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Antigua and the Antiguans, Volume I (Of 2) - a Full Account of the Colony and Its Inhabitants from the - Time of the Caribs to the Present Day

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Antigua and the Antiguans, Volume I (Of 2) - a Full Account of the Colony and Its Inhabitants from the - Time of the Caribs to the Present Day Antigua and the Antiguans, Volume I (of 2) - A full account of the colony and its inhabitants from the - time of the Caribs to the present day By Anonymous English A Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book This book is indexed by ISYS Web Indexing system to allow the reader find any word or number within the document. ANTIGUA AND THE ANTIGUANS: A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE COLONY AND ITS INHABITANTS FROM THE TIME OF THE CARIBS TO THE PRESENT DAY, Interspersed with Anecdotes and Legends. ALSO, AN IMPARTIAL VIEW OF SLAVERY AND THE FREE LABOUR SYSTEMS; THE STATISTICS OF THE ISLAND, AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THE PRINCIPAL FAMILIES. “Sworn to no party, of no sect am I.”—Pope. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON SAUNDERS AND OTLEY, CONDUIT STREET. 1844. TO THE HONBLE ROWLAND EDWARD WILLIAMS, LATE CAPTAIN IN THE 10th REGIMENT OF HUSSARS, ONE OF HER MAJESTY’S PRIVY COUNCIL IN ANTIGUA, THE LINEAL DESCENDANT OF THE FIRST WHITE CHILD BORN IN THAT ISLAND, AND THE FRIEND AND BENEFACTOR OF ITS INHABITANTS OF EVERY HUE AND COLOUR, This Work, DESCRIPTIVE OF ANTIGUA AND THE ANTIGUANS, IS, BY HIS KIND PERMISSION, INSCRIBED BY HIS FAITHFUL AND OBLIGED SERVANT, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. Although in the present day the writing of a preface may be considered almost a work of supererogation on the part of an author, since it is that portion of a work seldom or ever looked into, still, as custom demands the form, and there may be some among my readers Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book Page 1 who may desire to learn what first led me to undertake this work, I am induced to follow the fashion, more especially as on one or two points I am desirous of offering a few words of comment and explanation. Not being a native of the West Indies, and visiting that part of the world for the first time at an age when all looks bright around us, the novelty of the scenes which passed before my eyes struck me forcibly, and induced me to make notes of the impressions I then received. Pursuing the same practice at subsequent visits, and during prolonged residences, in process of time my memoranda expanded to a considerable bulk.The increasing interest I took in everything relating to Antigua, led me to inquire into its early history, and to search out the origin of the numerous ancient families whose descendants have resided in the island from the period of its colonization. Some of my friends in the island who had become acquainted with my pursuits, were gratified by the specimens of my labours, which were exhibited to them, and urged me to throw my scattered notes into form. I yielded to their solicitations, and the result has been the following pages, which, while they afford a condensed history of the colony from its earliest days, present also a record of the impressions produced on one, at first, fresh from English society, but now, by long continued residence, become almost an Antiguan; having, it is hoped, lost all relics of English prejudice, but not become so biassed by her new connexions, or blinded by the many charms of Antigua or Antiguan society, as to hold the scales of justice unevenly. Having been resident in Antigua both before and after the passing of the Emancipation Act, and having had ample opportunity of judging of the practical effects of that memorable event, the observations I have made with relation to it may not be considered altogether unimportant. In perusing the early history of the colony, the English reader may be surprised to find how many men of family became early settlers in the West Indies; but when the eager spirit of adventure which immediately followed the enterprises of the Spaniards, and was so eminently conspicuous in the days of Elizabeth, is called to mind—when the causes which drove the “pilgrim fathers” forth are recollected, together with the numerous emigrations which took place from England, when the Royalists, in their turn forced to become fugitives, mostly sought a refuge in the West Indies, at first a safe and sanctioned asylum, till the very amount of the fresh influx of Royalist opinions made the West Indies a thorn in Cromwell’s side, and compelled him to have recourse to strong measures to secure their obedience to his will,—when all these causes are considered, it becomes no longer a matter of wonder that much of the best blood of England runs in the veins of the people, not only of Antigua, but of the West India islands generally. In justice to the character of the country which I have learned to love, I must, although unwillingly, notice another and a most painful subject. I refer to the exceedingly harsh laws passed respecting the slaves, and the shocking executions of those concerned in the insurrection in 1736. In relation to the former point, it is sufficient to observe that such laws are almost inseparable from the institution of slavery itself, and that the stigma affected the mother country equally with her colonies, while it redounds to the honour of Antigua Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book Page 2 that she was the first to announce unbounded freedom to her slave population.With respect to the barbarous executions, they would not be tolerated in Antigua at the present day, even had she continued to be a slave-dealing colony; and they can only in justice be referred to a state of society when the practice of torture had hardly fallen into desuetude in the civil courts of Europe, when the Inquisition was in full glory, when, only a few years before, the politest capital in the world had looked unmoved on “Luke’s iron crown, and Damien’s bed of steel,” and criminals continued to be strung up by dozens in England (and for many long years after) for offences which, in the present advanced state of society, no civilized state would visit with the punishment of death. What wonder, then, that at such a period, and under such alarming circumstances, the Antiguans should have shewn themselves cruel and barbarous? Before I conclude, I must not omit to tender my acknowledgments to the numerous friends who have kindly afforded me assistance in the course of my work, among whom let me make grateful mention of Edward S. Byam, Esq., the Rev. and Hon. Burgh Byam, Col. Byam, Dr. Furgusson, Nathaniel Humphreys, Esq., Deputy Colonial Secretary in Antigua, (to which latter gentleman I was indebted for access to the Records of the island,) to John Furlong, Esq., (who obliged me with the will of Governor Parke,) Registrar of Antigua, to ——— Edmead, Esq., to Captain George B. Mathew, of the Guards, the Rev. D. F. Warner, and others. In conclusion, may the Great Giver of all good pour down His choicest blessings upon this beautiful and favoured little island; may her legislators be ably endowed in all true principles of jurisprudence; may her planters be blest with kindly showers, so that their golden canes may raise their “tall plumes” in luxuriance; may her merchants, the prop of every civilized state, be prosperous—her peasantry happy and good, as they are free; and, finally, may her ministers (of every denomination) be long spared to watch over and pray for her teeming inhabitants, that one choral song of praise may resound from every quarter and from every tongue. The Author. CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. CHAPTER I. General Description of the Island—Appearance—Soil—Productions— Climate—Early history—Discovery by Columbus—Attempted settlement by Spaniards—Grant to Earl of Carlisle—Settlement by d’Esnambuc—Williams—Governor Warner—Account of Sir Thomas Warner, founder of the family CHAPTER II. History of the island continued—Sir Henry Hunks—Descent of the Caribs—Legend of Ding-a-ding Nook—Arrival of the Ship Nonsuch— Sir Thomas Modiford—Earl of Warwick, Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book Page 3 Captain-General—Captain Edward Warner—Colonel Rich—Colonel Lake—Mr. Everard—Sir George Ayscue—Colonel Christopher Reynall—Invasion by the Caribs— Dissensions among the inhabitants—Copy of Colonel Reynall’s letter to Cromwell—Attack upon St. Domingo and Jamaica— Major-General Poyntz—Grant of Antigua to Lord F. Willoughby CHAPTER III. Rupture between France and England—War in the West Indies—Loss of Lord Francis Willoughby—Colonel Carden—Capture of Antigua by the French forces under M. de la Barre—Colonel Fitche— Restoration of Antigua by the Treaty of Breda—Death of Colonel Carden—Biographical notices CHAPTER IV. Governors: Lord William Willoughby, Henry Willoughby—Arrival of Major, afterwards Lieutenant-General Byam, the progenitor of the family of that name—Biographical remarks—Partition of the Caribbee Islands—Sir William Stapleton—General Council and Assembly—Colonel Philip Warner—Expedition against the Caribs— Death of Indian Warner—Arrest and trial of Colonel P. Warner— Acquittal—Dampier’s account of this affair—Captain Southey’s History of the Indian Warner CHAPTER V. Governor Col. R. Williams—Biographical remarks—Towns of trade appointed—Antigua divided into parishes—Sir Nathaniel Johnson appointed captain-general and governor-in-chief—Colonel Codrington—Remarks upon this family—Invasion of Antigua by a French privateer—Attack upon Guadeloupe by the English— Expedition to St. Christopher’s—Gallant conduct of Colonel Williams and Colonel Willoughby Byam—Sir Francis Wheeler’s expedition—Wilmot and Lillingston’s expedition—Death of the captain-general, General Codrington—Colonel John Yeamans, lieutenant-governor—Arrival of Admiral Benbow CHAPTER VI. Governor Colonel Christopher Codrington—Establishment of the first market—Accession of Queen Anne—Arrival of Admiral Benbow— Attack upon the island of Guadaloupe, in conjunction with the Antiguan troops—Bravery of Colonel Edward Byam—Arrival of Captain Hovenden Walker—Second attack upon Guadaloupe—Colonel Codrington quits the government—His death—Sir William Mathew— Hon.
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