooted in the region.

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 The Pompeu Fabra Catalan Language Visibility and Dissemination Award to Bernat Lesfargas. This award recognises the high profile that his translations into French of the best works of modern and contemporary Catalan literature have given to the Catalan language in Europe and worldwide.

 The Pompeu Fabra Professional, Scientific or Civic Career Award to Albert Jané i Riera, for the value of his work as a grammarian, poet, translator and editor of publications such as Cavall Fort, for his commitment to the country and language in many initiatives, for the educational value of his language manuals that were crucial in learning Catalan for an entire generation and for his career as a member of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

 The Pompeu Fabra Catalan Linguistic Community Membership Award to Cèlia Angulo. This award recognises the ease with which she has actively and enthusiastically joined the Catalan linguistic community after less than three years’ residence in the country.

 Robèrt Lafont Award for the Defence, Visibility and Promotion of the Occitan Language to Peire Bèc. The award has been given in recognition for his work as an Occitan scholar, president for 18 years of the Institut d’Estudis Occitans, and as a specialist in Occitan and Romanist literature and dialectology.

The awards have no prize money but instead winners receive a bust of Pompeu Fabra and a bust of Robèrt Lafont, respectively.

8.1.2. Award for the promotion of the multilingual reality of Spain

The institutions with responsibility for language policy in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia and the Balearic Islands, as part of the cooperation between the four governments in language policy issues, have created the Promotion of the Multilingual Reality of Spain Award to recognise the work done by people, organisations or companies to recognise and promote linguistic diversity in Spain. The award consists of an honorary distinction with no prize money.

On 25 March 2010 the second award was made to the food chain Eroski, which operates in Catalonia as Eroski/Caprabo. The governments of the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia and the Balearic Islands have recognized with this award Eroski’s commercial policy of including the official languages of the State in its business operations.

The award ceremony took place on 30 March 2010 at the Círculo de Bellas Artes in Madrid. The institution of this award is part of the protocol for cooperation in language policy issues that the four governments have signed. More information about this framework for partnership can be found in section 7.1 of this chapter.

8.1.3. National Culture Award for the Social Visibility of the Catalan Language

The Government of Catalonia’s National Culture Awards were instituted by the Government in 1982 and are the continuation of those established by the Generalitat between 1932 and 1938. They are awarded on an annual basis to individuals or organisations that have excelled in their contributions or activities made over the course of the preceding year in each cultural field.

The categories for the awards are architecture and public space, visual arts, broadcasting, film, circus, comics, popular culture, dance, design, literature, music, cultural heritage, scientific thought and culture, social visibility of the Catalan language, theatre and a special lifetime achievement award for a professional and artistic career.

The National Council for Culture and Arts (CoNCA) annually presents the awards following the advice of a jury made up this year of 21 key figures in the world of culture in Catalonia who over recent months have been putting forward, studying and discussing potential candidates.

Even though there is only one category that recognises the visibility of the Catalan language, there are others which indirectly and through the judges’ verdict afford it some recognition.

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The National Culture Award for the Social Visibility of the Catalan Language 2010 has been given to El Punt – Hermes Comunicacions, for being a brilliant and successful business example of a journalistic undertaking in Catalan and for Catalonia based on giving priority to regional and local news. The award recognises the 30 years of El Punt during which it has made a major contribution to language normalisation with a number of regional editions of the newspaper, an effective website and various titles including Presència, El 9 Esportiu, Punt de Festa, and recently the newspaper Avui. All of this has been made possible by the efforts of hundreds of professionals along with the loyalty of thousands of readers.

The awards ceremony took place on 3 July 2010 in the Palau de la Generalitat.

The National Culture Awards come with €18,000 in prize money each.

8.1.4. National Communication Awards

In order to recognise outstanding contributions in the field of communications and telecommunications in Catalonia or in Catalan, the Catalan Government set up the National Communication Awards.

The winners of the 2010 National Communication Awards are as follows:

 National Radio Award: Jordi Basté i Duran

 National Television Award: Josep Cuní i Llaudet

 National Internet Award: Scytl, SA

 National Telecommunications Award: Fractus, SA

 National Press Award: El 9 Nou

 National Advertising Award: Marçal Moliné

 National Community Communication Award: Ràdio Marina

The awards ceremony for the National Communication Awards took place on 14 June 2010 at the Palau de la Generalitat. The Awards come with €15,000 in prize money.

8.1.5. Blanquerna Award

The Blanquerna Award is presented each year by the Government of Catalonia through the Generalitat’s Office in Madrid in order to recognise the work of those people or organisations that have made an outstanding contribution in their field of activity to the development, promotion, knowledge or visibility of Catalonia. The Government of Catalonia created the Blanquerna Award in October 1993.

The 17th Blanquerna Award 2010 has been given to the journalist Iñaki Gabilondo, for his career and his civic-minded approach, his respectful attitude towards Catalonia and his balanced and open vision of relationships between Catalonia and Spain.

The presentation ceremony for the award, which consists of an honorary distinction with no prize money, took place at the Cercle de Belles Arts in Madrid on 18 October 2010.

8.1.6. Creus de Sant Jordi 2010

In 1981, the Government of Catalonia created the Creu de Sant Jordi (St. George’s Cross) in order to distinguish individuals or legal entities that have rendered outstanding services to Catalonia in defence of its identity or in the civic and cultural field.

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The Catalan Government has agreed to award the Creu de Sant Jordi 2010 to 32 individuals and 13 organisations that have given outstanding service to Catalonia in defending its identity or, more generally, in the civic and cultural field.

The presentation ceremony took place at 7 pm on 21 April in the Sant Jordi Room at the Palau de la Generalitat.

The 32 individuals to have received the award in 2010 are the following: Jaume Alsina Calvet, Alberto Aza Arias, Agustí Maria Bassols i Parés, Joan Botam i Casals, Helena Cambó i Mallol, Montserrat Carulla i Font, Teresa Maria Castanyer i Bachs, Josep Maria Codina i Vidal, Joaquim Díaz i Muntané, Isidre Fainé i Casas, Maria Àngels Falquès Avril, Maria Lluïsa Ferrer i Martínez, Josep Fornas i Martínez, Salvador Gabarró i Serra, Tomàs Gil i Membrado, José Antonio González Casanova, Francesc González Ledesma, Jordi Gumí i Cardona, Carlos Jiménez Villarejo, María Dolores Juliano Corregido, Teresa Juvé Acero, Manuel López Lozano, José María de Mena Álvarez, David Moner Codina, Manuel Oltra i Ferrer, Maria Pàrraga Escolà, Manuel Pérez Bonfill, Jordi Porta Ribalta, Joan Rosell Sanuy, Carles Sumarroca Coixet, Maria Tersa Miralles and Joan Vila Grau.

The 13 organisations to be awarded the Creu de Sant Jordi are the following: Associació de Mestres Rosa Sensat (Rosa Sensat Teachers Association), Associació del Via Crucis Vivent (Living Way of the Cross Association), Casa Catalana de Saragossa (Zaragoza Catalan Centre), Casino Unió Comercial, Esbart Català de Dansaires (Traditional Catalan Dance Association), Escola Valenciana – Federació d’Associacions per la Llengua (Valencia School – Federation of Associations for the Language), Federació de Grups Amateurs de Teatre de Catalunya (Federation of Amateur Theatre Groups in Catalonia), Il·lustre Col·legi de Notaris de Catalunya (Association of Notaries of Catalonia), Llotja de Reus (Reus Exchange), Memorial Democràtic dels Treballadors i Treballadores de Seat (Seat Workers’ Democratic Memorial), Orde de la Mercè. Província de Catalunya-Aragó (Order of Mercy. Province of Catalonia and Aragon), Societat Coral La Badalonense (La Badalonense Choral Society) and Unió Catalana d’Hospitals: Associació d’Entitats Sanitàries i Socials (Catalan Hospital Union: Association of Health and Social Organisations).

8.1.7. Gold Medal of the Government of Catalonia

The Gold Medal of the Government of Catalonia was created by a Decree dated 17 May 1978 (DOGC 4, 15/06/1978) to distinguish outstanding service in increasing and spreading the artistic and cultural heritage of Catalonia. It is currently regulated by Decree 315/2004, dated 22 June.

The Institut d’Estudis Catalans has received the Gold Medal of the Government of Catalonia in recognition of its high level research work in areas of Catalan culture for over a century, its ongoing commitment to acting as the authority for the present and the future of the Catalan language and its search for excellence in all the scientific and humanistic areas it deals with through its sections and subsidiary societies.

The ceremony took place on 11 September in the Palau de la Generalitat.

8.1.8. Ramon Llull International Award

Since 2004, the Ramon Llull International Award has been presented jointly by the Congress of Catalan Culture Foundation and the Ramon Llull Institute.

In 2010, Malika Ahmed Zaid has received the 20th Ramon Llull International Award in recognition of her lifelong defence of the language and the rights of the Tamazight peoples in her country, as well as minority cultures throughout Africa and the rest of the world.

The Ramon Llull International Award is worth €10,000.

The awards ceremony took place on 1 October 2010 in the Pi i Sunyer room at the Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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8.1.9. Linguamón-UPF Prize

The House of Languages and Pompeu Fabra University have set up the Linguamón-UPF Prize to incentivise research into languages and language.

The prize is open to all 16-18 year old high school students in Catalonia who have done original research into languages and language diversity in the 2009-2010 school year.

The winning project in 2010 has been Manual de Quenya: introducció a la llengua i a la història dels Èldar fins a la fi de la primera edat (A Quenya Manual: introduction to the language and history of the Eldar in the end of the First Age), by Marc Barceló Tost, a student at Gabriel Ferrater High School in Reus.

The award ceremony took place on 15 May 2010 at the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting at Pompeu Fabra University.

The Linguamón-UPF Prize has no prize money but instead winners receive a notebook computer, a set of books and a diploma.

8.1.10. Volunteer Award

In 2010 the Department of Government in the Government of Catalonia has presented the 18th Volunteer Awards in recognition of projects to promote volunteerism in order to improve voluntary action and its social value.

The Youth Language Pairs programme, presented by the Plataforma per la Llengua - Col·lectiu l’Esbarzer, has won the national Volunteer Award 2010 which comes with €12,000 in prize money. The purpose of the programme is the social inclusion of immigrants through language and social integration activities. The initiative is aimed at the 16 to 30 age range and promotes voluntary work among young Catalans and young immigrants while strengthening social cohesion and the values that enable coexistence and intercultural respect because each participant takes full integration into the community on board. (http://www.plataforma-llengua.cat).

The award ceremony took place on 14 December at the Palau de Pedralbes in Barcelona, as part of the celebration of International Volunteer Day.

8.2. Awards that have been supported by the Government of Catalonia

8.2.1. Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector CCC Award

The CCC Award for the Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector has been presented at the 5th Annual Convention of the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya (Catalan Retail Confederation).

This award was instituted in 2004 by the Confederació de Comerç de Catalunya with the cooperation of the Government of Catalonia in order to recognise the efforts made by organisations, companies and associations in the trade, services and tourism sectors to promote the use of Catalan.

The CCC Award for the Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector in the Establishments Category has gone to Cal Tuta in Artés, a tobacconist’s, photo studio and gift and services shop, for its track record and commitment to Catalan.

In addition, the jury also awarded an honourable mention to the Silver Aparthotel in Barcelona.

The CCC Award for Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector 2010 in the Regional Organisations Category has been given to the Federació de Comerciants Industrials i Artesans de Gràcia (Federation of Industrial and Artisans Traders of Gràcia) for its advisory work for new shops about language regulations, its participation in campaigns to promote the use of Catalan, its policy of communication in Catalan and for publicising the history and traditions of Catalonia and Gràcia.

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The CCC Award for Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector 2009 in the Sector Organisations Category has gone to the Gremi de Llibreters de Catalunya (Booksellers' Association of Catalonia) for its policy of communication in Catalan over the years, its participation in campaigns to publicise language normalisation and especially for the technical and linguistic adaptation of the CEGAL tool to Catalan, for promoting new technologies and presence on Internet, digital books, etc. and for carrying out new initiatives for books in Catalan.

A special award has also been given in 2010 for the implementation of the “Oberts al català” Advisory Plan to Kinoko Cuina Japonesa in Solsona, for its partnership with and involvement in the campaign, its policy of communication in Catalan (signs, advertising, menus), its provision of service to its customers in Catalan, the organisation of activities linking Japanese and Catalan cultures and having its website only in Catalan.

The awards ceremony took place on 12 November 2010.

8.2.2. SME Language Quality Award

Every year the small and medium-sized enterprise employers’ association PIMEC, supported by the DGPL, presents a language quality award as one of its SME Awards.

From when it was created in 1997 until 2008 this award was called the Language Normalisation Award. In 2009 its name was changed to the SME Language Quality Award.

The SME Award for Language Quality in business has been given to Solid Enginyeria SL, for its use of Catalan in its business operations. The company uses Catalan in all internal and external communications ranging from brochures, cards, magazines and catalogues to product packaging and labelling. Solid Enginyeria SL has included Catalan in all the new technologies it uses, promotes training in Catalan and assesses knowledge and use of the language in recruitment processes. Finally, the company also uses Catalan alongside other languages in activities in Europe.

The awards ceremony took place on 7 June 2010 at the Palau Nacional de Montjuïc.

8.2.3. Recognition of Corporate Language Quality Prize (Young Entrepreneur Award)

The Recognition of Corporate Language Quality Prize has become part of the Young Entrepreneur Awards for the first time in addition to the existing categories.

The Recognition of Corporate Language Quality Prize 2010 has gone to Clínica Ocular Visió. The purpose of the prize is to recognise and reward business initiatives that are outstanding for their use of Catalan in business and in all its areas.

The awards ceremony took place on 17 June at the Palau de la Llotja de Mar.

8.2.4. Convit Award

The Convit Award recognises the work done by people who have outstanding track records in working to promote Catalan language and culture.

The Award was set up at the 1st Congress of Language Services in Catalan-speaking Territories, CONVIT, held in Girona.

The award has two categories:

 Award for an outstanding track record in promoting Catalan in society.

 Award for a specific initiative to promote Catalan language and culture.

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IV. The actions of the Government

The period for putting forward entries for the Convit Awards has opened in 2010 and the Awards are to be presented in 2011. The prize in each category of the awards is an original work by a major Girona artist accompanied by a certificate for the award. The Award is presented every two years.

8.2.5. Llanterna Digital Awards

The fourth Llanterna Digital Awards, designed to help foster the use of Catalan and Occitan and to promote the making of short films in these languages, have been held in 2010. They have been organised by the Lleida Language Services Coordinating Committee and sponsored by the General Directorate for Language Policy.

There are three categories in the awards: schools, universities and an open category. Films made by individuals or by groups are eligible and must be original and not have been previously released.

The winning films in 2010 have been:

 Primary and secondary schools category: Cançó a Mahalta (Song to Mahalta) by La Bisbal High School at la Bisbal d’Empordà.

 Members of the university community category: Com dos rius paral·lels (Like Two Parallel Rivers) by Alice Tapiol, Dani Martínez and Ruth Casteys.

 Open category: Sal i pebre (Salt and Pepper) by Dídac Meya (films up to 60 seconds long) and Mal de llengua (Sore Tongue) by Natàlia Lloreta (films up to three minutes long).

 Award decided by popular vote: Ella mai ho faria (She’d Never Do It) by Carles Gené.

The awards are addressed to the Catalan and Occitan language communities worldwide, as Internet is used as the primary means of promotion and communication. In addition, there is a special award decided by a popular vote on the Internet.

Each award comes with €700 in prize money, save in the case of the schools where a digital camcorder or a set of audiovisual products of equivalent value is given to the school together with gifts for each member of the team that made the film.

The Llanterna Digital awards ceremony took place in Lleida on 2 June 2010. The awards can be viewed on the website www.llanternadigital.cat.

The Llanterna Digital Awards 2010 programme included the holding of the 3rd Llanterna Digital Occitan Film Festival, the outcome of the expansion of partnerships with Occitan cultural organisations in different parts of the Occitan linguistic domain. (See the chapter about promotion of the Occitan language.)

8.2.6. Alimara CAT Tourism Award

The Alimara Awards, which in 2010 have been presented for the 26th time, are given in recognition of the efforts made by companies and institutions outside the Catalan linguistic domain to produce and publish tourism promotion material. In 2009 the CAT Tourism Award became part of the ALIMARA awards.

The Centre for Technical Tourism Studies (CETT), the International Tourism Fair of Catalonia (SITC) and the Catalan Government reward the efforts made by exhibitors at International Fairs in Catalonia who come from outside the Catalan linguistic domain to produce tourism promotion material in Catalan.

In 2010, the Alimara CAT Tourism Award has gone to the campaign “Ambiente, Storia, Arte e Cultura”, presented by Medio Campidano province in Sardinia. The award ceremony for the 26th Alimara CAT Tourism 2010 Award took place on Thursday 15 April.

More information is available about the Alimara Awards at http://www.cett.es/premisalimara.

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8.2.7. Award for Excellence in Language Processing in Computer Software and Websites

Every year the Associació d’Empresaris de Noves Tecnologies de Girona (AENTEG – Association of New Technology Companies of Girona), with the support of the DGPL, presents the Award for Excellence in Language Processing in Computer Software and Websites.

This year the Award for Excellence in Language Processing in Computer Software and Websites has gone to the Zyncro project.

The award ceremony took place on 13 December 2010.

8.2.8. Carmen Serrallonga Language Quality Award

The Faculty of Philology at the University of Barcelona rewards students at universities in the Vives Network who observe and assess quality in the use of Catalan in agencies, organisations or businesses and advocate language proficiency in various public, administrative, commercial and economic activities as an example worthy to be followed by others. The jury particularly rates communication policy, that is to say the way the company or organisation not only ensures the formal correction and normal use of Catalan in its messages (advertising, signage, etc.) but also uses Catalan in a socially appropriate and non-discriminatory way.

In the company category, the award went to Caixa Popular-Caixa Rural, Cooperativa Valenciana, for its strong commitment to promoting the use of Catalan as the language of work and customer service, together with its social projects and commitments with cultural associations and organisations involved in the defence of Catalan culture and language. Anna Jorro i Doménech, the Catalan Studies student at the University of Alacant who presented the winning company, was also awarded a secondary prize.

In the student category, the award went to Blanca Aranyó Camprodon, an Audiovisual Communication student at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, for her exhaustive and detalled presentation of her nomination of dairy company Llet Nostra for the award.

The award is organized by the Language Promotion Committee at the Faculty of Philology at the University of Barcelona in partnership with the General Directorate of Language Policy in the Government of Catalonia.

The award ceremony for the 17th Carmen Serrallonga Language Quality Award took place on 22 April 2010 at the University of Barcelona.

8.2.9. Agustí Juandó i Royo Award

In 2004 the Council of the Bar Associations of Catalonia (CICAC) set up the Agustí Juandó i Royo Award in partnership with the General Directorate for Language Policy. Until 2008, the award was part of the project subsidised in the annual funding awards for projects designed to promote the use of Catalan. The award recognises professionals and institutions with an outstanding track record of defending and supporting the use of Catalan in the legal sphere.

The Agustí Juandó Award 2010 has gone to the lawyer Antònia Forrellad i Bracons, who has stood out not only for her constant defence of the Catalan language in her professional activities but also for the work she has done in teaching legal and administrative Catalan in institutions in Lleida.

The award ceremony took place on 15 October 2010 in the Sala de la Canonja at the Seu Vella in Lleida.

8.2.10. ADAC Language and Cultural Normalisation Award

The award is organised by the Ateneu d’Acció Cultural (Cultural Action Centre) in Girona supported by the General Directorate for Language Policy. Until 2008, the award was part of the project subsidised in the annual funding awards for projects designed to promote the use of Catalan.

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IV. The actions of the Government

The purpose of the award is to recognise individuals, organisations, companies and media outlets that have been outstanding in their work to promote Catalan.

The winners of the 24th Awards have been Dolors Bramon i Planes, for her track record in working for Catalan language and culture, especially in studies of relations between Catalonia and the Islamic and Hebrew worlds from the philological and historical point of view, and Comte Guifré High School in Perpignan for offering secondary education in Catalan in North Catalonia.

The award ceremony for the ADAC Language and Cultural Normalisation Award took place on 7 May 2010 at the Girona Auditorium/Conference Centre.

8.2.11. Award for Projects to Extend the Use of Catalan in Tarragona

Tarragona City Council, through its Department of Language Policy, has held the Award for Projects to Extend the Use of Catalan in Tarragona for the second year running. It is open to any person or group that has a project which includes actions to increase the use of the language in the city.

As was the case last year, the originality of the project and its adaptation to the sociolinguistic situation of Tarragona as well as its ability to reach young people, immigrants and people whose usual language is not Catalan were taken into account when choosing the winner.

Passa’t a la rumba en català (Come over to rumba in Catalan) and Jo també sóc català (I’m Catalan too) won the first and second prize respectively in the 2nd Awards for Projects to Extend the Use of Catalan in Tarragona.

The Generalitat of Catalonia, through the General Directorate for Language Policy, was a member of the jury for the Award for Projects to Extend the Use of Catalan in Tarragona.

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V. NEW DATA ABOUT KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF CATALAN

1. Survey of Language Use among the Public at Large 2008. Exploitation

1.1. Knowledge of languages in Catalonia

1.2. Languages in Catalonia

1.3. Intergenerational language transmission

1.4. Language use of the public at large

1.5. Groups by language use

1.6. Language attitudes and representations

2. Survey of public opinion about the broadcast media in Catalonia 2010

V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

V. NEW DATA ABOUT KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF CATALAN

1. Survey of Language Use among the Public at Large 2008. Exploitation

This year has seen the exploitation of the data in the Enquesta d’usos lingüístics a la població 2008 (EULP08 – Survey of Language Use among the Public at Large 2008) by groups of experts coordinated by the Language Policy Secretariat.

The purpose of analysing the EULP08 data is to ask and answer the main questions posed by institutions and society about language planning for adults. The research is a work of applied sociolinguistics conducted by an interdisciplinary work team that integrates various approaches and disciplines (sociology, sociolinguistics and language planning). Given current needs in the field of language planning, the analysis has taken a comprehensive approach to the language situation in Catalonia and its evolution but has also provided a practical guide to language policies and helped towards planning more effective actions. The full research has been divided into two stages:

Volume I, Coneixements, usos, transmissió i actituds linguistics (Language Knowledge, Use, Transmission and Attitudes), describes the overall results for 2008 from a sociolinguistic perspective:  Methodology of the statistical operation  Language knowledge  Languages in Catalonia  Intergenerational language transmission  Languages in interpersonal use and in media and cultural consumption  Groups according to language use  Language attitudes and representations  The measurement of knowledge of languages and language use in official statistics

Volume II, Factors clau dels usos linguistics (Key Factors in Language Use), is a second step in the analysis of the results of the EULP08. It takes a more applied approach and in particular deals with groups and variables that are essential for working on language planning. It also includes an overall comparison of results between 2003 and 2008 in order to gain an initial longitudinal view of language use in Catalonia:  Language and age  Language, occupation and profession  Language and class position  Language and foreign-born  Language and territory  Adult learning of Catalan in Catalonia  Comparative analysis 2003-2008

1.1. Knowledge of languages in Catalonia

Firstly, the vast majority of people living in Catalonia aged 15 and over (95%) say that they understand Catalan. However, this level falls to 67% in the case of understanding it perfectly and to 85% if we add those who understand it perfectly and those who understand it extremely well. Thus more than 15% of people have some difficulty in understanding Catalan. As for the ability of speak it, 78% of Catalans say that they can speak Catalan, but once again in terms of the highest level of knowledge this figure is reduced to 49% who say they can speak it perfectly and 65% that can speak it perfectly or extremely well. Therefore, 34% of the population would have some difficulty in speaking Catalan.

240 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

Figure 1. Knowledge of Catalan 2008 (%) 100% 5.4 3.8 3.3 17.4 18.3 16.1 90% 8.3 21.7 None 32.6 5.0 38.2 80% 6.9 Little 17.5 11.3 70% 10.0 Average 7.1 Good 60% 16.6 16.3 Perfect 13.6 50% No 94.6 Yes 40% 81.7 78.3 17.7 67.1 30% 61.8 49.4 51.0 20% 29.0 10%

0% Understand Understand Speak Speak Read Read Write Write (yes/no) (level) (yes/no) (level) (yes/no) (level) (yes/no) (level)

Remarks: yes/no variables: direct response. Level variable: variable constructed from yes/no and 0-10 scale. (None = 0 – 2, Little = 3 – 4, Average = 5 – 6, Good = 7 – 8, Perfect = 9 – 10).

The most known language in Catalonia is Spanish. 88% of the population (5,400,000 people aged 15 or over) state they have a high level of knowledge of Spanish in all skills areas (understanding, speaking, reading and writing). Hence even though the majority of Catalans say they have knowledge of Catalan in all skills areas (understanding, speaking, reading and writing), this does not come up to the levels of almost total knowledge of Spanish. The percentage of people with a high level in all skills areas is 45% (2,772,000 people aged 15 or over), and a significant 20% can speak and read it but have shortcomings mainly in writing. In addition, stated knowledge of Catalan is reduced by between 10 and 15 points when it comes to understanding, speaking, reading and writing either perfectly or extremely well.

Figure 2. Percentage of people by type of language knowledge 2008 (%)

45.1 High level in all skills areas 87.9

Spoken with no problem, but a low level 20.2 of reading and writing 7.2

Can understand and read it with no problem but 7.0 only speak it a little 1.3 Catalan 11.4 Spanish Low level of Catalan in all skills areas 3.3

Understand and read it with difficulty and do not 6.6 speak or write it 0.1

9.6 Do no understand it or with great difficulty 0.3

01020 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Place of birth and geographical family origin are two of the factors that most determine the level of knowledge of Catalan in all skills areas. This gives rise to the differences that have been found between the Catalan skills of young people, who have greater proficiency, and adults and the elderly, who have less proficiency, since the main causes of these generational differences are place of birth and the length of time spent at school in Catalonia.

241 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

The highest Catalan proficiency in all skills areas is found among the youngest people aged 15 to 24. These young people are the first generation fully educated in Catalan. There is a significant drop in proficiency among people aged 25 to 34 because a significant number of them are people who have come to Catalonia from abroad and have not been to school in Catalonia or only for a minimal part of their educational process.

Figure 3. Percentage of people who have high proficiency in each skills area by age 100 88.1 83.8 85.6 84.5 80 82.1 81.4 77.9 72.0 74.7 70.8 66.4 61.8 60 65.0 61.4 59.7 62.5 53.5 49.5 40 32.2 25.4 20

0 15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 49 50 to 64 65 or over Understand Speak Read Write

High proficiency: they have perfect or extremely good knowledge.

As for knowledge of English and French in Catalonia, one in four people aged 15 or over say they can speak English (26%) and one in six can speak French (17%). These percentages fall with respect to knowledge in all skills areas (22% and 12%).

Figure 4. Knowledge of English and French 2008 (%)

50

40 32.0 30 26.4 27.9 24.1 21.3 20 16.7 16.9 12.7 10

0 Understand (yes/no) Speak (yes /no) Read (yes /no) Write (yes /no)

English French

Apart from Catalan, Spanish, English and French, 11% of people aged 15 or over say that they can speak another language fluently. The great diversity of languages mentioned, over 45, should be noted, among which the most common are Arabic (2%), Italian (2%) and German (1%).

As for Aran, most of the adult population says they understand Aranese (78%) and can also speak (56%) and read (59%) it. Little more than a third of people can write Aranese.

242 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

1.2. Languages in Catalonia

The initial language is the first language a person speaks when a child. Spanish is the initial language for more than half (55%) of people aged 15 or over living in Catalonia, while Catalan is the initial language for a third (32%) of the population. 9% of people have initial languages other than Catalan and Spanish, and finally 4% have both Catalan and Spanish as their initial language.

The identification language is the one a person considers to be their own language. More people (37%) have Catalan as their identification language than as their initial language. By contrast, 46% of people say that their identification language is Spanish. 9% of people say that it is Catalan and Spanish, while 7% of people have an identification language that is other than Catalan or Spanish.

Figure 5. Initial and identification language 2008 (%)

Initial language 31.7 3.8 55.1 9.3

Identification 37.2 8.8 46.5 7.4 language

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Catalan Catalan and Spanish Spanish Other languages or combinations

The survey shows that Catalan has an appreciable capacity to attract with respect to people living in Catalonia who are aged 15 or over. Thus 13% of the adult population has adopted Catalan as their language even though it was not their initial language or first language spoken when they were small. This is a total of almost 800,000 people, which is a significant number.

Figure 6. From initial language to identification language 2008 (%)

Adopt Catalan Maintain Catalan (alone or shared)* Maintain other 29.8% 13.2% languages 6.8%

Adopt Spanish from Catalan (alone or shared) 2.3% Adopt Spanish from other languages (alone or shared) Maintain 2.0% Spanish Maintain Catalan and 43.8% Spanish 1.9% Other situations 0.3%

* Those who adopt Catalan from Spanish (the bulk of cases) and those who adopt it from other languages have been added together as the latter account for a percentage that is not significant for the calculation.

243 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

The usual language is the language people speak most often. 46% of people aged 15 or over say that Spanish is their usual language, while 36% state that it is Catalan. 12% of people choose both languages and 7% mainly speak other languages. Comparison of these percentage figures with those for identification language shows that the number of people who consider themselves to be bilingual in Catalan and Spanish increases in the case of the usual language.

The sociolinguistic situation in Catalonia in the early 21st century is marked by two seemingly contradictory phenomena; on the one hand, the dramatic intensity of the various waves of immigration it has received, especially the two waves in the last century and the one straddling the end of the 20th and the early part of the 21st century, and then on the other the attractiveness that Catalan has had and continues to have which leads it to be adopted by speakers of other initial languages. The evolution of the use of Catalan depends on (and will depend on) the dynamics that occur between these two factors over time.

As for the Val d’Aran, Spanish is the most usual language (38%), followed by Aranese (23%), Catalan (16%) and other languages (13%). 9% of people combine various languages on a habitual basis.

1.3. Intergenerational language transmission

Figure 7. Uses language with grandparents, parents and children. 2008 (%)

100% 9.3 5.9 13.7 90%

80% 42.1 Other languages or 70% combinations 53.3 60% 51.4 Mostly or only Spanish 50% 10.1 Other combinations of Catalan and Spanish 40% 7.4 Mostly or only 30% 9.9 Catalan 20% 41.9 29.9 25.1 10%

0% Use with grandparents Use with parents Use with children

Base for use with grandparents and parents: total. Base for use with children (people with children): 4,384.

Analysis of intergenerational language transmission in Catalonia shows that Catalan is continuing to make appreciable progress and that this progress is still taking place in almost all sectors of society. In addition, it has been found that the intergenerational progress of the language also encompasses the generation of the grandparents of the current respondents.

Thus one aspect of the attractiveness of Catalan can be seen in the language of intergenerational transmission, where there is a positive difference of 12 points between people who speak or spoke Catalan only or mainly with their children and those who speak or spoke Catalan only or mainly with their parents.

The variable that best explains these advances is people’s geographical family origin, that is to say the degree of family rootedness, indigenousness and links with the immigration that has arrived since the middle of the last century. The group to have made most progress in the intergenerational transmission of Catalan is that made up of people born in the Catalan

244 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

language area who are the children of people born outside it. About half of the children of people who arrived in the major immigration from Spain in the third quarter of the 20th century speak Catalan with their children as a priority and a little more than 60% speak only Catalan or Spanish and Catalan combined. This is a crucial datum for understanding the recent history of the language.

Figure 8. Use of Catalan with parents and use of Catalan with children by family origin. 2008 (%) 100.0 89.6 90.0 84.1 80.0 70.0 64.1 60.0 50.0 40.0 32.9 30.0 25.8 20.0 12.0 6.5 10.0 0.9 0.0 Subject and both Subject and one Subject born Subject born elsewhere in Subject born parents born parent born in Catalan-speaking Spain abroad in Catalan-speaking in Catalan-speaking territories* and parents territories* territories * outside Catalan with parents. Total base Catalan with children. Base (has children): 4,384. Values not appearing in the graph are not significant for the calculation *Catalan-speaking territories: Catalonia, Region of Valencia, Balearic Islands and Andorra.

People who speak Catalan as a priority with their parents almost always continue to speak Catalan with their children. People who adopt Catalan in intergenerational transmission are mostly individuals who speak Spanish as a priority with their parents, while the much less numerous ones who adopt Spanish are mostly people who speak languages other than Catalan and Spanish with their parents.

The total number of people with children who adopt Catalan in intergenerational transmission is slightly higher than 500,000, which is a considerable figure. They are mainly people born in the Catalan language area to people born outside it, proportionally younger and better educated than the average, mostly with Catalan as their identification and usual language, who tend to choose Catalan in their social lives.

Figure 9. Behaviour in intergenerational language transmission. 2008 (%)

Maintain other Adopt Catalan and Spanish languages or Adopt 8.5% combinations Catalan 13.6% 5.7% Other cases 4.5%

Maintain Maintain Catalan 28.5% Spanish 39.3%

245 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

Given the significant minority language pressure which continues to affect Catalan, progress in intergenerational transmission is one of the major positive factors that may help maintain its social presence.

1.4. Language use of the public at large

In general terms basically two languages are used in Catalonia: Catalan, with a 43% average usage, and Spanish, with an average of 53%. Other languages are much less used and stand at 4% on average. In other words, roughly one third of the population only or mostly uses Catalan, almost 40% only or mostly Spanish, 20-25% use two or more languages (fundamentally Spanish and Catalan) and 3% say they only or mostly use languages other than Spanish or Catalan.

Figure 10. Global use of Catalan, Spanish and other languages 2008 (%)

100%

90% 80% 37.2 46.6 Little or none (0-33 %) 70% Approximately 60% the same between 23.3 93.8 one and another 50% (34-66 %) 20.2 40% Only or especially 30% (67-100 %)

20% 39.5 33.2 10% 3.4 0% 2.8 Catalan Spanish Others

The main factor in explaining the language choices of people living in Catalonia is their place of birth. Catalan is the main language of use for the vast majority of indigenous people while Spanish and/or another language is the main language of communication for the great majority of people born outside Catalan-speaking territories.

Figure 11. Global use of Catalan by family origin 2008 (%)

100.0 9.0 90.0 26.1 80.0 18.4 Little or none (0-33 %) 52.7 70.0

74.3 Approximately 60.0 31.9 86.8 the same between 50.0 oneo and another (34-66 %) 40.0 72.6 30.0 31.7 Only or especially (67-100 %) 41.9 20.0 16.0 10.0 15.6 9.7 9.6 0.0 3.4 Subject and Subject and one Subject born in Subject born Subject born abroad parents born parent born Catalan-speaking elsewhere in Spain in Catalan-speaking in Catalan-speaking territories and territories territories (but not parents born both) outside Catalan-speaking territories (both)

246 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

The dichotomy based on personal and family origin and initial language cuts across the whole of Catalan society and structures it linguistically from top to bottom. Thus the regional distribution of language use reflects the history of immigration in the last century, with the predominant presence of Spanish in the areas where the bulk of the successive waves of immigrants from Spain settled (especially in the Barcelona metropolitan area and the Camp de Tarragona) and a significant presence of other languages in the regions with a higher percentage presence of new immigrants.

Catalan and Spanish are not distributed in a functional way, in other words Catalonia is not a diglossic society. Not only do most people have knowledge of both languages, but also in Catalan society the use of languages is not determined in the first instance by the area of use or social field but rather by each person’s family origin and home language. The field or type of communication may have some impact on the origin but does not determine it. However, there are important differences between interpersonal use and use in media consumption.

The use of Catalan increases in the youngest generation (aged 15-24), mainly due to the smaller number of people in this age group whose initial language is Spanish. Family origin also to a great extent explains the use of languages as a function of socio-educational level, with an over-representation of the use of Spanish and other languages in the socio-educational strata essentially fed by people born outside the Catalan-speaking territories.

Figure 12. Groups of speakers by their interpersonal language in different areas. 2008 (%)

Current fellow students 49.8 19.3 27.7 3.2

Banks 45.6 11.0 43.3 0.1

Doctor 41.8 11.7 46.4 0.2 Shops and small businesses 40.0 15.1 44.1 0.8 Household 35.3 8.3 48.8 7.7

Large retail outlets 34.3 15.7 49.8 0.2

Friends 33.6 16.9 43.9 5.6

Co-workers 33.0 19.3 44.9 2.8

Neighbours 32.6 16.7 49.7 1.0

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Only or especially Catalan Catalan and Spanish equal Only or especially Spanish Other languages or combinations

Base for fellow students: currently studying (1,128). Base for banks: go to banks (7,034). Base for doctors: goes to doctor (7,099). Base for shops: goes to shops and small businesses (7,083). In the current household: lives in a household with two or more members (6,573). Base for large retail outlets: goes to large retail outlets (7,033). Base for friends: has friends (7,113). Base for co-workers: currently employed (4,439). Base for neighbours: has neighbours (7,056).

Even though people who have Catalan as their initial language tend to maintain it in the various fields of use, there are those who very often change into Spanish in certain situations. This happens in all areas involving people who do not speak Catalan because the rules of language etiquette encourage them to change to Spanish. By contrast, maintenance of Catalan is more common in environments where language availability is guaranteed, that is to say in which everyone can use the language they prefer. This is the case in particular with banks. This confirms that where there is a feeling of security that Catalan can be used it is indeed more used, even by groups for whom it is not their initial language.

247 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

The position in terms of media consumption in Catalan is unsatisfactory. This is because even though Catalan retains a considerable presence as the language of consumption among its initial speakers, there is a gradual trend towards media in Spanish which is especially acute among the younger generations. This trend is not offset by the consumption of media in Catalan by young people whose initial language is Spanish.

Figure 13. Average hours of consumption in each language of television, radio and press. 2008 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 9 8 7 5.2 5.7 6.5 6 5 4 3 4.7 2 4.1 3.4 1 0 TV Radio Press Catalan Spanish Others

Base for TV: watches TV (6,926). Base for radio: listens to the radio (5,239). Base for press: reads the press (5.841).

Finally, the only languages with a functional distribution are the other languages. These languages clearly have an intra-ethnic function and do not have a lingua franca function in any of the cases analysed.

1.5. Groups by language use

The division of people living in Catalonia into language use groups makes it possible to establish five sociolinguistic groups which summarise the language behaviour profiles of the population of Catalonia.

Firstly there are speakers with predominantly Catalan language use (22%), or Catalan speakers who prefer to use their own language even though they do use some of the others they speak, in particular Spanish and especially in media consumption. This is the fastest growing group in the latest generation to have been studied and is the largest group among young people aged between 15 and 24 who have been born in Catalonia. The second group is habitual Catalan speakers (21%) or Catalan speakers who use Catalan regularly but make highly significant use of Spanish. The third is alternate speakers of Catalan and Spanish (14%), composed mainly of people whose initial language is Spanish and have adopted Catalan and by people who are bilingual and a small group of Catalan speakers. The fourth is speakers with predominantly Spanish language use (35%), in other words Spanish speakers encompassing both the immigrants from the 1950s to the 1970s who have not learnt Catalan and some of their children living in an almost monolingual Spanish environment together with most new immigrants from Latin America. They make hardly any active use of Catalan in their interpersonal relationships.

Finally, the last group is speakers of foreign languages (8%), consisting of newcomers from the most recent wave of immigrants that combine the use of their native language and Spanish, with limited use and knowledge of Catalan.

248 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

Figure 14. The five language use groups 2008 (%)

Speakers with predominantly Spanish language use Foreign language speakers 35.3% 8.2%

Speakers with predominantly Catalan language Alternate speakers use of Catalan and Habitual 21.4% Spanish Catalan 14.3% speakers 20.8%

1.6. Language attitudes and representations

Around 80% of the people of Catalonia who can speak Catalan and Spanish say that they change language to adapt to the person they are talking to in a bilingual conversation in both Catalan and Spanish. This shows that in Catalonia there are not two separate language communities who keep using their language when interacting with the other language group, but instead there is constant interaction between Catalan and Spanish.

The vast majority of the people of Catalonia adapt to the language of the person they are talking to and hence the language in which a conversation begins determines how it continues. It should also be noted that a quarter of people who consider their language to be Catalan continue to speak Catalan when the person they are talking to responds in Spanish.

Figure 16. Attitude of people who begin speaking in Spanish and are answered in Catalan 2008 (%) Figure 15. Attitude of people who begin speaking in Catalan and are answered in Spanish 2008 (%)

Never begin speaking to Continues anyone in speaking in Catalan 6.5 Catalan or Never begin speaking to anyone in Spanish asks if they 6.9 Continues speaking in Spanish can speak in or asks if they can speak in Spanish or breaks off the Catalan or conversation 11.7 breaks off the

Continues the Continues the conversation in conversatio… Catalan conversation 81.4 in Spanish 79.1

Base: people who are proficient at speaking Catalan (5,589)

Most people (75%) believe that the way people talk in the Balearic Islands, the Region of Valencia, Andorra and Catalonia are different ways of speaking the same language. It has also been found that more than half of the population (59%) did not know that the Occitan language, known as Aranese in Aran, is an official language in Catalonia.

The people of Catalonia have a positive view of the current situation of Catalan. Between 51% of people living in the city of Barcelona and 89% of people in the Terres de l'Ebre think that Catalan is used extensively or quite a lot. As for the language groups, the group with the highest proportion of people who think that the use of Catalan has decreased in recent years and believe that it will decrease further in the coming years is people whose identification language is Catalan.

249 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

Figure 17. "Catalan is currently used…?.” by geographical areas 2008 (%) 100% 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.9 3.3 7.9 3,5 2.4 3 90% 5.8 12.6 14.8 14.7 18.9 19.8 15.9 17.7 15.6 80% Don’t know 20.4 20.8 18.2 70% 23.8 28.2 23.6 23.7 23.8 60% Little or not at all 50% 89.2 Average 40% 64.6 65.1 30% 57 62.9 50.7 53.7 52.8 55.5 Extensively 20% or quite a lot

10%

0% Barcelona Rest of Girona Camp de Terres de Western Central Alt Pirineu Catalonia city metropolitan province Tarragona l'Ebre Catalonia Catalonia and Aran area

2. Survey of public opinion about the broadcast media in Catalonia 2010

Every year the Catalan Audiovisual Council commissions a public opinion survey about the broadcast media in Catalonia. The main purpose of this survey is to find out what the public’s attitudes and behaviour patterns with respect to the media are.

This study has been drawn up based on personal interviews with a sample of 2,000 people living in Catalonia aged 18 or over. It is, therefore, a study that seeks to reveal opinions rather than just measure audience figures.

The questions put to the interviewees included rating the presence of Catalan in the broadcast media and their consumption of radio and television based on a number of parameters, one of which is the habitual language of use of the interviewees.

According to the findings of this survey, in 2010 TV3 was the favourite channel for most respondents (31.7%) followed some way behind by Telecinco (14.4%), La 1 (13.2%) and Antena 3 TV (10.7%). However, TV3’s preference percentage figure has fallen compared to last year from 39.5% in 2009 to 31.7% in 2010. TV3 is preferred by 69.4% of respondents who regularly use Catalan and by 31.8% of those who use Catalan and Spanish interchangeably.

Preference percentages for TV stations

Source: CAC. Survey of public opinion about the broadcast media in Catalonia 2010

250 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

By age segments, young people opt for Antena 3 TV, laSexta and Cuatro while as age increases interviewees tend to prefer TV3 and La 1.

Place of birth is also a differentiating factor in television station preferences. People born in Catalonia prefer TV3 while those born elsewhere in Spain prefer Telecinco and La 1. For those born abroad the preferred channels are La 1 and Antena 3 TV and satellite television channels.

As for the usual language, TV3 is preferred by 69.4% of respondents who regularly use Catalan and by 31.8% of respondents who use Catalan and Spanish interchangeably. By contrast, those whose usual language is Spanish chose national channels La 1, Telecinco and Antena 3 TV.

As for radio stations, Catalunya Ràdio is the favourite among listeners surveyed (15.0%) followed by RAC1 (10.8%), Cadena SER (9.4%) and Los 40 Principales (9.0 %). The interviewees who usually use Catalan opt for Catalunya Ràdio (32.2%) and RAC1 (21.5%). The preference percentage figures are practically identical in 2009 and 2010.

Preference percentages for radio stations

Source: CAC. Survey of public opinion about the broadcast media in Catalonia 2010

Both people born in Catalonia and those who routinely use Catalan prefer Catalunya Ràdio and RAC1. By contrast, those born elsewhere in Spain and those who normally speak Spanish prefer Cadena SER, Radio Tele-Taxi, Cadena Dial and Onda Cero.

One of the issues raised by the survey when assessing the quality of radio and television is the presence of Catalan.

In 2010, 20.5% of respondents think that the presence of Catalan on TV is insufficient (see the figure), while this percentage is only 8.3% with regard to radio (see the figure). This perception has not undergone major changes between 2009 and 2010. When analysing the percentage difference between the assessment of the presence of Catalan on television and on radio it should be noted that the number of people interviewed who say that they do not regularly listen to the radio is greater than that for people who say they do not watch television.

251 V. New data about knowledge and use of Catalan

Presence of Catalan on television

80 73.1 72.28 70

60

50

2009 40 2010

30

20.3 20.52 20

10 3.9 4.28 2.1 2.3 0.6 0.62 0 Excessive Appropriate Insufficient Doesn’t watch TV DK/DA

Source: CAC. Survey of public opinion about the broadcast media in Catalonia 2010

Presence of Catalan on radio

60 55.4 56.32

50

40

29.69 2009 30 28.4 2010

20

10.6 10 8.27

2.8 2.97 2.9 2.76

0 Excessive Appropriate Insufficient Doesn’t listen to the radio DK/DA

Source: CAC. Survey of public opinion about the broadcast media in Catalonia 2010

252 VI. Indicators

VI. INDICATORS

I. ACCREDITING KNOWLEDGE 1.1. Catalan language certificates 1.2. Sworn translation and interpreting

II. LEARNING CATALAN 2.2. Catalan courses for adults run abroad 2.3. Catalan courses for adults run by the Government of Catalonia’s Office in Madrid 2.4. Catalan courses run by the Public Administration School of Catalonia 2.5. Online learning. Parla.cat 2.6. Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme

III. CITIZEN SERVICES 3.1. Language Guarantees Office 3.2. Catalan Consumer Agency 3.3. Promoting the use of Catalan 3.3.1. “Encomana el català” campaign 3.3.2. Funding to promote the use of Catalan. 2010

IV. TOOLS AND RESOURCES 4.1. Language queries. OPTIMOT 4.2. Online machine translation

V. EDUCATION 5.1. Compulsory education 5.2. Reception classrooms 5.3. Community education plans 5.4. Education Reception Areas (EBE)

VI. CULTURE 6.1. Cinema 6.2. Theatre 6.3. Books

VII. THE MEDIA 7.1. Press and periodical publications 7.2. Radio 7.3. Television 7.4. Catalan Dubbing Service of films for broadcasting on TV

VIII. JUSTICE 8.1. Catalan courses 8.2. Catalan accreditation

IX. EMPLOYMENT 9.1. Collective bargaining agreements 9.2. Cooperatives 9.3. Legal documents

253 VI. Indicators

1. ACCREDITING KNOWLEDGE

1.1. Catalan language certificates

Table 1.1.1. Catalan language certificates

General Ramon Consortium Official Legal Directorate for Level/Organisation Llull for Language language Studies Total Language Institute Normalisation schools Centre Policy Basic 165 391 7,265 7,821

Elementary 293 229 2,639 3,161 Intermediate 1,202 134 5,752 196 7,284 Proficiency 1,686 100 5,938 7,724 Advanced 734 15 1,225 433 2,407 Legal Total 4,080 86922,819 629 28,397

Table 1.1.2. Change in annual enrolments for General Directorate for Language Policy Catalan certificates. 2009 and 2010

Enrolments Difference Difference % Certificates Enrolments 2009 2010 absolute figures 2010 / 2009

Basic level 456 335 -121 -26.54% Elementary level 386 573 187 48.45% Intermediate level 2,073 2,059 -14 -0.67% Proficiency level 6,134 5,837 -297 -4.84% Advanced level 3,113 3,621 508 16.32% Total 12,162 12,425 263 2.16%

254 VI. Indicators

Figure 1.1.1. Enrolments for General Directorate for Language Policy certificates, by levels. 2010

3% 5%

29% 17%

Basic level Elementary level Intermediate level Proficiency level Advanced level

46%

Table 1.1.3. People passing General Directorate for Language Policy certificates, by levels. 2010

% Enrolled / % Passes / Certificate Enrolled 2010 Taken 2010 Passes 2010 taken taken Basic 335 222 66.27 165 74.32% Elementary 573 393 68.59 293 74.55% Intermediate 2,059 1,477 71.73 1,202 81.38% Proficiency 5,837 4,014 68.77 1,686 42.00% Advanced 3,621 2,253 62.22 734 32.58% Total 12,425 8,359 67.28 4,080 48.81%

Table 1.1.4. Change in the number of enrolments for General Directorate for Language Policy certificate examinations. 2002-2010

Year Enrolments Difference Difference % 2002 11,697 2003 9,759 -1,938 -16.56% 2004 10,400 641 6.57% 2005 10,388 -12 -0.12% 2006 7,347 -3,041 -29.27% 2007 9,346 1,999 27.21% 2008 10,507 1,161 12.42% 2009 12,162 1,655 15.75% 2010 12,425 263 2.16% Total 94,031

255 VI. Indicators

Figure 1.1.2. Change in the number of enrolments for General Directorate for Language Policy certificate examinations. 2002-2010

14,000

12,425 12,000 11,697 12,162

10,388 10,507 10,000 10,400 9,759 9,346

8,000 7,347 Enrolments 6,000

4,000

2,000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Table 1.1.5. Change in the number of certificates awarded by the General Directorate for Language Policy, by levels. 2002-2010

% enrolled certificates/ Total total Certificate 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 enrolled enrolled Basic 240 288 272 251 188 195 278 456 335 2,503 2.66% Elementary 248 246 326 334 268 285 324 386 573 2,990 3.18% Intermediate 3,348 2,404 2,338 2,227 1,529 1,726 1,765 2,073 2,059 19,469 20.70% Proficiency 5,837 4,988 5,461 5,475 3,838 5,039 5,090 6,134 5,837 47,699 50.73% Advanced 2,024 1,833 2,003 2,101 1,524 2,101 3,050 3,113 3,621 21,370 22.73% Total 11,697 9,759 10,400 10,388 7,347 9,346 10,507 12,162 12,425 94,031

256 VI. Indicators

Figure 1.1.3. Change in the number of certificates awarded by the General Directorate for Language Policy, by levels. 2002-2010

7,000

6,134 6,000 5,837 5,837 5,461 5,475 5,090 5,000 4,988 5,039

4,000 3,838 3,621 3,348 Basic 3,000 3,050 3,113 Elementary 2,404 Intermediate 2,338 2,227 2,101 2,073 2,000 2,024 2,003 2,101 2,059 Proficiency 1,833 1,726 1,765 1,529 Advanced 1,524 1,000 573 456 326 334 335 240 288246 272 251 188268 195285 278 386 0 324 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Table 1.1.6. People enrolled, taking and passing examinations for General Directorate for Language Policy Catalan certificates by levels. 2009-2010

% Enrolled / % Passes / Certificate Enrolled Taken Passes taken taken Basic 2,503 1,679 67.08% 1,238 73.73% Elementary 2,990 2,056 68.76% 1,482 72.08% Intermediate 19,469 13,662 70.17% 9,850 72.10% Proficiency 47,699 32,020 67.13% 13,379 41.78% Advanced 21,370 12,243 57.29% 4,081 33.33% Total 94,031 61,660 65.57% 30,030 48.70%

257 VI. Indicators

Figure 1.1.4. Comparison of people taking and passing General Directorate for Language Policy Catalan certificate examinations, by levels. Academic year 2009-2010.

35,000 32,020

30,000

25,000

20,000 Taken Passes 15,000 13,662 13,379 12,243

9,850 10,000

5,000 4,081 2,056 1,679 1,238 1,482 0 Basic Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Advanced

Table 1.1.7. Comparison of people taking and passing Ramon Llull Institute Catalan certificate examinations, by levels. Academic year 2009-2010

Certificate Candidates Passes % passes / taken

Basic 462 391 85% Elementary 256 229 89% Intermediate 148 134 91% Proficiency 200 100 50% Advanced 36 15 42% Total 1,102 869 78.86%

258 VI. Indicators

Figure 1.1.5. Percentage distribution of people passing Ramon Llull Institute Catalan certificate examinations, by levels. Academic year 2009-2010

2% 12%

Basic 15% 45% Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Advanced

26%

Table 1.1.8. Places outside Catalonia where Ramon Llull Institute Catalan certificate examinations have been held. Academic year 2009-2010

Country Town/City

Berlin Bochum Frankfurt am Main Germany Hamburg Heidelberg Münster Tübingen Buenos Aires La Plata Mendoza Argentina Paraná Rosario Santa Fe Belgium Brussels Brazil São Paulo Canada Montreal Croatia Zadar Cuba Havana Ecuador Quito Spain Granada Madrid Oviedo Salamanca San Sebastián Zaragoza Seville Santiago de Compostela

259 VI. Indicators

Vitoria Gainesville United States New York Washington DC Estonia Tartu Lyon Lorient France Paris Rennes Toulouse Budapest Hungary Szeged India New Delhi Iran Teheran Israel Jerusalem Naples Pisa Italy Rome Sassari Trento Japan Osaka Luxemburg Luxemburg Morocco Tangier Mexico Mexico DF The Netherlands Amsterdam Paraguay Asunción Krakow Poland Poznan Birmingham Cambridge Canterbury Exeter Glasgow Lancaster United Kingdom Leeds Liverpool London Manchester Oxford Swansea

Czech Republic Brno

Romania Bucharest Moscow Russia Saint Petersburg Serbia Belgrade Freiburg Switzerland Zurich Uruguay Montevideo Chile Santiago de Chile

260 VI. Indicators

Table 1.1.9. Change in approved CPNL Catalan certificates, by levels. 2005-2010

Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Basic 3,440 3,798 4,227 5,805 7,265 Elementary 1,474 1,809 1,907 2,424 2,639 Intermediate 3,259 3,372 3,158 5,186 5,752 Proficiency 3,251 3,796 3,153 5,774 5,938 Advanced 546 640 1,142 1,345 1,225 Total 11,970 13,415 13,587 20,534 22,819

Figure 1.1.6. Change in approved Catalan certificates, by levels. 2005-2010

8,000 7,265 Basic level 7,000

5,805 6,000 5,938 5,774 5,752 Elementary 5,186 level 5,000 Intermediate 3,796 4,227 4,000 level 3,440 3798 3,259 3158 3,000 3,372 3,153 Proficiency 3,251 2,639 2,424 level 2,000 1,809 1,907 Advanced 1,474 1,345 1,225 level 1,000 1,142 546 640 0 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

1.2. Sworn translation and interpreting

Table 1.2.1. Applications, number of exams taken and number of exams passed in translation

Type Translation Applications Applications accepted for the Language accepted for the Exams taken Exams passed examination specific exams session German 10 5 4 2 Spanish 55 32 30 22 French 20 13 12 4 Total 85 50 46 28

261 VI. Indicators

Table 1.2.2. Applications, number of exams taken and number of exams passed in interpreting

Type Interpreting Applications Applications accepted for the Language accepted for the Exams taken Exams passed examination specific exams session German 3 2 1 0 Spanish 21 14 13 8 French 9 5 5 4 Total 33 21 19 12

2. LEARNING CATALAN

Table 2.1.1. Change in enrolments for Catalan courses for adults run by the CPNL, grouped by levels. 2005-2010 Percentage change Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2008-2010 Beginners' and basic 43,439 53,618 68,243 79,061 78,776 -0.40% Elementary 6,629 7,148 7,620 8,303 9,700 16.80% Intermediate 13,908 14,602 16,110 17,628 17,869 1.40% Proficiency 11,674 12,922 14,953 16,774 17,825 6.30% Other 2,337 2,852 4,409 4,664 3,637 -22.00% Total 77,987 91,142 111,335 126,430 127,807 1.10%

262 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.1.1. Distribution of enrolments for Catalan courses, by percentages. Academic year 2009-2010

1% 2% 14%

Beginners’ & basic Elementary 14% Intermediate Proficiency Advanced 61% Other 8%

Figure 2.1.2. Change in the number of enrolments for Catalan courses run by the Consortium for Language Normalisation. 2005-2010

140,000 126,430 127,807

120,000 111,335

100,000 91,142

77,987 80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Table 2.1.2. Change in enrolments for CPNL courses, by type. 2008-2010

2008-2009 2009-2010 Percentage change

F2F and blended learning 114,900 117,608 2.40% Distance-learning 10,004 9,174 -8.30% Other 1,526 1,025 -32.80% Total 126,430 127,807 1.10%

263 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.1.3. Distribution of types of enrolments for CPNL courses, by percentages. 2009- 2010

7% 1%

F2F and blended learning Distance- learning Other

92%

Table 2.1.3. Enrolments for CPNL courses, by sex. Academic year 2009-2010

Men Women No data Total Enrolments 40,048 75,281 12,478 127,807 Percentage 31.33% 58.90% 9.76% 100%

Figure 2.1.4. Distribution by gender of enrolments for CPNL courses, by percentages. Academic year 2009-2010

10%

31%

Men Women No data

59%

264 VI. Indicators

Table 2.1.4. Enrolments for CPNL Catalan courses, grouped by level and type. 2008-2010

Level Type 2008-2009 2009-2010 Percentage change Beginners' and F2F and blended learning 77,543 77,617 0.10% basic Distance-learning 863 655 -24.10% Other 655 504 -23.10% Total 79,061 78,776 -0.40% Elementary F2F and blended learning 8,041 9,457 17.60% Distance-learning 227 223 -1.80% Other 35 20 -42.90% Total 8,303 9,700 16.80% Intermediate F2F and blended learning 13,650 14,474 6.00% Distance-learning 3,715 3,218 -13.40% Other 263 177 -32.70% Total 17,628 17,869 1.40% Proficiency F2F and blended learning 11,538 12,726 10.30% Distance-learning 5,039 4,936 -2.00% Other 197 163 -17.30% Total 16,774 17,825 6.30% Higher F2F and blended learning 2,495 2,240 -10.20% Distance-learning 160 125 -21.90% Other 46 59 28.30% Total 2,701 2,424 -10.30% Other F2F and blended learning 1,633 1,094 -33.00% Distance-learning - 17 - Other 330 102 -69.10% Total 1,963 1,213 -38.20%

TOTAL 126,430 127,807 1.10%

Table 2.1.5. Change in CPNL F2F and blended learning Catalan courses. 2005-2010

Level 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Beginners' and basic 1,874 2,298 2,865 3,082 3,017 Elementary 350 397 416 416 446 Intermediate 500 519 588 602 612 Proficiency 392 443 493 531 556 Higher and other 115 166 220 212 175 Total 3,231 3,823 4,582 4,843 4,806

265 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.1.5. Number of CPNL Catalan courses, by level. Academic year 2009-2010

3,500 3,017 3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000 612 556 446 500 175

0 Beginners’ and Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Higher basic and other

Table 2.1.6. Change in enrolments for CPNL F2F and blended learning Catalan courses. 2006-2010

Level 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Beginners' and basic 52,327 66,985 77,543 77,617 Elementary 6,860 7,377 8,041 9,457 Intermediate 10,964 12,285 13,650 14,474 Proficiency 8,646 9,993 11,538 12,726 Higher and other 2,547 3,801 4,128 3,334 Total 81,344 100,441 114,900 117,608

266 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.1.6. Number of enrolments for CPNL Catalan courses. Academic year 2009-2010

90,000

80,000 77,617

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000 14,474 12,726 9,457 10,000 3,334 0 Beginners' and Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Higher basic and other

Table 2.1.7. Origin of enrolled learners by percentages. Academic year 2009-2010

Country of origin Percentage Catalonia 21%

Rest of Spain 13%

Foreign 64%

Table 2.1.8. Enrolments for CPNL Catalan courses, by origin. 2008-2010

2008-2009 2009-2010 Catalonia 25,786 25,579 Rest of Spain 18,665 18,564 European Union 8,410 8,497 Non-EU Europe 2,461 2,694 USA and Canada 347 313 South and Central America, Mexico and 40,486 42,375 Caribbean North Africa 10,821 9,912 Rest of Africa 7,503 7,321 Asia 5,350 5,411 Oceania 67 38 DK/DA 6,534 7,103 Total 126,430 127,807

267 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.1.7. Percentage of enrolments for CPNL Catalan courses, by country of origin. Academic year 2009-2010

Catalonia 0% 6% 4% Rest of Spain 20% 6% European Union

Non-EU Europe

8% USA and Canada

South and Central America, Mexico and Caribbean North Africa

15% Rest of Africa

Asia

Oceania

DK/DA 7% 32% 2%

0%

Table 2.1.9. Origin of enrolled students for beginners’ and basic levels. Academic year 2009-2010

Country of origin Percentage

European Union 9.20% Non-EU Europe 3.10% USA and Canada 0.30%

Central America, Mexico and Caribbean 8.80% South America 46.30% North Africa 13.80% Rest of Africa 10.60% Asia 7.80% Oceania 0.04%

Table 2.1.10. Enrolment by specific national groups from 2006 to 2010

Country 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Morocco 5,684 9,480 10,156 9,299 Pakistan 469 1,099 1,562 1,475 Romania 1,627 1,838 1,619 1,820 China 504 1,160 1,228 1,096 Total 8,284 13,577 14,565 13,690

268 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.1.8. Change in enrolments for courses by specific national groups from 2006 to 2010

100% 504 1,160 1,228 1,096 90% 1,627 1,838 1,619 1,820 80% 1,099 1,562 1,475 469 70% China 60% Romania Pakistan 50% Morocco 40% 5,684 9,480 10,156 9,299 30%

20%

10%

0% 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

2.2. Catalan courses for adults run abroad

Table 2.2.1. Foreign countries and universities where Catalan courses for adults are run. 2010

Countries Universities Students Countries Universities Students Germany 26 1,079 India 1 17 Argentina 3 97 Iran 2 28 Australia 1 12 Ireland 1 56 Austria 3 49 Israel 1 32 Belgium 1 15 Italy 12 700 Cameroon 1 27 Mexico 2 108 Canada 2 111 Poland 2 144 Croatia 1 295 Portugal 1 21 Cuba 1 27 United Kingdom 18 1,164 Spain 4 272 Czech Republic 2 239 United States 12 363 Romania 1 305 Estonia 1 19 Russia 2 46 Finland 1 10 Serbia 1 243 France 14 1,032 Switzerland 2 133 Holland 1 37 Uruguay 1 16 Hungary 2 207 Chile 2 145 Total 125 7,049

269 VI. Indicators

Table 2.2.2. Change in the number of foreign universities that run Catalan courses for adults by geographical areas. 2002-2010

02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 Europe 71 76 78 81 87 96 96 96 93 America 11 13 13 14 17 24 21 23 24 Asia 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 5 Oceania 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Africa 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 85 93 95 98 107 124 121 126 123

Table 2.2.3. Results of examinations taken by people enrolled on Catalan courses for adults run abroad, by levels. 2010

Basic Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Advanced Total

Passes 84.63% 89.45% 90.54% 50% 41.67% 78.86% Fails 10.37% 10.55% 9.46% 50% 58.33% 21.14%

2.3. Catalan courses for adults run by the Government of Catalonia’s Office in Madrid

Table 2.3.1. Number of groups and total students enrolled on Catalan courses for adults run by the Government of Catalonia’s Office in Madrid, by levels. 2010

Level Groups Students

Basic 3 65 Elementary 3 56 Intermediate 2 41 Proficiency 2 37 Advanced 1 8 Basic + Elementary (new) 1 6 Total 12 213

270 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.3.1. Percentage of students enrolled on Catalan courses for adults run by the Government of Catalonia’s Office in Madrid, by levels. 2010

4% 3%

17% 31%

Basic Elementary Intermediate Proficiency Advanced Basic + Elementary (new) 19%

26%

Figure 2.3.2. Percentage of students enrolled on Catalan courses for adults run by the Government of Catalonia’s Office in Madrid, by sex. 2010

Men 36% Women

64%

271 VI. Indicators

2.4 Catalan courses run by the Public Administration School of Catalonia

Table 2.4.1. Catalan courses run by the Public Administration School of Catalonia (EAPC) for all departments in the Government of Catalonia, by level. 2010 Level A Level A Intermediate Proficiency Department or agency Total basic elementary level level Social Action and 1 1 3 5 Citizenship Economy and Finance 1 1 Education (virtual) 5 5 Governance and Public 1 1 1 3 Administration Town and Country Planning 1 1 and Public Works Health (including Catalan 2 2 Health Service [SCS]) Catalan Health Institute 1 1 3 6 11 (ICS) Employment (includes Catalan Employment 1 1 2 4 Service [SOC]) EAPC (all departments, 1 2 3 face-to-face) Total 2 4 6 23 35

Table 2.4.2. Catalan courses for State Administration institutions and trade unions run by the EAPC, by level. 2010

Level A Level A Intermediate Proficiency Body Total basic elementary level level SPEE 1 1 2 UGT 9 9 CCOO 2 2 4 Total 1 - 2 12 15

Table 2.4.3. Catalan courses run by the EAPC, by area and level. 2010

Level A Level A Intermediate Proficiency Geographical area Total basic elementary level level Barcelona 3 3 8 29 43 Girona - - 2 2 Lleida 1 1 Tarragona 1 2 3 Terres de l’Ebre - 1 1 Total 3 4 8 35 50

272 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.4.1. Percentage of Catalan courses run by the Public Administration School of Catalonia by areas. 2010

6% 2% 2% 4%

Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l’Ebre

86%

2.5. Online learning. Parla.cat

Table 2.5.1. General Parla.cat figures. 2010

Visitor % new Visits Visits/Day Pages/visit Average time Bounce rate countries visits

610,816 1,673 12.02 149 00 h 19 min 08 sec 38.35% 28.95%

Table 2.5.2. Visits to the Parla.cat website, by countries. 2010

Country Visits

Spain 503,154 France 19,229 USA 9,997 Italy 9,866 Germany 9,160 Mexico 8,784 United Kingdom 6,426 Brazil 3,614 Argentina 3,176 Colombia 2,937 Canada 2,447 Russia 2,299 Chile 1,971 Venezuela 1,838

273 VI. Indicators

Poland 1,748 Hungary 1,540 Belgium 1,405 Czech Republic 1,381 The Netherlands 1,203 Peru 1,141 Total 593,316

Table 2.5.3. New and returning visitors to the Parla.cat platform. 2010

Number Percentage

New visitors 234,247 38.35% Returning visitors 376,569 61.65%

Figure 2.5.1. New and returning visitors to the Parla.cat platform. 2010

38%

New visitors Returning visitors

62%

Table 2.5.4. Courses on Saturday and starting after 8 pm. 2010

Courses Enrolments

Courses starting after 8 pm 11,567 Courses on Saturday 3,501 Total 15,068

Table 2.5.5. Number of new registered users of the Parla.cat platform in 2010 with respect to the total number since it came into service

New registered users 2010 38,379

Total number of registered users 76,181

274 VI. Indicators

Table 2.5.6. People enrolled in 2010 on Catalan courses, by levels, with respect to total enrolments

Percentage enrolments Level Enrolments 2010 Total enrolments 2010/total

Basic 30,073 53,164 56.57%

Elementary 6,970 13,323 52.32% Intermediate 6,752 9,730 69.39% Proficiency 7,015 7,015 100% Total 50,810 83,232 61%

Figure 2.5.2. Comparative relationship between enrolments in 2010 and total enrolments for Parla.cat

60,000

53,164 50,000

40,000

Enrolments 2010 30,000 30,073 Total enrolments

20,000

13,323 10,000 9,730 6,970 7,015 6,752

0 Basic Elementary Intermediate Proficiency

2.6. Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteers) programme

Table 2.6.1. Change in the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. 2007-2010

Pairs 2007 2008 2009 2010 Number of CPNL pairs 6,123 8,968 10,193 10,173 Number of pairs from other organisations 181 469 317 382 Total 6,304 9,437 10,510 10,555

275 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.6.1. Change in the total number of language pairs enrolled on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. 2007-2010

12,000

10,510 10,555

10,000 9,437

8,000

6,304 6,000

4,000

2,000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010

Figure 2.6.2. New enrolments on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. 2010

3,331 37.34%

Volunteers Learners 5,589 62.66%

TOTAL: 8,920

276 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.6.3. Comparison of new enrolments on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. 2009-2010

12,000

10,000

8,000 6,535

Learner 6,000 5,589 Volunteer

4,000

2,000 4,215 3,331

0 2009 2010

Figure 2.6.4. Comparison of people enrolled on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme. 2009-2010

12,000 10,750 17.02% 10,000 8,920

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 2009 2010

277 VI. Indicators

Table 2.6.2. Change in Voluntariat per la llengua programme partner establishments and organisations. 2007-2010

2007 2008 2009 2010

Establishments 2,623 3,378 4,902 2,561

Organisations 495 856 919 782

Figure 2.6.5. Change in Voluntariat per la llengua programme partner establishments and organisations. 2007-2010

6,000

5,000 4,902

4,000

3,378 Establishments 3,000 Organisations 2,623 2,561 2,000

1,000 919 856 782 495 0 2007 2008 2009 2010

Table 2.6.3. Voluntariat per la llengua programme language pairs, by area. 2009-2010

Terres de Year Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Total l’Ebre 2009 7,398 1,481 602 739 290 10,510 2010 7,795 1,386 508 590 276 10,555

278 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.6.6. Language pairs by area 2009-2010

9,000

7,795 8,000 7,398

7,000

6,000

5,000 2009

4,000 2010

3,000

2,000 1,481 1,386 739 1,000 602 508 590 290 276 0 Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l’Ebre

Figure 2.6.7. Percentage of Voluntariat per la llengua programme language pairs, by area. 2010

3% 6% 5%

13% Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l’Ebre

73%

279 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.6.8. People enrolled on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme as learners, by area of origin. 2010

483 305 13% 8% Central America, Mexico and Caribbean 329 South America 9% Asia 2 USA and Canada 0% Non-EU Europe

466 North Africa 13% Oceania 1748 Rest of Africa 128 49% 4% European Union

30 1%

119 3%

Figure 2.6.9. People enrolled on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme as volunteers, by area of origin. 2010

207 144 6.2% 4.3% 107 3.2%

Catalonia Foreigners Rest of Spain DK/DA

2,873 86.3% Total: 3,331

280 VI. Indicators

Figure 2.6.10. People enrolled on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme, by age groups. 2010

6,000 96

5,000 836

4,000 1,314 over 65 between 50 and 65 277 3,000 between 40 and 49 989 between 30 and 39 2,041 between 18 and 29 2,000 761

1,000 691 1,302 613 0 Learner Volunteer

Figure 2.6.11. People enrolled on the Voluntariat per la llengua programme by sex. 2010

4,500 3,997 4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500 2,258 Women Men 2,000 1,592 1,500 1,073 1,000

500

0 Learners Volunteers

281 VI. Indicators

3. CITIZEN SERVICES

3.1. Language Guarantees Office

Table 3.1.1. Enquiries received by the General Directorate for Language Policy’s Citizen Service Bureau. 2008-2010

Year Enquiries 2008 6,800 2009 7,890 2010 7,818

Figure 3.1.1. Enquiries received by the General Directorate for Language Policy’s Citizen Service Bureau. 2008-2010

8,000 7,890 7,818 7,800

7,600

7,400

7,200

7,000 6,800 6,800

6,600

6,400

6,200 2008 2009 2010

Table 3.1.2. Catalan language enquiries received in the communication mailbox, by topics. 2010

TOPICS People Catalan certificates 4,494 Learning Catalan 754 Language queries and incidents 1,474 Other Catalan language issues 284

282 VI. Indicators

Figure 3.1.2. Catalan language enquiries received in the communication mailbox, by topics. 2010

5,000 4,494 4,500 4,000

3,500 3,000

2,500 1,474 2,000 1,500 754 1,000 284 500

- 1 Catalan

CATALAN CERTIFICATES LEARNING CATALAN LANGUAGE QUERIES AND INCIDENTS OTHER CATALAN LANGUAGE ISSUES

Figure 3.1.3. Monthly breakdown of Catalan language enquiries received in the communication mailbox, by topics. 2010

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 January February March April May June July August September October November December

CATALAN CERTIFICATES LEARNING CATALAN LANGUAGE QUERIES AND INCIDENTS OTHER CATALAN LANGUAGE ISSUES

283 VI. Indicators

Figure 3.1.4. All enquiries received in the communication mailbox. 2010

LEARNING CATALAN 754; 9.64% SWORN TRANSLATION 94; 1.20% VOLUNTARIAT PER LA LLENGUA 125; 1.60% FILMS IN CATALAN 62; 0.79% INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 36; 0.46% CATALAN CERTIFICATES 4,494; 57.48% PUBLICATIONS 152; 1.94%

LANGUAGE QUERIES AND INCIDENTS CATALAN CERTIFICATES 1,474; 18.85% LEARNING CATALAN SWORN TRANSLATION VOLUNTARIAT PER LA LLENGUA FILMS IN CATALAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSLATIONS 137; 1.75% PUBLICATIONS CHECKING 115; 1.47% LANGUAGE QUERIES AND INCIDENTS TRANSLATIONS DOCUMENTATION CENTRE 25; CHECKING 0.32% DOCUMENTATION CENTRE SUBSIDIES SUBSIDIES 66; 0.84% OTHER CATALAN LANGUAGE ISSUES OTHER CATALAN LANGUAGE ISSUES 284; 3.63%

Figure 3.1.5. Percentage of queries and incidents received in the communication mailbox. 2010

Complaints 74%

Suggestions 3%

Queries 23%

Queries Complaints Suggestions

284 VI. Indicators

3.2. Catalan Consumer Agency

Table 3.2.1. Number of complaints filed with the Catalan Consumer Agency by geographical area. 2010

Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l'Ebre Total Reports 1,241 21 4 40 1,306 Complaints 58 2 1 61 Inspections 2,001 451 269 231 134 3,086 Offences found 353 44 30 26 9 462 Prosecutions 200 29 4 233 Amount of fines €196,900 €19,050 €2,875 €218,825

Figure 3.2.1. Percentages of the types of Catalan Consumer Agency actions. 2010

5% 9% 25%

Reports Complaints Inspections 1% Offences found Prosecutions

60%

Table 3.2.2. Change in the number of prosecutions brought by the Catalan Consumer Agency and the amount of fines. 2007-2010

Year Prosecutions Amount

2007 733 €2,929,000 2008 209 €208,200 2009 151 €147,350 2010 233 €218,825

285 VI. Indicators

Figure 3.2.2. Change in the number of prosecutions brought by the Catalan Consumer Agency. 2007-2010

800 733

700

600

500

400

300 233 209 200 151

100

0 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.3. Promoting the use of Catalan

3.3.1. “Encomana el català” campaign

Figure 3.3.3.1. Karaoke contest, by geographical area. 2010

1; 5%

3; 14%

Barcelona Girona 2; 10% Lleida Tarragona 12; 57% Terres de l'Ebre

3; 14%

286 VI. Indicators

Figure 3.3.3.2. Rating of the karaoke contest. 2010

1; 5%

9; 43% Very good Good Average

11; 52%

Figure 3.3.3.3. Language awareness workshops, by geographical area. 2010

2; 5%

8; 20%

Barcelona Girona 19; 47% Lleida Tarragona 4; 10% Terres de l'Ebre

7; 18%

287 VI. Indicators

Figure 3.3.3.4. Overall rating of the language awareness workshops (from 0 to 4). 2010

3.90% 3.80% 3.80%

3.70%

3.60%

3.50%

3.40% 3.30% 3.30% 3.30%

3.20%

3.10%

3.00% Attendees Facilitators Coordinator organisations (DGPL-CNL)

3.3.2. Funding to promote the use of Catalan. 2010

Figure 3.3.2.1. Percentage of projects receiving funding awards to promote the use of Catalan, by geographical area. 2010

Terres de l'Ebre; 3% Tarragona; 2% Lleida; 3% Girona; 8%

Barcelona; 84%

Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l'Ebre

288 VI. Indicators

4. TOOLS AND RESOURCES

4.1. Language queries. OPTIMOT

Table 4.1.1. Number of queries dealt with by the personalised service. 2009-2010 In By Total Total Difference Type of query Difference writing phone 2010 2009 % Linguistic 4,736 1,891 6,627 7,303 +676 +9.26% Outside service remit 284 95 379 381 +2 +0.52% Complaints 9 1 10 17 +7 +41.18%

Table 4.1.2. Queries dealt with by user profile. 2010

Origin Queries Private individuals 2,206 Self-employed professional (language tasks) 925 Self-employed professional (other tasks) 208 Private company (language tasks) 322 Private company (other tasks) 1,077 Local government (language tasks) 115 Local government (other tasks) 281 Regional government (language tasks) 307 Regional government (other tasks) 405 State government (language tasks) 56 State government (other tasks) 39 Other organisations and public companies (language tasks) 385 Other organisations and public companies (other tasks) 293 Non-registered user* 397 Total 7,016 * Phone queries dealt with using the Optimot search engine guide and phone queries outside the service remit: in these cases users are not registered.

Table 4.1.3. Queries dealt with by geographic area. 2010

Area Queries Barcelona 4,494 Girona 702 Lleida 228 Tarragona 514 Alacant 35 Castelló 129 Valencia 208 Balearic Islands 158 Franja de Ponent 4 Rest of Spain 37 Outside Spain 94 Geographic area not specified 413 Total 7,016

289 VI. Indicators

4.2. Online machine translation

Table 4.2.1. Machine translation services. Number of cases handled. 2006-2010

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 782,000 8,086,033 10,200,369 11,764,242 13,962,921 44,795,565

Figure 4.2.1. Machine translation services. Number of cases handled. 2006-2010

16,000,000 13,962,921 14,000,000

11,764,242 12,000,000 10,200,369 10,000,000 8,086,033 8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000 782,000

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Table 4.2.2. Number of words translated. 2006-2010

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 80,140,000 1,320,025,185 2,026,160,315 2,010,306,253 3,096,735,435 8,533,367,188

5. EDUCATION

5.1. Compulsory education

Table 5.1.1. General data about foreign nationality students in compulsory education in Catalonia. 2005-2010

Academic year Students % students 2005-2006 106,746 10.61% 2006-2007 121,622 11.77% 2007-2008 133,000 12.93% 2008-2009 148,525 13.70% 2009-2010 152,309 13.47%

290 VI. Indicators

Figure 5.1.1. General data about foreign nationality students in compulsory education in Catalonia. 2005-2010

160,000 152,309 148,525

140,000 133,000 121,622 120,000 106,746

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Table 5.1.2. Origin of foreign nationality students in compulsory education. Academic year 2009-2010

Student nationality Number % students Morocco 41,119 27.03 Ecuador 17,435 11.46 Romania 9,667 6.35 Colombia 7,935 5.22 Bolivia 7,378 4.85 China 6,350 4.17 Peru 5,388 3.54 Argentina 5,257 3.46 Dominican Republic 3,741 2.46 Gambia 3,053 2.01 Pakistan 2,947 1.94 Brazil 2,836 1.86 Uruguay 2,629 1.73 Chile 2,412 1.59 Italy 2,196 1.44 Russia 2,019 1.33 Ukraine 2,011 1.32 India 1,891 1.24 Honduras 1,717 1.13 Senegal 1,699 1.12 Venezuela 1,259 0.83 United Kingdom 1,224 0.80

291 VI. Indicators

France 1,220 0.80 Paraguay 1,210 0.80 Bulgaria 1,194 0.78 Philippines 1,093 0.72 Portugal 958 0.63 Poland 940 0.62 Germany 918 0.60 Algeria 908 0.60 Cuba 867 0.57 Moldavia 608 0.40 Nigeria 584 0.38 Bangladesh 584 0.38 Andorra 568 0.37 The Netherlands 546 0.36 Armenia 502 0.33 Equatorial Guinea 486 0.32 Guinea 460 0.30 United States of America 453 0.30 Mexico 453 0.30 Mali 397 0.26 Georgia 304 0.20 Ghana 275 0.18 Salvador 274 0.18 Belgium 261 0.17 Lithuania 212 0.14 Dominica 197 0.13 Cameroon 183 0.12 Switzerland 164 0.11 Ethiopia 149 0.10 Mauritania 145 0.10 Belarus 139 0.09 Nepal 136 0.09 Egypt 132 0.09 Nicaragua 118 0.08 Guatemala 110 0.07 Guinea Bissau 105 0.07 Ireland 91 0.06 Sweden 88 0.06 Serbia and Montenegro 86 0.06 Japan 85 0.06 Congo 74 0.05 Czech Republic 73 0.05 Slovakia 72 0.05 Hungary 71 0.05 Israel 63 0.04 Panama 62 0.04 Ivory Coast 57 0.04 Syria 54 0.04 Costa Rica 51 0.03

292 VI. Indicators

Republic of Korea 51 0.03 Latvia 49 0.03 Haiti 46 0.03 Denmark 45 0.03 Austria 43 0.03 Australia 41 0.03 Croatia 40 0.03 Kazakhstan 40 0.03 Finland 39 0.03 Bosnia and Herzegovina 39 0.03 Canada 39 0.03 Albania 38 0.02 Burkina Faso 36 0.02 Tunisia 35 0.02 Lebanon 29 0.02 No nationality stated 29 0.02 Turkey 24 0.02 Angola 23 0.02 Norway 22 0.01 Greece 21 0.01 Madagascar 21 0.01 Iran 19 0.01 Iraq 18 0.01 Thailand 18 0.01 Estonia 17 0.01 Libya 17 0.01 Democratic Republic of the Congo 17 0.01 Mozambique 15 0.01 Jordan 14 0.01 Kenya 13 0.01 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 13 0.01 Iceland 12 0.01 Uzbekistan 12 0.01 Slovenia 11 0.01 Macedonia 11 0.01 Niger 11 0.01 Benin 10 0.01 Togo 10 0.01 Azerbaijan 9 0.01 Republic of South Africa 9 0.01 Sierra Leone 9 0.01 Afghanistan 9 0.01 Mongolia 9 0.01 Cape Verde 8 0.01 Central African Republic 8 0.01 Vietnam 8 0.01 Sudan 7 0.00 Indonesia 7 0.00 Malaysia 7 0.00

293 VI. Indicators

Taiwan 6 0.00 Kirghizstan 6 0.00 Malta 5 0.00 Tanzania 5 0.00 Sri Lanka 5 0.00 Gabon 4 0.00 Liberia 4 0.00 Saudi Arabia 4 0.00 New Zealand 4 0.00 Zambia 3 0.00 Belize 3 0.00 Singapore 3 0.00 Marshall Islands 3 0.00 Other 3 0.00 Cyprus 2 0.00 Luxemburg 2 0.00 Monaco 2 0.00 San Marino 2 0.00 Malawi 2 0.00 Mauritius 2 0.00 Ruanda 2 0.00 Somalia 2 0.00 Saint Christopher and Nevis 2 0.00 Bhutan 2 0.00 Maldives 2 0.00 Papua Nova Guinea 2 0.00 Liechtenstein 1 0.00 Botswana 1 0.00 Burundi 1 0.00 Comoros 1 0.00 Sao Tomé and Príncipe 1 0.00 Seychelles 1 0.00 Chad 1 0.00 Uganda 1 0.00 Bahamas 1 0.00 Jamaica 1 0.00 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 0.00 Surinam 1 0.00 United Arab Emirates 1 0.00 Cambodia 1 0.00 Kuwait 1 0.00 Laos 1 0.00 Qatar 1 0.00 Macau (Portugal) 1 0.00 Fiji 1 0.00 Federated States of Micronesia 1 0.00 Total 152,123 100.00

294 VI. Indicators

5.2. Reception classrooms

Table 5.2.1. Distribution of reception classrooms by regional services and type of school. Academic year 2007-2008

Regional service State Grant-aided Municipal Total Barcelona city 165 23 6 194 Barcelona counties 291 40 3 334 Baix Llobregat - Anoia 106 1 0 107 Vallès Occidental 97 7 0 104 Girona 140 16 0 156 Lleida 93 13 0 106 Tarragona 111 6 0 117 Terres de l’Ebre 45 3 0 48 Total 1,048 109 9 1,166

Table 5.2.2. Distribution of reception classrooms by regional services and type of school. Academic year 2008-2009

Regional service State Grant-aided Municipal Total Barcelona city 171 25 8 204 Barcelona counties 195 33 1 229 Maresme - Vallès Oriental 117 9 4 130 Baix Llobregat - Anoia 112 2 0 114 Vallès Occidental 110 7 0 117 Girona 145 16 0 161 Lleida 96 13 0 109 Tarragona 117 6 0 123 Terres de l’Ebre 44 3 0 47 Total 1,107 114 13 1,234

Table 5.2.3. Distribution of reception classrooms by regional services and type of school. Academic year 2009-2010

Regional service State Grant-aided Municipal Total Baix Llobregat 97 1 0 98 Barcelona counties 137 20 1 158 Central Catalonia 66 13 0 79 Barcelona Education Consortium 167 25 7 199 Girona 148 14 0 162 Lleida 85 11 0 96 Maresme - Vallès Oriental 116 7 4 127 Tarragona 101 5 0 106 Terres de l’Ebre 40 3 0 43 Vallès Occidental 106 7 0 113 Total 1,063 106 12 1,181

295 VI. Indicators

Table 5.2.4. Distribution of reception classrooms by regional services and type of school. 2010-2011

Regional service State Grant-aided Municipal Total Baix Llobregat 81 81 Barcelona counties 114 18 1 133 Central Catalonia 50 8 58 Barcelona Education Consortium 160 23 5 188 Girona 129 10 139 Lleida 76 9 85 Maresme - Vallès Oriental 98 6 2 106 Tarragona 87 5 92 Terres de l’Ebre 34 2 36 Vallès Occidental 88 7 95 Total 917 88 8 1,013

Table 5.2.5. Annual change in the number of reception classrooms. 2007-2010

Academic year Classrooms 2007-2008 1,166 2008-2009 1,234 2009-2010 1,181 2010-2011 1,013 Total 4,594

Figure 5.2.1. Annual change in the number of reception classrooms. 2007-2010

1,400 1,234 1,166 1,181 1,200 1,013 1,000

800

600

400

200

0 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011

296 VI. Indicators

Table 5.2.6. Annual change in the number of students in reception classrooms

Academic year Primary Secondary Total 2004-05 7,837 4,410 12,247 2005-06 10,051 6,694 16,745 2006-07 12,872 9,249 22,121 2007-08 13,642 10,863 24,505 2008-09 12,252 10,205 22,457 2009-10 9,893 9,378 19,271

Figure 5.2.2. Annual change in the number of students in reception classrooms. 2004- 2010

Number of students

30,000

24,505 25,000 22,121 22,457

19,271 20,000 16,745

15,000 12,247

10,000

5,000

0 Academic year Academic year Academic year Academic year Academic year Academic year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Table 5.2.7. Change in annual spending on reception classrooms. 2005-2010

Spending Euros

2005 21,970,515.00 2006 31,274,515.00 2007 41,243,000.00 2008 43,676,666.67 2009 50,168,103.00 2010 43,765,188.67

297 VI. Indicators

Figure 5.2.3. Change in annual spending on reception classrooms. 2005-2010

60,000,000.00

50,168,103.00 50,000,000.00 43,676,666.67 43,765,188.67 41,243,000.00

40,000,000.00

31,274,515.00

30,000,000.00

21,970,515.00

20,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

5.3. Community education plans

Table 5.3.1. Change in the number of schools with community education plans by type of school. 2004-2010

Academic Kinderg Special Adult Primary Secondary Grant-aided Music Total year arten Education education

2004-2005 30 120 57 40 6 12 265 2005-2006 56 263 116 100 11 27 1 574 2006-2007 90 362 162 130 15 37 5 801 2007-2008 89 368 165 130 15 35 5 807 2008-2009 90 382 165 129 15 34 5 820 2009-2010 100 393 170 130 14 34 5 862 2010-2011 112 408 182 135 15 35 6 893

Table 5.3.2. Number of students aged 3 to 16, by academic year of joining. 2004-2010

Academic year Students 2004-2005 78,567 2005-2006 169,440 2006-2007 233,741 2007-2008 242,605 2008-2009 292,200 2009-2010 317,869 2010-2011 322,057

298 VI. Indicators

Figure 5.3.1. Change in the number of students aged 3 to 16, by academic year of joining. 2004-2010

350,000 322,057 300,000 292,200 317,869

250,000 242,605

200,000 233,741 169,440 150,000

100,000 78,567 50,000

0 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011

Table 5.3.3. Schools taking part in the Catalan Sport in Schools Plan, by regional services. 2007-2011

Regional services 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011

Barcelona Education Consortium 8 20 22 23 Barcelona counties 32 49 56 64 Baix Llobregat 28 49 56 63 Central Catalonia 43 45 48 Girona 27 59 69 75 Lleida 9 19 19 21 Maresme - Vallès Oriental 56 61 66 Tarragona 20 54 64 71 Terres de l’Ebre 10 22 24 24 Vallès Occidental 31 61 70 73 Total 165 432 486 528

299 VI. Indicators

Figure 5.3.2. Change in the number of schools taking part in the Catalan Sport in Schools Plan. 2007-2010

600 528 486 500 432

400

300

200 165

100

0 Schools 2007-2008 Schools 2008-2009 Schools 2009-2010 Schools 2010-2011

Table 5.3.4. Change in the number of schools taking part in the Language Immersion Programme, by regional services. 2007-2010

Number of Number of Number of Number of Regional services schools schools schools schools Withdrawals Total 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 Baix Llobregat 9 4 8 5 2 19 Central Catalonia 4 7 11 1 7 15 Central counties 4 8 11 4 1 22 Barcelona City Education 15 5 9 2 29 Consortium Girona 11 10 8 0 3 26 Lleida 5 5 6 3 16 Maresme - Vallès Oriental 5 8 12 4 1 24 Tarragona 10 10 10 4 2 28 Terres de l'Ebre 4 5 3 0 1 11 Vallès Occidental 12 4 15 2 31 Total 79 66 93 25 17 246

5.4. Education Reception Areas (EBE)

Table 5.4.1. Change in the number of EBE users, by school. 2008-2010

Academic year 2008-2009 Academic year 2009-2010 Academic year 2010-2011 Total Cornellà de Llobregat 0 65 79 144 Reus 122 123 61 306 Vic 146 79 47 272 Total 268 267 187 720

300 VI. Indicators

Table 5.4.2. Distribution of EBE users month by month and by school (Vic, Reus, Cornellà de Llobregat). 2008-2010 Vic Academic year 2008-2009 Academic year 2009-2010 Academic year 2010-2011 Number of Number of Number of children children and children and Month Month and young people Month young people young people served served served September 34 September 13 September 20 October 18 October 7 October 10 November 5 November 14 November 6 December 8 December 1 December 2 January 13 January 9 January 5 February 15 February 6 February 5 March 5 March 5 March 9 April 4 April 12 April 2 May 16 May 9 May June 13 June 0 June July 12 July 3 July August 3 August 0 August Total 146 Total 79 Total 59

Reus Academic year 2008-2009 Academic year 2009-2010 Academic year 2010-2011 Number of Number of Number of children children and children and Month Month and young people Month young people young people served served served September 0 September 42 September 20 October 12 October 8 October 18 November 16 November 4 November 11 December 8 December 3 December 1 January 14 January 17 January 7 February 16 February 14 February 4 March 9 March 10 March 7 April 11 April 10 April 6 May 10 May 5 May June 15 June 4 June July 6 July 4 July August 5 August 0 August Total 122 Total 121 Total 74

301 VI. Indicators

Cornellà de Llobregat Academic year 2008-2009 Academic year 2009-2010 Academic year 2010-2011 Number of Number of children Number of children children and Month and young people Month and young people Month young people served served served September September 0 September 42 October October 6 October 10 November November 15 November 5 December December 1 December 5 January January 13 January 6 February February 12 February 9 March March 1 March 8 April April 7 April 6 May May 5 May June June 5 June July July 0 July August August 0 August Total 0 Total 65 Total 68

6. CULTURE

6.1. Cinema

Table 6.1.1. Total number of cinema goers in Catalonia and the number of cinema goers for films in Catalan. 2004-2010

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Number of cinema goers 29,034,898 25,908,952 25,456,933 23,927,465 22,540,912 22,584,807 20,432,597 in Catalonia Total number of cinema 823,064 858,554 676,154 793,266 789,029 601,584 752,300 goers for Catalan films

Table 6.1.2. Change in the number of cinema goers for foreign films dubbed into or subtitled in Catalan (does not include Catalan productions). 2004-2010

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Audience 653,268 602,505 423,401 461,716 383,233 337,168 259,484

302 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.1.1. Change in the number of cinema goers for foreign films dubbed into or subtitled in Catalan (does not include Catalan productions). 2004-2010

Cinema goers

700,000

600,000 653,268 602,505

500,000

461,716 400,000 423,401 383,233 300,000 337,168

259,484 200,000

100,000

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Table 6.1.3. Total numbers of cinema goers for films shown in Catalan by version (including Catalan productions and foreign productions). 2004-2010

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Film made in Catalan 52,376 133,956 122,955 194,329 143,230 197,300 419,161

Dubbed into Catalan 763,846 724,400 537,430 565,131 612,993 367,901 288,928

Subtitled in Catalan 6,842 198 15,769 33,806 29,806 36,383 44,211

303 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.1.2. Total numbers of cinema goers for films shown in Catalan by version (including Catalan productions and foreign productions). 2004-2010

900,000

800,000 763,846 724,400

700,000 612,993 565,131 600,000 537,430

500,000 419,161 367,901 400,000 288,928 300,000 194,329 197,300 200,000 143,230 133,956 122,955

52,376 100,000 33,806 36,383 44,211 15,769 29,806 6,842 198 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Original in Catalan Dubbed in Catalan Subtitled in Catalan

Table 6.1.4. Number of films shown in Catalan, by version. 2006-2010

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Subtitled in Catalan 6 21 23 18 28 Film made in Catalan 25 32 26 51 53 Dubbed into Catalan 77 92 98 78 68 Total films shown 108 145 147 140 142* (*) The total number of feature films is not the same as the sum of the different versions as the same film may be screened in various versions (original, dubbed and subtitled).

304 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.1.3. Number of films shown in Catalan, by version. 2006-2010

120

98 100 92

77 78 80 68

53 60 51

40 32 28 26 25 23 21 18 20 6

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Subtitled in Catalan Original in Catalan Dubbed in Catalan

6.2. Theatre

Table 6.2.1. Change in the total number of performances and the number of performances in Catalan, by origin of the company. 2007-2009

Year Nationality Total performances Performances in Catalan

Catalan 10,674 7,509 Rest of Spain 1,248 86 2007 Other countries 832 69 Various places 648 25 Total 13,402 7,689 Catalan 11,141 7,914 Rest of Spain 1,696 165 2008 Other countries 873 69 Various places 672 39 Total 14,382 8,187 Catalan 11,710 7,850 Rest of Spain 1,778 105 2009 Other countries 965 19 Various places 847 41 Total 15,300 8,015

305 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.2.1. Change in the total number of performances and number of performances in Catalan. 2007-2009

18,000

16,000 15,300 14,382 14,000 13,402

12,000

10,000 8,187 8,015 7,689 8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 2007 2008 2009

Total performances Performances in Catalan

Table 6.2.2. Change in the number of performing arts and musical performances in theatres in Catalonia, by language of the show. 2007-2009

Year Language Performances

Catalan 7,689 Spanish 3,453 Other languages 452 2007 Multilingual 707 No language 1101 Total 13,402 Catalan 8,187 Spanish 3,472 Other languages 433 2008 Multilingual 779 No language 1511 Total 14,382 Catalan 8,015 Spanish 4,057 Other languages 422 2009 Multilingual 959 No language 1,847 Total 15,300

306 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.2.2. Number of performances in Catalan. 2007-2009

8,300 8,187 8,200

8,100 8,015 8,000

7,900

7,800 7,689 7,700

7,600

7,500

7,400 2007 2008 2009

Performances in Catalan

Table 6.2.3. Total number of theatre goers in Catalonia. 2006-2009

2006 2007 2008 2009 Audience 2,968,304 3,101,047 3,392,275 3,688,957

Table 6.2.4. Change in the total number of theatre goers in Catalonia, by language. 2006-2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 Catalan 1,365,407 1,570,989 1,510,196 1,371,900 Spanish 711,150 890,602 1,043,550 1,220,661 Other languages 301,848 318,219 368,493 305,885 Multilingual 221193 89,368 100,980 163,767 No language 368,706 231,869 369,056 626,744 TOTAL 2,968,304 3,101,047 3,392,275 3,688,957

307 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.2.3. Change in the number of theatre goers in Catalan. 2006-2009

1,600,000 1,570,989

1,550,000 1,510,196 1,500,000

1,450,000

1,400,000 1,365,407 1,371,900

1,350,000

1,300,000

1,250,000 2006 2007 2008 2009

6.3. Books

Table 6.3.1. Change in publishing production in Catalonia. 2004-2009

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Titles published in Catalonia 29,259 30,710 31,131 31,097 32,741 33,428 Titles published in Catalan 8,016 8,577 8,882 8,544 8,507 8,554 % titles in Catalan / total published 27.4% 27.9% 28.5% 27.5% 26.0% 25.6%

Copies published (in millions) 155.3 166.0 162.1 180.8 194.98 171.8 Copies published in Catalan (in millions) 23.6 25.06 24.62 26.6 25.5 22.3 % copies in Catalan / total 15.2% 15.1% 15.2% 14.7% 13.1% 13.0%

Source: Department of Culture

308 VI. Indicators

Table 6.3.2. Distribution by areas and production in Catalan in relation to total publishing production 2010. Percentages

Total Catalan % Catalan / total Literature 24.4 16.2 66.3% Children and teenagers 14.9 23.5 157.7% Non-university text 16.0 36.9 229.9% University, technical and scientific 9.1 3.8 41.6% Social sciences and humanities 12.4 6.9 55.8% Practical books 7.6 4.9 65.1% General information 7.3 4.1 55.4% Dictionaries and encyclopaedias 2.0 2.1 102.8% Comics 3.7 0.5 12.2% Other 2.5 1.2 48.2% Total 33,428 8,548 25.6%

Table 6.3.3. Distribution by areas and production in Catalan in relation to total publishing production 2010. Absolute figures

Total Catalan % Catalan / total Literature 8,162 1,384 17.0% Children and teenagers 4,976 2,007 40.3% Non-university text 5,363 3,153 58.8% University, technical and scientific 3,038 323 10.6% Social sciences and humanities 4,139 591 14.3% Practical books 2,541 423 16.6% General information 2,449 347 14.2% Dictionaries and encyclopaedias 677 178 26.3% Comics 1,248 39 3.1% Other 835 103 12.3% Total number 33,428 8,548 25.6%

309 VI. Indicators

Figure 6.3.1. Distribution by areas and production in Catalan in relation to total publishing production 2010. Percentages

12.3 17.0 3.1

26.3 Literature 40.3 Children and teenagers Non-university text University, technical and scientific 14.2 Social sciences and humanities Practical books General information 16.6 Dictionaries and encyclopaedias Comics Other 14.3 58.8 10.6

Table 6.3.4. Proposed titles to promote reading in Catalan, by geographical area. Library Acquisition System (SAB). 2010

Area Publishers Titles Barcelona 115 1,737 Girona 4 22 Lleida 5 109 Tarragona 4 154 Balearic Islands 6 63 Region of Valencia 10 137 North Catalonia 1 4 Basque Country 0 0 Madrid 1 13 Total 146 2,239 Source: Department of Culture

Table 6.3.5. List of the titles chosen to promote reading in Catalan, by geographical area. 2010

Area Publishers Titles % Chosen % Barcelona 115 1,737 77.6% 956 81.4% Girona 4 22 1% 9 0.8% Lleida 5 109 4.9% 67 5.7% Tarragona 4 154 6.9% 55 4.7% Balearic Islands 6 63 2.8% 21 1.8% Region of Valencia 10 137 6.1% 61 5.2% North Catalonia 1 4 0.2% 3 0.3% Madrid 1 13 0.6% 3 0.3% Total 146 2,239 100% 1,175 100% Source: Department of Culture

310 VI. Indicators

Table 6.3.6. Titles chosen to promote reading in Catalan, by topic. 2010 Not Subject Titles Chosen % % chosen General books 23 9 0% 14 60.9% Philosophy. Psychology 52 38 73.1% 14 26.9% Religion 48 14 29.2% 34 70.8% Social science. Folklore 174 92 52.9% 82 47.1% Pure and natural science 48 27 56.3% 21 43.8% Applied science. Cooking 45 31 68.9% 14 31.1% Fine arts. Shows. Sports 115 69 60% 46 40% Linguistics 59 43 72.9% 16 27.1% Literary theory and criticism 33 22 66.7% 11 33.3% Literature. Prose 459 298 64.9% 161 35.1% Poetry 111 66 59.5% 45 40.5% Theatre 29 16 55.2% 13 44.8% Geography. Biography. History 175 68 38.9% 107 61.1% Children’s information books 156 96 61.5% 60 38.5% Children’s and teenagers’ literature 712 286 40.2% 426 59.8% Total 2,239 1,175 52.5% 1,064 47.5% Source: Department of Culture

Table 6.3.7. Relation between the supply and demand for titles chosen to promote reading in Catalan, by topic. 2010

Titles Copies % Subject % supply Bought/Titles available bought demand

General books 9 0.8% 957 0.8% 106.33 Philosophy. Psychology 38 3.2% 4,560 3.7% 120 Religion 14 1.2% 1,644 1.3% 117.43 Social science. Folklore 92 7.8% 11,096 9% 120.61 Pure and natural science 27 2.3% 3,801 3.1% 140.78 Applied science. Cooking 32 2.7% 4,452 3.6% 139.13 Fine arts. Shows. Sports 69 5.9% 6,380 5.2% 92.46 Linguistics 42 3.6% 4,855 3.9% 115.6 Literary theory and criticism 22 1.9% 1,451 1.2% 65.95 Literature. Prose 298 25.4% 25,762 20.9% 86.45 Poetry 66 5.6% 5,656 4.6% 85.7 Theatre 16 1.4% 997 0.8% 62.31 Geography. Biography. History 68 5.8% 8,966 7.3% 131.85 Children’s information books 96 8.2% 11,252 9.1% 117.21 Children’s and teenagers’ literature 286 24.3% 31,710 25.7% 110.87 Total 1,175 100% 123,539 100% 105.14 Source: Department of Culture

311 VI. Indicators

7. THE MEDIA

7.1. Press and periodical publications

Table 7.1.1. Reading of daily newspapers (paid-for or free) 2010

% total population General information 35.7% Financial 0.6% Sports 15% Paid-for 36.9% Free 8.8% Catalan 12% Spanish 35.9%

Table 7.1.2. Reading of daily newspapers, by publications. 2010

% total population La Vanguardia 11.6% El Periódico de Catalunya 10.7% El Periódico Catalunya (Spanish) 5.9% El Periódico Catalunya (Catalan) 4.9% El Mundo Deportivo 7.9% 20 Minutos (free) 6.3% Sport 6.1% Què! (free) 3.9% ADN (free) 3.7% El País 3.6% Marca 3.4% El Punt 2.7% As 2.2% Avui 1.9% Segre 1.7% Diari de Tarragona 1.7% El Mundo 1.1% Segre (Catalan) 1.1% El 9 Esportiu de Catalunya 1.1% Més Tarr,Reus,C.Dau (free) 1% Regió 7 0.9% Diari de Girona 0.8% Diari de Terrassa 0.7% Segre (Catalan) 0.7% Bon dia Lleida (free) 0.6% La Mañana 0.6% Diari de Sabadell 0.6% Público 0.6% Expansión 0.5% La Razón 0.4% ABC 0.3% La Gaceta 0.3% El Economista 0.1% Cinco días 0.1% Source: Communication and Culture Barometer (daily newspapers read or flicked through on the day before the survey. Sample of 30,887 interviews from a total population of 6,421,000 people. January-December 2010)

312 VI. Indicators

Table 7.1.3. Number of young people taking advantage of the programme for free subscriptions to newspapers and magazines for young people aged 18. 2008-2010 Subscriptions taken Year Men Women % of 18-year-olds out 2008 6,467 6,553 13,020 18.78% 2009 8,506 8,460 16,966 24.98% 2010 10,856 10,380 21,236 31.14%

Table 7.1.4. Number of free subscriptions for young people aged 18, by topic. 2010 Topic Subscribers % General information 7,277 34.26% Sports, leisure, entertainment 5,956 28.04% Cultural, popular science, popular history 8,003 37.7% Total 21,236 100%

Table 7.1.5. Number of free subscriptions for young people aged 18, by type of publication. 2010 Frequency Subscribers % Daily 10,752 50.63% Weekly and twice weekly 1,378 6.49% Monthly 8,121 38.24% Other 985 4.64% Total 21,236 100%

Table 7.1.6. Number of free subscriptions for young people aged 18, by language chosen. 2010 Language Subscribers % English 113 0.53% Catalan 7,787 36.67% Spanish 13,336 62.8% Total 21,236 100%

Table 7.1.7. Ranking for reading of monthly magazines. 2010

Magazine % total population Muy Interesante 5.2% National Geographic 4.7% Sàpiens 2.2% Mi bebé y yo 2.1% Historia National Geographic 2.0% Saber Vivir Muy Saludable 2.0% Vogue 1.7% Quo 1.6% Elle 1.3% El Mueble 1.3% Cocina Fácil 1.2% Cosmopolitan 1.2% Ser Padres Hoy 1.2% Fotogramas 1.2%

313 VI. Indicators

PC Actual 1.1% Playstation Revista Oficial 1.1% Cuerpomente 1.0% La Revista 40 1.0% Viajar 1.0% Casa Diez 1.0% Total 35.1%

Table 7.1.8. Ranking for reading of weeklies. 2010

Weeklies % total population Pronto 8.6% Hola 6.8% Lecturas 4.4% Cuore 3.2% El 9 Nou (twice weekly) 3% Diez Minutos 2.4% Semana 2.2% Latino Barcelona (free) 2% El Tot Mataró i Maresme (free) 1.9% Capgròs Mataró i Maresme (free) 1.9% Revista del Vallès 1.5% El Jueves 1.5% ¡Qué me dices! 1.5% Reclam Osona Ripollès (free) 1.4% La Fura (free) 1.4% Mía 1.2% Interviú 1.2% Tot Sant Cugat (free) 1.2% La Clau (free) 1.2% Diari de Vilanova 0.9% Total 38.7%

7.2. Radio

Table 7.2.1. Average radio audience in Catalonia (working days). 2007-2010

Radio station 2007 2008 2009 2010 Catalunya Ràdio 596,000 587,000 498,000 531,000 RAC1 267,000 301,000 420,000 489,000 Cadena SER 454,000 444,000 402,000 397,000 Onda Cero 146,000 134,000 172,000 168,000 Radio Nacional 103,000 120,000 140,000 154,000 COPE 136,000 140,000 123,000 93,000 Punto Ràdio 88,000 93,000 92,000 79,000 COMRadio 31,000 48,000 43,000 47,000 Radio 4 10,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 Total general interest 1,831,000 1,877,000 1,905,000 1,973,000 Source: Communication and Culture Barometer. January-December 2010

314 VI. Indicators

Table 7.2.2. Average audience for Catalunya Ràdio radio stations. 2007-2010

Radio station 2007 2008 2009 2010 Catalunya Ràdio 596,000 587,000 498,000 531,000 Catalunya Informació 92,000 113,000 118,000 139,000 Catalunya Música 56,000 54,000 43,000 52,000 iCat fm 41,000 48,000 53,000 62,000 Total 785,000 802,000 712,000 784,000 Source: Communication and Culture Barometer. January-December 2010

Figure 7.2.1. Average audience for Catalunya Ràdio radio stations. 2007-2010

820,000

802,000 800,000 785,000 784,000 780,000

760,000

740,000

720,000 712,000

700,000

680,000

660,000 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: authors’ own compilation based on data from the Communication and Culture Barometer (January-December 2010)

315 VI. Indicators

Figure 7.2.2. Cumulative audience of radio listeners/day in Catalonia (in thousands of listeners). 2010

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000 1,879

1,500 863

1,000

500 1,086 1,047 122 0 136 General interest Music Current affairs

Mostly in Catalan Mostly in Spanish

Source: drawn up by the CAC based on data from the Communication and Culture Barometer (January-December 2010).

Figure 7.2.3. Cumulative audience of radio listeners/day in Catalan. Comparison 2009- 2010 (in thousands of listeners)

1,200 1,086 1,047 963 1,000 811 800

600

400

200 118 136

0 General interest Music Current affairs

2009 2010

Source: drawn up by the CAC based on data from the Communication and Culture Barometer (January-December 2010).

316 VI. Indicators

7.3. Television

Table 7.3.1. Audience share for television channels in Catalonia. 2010

Station % share TV3 17.4% Telecinco 14.1% La 1 12.7% Antena 3 12.4% La Sexta 6.5% Cuatro 6.4% 8TV 3.1% Canal 33 1.8% La 2 1.8% Antena.Neox 1.8% Other 22.0% Source: Communication and Culture Barometer. January-December 2010

Figure 7.3.1. Percentage of the average audience for TV stations in Catalonia. 2010

17.4 22.0 TV3 Telecinco La 1 Antena 3 1.8 La Sexta 1.8 14.1 Cuatro 1.8 8TV 3.1 Canal 33 La 2 6.4 Antena.Neox Other 12.7 6.5

12.4

Source: authors’ own compilation based on data from the Communication and Culture Barometer (January-December 2010)

317 VI. Indicators

Figure 7.3.2. Audience share for TV stations in Catalonia, by language. 2010

Local; 0.4% Other; 4.5% 33; 1.6% Telecinco; 12.7% TV3; 14.8% Antena 3 TV; 10.0% 8TV; 3.3% La 2; 2.6% Cuatro; 6.8%

La Sexta; 6.2% La 1; 11.8%

Pay themed TV: Themed TV with 6.3% DTT licence; 19.0%

Mostly in Spanish: 75.4% Mostly in Catalan: 20.1% Other: 4.5%

Source: drawn up by the CAC based on data from Kantar Media

Table 7.3.2. Average audience, by TV groups in Catalonia. 2010

TV group % share TVC 19% TVE 18.4% Gestevisión 15.6% Antena 3 14% Sogecable 7.8% La Sexta 6.2% Grupo Godó 3.5%

Table 7.3.3. Hours broadcast in Catalan by TVC. 2010

% in-house % external In-house External productions/total productions/total Station Analogue Digital productions productions Total programmes programmes TV3 X 6,737:44 1,993:25 8,731:09 77.17% 22.83% S3/33 (1) X 545:00:00 531.34 1,076:34 50.62% 49.38% 3/24 X 8,742:48 15:31 8,758:19 99.82% 0.18% CS3/3XL/300 X 3,171:18 5,584:41 8,756:59 36.22% 63.78% 33D X 4,931:28 3,780:51 8,712:20 56.6% 43.4% TV3CAT X 7,890:49 826:04:00 8,716:54 90.52% 9.48% (1) It stopped broadcasting on 15 February 2010.

318 VI. Indicators

Table 7.3.4. Hours of subtitled programmes and percentage of total hours broadcast. 2010

Hours Percentage

TV3 4,347 49.62% 33 5,149 58.77% Super3-300-3XL 6,079 69.39% TV3CAT 4,800 54.79%

Table 7.3.5. Hours of audio described programmes. 2010 Hours per Digital week TV3 376 hours 7 hours 33 116 hours 2 hours Super3-300-3XL 293 hours 5.30 hours

7.4. Catalan Dubbing Service of films for broadcasting on TV

Table 7.4.1. Change in the hours of dubbing on TVC, by categories. 2008-2010

2008 2009 2010 Cinema (15.1%) 394 hours (12.6%) 305 hours (10.7%) 236 hours Series (19.4%) 509 hours (21.4%) 519 hours (18%) 399 hours Cartoons (25.2%) 661 hours (23.2%) 561 hours (25.6%) 565 hours Documentaries (40.3%) 1,057 hours(42.8%) 1,039 hours (45.7%) 1,010 hours Total 2,621 hours 2,424 hours 2,210 hours

Table 7.4.2. Hours provided by the Catalan Dubbing Service. 2010 Station Hours IB3 712 BTV 664 8tv 506 CCLC 515 Miscellaneous distributors 271 Andorra TV 32 Local TV Stations Network 28 Total 2,728

Table 7.4.3. DVDs produced by the Catalan Dubbing Service. 2010 Number of titles Dubbed and subtitled 98 Catalan dubbing only 42 Catalan subtitles only 1 Total 141

319 VI. Indicators

8. JUSTICE

8.1. Catalan courses

Table 8.1.1. Number of courses run by the Department of Justice, by levels. Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city 1 1 2 3 2 9 Barcelona City of Justice and 1 - 2 4 2 9 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North - 1 - 2 2 5 Barcelona South - - - 1 1 2 Girona - - - 2 2 4 Lleida - - - 1 1 2 Tarragona - - 1 1 1 3 Terres de l’Ebre ------Total 2 2 5 14 11 34

Figure 8.1.1. Total courses by levels. Academic year 2009-2010

16 14 14

12 11

10

8

6 5

4 22 2

0 A1 A2 B C J

Table 8.1.2. Total number of civil servants enrolled on face-to-face courses, by level and area. Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city 11 7 19 57 41 135 Barcelona City of Justice and 11 - 18 59 42 130 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North - 8 - 19 22 49 Barcelona South - - - 11 14 25 Girona - - - 20 21 41 Lleida - - 3 11 8 22 Tarragona - - 10 12 14 36 Terres de l’Ebre - - - - - 0 Total 22 15 50 189 162 438

320 VI. Indicators

Table 8.1.3. Number of judges, clerks of court and public prosecutors enrolled on face-to- face courses, by level and area. Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city 8 1 4 3 7 23 Barcelona City of Justice and 1 - 7 1 1 10 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North - - - 2 4 6 Barcelona South - - - 1 2 3 Girona - - - 2 3 5 Lleida - - - - - 0 Tarragona - - - - 1 1 Terres de l’Ebre ------Total 9 1 11 9 18 48

Table 8.1.4. Total number of people enrolled on face-to-face Department of Justice Catalan courses (judges, clerks of the court, public prosecutors and civil servants). Academic year 2009-2010

A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city 19 8 23 60 48 158 Barcelona City of Justice and 12 - 25 60 43 140 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North - 8 - 21 26 55 Barcelona South - - - 12 16 28 Girona - - - 22 24 46 Lleida - - 3 11 8 22 Tarragona - - 10 12 15 37 Terres de l’Ebre - - - - - 0 Total 31 16 61 198 180 486

Table 8.1.5. Number of civil servants enrolled on self-study Department of Justice Catalan courses. Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Lleida - - 2 4 12 18 Barcelona City of Justice and - - 13 20 63 96 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North 3 1 25 41 106 176 Barcelona South 1 2 7 23 51 84 Girona - 3 9 22 56 90 Lleida - 1 4 11 24 40 Tarragona 1 4 11 22 41 79 Terres de l’Ebre - - 1 3 4 8 Total 5 11 72 146 357 591

321 VI. Indicators

Table 8.1.6. Number of judges, clerks of court and public prosecutors enrolled on self- study Department of Justice Catalan courses. Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city - - 3 1 7 11 Barcelona City of Justice and - - 1 5 6 12 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North 3 1 6 12 13 35 Barcelona South 1 - 5 2 3 11 Girona - 3 2 6 4 15 Lleida - - 2 2 4 8 Tarragona 8 2 6 8 5 29 Terres de l’Ebre - - 1 1 0 2 Total 12 6 26 37 42 123

Table 8.1.7. Total number of people enrolled on self-study Department of Justice Catalan courses. Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city - - 5 5 19 29 Barcelona City of Justice and - - 14 25 69 108 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North 6 2 31 53 119 211 Barcelona South 2 2 12 25 54 95 Girona - 6 11 28 60 105 Lleida - 1 6 13 28 48 Tarragona 9 6 17 30 46 108 Terres de l’Ebre - - 2 4 4 10 Total 17 17 98 183 399 714

Table 8.1.8. Total number of people enrolled on Catalan courses (face-to-face and self- study). Academic year 2009-2010

Place / Level A1 A2 B C J Total Barcelona city 19 8 28 65 67 187 Barcelona City of Justice and 12 - 39 85 112 248 l’Hospitalet Barcelona North 6 10 31 74 145 266 Barcelona South 2 2 12 37 70 123 Girona - 6 11 50 84 151 Lleida - 1 9 24 36 70 Tarragona 9 6 27 42 61 145

Terres de l’Ebre - - 2 4 4 10

Total 48 33 159 381 579 1,200

322 VI. Indicators

Figure 8.1.2. Total number of people enrolled on Catalan courses (face-to-face and self- study). Academic year 2009-2010

700

579 600

500

381 400

300

200 159

100 48 33

0 A1 A2 B C J

8.2. Catalan accreditation

Table 8.2.1. Catalan legal language course for lawyers. Enrolments by bar association and certificates. Course October 2009 - March 2010 Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Bar association entitled to take passing the enrolled taking the exam the exam exam Barcelona - - - - Figueres - - - - Girona 4 2 2 1 Granollers 12 3 3 1 Lleida 20 15 10 6 Manresa 2 1 1 1 Mataró - - - - Reus 5 3 1 0 Sabadell 8 4 4 4 Sant Feliu de Llobregat - - - - Tarragona 7 1 0 0 Terrassa - - - - Tortosa 9 2 1 1 Vic - - - - General total 67 31 22 14

Table 8.2.2. Catalan legal language course for lawyers. Enrolments by bar association and certificates. Course February 2010 - June 2010 Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Bar association entitled to take passing the enrolled taking the exam the exam exam Barcelona 31 23 16 8 Figueres 3 3 3 2 Girona - - - 1 Granollers 3 3 3 2 Lleida 8 8 5 2

323 VI. Indicators

Manresa 5 2 2 1 Mataró 6 5 2 -- Reus - - - -- Sabadell 3 3 3 3 Sant Feliu de Llobregat 3 2 2 -- Tarragona 5 5 4 2 Terrassa 3 1 - -- Tortosa 1 1 1 1 Vic 2 1 1 -- General total 73 57 42 20

Table 8.2.3. Catalan level C course for lawyers. Enrolments by bar association and certificates. Course October 2009 - March 2010 Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Bar association entitled to take passing the enrolled taking the exam the exam exam Barcelona 21 9 8 2 Figueres 5 4 4 2 Girona 13 8 7 6 Granollers 12 6 6 4 Lleida 29 19 15 8 Manresa 11 5 4 2 Mataró 11 6 6 4 Reus 8 3 1 1 Sabadell 20 5 5 3 Sant Feliu de Llobregat 20 9 8 4 Tarragona 20 13 10 4 Terrassa 12 4 3 1 Tortosa 12 4 3 3 Vic - - - - General total 194 95 80 44

Table 8.2.4. Catalan level C course for lawyers. Enrolments by bar association and certificates. Course February 2010 - June 2010 Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Bar association entitled to take passing the enrolled taking the exam the exam exam Barcelona 102 56 43 26 Figueres 12 7 5 4 Girona 1 1 1 -- Granollers - - - 1 Lleida 10 5 5 3 Manresa 2 1 1 1 Mataró 1 1 1 1 Reus 4 2 2 2 Sabadell - - - -- Sant Feliu de Llobregat 5 3 2 1 Tarragona 4 2 2 1 Terrassa 1 - - Tortosa 5 3 3 3 Vic 2 - - General total 149 81 65 42

324 VI. Indicators

Table 8.2.5. Number of students who have obtained a Catalan certificate, by levels. Personnel in the Justice Administration. 2010 A basic A elementary B C J Total Barcelona city 6 10 16 22 28 82 Barcelona counties 6 5 15 25 41 92 Girona - 17 10 18 36 Lleida - 14 4 8 17 Tarragona - 1 5 4 6 16 Terres de l’Ebre - - - - 3 3 Total 12 18 47 65 104 246

8.3. Legal translation

Table 8.3.1. Use of the language translator by lawyers. 2010

Translations Number of words Number of documents

Catalan  Spanish 417,623 113 Spanish  Catalan 796,264 473

Table 8.3.2. Geographical distribution of requests for translation and correction of legal documents.

Translations Checking Total

Barcelona city and City of Justice 802 187 989

Barcelona North and South 349 136 485 Girona 446 526 972 Tarragona 372 292 664 Lleida 178 55 233 Terres de l’Ebre 81 122 203 Total 2,228 1,318 3,546

Table 8.3.3. Change in the number of court rulings, by languages. 2005-2010

Language / Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Spanish 173,245 177,086 187,100 201,818 210,563 221,359 Catalan 43,613 39,225 37,695 39,256 39,974 37,645

325 VI. Indicators

Figure 8.3.1. Change in the number of court rulings, by languages. 2005-2010

250,000 221,359 210,563 201,818 200,000 187,100 173,245 177,086

150,000

100,000

43,613 50,000 39,225 37,695 39,256 39,974 37,645

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Spanish Catalan

9. EMPLOYMENT

9.1. Collective bargaining agreements

Table 9.1.1. Sector or company collective bargaining agreements and other documents registered in 2010 by language used

Year 2010 Documents registered Workers covered

Signed in Catalan 125 82,275

Signed in Spanish 103 45,189

Signed in both languages 26 110,180

Total 254 237,644

Table 9.1.2. Change in language used in documents registered. 2007-2010

2007 2008 2009 2010 Language used Number % Number % Number % Number %

Catalan 163 46.8% 135 41.3% 113 42% 125 49.2%

Catalan and 56 16.1% 45 13.7% 43 16% 26 10.2% Spanish

Spanish 129 37.1% 147 45% 115 42% 103 40.5%

Total 348 327 271 254

326 VI. Indicators

Figure 9.1.1. Change in language used in documents registered. 2007-2010

180

160 163 147 140 135 129 125 120 113115 100 103

80

60 56 45 40 43 26 20

0 2007 2008 2009 2010

Catalan Catalan and Spanish Spanish

Table 9.1.3. Change in workers covered, by language. 2007-2010

2007 2008 2009 2010

Language Number % Number % Number % Number % used

Catalan 100,984 12.6% 360,741 68.2% 37,362 9.7% 82,275 34.6%

Catalan and 390,639 48.7% 111,655 21.1% 306,127 80% 45,189 19.0% Spanish

Spanish 310,614 38.7% 56,852 10.7% 40,563 10.3% 110,180 46.3%

Total 802,237 529,248 384,052 237,644

327 VI. Indicators

Figure 9.1.2. Change in workers covered, by language. 2007-2010

450,000 390,639 400,000

350,000 310,614 360,741 306,127 300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000 111,655 110,180

100,000 56,852 100,984 40,563 45,189 50,000 82,275 0 37,362 2007 2008 2009 2010

Catalan Catalan and Spanish Spanish

9.2. Cooperatives

Table 9.2.1. Distribution of the founding of cooperatives, by language and territorial unit. 2010

Total Catalan Percentage Spanish Percentage

Barcelona 72 60 83.3% 12 16.7%

Girona 13 12 92.3% 1 7.3%

Lleida 15 15 100% 0 0%

Tarragona 9 9 100% 0 0%

Terres de l’Ebre 5 5 100% 0 0%

Total 114 101 88.6% 13 11.4%

328 VI. Indicators

Figure 9.2.1. Distribution of the founding of cooperatives, by language and territorial unit. 2010

120.00%

100.00% 0% 0% 0% 7.30% 16.70%

80.00%

60.00%

100% 100% 100% 92.30% 40.00% 83.30%

20.00%

0.00% Barcelona Girona Lleida Tarragona Terres de l’Ebre

Catalan Spanish

Figure 9.2.2. Distribution of the founding of cooperatives, by language. 2010

100.00%

90.00%

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00% 88.60% 40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00% 11.40% 0.00% Catalan Spanish

Catalan Spanish

329 VI. Indicators

9.3. Legal documents

Table 9.3.1. Percentage of documents submitted or written in Catalan by property registrars, by geographical area

January February March April May June July August September October November December Bcn-10 5.0 18.0 3.0 28.0 21.0 21.0 18.0 9.0 30.0 20.0 30.0 10.0 Bcn-17 4.3 4.5 7.9 7.43.9 6.3 5.0 2.0 3.3 3.3 4.0 6.4 Bcn-2 7.0 7.0 7.0 4.08.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 5.0 Berga 80.6 82.5 83.5 87.6 90.3 86.4 88.9 88.6 90.7 90.3 89.2 88.5 Cambrils 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.1 3.0 5.2 1.1 L’Escala 19.0 25.0 29.0 28.0 25.0 51.0 30.0 24.0 28.0 31.0 29.0 31.0 Igualada-1 32.9 30.8 34.6 26.9 36.7 25.9 29.8 32.9 43.2 36.0 32.4 25.1 Igualada2 17.9 24.8 17.5 16.8 18.0 21.2 14.1 16.3 17.2 23.3 19.3 11.0 Lleida-1 7.0 6.0 3.50 6.07.0 3.5 4.7 6.0 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.8 Lleida-4 2.7 4.5 7.0 5.05.0 1.8 1.5 2.5 4.5 3.0 4.5 5.0 Manresa-1 72.0 71.0 72.0 75.0 72.0 71.0 72.0 72.0 73.0 72.0 72.0 76.0 Manresa-2 38.9 35.5 43.1 44.5 51.3 32.2 33.0 21.0 39.4 41.1 42.4 62.0 Mataró-2 18.0 24.7 14.3 18.5 12.0 12.3 12.5 23.1 20.2 12.4 15.7 13.9 Merc-Barcelona 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.74.6 4.0 4.8 3.8 4.5 3.9 4.4 5.1 Mont-Roig 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.00.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 12.6 6.9 Reus-1 15.0 10.0 Reus-2 17.5 18.2 18.6 19.724.3 Reus-3 6.6 3.0 6.1 1.210.3 3.5 5.6 15.8 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Roses 16.3 11.0 15.1 14.1 22.1 15.1 12.8 6.9 8.5 9.4 14.9 12.1 Tarragona-1 6.8 7.3 7.9 6.75.9 5.4 4.7 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Terrassa-3 15.1 11.8 9.5 14.516.9 9.0 13.2 18.1 13.8 12.8 20.4 18.5 Tremp 8.0 8.0 7.0 8.09.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 Valls 36.3 24.4 27.0 34.8 24.0 26.1 23.9 34.4 17.8 25.5 20.9 21.4 Vilanova i la G-1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.01.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.5

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