DOCSLIB.ORG

The Happy Days

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Happy Days CO NTEN TS . EARLY YEAns 1809 THE PR M R OF THE W G ELI INA IES EDDIN . ‘ HA L THE BETROT ‘ C I U C O C O O O O O Q Q O O O C I O O U O O I O I D O O O Q HE R G U D IFFICU LI’ ‘Y T ELI IO S . THE AM BASSADOR EXTR AORDINARY THE WEDDING AT VIENNA THE E l D O O O Q O O D O O C I U I I w O I I . l O C O COMP I GNE O O C O ‘ THE CIVIL THE ENTRANCE INT O I ' O I THE RELIGIOU S XV . P XVI. TIIE TRI IN THE 1810 XVII. THE M H OF JU ONT NE , XVIII THE B AU R . ALL AT THE ST IAN CO TE T N N S . TEE BIRTH OF THE KING O F ROM E THE P M THE BA TIS . SAINT CLOU D AND THE TRIP TO NA POLEON AT THE HEIGHT 0 1" m s POWER -MARIE LOU ISE IN 1812 ’ THE EmpREss s HOU SEHOLD D RESD E NO Q O O C Q I I I I I C O D PRAG E U O C Q Q I . l o . O O Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ‘ THE HAPPY DAYS THE EMPRESS MARIE L OUISE. INTR D CTI O U ON. N 1 814 N ol n n , while ap eo was ba ished in the islan d I Elb Em r of a, the p ess Marie Louise and her grand N l mother, Marie Caroline, Queen of ap es, happen ed Vi n n . d to meet at e a The one , who had been epr ived of the French crown , was seeking to be put in posses m sion of her new real , the Duchy of Parma the other, who had fled from Sicily to escape the yoke of e e o En lish her pret nded prot ct rs , the g , had come to d m n d r t N l e a the es itution of her kingdom of ap es , where Murat continued to rule with the connivance Of s r . a Au t ia This Queen, Marie Caroline, the d ughter Em r h of the great p ess, Maria T eresa, and the sister Of un o the fortunate Marie Ant inette, had passed her life in detestation of the French Revolution and of b Napoleon, of whom she had een one of the most m e inent victims . Well, at the very moment when the Austrian court was doing its best to make Marie Louise forget that she was Napoleon ’s Wife and to MP O 2 THE E RESS MARIE L UISE. separate her from him forever, Marie Caroline was pained to see her granddaughter lend too ready an ear to their suggestions . She said to the Baron de M n l i é eva , who had accompanied Marie Lou se to “ : had in Vienna I have , , my time, very good cause for complaining of your Emperor ; he has pers ecuted — I me and wounded my pride , was then at least fi 4 fteen years old, but now I remember only one — thing, that he is unfortunate . Then she went on to say that if they tried to keep hu sband and wife apart, Marie Louise would have to tie her bedclothes ” n di . to her wi dow and run away in sguise That, ’ she exclaimed, that s what I should do in her place ; for when people are married, they are married for their whole life If a woman like Queen Marie Caroline , a sister of r Marie Antoinette, a queen d iven from her throne by d Napoleon, could feel in this way, it is easy to un er stand the severity with which those of the French who were devoted to the Emperor, regarded the conduct of his ungrateful wife . In the same way, in Josephine , spite of her occasionally frivolous con duct, has retained her popularity, becaus e she was e k t nder, ind, and devoted, even after she was di vor ced ; while Marie Louise has been criticised, in because after lov g, or saying that she loved, the mighty Emperor, she deserted him when he was a prisoner . The contrast between her conduct and that of the wife of King Jerome, the noble and courageous Wur tem ber Catherine of g, who endured every dan NT T 3 I ROD UC ION. h ger, and all sorts of persecutions , to share her us ’ band s exile and poverty, has set in an even clearer light the faults of Marie Louis e . She has been avi blamed for not h ng joined Napoleon at Elba, for not having even tried to temper his suff er ings at Saint s i Helena, for not con ol ng him in any way, for not even writing to him . The former Empress of the French has been also more severely condemned for t — her two morgana ic marriages, one with Count s a an d Of Neipperg, an Au tri n general a bitter enemy w i n Bom belles Napoleon, the other th Cou t de , a Fre nchman who left France to enter the Austri an r w as service . Certainly Ma ie Louise neither a model wife nor a model widow , and there is nothing sur prising in the severity with which her contemporaries hi r judged her, a severity w ch doubtless histo y will hi r not modify. But if t s p incess was guilty, more than one attenuating ci r cums tance may be ur ged in s uld i her defence, and we ho , in just ce, remember that e is it was not without a struggle, without t ars, d tress, r to and many conscientious sc uples, that she decided ’ Obey her father s rigid orders and become again what - she had been before her marriage , simply an Aus trian princess . It must not be forgotten that the Empress Marie w e Louis e, who was in two ays the grandni ce of Queen Marie Antoinette , through her mother Maria r Theresa Of Naples, daughter of Queen Ma ie Caro a line, and through her father the Emperor Fr ncis , son of the Emperor Leopold II . , the brother of the 4 THE EMPRESS MARIE LOUISE. martyred queen , had been brought up to abhor the French Revolution and the Empire which succeeded it . She had been taught from the moment she left d the cra le , that France was the hereditary enemy, h the savage and implacable foe, of her country . W en i d d she was a ch l , Napoleon appeare to her against a un d backgro of blood, like a fatal being, an evil genius , a satanic Corsican, a sort of Antichrist . The few Frenchmen whom she saw at the Austrian cour t é é were migr s , who saw in Napoleon nothing but the fi s sel sh revolutioni t, the friend of the young Robes r pierre, the creature of Bar as, the defender of the 1 3th Of members of the Convention, the man of the d é i Ven mia re, the murderer of the Duke of Enghien , Of the enemy all the thrones of Europe , the author r of the t eachery of Bayonne , the persecutor of the m d i Pope , the excom unicate sovere gn . Twice he had i Of u an d driven Austr a to the brink r in, it had even been said that he wished to destroy it altogether, like a second Poland . The young archduchess had never heard the hero of Austerlitz and Wagram spoken of, ns e except in terms i pired by resentm nt, fear, and . n hatred Could she , then, in a si gle day learn to love the man who always had been held up before the her as a second Attila, as scourge of God ? Hence, when she came to contemplate the possibility of her marriage with him , she was overwhelmed with surprise, terror, and repulsion, and her first idea was to regard herself as a victim to be sacrificed to a fin “ vague Minotaur . We d this word sacrifice on T T IN RODUC ION. 5 the lips of the Aus trian statesmen who most warmly the li favored French al ance, even of those who had ns n cou elled and arra ged the m atch. The Austrian Sw ar tzenber ambassador in Paris , the Prince of g, e r 8 1 810 “I wrot to Mette nich, February , , pity the pr incess ; but let her remember that it is a fin e thing r i to b ng peace to such good people. l And Metternich r 15 Sw a n wrote back, Februa y , to the Prince of r tze “ berg, The Archduchess Mar ie Louis e sees in the m her us suggestion ade to by her aug t father, that Napoleon may include her in his plans , only a means of proving to her beloved father the most absolute u ll r fi devotion . She feels the f force of the sac i ce, but ” her filial love will outw eigh all other considerations . Having been brought up in the habit of severe disci pline and passive obedience, she belonged to a family in which the Austrian prin cesses are regarded as the docile instruments Of the greatness of the Hapsbur gs .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Catherine De' Medici: the Crafting of an Evil Legend
    Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM Catherine de' Medici: The Crafting of an Evil Legend Lindsey J. Donohue Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, History Commons, and the Italian Language and Literature Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Donohue, Lindsey J., "Catherine de' Medici: The Crafting of an Evil Legend" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 23. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/23 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI: THE CRAFTING OF AN EVIL LEGEND Lindsey Donohue Western Civilization February 18, 2020 1 When describing the legend of the evil Italian queen, Catherine de’ Medici, and why Medici has been historically misrepresented, being credited with such malediction and wickedness, N.M Sutherland states that she has been viewed as a, “. .monster of selfish ambition, who sacrificed her children, her adopted country, her principles - if she ever had any - , and all who stood in her way to the satisfaction of her all-consuming desire for power.”1 The legend of the wicked Italian queen held widespread attraction among many, especially after Medici’s death in 1589. The famous legend paints Medici inaccurately by disregarding her achievements as queen regent as well as her constant struggle to administer peace during a time of intense political turmoil and religious feuding, and it assumes that Medici was a victim of circumstance.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeanne D'albret Was the Most Illustrious Woman of Her Time, and Perhaps One of the Most Illustrious Women in All History
    Jeanne D’Albret (1528 – 1572) Jeanne d'Albret was the most illustrious woman of her time, and perhaps one of the most illustrious women in all history. She was the only daughter of Margaret of Valois, Queen of Navarre (and sister of King Francois 1st), whose genius Jeanne inherited, and whom she surpassed in her gifts of governing, and in her more consistent attachment to the Reformation. Her first husband Germany’s Duke of Cleves, to whom she was forced to wed at the age of 12 in 1541, no more consummated the marriage than placing his foot in her bed. Her fine intellect, elevated soul, and deep piety were unequally yoked with Anthony de Bourbon, her second husband in 1549, a man of humane dispositions, but of low tastes, indolent habits, and of paltry character. His marriage with Jeanne d'Albret brought him the title of King of Arragon, whose usurpation was confirmed by Pope Julius II, so King of Navarre; but his wife was a woman of too much sense, and her dominions were restricted to that portion of the ancient Navarre cherished too enlightened a regard for the welfare of her subjects, to which lay on the French side of the Pyrenees. give him more than the title. She took care not to entrust him with the reins of government. "Unstable as water," he spent his life in traveling In 1560, we have said, Jeanne d'Albret made open profession of the between the two camps, the Protestant and the Popish, unable long Protestant faith. In 1563 came her famous edict, dated from her to adhere to either, and heartily despised by both.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles IX (R
    ATROCITY AND RELIGION IN EUROPEAN MEMORY How to Survive a Massacre in Europe’s Wars of Religion Alec Ryrie The Dutch Revolt, or Eighty Years’ War • ‘Wonderyear’, summer 1566 • Repression under the duke of Alba, 1566-72 • The ‘Beggar’ fleet seizes Den Briel, 1572: open revolt begins • Sack of Antwerp, 1576 • Twelve Years’ True, 1609-21 • Peace of Westphalia establishes Dutch independence, 1648 The French Wars of Religion • Protestant (Huguenot) surge, 1560-2 • Charles IX (r. 1560-74) and Queen Mother Catherine de Medici attempt compromise • The duke of Guise leads the hardline Catholic party The massacre at Vassy, 1 March 1562 The French Wars of Religion • Protestant (Huguenot) surge, 1560-2 • Charles IX (r. 1560-74) and Queen Mother Catherine de Medici attempt compromise • The duke of Guise leads the hardline Catholic party • Intermittent warfare 1562-95 The French Wars of Religion • Protestant (Huguenot) surge, 1560-2 • Charles IX (r. 1560-74) and Queen Mother Catherine de Medici attempt compromise • The duke of Guise leads the hardline Catholic party • Intermittent warfare 1562-95 • Edict of Nantes provided limited rights for Protestants, 1598 Braunschweig cathedral interior, 1941 The siege of Leiden, 1573-4 Bones, chewed first by the dogs, were sucked dry by boys, and when a piece of meat fell on the floor at the place where they handed out the meat, they leaped at it and wolfed it down raw. The blood was scooped out of the gutters and slurped down. Pieter Cornelisz Hooft, Nederlandsche Historien (1642) The French crisis • 1570: Peace of Saint-Germain ends the third religious war • 18 August 1572: marriage between Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois, Notre Dame de Paris, • 22 August: failed assassination of Gaspard de Coligny: duke of Guise implicated • 23 August: crisis meetings • 24 August (St Bartholomew’s Day), early morning: murder of Coligny: ‘le roi le veult’ ..
    [Show full text]
  • Historians, Absolute Monarchy and the Provincial Estates
    Cambridge University Press 0521827671 - Provincial Power and Absolute Monarchy: The Estates General of Burgundy, 1661-1790 Julian Swann Excerpt More information chapter 1 Historians, absolute monarchy and the provincial estates the ‘whig interpretation’ of french history After witnessing the rise and often rapid fall of three monarchies, two empires, five republics and the Vichy regime in the space of less than two centuries, the French people can be forgiven a certain scepticism about the durability of both their rulers and the country’s political institutions. Yet through the ruins and debris left by kings, emperors and politicians of every hue, the French have long been able to seek solace in the fact that the state went on forever. The existence of a strong, centralised bureaucracy, simul- taneously loved and loathed by the public, supplied a sense of permanence and reliability denied to the mere mortals who flitted across the political stage. Since at least the early nineteenth century, veneration of the state and a belief in its centralising mission has formed an important part of French national identity. It offered a force for unity that a divided and politically traumatised people could cling to, and, not surprisingly, scholars looked back beyond 1789 in search of its origins. The result was what we might describe as the French version of the Whig schoolof history. Whereas the British exponents of that schoolbelieved that the history of their country could be written in terms of a long and triumphant march from the Magna Carta to parliamentary democracy, the French saw a no less inexorable rise of the state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Penguin Book of Card Games
    PENGUIN BOOKS The Penguin Book of Card Games A former language-teacher and technical journalist, David Parlett began freelancing in 1975 as a games inventor and author of books on games, a field in which he has built up an impressive international reputation. He is an accredited consultant on gaming terminology to the Oxford English Dictionary and regularly advises on the staging of card games in films and television productions. His many books include The Oxford History of Board Games, The Oxford History of Card Games, The Penguin Book of Word Games, The Penguin Book of Card Games and the The Penguin Book of Patience. His board game Hare and Tortoise has been in print since 1974, was the first ever winner of the prestigious German Game of the Year Award in 1979, and has recently appeared in a new edition. His website at http://www.davpar.com is a rich source of information about games and other interests. David Parlett is a native of south London, where he still resides with his wife Barbara. The Penguin Book of Card Games David Parlett PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia) Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia
    [Show full text]
  • LM Findlay in the French Revolution: a History
    L. M. Findlay "Maternity must forth": The Poetics and Politics of Gender in Carlyle's French Revolution In The French Revolution: A History ( 1837), Thomas Carlyle made a remarkable contribution to the history of discourse and to the legiti­ mation and dissemination of the idea of history qua discourse.' This work, born from the ashes of his own earlier manuscript, an irrecover­ able Ur-text leading us back to its equally irrecoverable 'origins' in French society at the end of the eighteenth century, represents a radical departure from the traditions of historical narrative.2 The enigmas of continuity I discontinuity conveyed so powerfully by the events of the Revolution and its aftermath are explored by Carlyle in ways that re-constitute political convulsion as the rending and repair of language as cultural fabric, or. to use terms more post-structuralist than Carlyl­ ean, as the process of rupture/suture in the rhetoric of temporality.3 The French Revolution, at once parodic and poetic, provisional and peremptory, announces itself as intertextual, epigraphic play, before paying tribute to the dialogic imagination in a series of dramatic and reflective periods which resonate throughout the poetry and prose of the Victorian period. In writing what Francis Jeffrey considered "undoubtedly the most poetical history the world has ever seen- and the most moral also,"4 Carlyle created an incurably reflexive idiom of astonishing modernity. And an important feature of this modernity­ indeed, a feature that provides a salutary reminder of the inevitably relative, historically mediated modernity of the discourse of periods earlier than our own - is the employment of countless versions of human gender to characterize and to contain the phenomenon of revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • 12. Juni 2021 Begeistern Ist Einfach
    DIALOGE 14. Mai —12. Juni 2021 Begeistern ist einfach. v.l.n.r. Grob Marco Ealovega, Benjamin Hohenberg, Gregor Fotos: Wenn große Künstler die Bühne betreten. Die Ostsächsische Sparkasse Dresden präsentiert: 21. Mai 2021 | Wiener Philharmoniker, Daniel Harding 23. Mai 2021 | Philharmonisches Staatsorchester Hamburg, Kent Nagano, Jan Vogler 31. Mai 2021 | Till Brönner 12. Juni 2021 | Sting ostsaechsische-sparkasse-dresden.de PARTNER & SPONSOREN DIE DRESDNER MUSIKFESTSPIELE DANKEN HERZLICH FÜR DIE FREUNDLICHE UND GROßZÜGIGE UNTERSTÜTZUNG. Die Dresdner Musikfestspiele sind eine Einrichtung der Landeshauptstadt Dresden und werden mitfinanziert durch Steuermittel auf der Grundlage des vom Sächsischen Landtag beschlossenen Haushaltes. PREMIUMPARTNER KLASSIKPARTNER PROJEKTPARTNER KOOPERATIONSPARTNER DRESDEN KULTUR- UND MEDIENPARTNER Die Dresdner Musikfestspiele sind eine Einrichtung der Landeshauptstadt Dresden und werden mitfinanziert durch Steuermittel auf der Grundlage des vom Sächsischen Landtag beschlossenen Haushaltes. INHALT CONTENTS 1 Grußwort des Oberbürgermeisters 2 Greetings from the Mayor Vorwort des Intendanten 4 Preface of the Intendant Gesellschaft »Freunde der Dresdner Musikfestspiele e. V.« 6 Society of the »Friends of the Dresden Music Festival e. V.« Glashütte Original MusikFestspielPreis 7 Glashütte Original MusicFestivalAward Music Never Sleeps DMF 8 Music Never Sleeps DMF Programm 12 Program Impressionen I - XX Impressions Dresdner Festspielorchester 106 Dresden Festival Orchestra Künstler*innen 108 Artists Spielstätten
    [Show full text]
  • Collecting and Representing Saxon Identity in the Dresden Kunstkammer and Princely Monuments in Freiberg Cathedral
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE International Projects with a Local Emphasis: Collecting and Representing Saxon Identity in the Dresden Kunstkammer and Princely Monuments in Freiberg Cathedral A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History by Daniel A. Powazek June 2020 Thesis Committee: Dr. Kristoffer Neville, Chairperson Dr. Randolph Head Dr. Jeanette Kohl Copyright by Daniel A. Powazek 2020 The Thesis of Daniel A. Powazek is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS International Projects with a Local Emphasis: The Collecting and Representation of Saxon Identity in the Dresden Kunstkammer and Princely Monuments in Freiberg Cathedral by Daniel A. Powazek Master of Arts, Graduate Program in Art History University of California, Riverside, June 2020 Dr. Kristoffer Neville, Chairperson When the Albertine Dukes of Saxony gained the Electoral privilege in the second half of the sixteenth century, they ascended to a higher echelon of European princes. Elector August (r. 1553-1586) marked this new status by commissioning a monumental tomb in Freiberg Cathedral in Saxony for his deceased brother, Moritz, who had first won the Electoral privilege for the Albertine line of rulers. The tomb’s magnificence and scale, completed in 1563, immediately set it into relation to the grandest funerary memorials of Europe, the tombs of popes and monarchs, and thus establishing the new Saxon Electors as worthy peers in rank and status to the most powerful rulers of the period. By the end of his reign, Elector August sought to enshrine the succeeding rulers of his line in an even grander project, a dynastic chapel built into Freiberg Cathedral directly in front of the tomb of Moritz.
    [Show full text]
  • NOTICE of PUBLIC HEARING PLEASE TAKE NOTICE That Pursuant to Article 9 of the New
    NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that pursuant to Article 9 of the New York State Constitution, the provisions of the Town Law and Municipal Home Rule of the State of New York, both as amended, a public hearing will be held in the Town Meeting Pavilion, Hempstead Town Hall, 1 Washington Street, Hempstead, New York, on the 21st day of January, 2020, at 10:30 o'clock in the forenoon of that day to consider the enactment of a local law to amend Chapter 202 of the code of the Town of Hempstead to INCLUDE and REPEAL "REGULATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS" to limit parking at the following locations: GARDEN CITY SOUTH NASSAU BOULEVARD (TH 565/19) West Side Section 202-14 - ONE HOUR PARKING EXCEPT NO PARKING 3 AM TO 6 AM MONDAY AND THURSDAY - starting at a point 30 feet north of the north curbline of Terrace Avenue north for a distance of 246 feet. NASSAU BOULEVARD (TH 565/19) West Side - ONE HOUR PARKING EXCEPT NO PARKING 3 AM TO 6 AM MONDAY AND THURSDAY - start~ng at a point 381 feet north of the north curbline of Terrace Avenue north for a distance of 192 feet. NASSAU BOULEVARD (TH 565/19) East Side - ONE HOUR PARKING EXCEPT NO PARKING 3 AM TO 6 AM MONDAY AND THURSDAY - starting at a point 76 feet north of the north curbline of Terrace Avenue north for a distance of 157 feet. NASSAU BOULEVARD (TH 565/19) East Side - ONE HOUR PARKING EXCEPT NO PARKING 3 AM TO 6 AM MONDAY AND THURSDAY - starting at a point 403 feet north of the north curbline of Terrace Avenue north for a distance of 176 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume V by Edward Gibbon
    HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE By Edward Gibbon VOLUME V This is volume five of the six volumes of Edward Gibbon's History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire. I will be scanning and putting out on the net the remaining volumes as I find time to do this. So have patience. If you find any errors please feel free to notify me of them. I want to make this the best etext edition possible for both scholars and the general public. [email protected] and [email protected] are my email addresses for now. Please feel free to send me your comments and I hope you enjoy this. David Reed History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 5 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks. Part I. Introduction, Worship, And Persecution Of Images. - Revolt Of Italy And Rome. - Temporal Dominion Of The Popes. - Conquest Of Italy By The Franks. - Establishment Of Images. - Character And Coronation Of Charlemagne. - Restoration And Decay Of The Roman Empire In The West. - Independence Of Italy. - Constitution Of The Germanic Body. In the connection of the church and state, I have considered the former as subservient only, and relative, to the latter; a salutary maxim, if in fact, as well as in narrative, it had ever been held sacred. The Oriental philosophy of the Gnostics, the dark abyss of predestination and grace, and the strange transformation of the Eucharist from the sign to the substance of Christ's body, ^1 I have purposely abandoned to the curiosity of speculative divines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Young Americans: Emerson, Walker, and the Early Literature of American Empire
    The Young Americans: Emerson, Walker, and the Early Literature of American Empire Brady Harrison On February 7, 1844, in a lecture read in Boston before the Mercantile Library Association, Ralph Waldo Emerson helped call into being the "Young America" movement, a loose affiliation of political radicals who called for the annexation of Cuba and who believed in America's Manifest Destiny. Opposed to the "Old Fogies" in the Democratic Party, adherents to the movement such as George Sanders and John O' Sullivan sought a sympathetic presidential candidate who could defeat the anti-expansionist Whigs. Yet even as they worked to influence national debates and public policy regarding overseas expansionism, Sanders and O'Sullivan favored the spread of American power through private as much as public interventions. Sanders, editor of The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, lobbied for the repeal of the neutrality laws in order to permit filibusters, or soldiers of fortune, to move against Cuba and Central America.1 O'Sullivan not only tried to persuade James Polk in 1848 to purchase Cuba from Spain, but also raised money, arms, and men for Narcisco Lopez's freebooting missions against the island in the early 1850s. Ever the optimist in his early addresses, Emerson imagined young Americans willingly enlisting them­ selves in "new moral causes"2; the United States, imbued with a generosity arising from Nature, would become the next melioristic agent of social and political progress around the world. If Emerson imagined a gentle America, the supporters of manifest destiny favored supremacy over beneficence, and warped the philosopher's exuberant optimism into violent imperialism.
    [Show full text]