Kiting for Wind Power
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Renewable Energy Grid Integration in New Zealand, Tokyo, Japan
APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 Renewable Energy Grid Integration in New Zealand Workshop on Grid Interconnection Issues for Renewable Energy 12 October, 2010 Tokyo, Japan RDL APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 Coverage Electricity Generation in New Zealand, The Electricity Market, Grid Connection Issues, Technical Solutions, Market Solutions, Problems Encountered Key Points. RDL APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 Electricity in New Zealand 7 Major Generators, 1 Transmission Grid owner – the System Operator, 29 Distributors, 610 km HVDC link between North and South Islands, Installed Capacity 8,911 MW, System Generation Peak about 7,000 MW, Electricity Generated 42,000 GWh, Electricity Consumed, 2009, 38,875 GWh, Losses, 2009, 346 GWh, 8.9% Annual Demand growth of 2.4% since 1974 RDL APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 Installed Electricity Capacity, 2009 (MW) Renew able Hydro 5,378 60.4% Generation Geothermal 627 7.0% Wind 496 5.6% Wood 18 0.2% Biogas 9 0.1% Total 6,528 73.3% Non-Renew able Gas 1,228 13.8% Generation Coal 1,000 11.2% Diesel 155 1.7% Total 2,383 26.7% Total Generation 8,91 1 100.0% RDL APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 RDL APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 Electricity Generation, 2009 (GWh) Renew able Hydro 23,962 57.0% Generation Geothermal 4,542 10.8% Wind 1,456 3.5% Wood 323 0.8% Biogas 195 0.5% Total 30,478 72.6% Non-Renew able Gas 8,385 20.0% Generation Coal 3,079 7.3% Oil 8 0.0% Waste Heat 58 0.1% Total 11,530 27.4% Total Generation 42,008 1 00.0% RDL APEC EGNRET Grid Integration Workshop, 2010 Electricity from Renewable Energy New Zealand has a high usage of Renewable Energy • Penetration 67% , • Market Share 64% Renewable Energy Penetration Profile is Changing, • Hydroelectricity 57% (decreasing but seasonal), • Geothermal 11% (increasing), • 3.5% Wind Power (increasing). -
Meridian Energy
NEW ZEALAND Meridian Energy Performance evaluation Meridian Energy equity valuation Macquarie Research’s discounted cashflow-based equity valuation for Meridian Energy (MER) is $6,463m (nominal WACC 8.6%, asset beta 0.60, TGR 3.0%). We have assumed, in this estimate, that MER receives $750m for its Tekapo A and B assets. Forecast financial model Inside A detailed financial model with explicit forecasts out to 2030 has been completed and is summarised in this report. Performance evaluation 2 Financial model assumptions and commentary Valuation summary 5 We have assessed the sensitivity of our equity valuation to a range of inputs. Financial model assumptions and Broadly, the sensitivities are divided into four categories: generation commentary 7 assumptions, electricity demand, financial and price path. Financial statements summary 15 We highlight and discuss a number of key model input assumptions in the report: Financial flexibility and generation Wholesale electricity price path; development 18 Electricity demand and pricing; Sensitivities 19 The New Zealand Aluminium Smelters (NZAS) supply contract; Alternative valuation methodologies 20 Relative disclosure 21 MER’s generation development pipeline. Alternative valuation methodology We have assessed a comparable company equity valuation for the company of $4,942m-$6,198m. This is based on the current earnings multiples of listed comparable generator/retailers globally. This valuation provides a cross-check of the equity valuation based on our primary methodology, discounted cashflow. This valuation range lies below our primary valuation due, in part, to the recent de-rating of global renewable energy multiples (absolutely and vis-a-vis conventional generators). Relative disclosure We have assessed the disclosure levels of MER’s financial reports and presentations over the last financial period against listed and non-listed companies operating in the electricity generation and energy retailing sector in New Zealand. -
Landscape & Visual Impact Part 5
Perception and Public Consultation SECTION 14 14.1 Perception People’s perception of wind farms is an important issue to consider as the attitude or opinion of individuals adds significant weight to the level of potential visual impact. The opinions and perception of individuals from the local community and broader area were sought and provided through a range of consultation activities. These included: • Community Open House Events; • Community Engagement Research (Telephone Survey); and • Individual stakeholder meetings. The attitudes or opinions of individuals toward wind farms can be shaped or formed through a multitude of complex social and cultural values. Whilst some people would accept and support wind farms in response to global or local environmental issues, others would find the concept of wind farms completely unacceptable. Some would support the environmental ideals of wind farm development as part of a broader renewable energy strategy but do not consider them appropriate for their regional or local area. It is unlikely that wind farm projects would ever conform or be acceptable to all points of view; however, research within Australia as well as overseas consistently suggests that the majority of people who have been canvassed do support the development of wind farms. Wind farms are generally easy to recognise in the landscape and to take advantage of available wind resources are more often located in elevated and exposed locations. The geometrical form of a wind turbine is a relatively simple one and can be visible for some distance beyond a wind farm, and the level of visibility can be accentuated by the repetitive or repeating pattern of multiple wind turbines within a local area. -
Optimal Control of Power Kites for Wind Power Production
FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Optimal Control of Power Kites for Wind Power Production Tiago Costa Moreira Maia PREPARATION FOR THE MSC DISSERTATION Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering Supervisor: Fernando Arménio da Costa Castro e Fontes Co-Supervisor: Luís Tiago de Freixo Ramos Paiva February 7, 2014 c Tiago Costa Moreira Maia, 2014 Abstract Ground based wind energy systems have reached the peak of their capacity. Wind instability, high cost of installations and small power output of a single unit are some of the the limitations of the current design. In order to become competitive the wind energy industry needs new methods to extract energy from the wind. The Earth’s surface creates a boundary layer effect on the wind that increases its speed with altitude. In fact, with altitude the wind is not only stronger, but steadier. In order to capitalize these strong streams new extraction methods were proposed. One of these solutions is to drive a generator using a tethered kite. This concept allows very large power outputs per unit. The major goal of this work is to study a possible trajectory of the kite in order to maximize the power output using an optimal control software - Imperial College London Optimal Control Software (ICLOCS), model and optimize it. i ii Contents 1 Introduction1 1.1 Context . .1 1.2 Motivation . .2 1.3 Objectives . .2 1.4 Document Structure . .2 2 State of the Art5 2.1 High Wind Energy . .5 2.2 High Wind Energy Systems . .6 2.3 The Laddermill . .9 2.3.1 Dynamic Model the Tethered Kite System . -
Use Wind Intelligently. Live Sustain- Ability
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT USE WIND INTELLIGENTLY LIVE SUSTAINABILITY USE WIND INTELLIGENTLY. LIVE SUSTAIN- consolidated net profit 2017 in EUR million, ABILITY. 2016: EUR 141.8 million As a company that is fully aware of its responsi- bilities, through our wind energy systems we aim to contribute to climate-friendly energy gener- ation – and ensure sustainable thinking is em- bedded in all areas of our Company. installed capacity 2017 in MW, WE ARE NORDEX 2016: 2,622 MW THE NORDEX GROUP is one of the world’s lead- ing providers of high-performance wind power systems. The Group unites the two formerly in- dependent manufacturers – Acciona Windpower and Nordex – which complement each other per- fectly. Whereas Acciona Windpower generates employees 2017 at the reporting date, the majority of its revenues from major projects in growth markets, Nordex focuses its business 2016: 5,129 employees activities on Europe. By bundling these business activities, we cover around 90 percent of the markets (excluding China) for onshore systems. As both sections of our Company have different focus areas we can offer suitable wind turbines to meet very different requirements. Our manu- facturing network includes facilities in Germany, Spain, Brazil and India. In 2017 we also estab- lished a technology center in Denmark for rotor energy consumption per installed blade development. Nordex’s focus lies not only capacity 2017 in kWh / MW, on sustainable economic growth but also on 2016: 22,819 kWh / MW taking responsibility and countering the chal- lenges posed by climate change. Our Sustain- ability Strategy forms the foundation for our actions, entitled: ‘Use wind intelligently – live sustainability’. -
The Laddermill - Innovative Wind Energy from High Altitudes in Holland and Australia
Published at: Windpower 06, Adelaide, Australia The Laddermill - Innovative Wind Energy from High Altitudes in Holland and Australia Bas Lansdorp Delft University, The Netherlands Paul Williams RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract The Laddermill is a novel concept to harvest electricity from high altitude winds. The concept’s operating principle is to drive an electric generator using tethered kites. Several kites are deployed to altitudes of more than 1 km by means of a single cable that is connected to a drum on the groundstation. The upper portion of the cable is connected to the high altitude kites, whereas the lower portion of the cable remains wound around the drum. The kites are controlled to pull the cable from the drum, which in turn drives a generator. After most of the cable is pulled off the drum at high tension, the kites are controlled to fly down in a configuration that generates significantly less lift than during the ascent, thereby reducing the cable tension. The lower portion of the tether is retrieved onto the drum and the process is repeated. The concept allows very large power outputs from single units. The Laddermill concept is being studied at Delft University of Technology, with additional assistance from RMIT University. As part of this cooperative effort, Delft has gathered significant practical experience, including successful demonstration of a small-scale 2 kW Laddermill, as well as having investigated alternative groundstation designs and other kite concepts. At RMIT, modelling, optimisation, and control design for the system has been studied. This paper presents a summary of some of these achievements and will report on future plans. -
Comparative Study of Wind Turbine Placement Methods for Flat Wind Farm Layout Optimization with Irregular Boundary
applied sciences Article Comparative Study of Wind Turbine Placement Methods for Flat Wind Farm Layout Optimization with Irregular Boundary Longyan Wang 1,2,3 1 Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] 2 School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada Received: 18 December 2018; Accepted: 11 February 2019; Published: 14 February 2019 Featured Application: The comparative results of the effectiveness of different wind turbine placement methods will facilitate the application of a more advantageous method to be used for the wind farm design, and hence improve the cost effectiveness of wind power exploitation. Abstract: For the exploitation of wind energy, planning/designing a wind farm plays a crucial role in the development of wind farm project, which must be implemented at an early stage, and has a vast influence on the stages of operation and control for wind farm development. As a step of the wind farm planning/designing, optimizing the wind turbine placements is an effective tool in increasing the power production of a wind farm leading to an increased financial return. In this paper, the optimization of an offshore wind farm with an irregular boundary is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of grid and coordinate wind farm design methods. In the study of the grid method, the effect of grid density on the layout optimization results is explored with 20 × 30 and 40 × 60 grid cells, and the means of coping with the irregular wind farm boundary using different wind farm design methods are developed in this paper. -
Challenges for the Commercialization of Airborne Wind Energy Systems
first save date Wednesday, November 14, 2018 - total pages 53 Reaction Paper to the Recent Ecorys Study KI0118188ENN.en.pdf1 Challenges for the commercialization of Airborne Wind Energy Systems Draft V0.2.2 of Massimo Ippolito released the 30/1/2019 Comments to [email protected] Table of contents Table of contents Abstract Executive Summary Differences Between AWES and KiteGen Evidence 1: Tether Drag - a Non-Issue Evidence 2: KiteGen Carousel Carousel Addendum Hypothesis for Explanation: Evidence 3: TPL vs TRL Matrix - KiteGen Stem TPL Glass-Ceiling/Threshold/Barrier and Scalability Issues Evidence 4: Tethered Airfoils and the Power Wing Tethered Airfoil in General KiteGen’s Giant Power Wing Inflatable Kites Flat Rigid Wing Drones and Propellers Evidence 5: Best Concept System Architecture KiteGen Carousel 1 Ecorys AWE report available at: https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a874f843-c137-11e8-9893-01aa75ed 71a1/language-en/format-PDF/source-76863616 or https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329044800_Study_on_challenges_in_the_commercialisatio n_of_airborne_wind_energy_systems 1 FlyGen and GroundGen KiteGen remarks about the AWEC conference Illogical Accusation in the Report towards the developers. The dilemma: Demonstrate or be Committed to Design and Improve the Specifications Continuous Operation as a Requirement Other Methodological Errors of the Ecorys Report Auto-Breeding Concept Missing EroEI Energy Quality Concept Missing Why KiteGen Claims to be the Last Energy Reservoir Left to Humankind -
A Case Study in the Social and Historical Context of Wind Energy Development in Southern Mexico
enticed by the wind A Case Study in the Social and Historical Context of Wind Energy Development in Southern Mexico 1 WILSON CENTER LEADERSHIP The Honorable Jane Harman, Director, President, and CEO BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Honorable Thomas R. Nides, Chairman Public members: The Honorable James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress The Honorable John F. Kerry, Secretary, U.S. Department of State David Skorton, Secretary, The Smithsonian Institution The Honorable Arne Duncan, Secretary of Education The Honorable David Ferriero, Archivist of the United States William Adams, Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities The Honorable Sylvia Mathews Burwell, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Designated Appointee of the President from within the Federal Government The Honorable Fred P. Hochberg, Chairman and President, Export-Import Bank of the United States Private Citizen members: Peter Beshar, John T. Casteen III, Thelma Duggin, Lt. Gen. Susan Helms, USAF (Ret.), The Honorable Barry S. Jackson, Nathalie Rayes, Earl W. Stafford, Jane Watson Stetson WILSON NATIONAL CABINET The Honorable Joseph Gildenhorn and Willem Kooyker Mrs. Alma Gildenhorn, Co-Chairs The Honorable Raymond Learsy and Eddie and Sylvia Brown *Ms. Melva Bucksbaum Dr. Armeane and Mrs. Mary Choksi Linda B. and Tobia G. Mercuro The Honorable Sue Cobb and The Honorable Thomas R. Nides The Honorable Chuck Cobb Nathalie Rayes Lester Crown Wayne Rogers Thelma Duggin B. Francis Saul II Judi Flom Ginny and L.E. Simmons Sander R. Gerber Diana Davis Spencer Harman Family Foundation Jane Watson Stetson Susan Hutchison Leo Zickler Frank F. Islam *Deceased The Winds of History In 1946, Basil Nikiforoff et al. -
Airborne Wind Energy Systems
AIRBORNE WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS LEADING WITH PURPOSE Developing technologies that make the ener- gy transition real has been a lifetime task for SkySails’ CEO and Founder Stephan Wrage. Flying his kite at the beach as a teenager and impressed by its force, he wondered how to make use of this free and clean resource. Right after completing his engineering studies, he started by developing a solution that imple- ments kites to tow vessels and reduces their fuel consumption. His endeavor to play one’s part to achieve a more sustainable future also forms the baseline of our company. WIND POWER: UNLEASHING ITS TRUE POTENTIAL The Key to 100% Renewables Power Kites: “Sending it” to New Heights A total shift to renewable energy is among hu- Automatic power kites are at our vision’s core. They manity’s greatest challenges. In this global energy can harness the wind’s untapped supplies at alti- transition, wind power plays a crucial role. It is one tudes of up to 400 meters, and we were the first of the most cost-efficient, abundant and environmen- company in the world to develop an industrial tally friendly energy sources. But conventional wind application. Now, our solution is ready for scale-up. technology is unable to exploit this resource where SkySails kites are lightweight and highly efficient it is most potent: at high altitudes. Now, we offer and will profoundly alter wind energy’s impact in an airborne system that revolutionizes how the wind achieving the global energy transition. is harnessed and converted into electricity. We be- lieve it is the key that will unlock 100% renewables around the clock. -
Aerial Wind Turbine
Aerial Wind Turbine A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the faculty Of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted By: Kevin Martinez Andrew McIsaac Devin Thayer Advisor: Professor Gretar Tryggvason Date: April 30, 2009 Abstract: Land based wind turbines are not used to their fullest potential due to the inconsistency of wind near the earth’s surface. The goal was to determine if a structure could be designed and built to harness wind energy at high altitudes. Using a non-rigid airship, a design was created to lift wind turbines up to a desired height while still achieving a moderate power output. 2 Executive Summary: The rising cost of oil is increasing the need to find alternative energy sources. One source is harnessing the power of wind which is less harmful to the environment. Commonly, wind turbines are fixed to the ground and can only reach heights of up to 125 meters. There are also issues with the consistency of the wind speeds and direction at these heights. Wind turbines installed at these heights do not produce as much power as they could due to the inconsistency of the winds. The goal of this project was to determine a way to elevate the turbines up to heights of 300 meters using a lighter than air structure. At this altitude, the wind speeds are more constant and the direction of the wind does not vary. With these two factors significantly improved, the turbines operate at their maximum potential. Many steps were involved to reach these goals. -
Niche Strategy Selection for Kite-Based Airborne Wind Energy
Niche strategy selection for kite-based Airborne Wind Energy technologies Delft University of Technology of University Delft Cover illustration: posted on RunGloriaRun-blog [source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- M4kYBctwGGU/U1XCK9SBbAI/AAAAAAAAJa0/CY2uu1l3dwo/s1600/kite+-+flying3.JPG ] Niche strategy selection For kite-based Airborne Wind Energy technologies By Matthew F.A. Doe in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Sustainable Energy Technology at the Delft University of Technology, to be defended publicly on Monday December 15, 2014 at 10:30. Graduation committee: Chairman: Prof. dr. C. P. Beers TU Delft Supervisors: Dr. J. R. Ortt TU Delft Dr. L. M. Kamp TU Delft An electronic version of this thesis is available at http://repository.tudelft.nl/. Foreword I would like to express my gratitude to following people for their input and support, without which this thesis would not have been possible: J.R. Ortt and L.M. Kamp for giving me the opportunity to undertake this ambitious thesis, despite that I am new to the social sciences as an engineer, and showing patience and guidance as supervisors while I learnt and improved a lot during this thesis. The members of Kitepower group at the Delft University of Technology, particularly Dr.-Ing. R. Schmehl, for inspiring me to do this thesis (as case). And along with other leading figures in the kite-based AWE world, for making time and effort for the interviews conducted in the thesis. I would like to thank my father for his relentless support and love during this thesis, and of course before it as well as.