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The Carrying Trade and the First Railways in England, C1750-C1850
The Carrying Trade and the First Railways in England, c1750-c1850 Carolyn Dougherty PhD University of York Railway Studies November 2018 Abstract Transport and economic historians generally consider the change from moving goods principally on roads, inland waterways and coastal ships to moving them principally on railways as inevitable, unproblematic, and the result of technological improvements. While the benefits of rail travel were so clear that most other modes of passenger transport disappeared once rail service was introduced, railway goods transport did not offer as obvious an improvement over the existing goods transport network, known as the carrying trade. Initially most railways were open to the carrying trade, but by the 1840s railway companies began to provide goods carriage and exclude carriers from their lines. The resulting conflict over how, and by whom, goods would be transported on railways, known as the carrying question, lasted more than a decade, and railway companies did not come to dominate domestic goods carriage until the 1850s. In this study I develop a fuller picture of the carrying trade than currently exists, highlighting its multimodal collaborative structure and setting it within the ‘sociable economy’ of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century England. I contrast this economy with the business model of joint-stock companies, including railway companies, and investigate responses to the business practices of these companies. I analyse the debate over railway company goods carriage, and identify changes in goods transport resulting from its introduction. Finally, I describe the development and outcome of the carrying question, showing that railway companies faced resistance to their attempts to control goods carriage on rail lines not only from the carrying trade but also from customers of goods transport, the government and the general public. -
21St November 2020
Ulverston News Welcome to our fortnightly newsletter, covering Ulverston events and community matters. We also send email and SMS alerts regarding significant incidents. Website: Ulverston.com Facebook: Ulverston News Phone: 01229 357951 Coming soon: Ulverston Resilience Group is currently being formed, to provide sustained support to the community, helping the vulnerable, being "good neighbours", and to respond quickly to major incidents. Watch this space! Ulverston Self Isolation Group If you are elderly, vulnerable, lonely or need help, then we are here for you. Please call us on 01229 357951, and leave a message via Option 1. We aim to call you back within a day. All pharmacies in Ulverston are open and do deliveries to those who need them. Please request repeat prescriptions from your GP or via an approved app such as MyGP or Patient Access, and allow 3 working days for processing. Prescription collections may take a little longer than usual and you may have to queue outside, so wrap up warm if the weather is cold. Our Cards for Care Homes project is well underway. We are collecting cards, letters, and small gifts for care home residents. We would really appreciate your help. See further details at the foot of this newsletter. Cumbria County Council update Across Cumbria data indicates that in most parts of the county the infection rate is beginning to stabilise, with all areas now below the England average. However, concerns remain particularly for South Lakeland and Barrow which both saw significant increases in new cases in the week ending 13th November, up 42% and 32% respectively from the previous week. -
Early Church History to the Death Of
EARLY CHURCH HISTORY. LOJ:,DON ! PRINTED BY WBST, NBWMAN AND CO., HATTON GARDBN, E.C. .l\fm;aic of I->erpetua in the Archbishop's Palace, Ravenna. Copied from the oriyinal by Ed1card Backhou.se. EARLY CHURCH HISTOliY 6to tbt :llltatb of Ql;onstantittt. COMPILED BY THE LATE EDWARD BACKHOUSE. EDITED AND ENLARGED BY CHARLES TYLOR. WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL PREFACE BY DR. HODGKIN. ~birh CIDhition. LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & Co., LIMITED. 1892. Christus Verita.tem se non Consuetudin£m cognominavit.-TERTULLIAN. Consuetudo sine veritate vetustas errori est.-CYPRIAN. It may be that suspense of judgment and exercise of charity were safer and seemlier for Christian men, than the hot pursuit of controversies, wherein they that are most fervent to dispute be not always the most able to determine. But who are on his side, and who against Him, our Lord in his good time shall reveal.-H0OKER. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE first issue hiwing been exhausted in less than eighteen months, a second edition is now presented to the reader. The whole work has been revised with much care, many parts have been amplified, and some have been recast. Acknowledgments are due fur sug gestions to several friendly reviewers in the current periodicals. The chief new feature in the present edition is the introduction of the Teaching of the Tirelve Apostles, a treatise of the Primitive Church recently discovered at Constantinople, and published whilst our History was passing through the press. The treatise will be found entire, with some introductory remarks, at page 134, where it forms an Appendix to Part I. -
Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This Collection Was the Gift of Howard J
Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This collection was the gift of Howard J. Garber to Case Western Reserve University from 1979 to 1993. Dr. Howard Garber, who donated the materials in the Howard J. Garber Manuscript Collection, is a former Clevelander and alumnus of Case Western Reserve University. Between 1979 and 1993, Dr. Garber donated over 2,000 autograph letters, documents and books to the Department of Special Collections. Dr. Garber's interest in history, particularly British royalty led to his affinity for collecting manuscripts. The collection focuses primarily on political, historical and literary figures in Great Britain and includes signatures of all the Prime Ministers and First Lords of the Treasury. Many interesting items can be found in the collection, including letters from Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning Thomas Hardy, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, King George III, and Virginia Woolf. Descriptions of the Garber Collection books containing autographs and tipped-in letters can be found in the online catalog. Box 1 [oversize location noted in description] Abbott, Charles (1762-1832) English Jurist. • ALS, 1 p., n.d., n.p., to ? A'Beckett, Gilbert A. (1811-1856) Comic Writer. • ALS, 3p., April 7, 1848, Mount Temple, to Morris Barnett. Abercrombie, Lascelles. (1881-1938) Poet and Literary Critic. • A.L.S., 1 p., March 5, n.y., Sheffield, to M----? & Hughes. Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon (1784-1860) British Prime Minister. • ALS, 1 p., June 8, 1827, n.p., to Augustous John Fischer. • ANS, 1 p., August 9, 1839, n.p., to Mr. Wright. • ALS, 1 p., January 10, 1853, London, to Cosmos Innes. -
Winter 2017 Antonia Pugh-Thomas
Drumming up something new WINTER 2017 ANTONIA PUGH-THOMAS Haute Couture Shrieval Outfits for Lady High Sheriffs 0207731 7582 659 Fulham Road London, SW6 5PY www.antoniapugh-thomas.co.uk Volume 36 Issue 2 Winter 2017 The High Sheriffs’ Association of England and Wales President J R Avery Esq DL 14 20 Officers and Council November 2016 to November 2017 OFFICERS Chairman The Hon HJH Tollemache 30 38 Email [email protected] Honorary Secretary J H A Williams Esq Gatefield, Green Tye, Much Hadham Hertfordshire SG10 6JJ Tel 01279 842225 Email [email protected] Honorary Treasurer N R Savory Esq DL Thorpland Hall, Fakenham Norfolk NR21 0HD Tel 01328 862392 Email [email protected] COUNCIL Col M G C Amlôt OBE DL Canon S E A Bowie DL Mrs E J Hunter D C F Jones Esq DL JAT Lee Esq OBE Mrs VA Lloyd DL Lt Col AS Tuggey CBE DL W A A Wells Esq TD (Hon Editor of The High Sheriff ) Mrs J D J Westoll MBE DL Mrs B Wilding CBE QPM DL The High Sheriff is published twice a year by Hall-McCartney Ltd for the High Sheriffs’ Association of England and Wales Hon Editor Andrew Wells Email [email protected] ISSN 1477-8548 4 From the Editor 13 Recent Events – 20 General Election © 2017 The High Sheriffs’ Association of England and Wales From the new Chairman The City and the Law The Association is not as a body responsible for the opinions expressed 22 News – from in The High Sheriff unless it is stated Chairman’s and about members that an article or a letter officially 6 14 Recent represents the Council’s views. -
Reminder List of Productions Eligible for the 90Th Academy Awards Alien
REMINDER LIST OF PRODUCTIONS ELIGIBLE FOR THE 90TH ACADEMY AWARDS ALIEN: COVENANT Actors: Michael Fassbender. Billy Crudup. Danny McBride. Demian Bichir. Jussie Smollett. Nathaniel Dean. Alexander England. Benjamin Rigby. Uli Latukefu. Goran D. Kleut. Actresses: Katherine Waterston. Carmen Ejogo. Callie Hernandez. Amy Seimetz. Tess Haubrich. Lorelei King. ALL I SEE IS YOU Actors: Jason Clarke. Wes Chatham. Danny Huston. Actresses: Blake Lively. Ahna O'Reilly. Yvonne Strahovski. ALL THE MONEY IN THE WORLD Actors: Christopher Plummer. Mark Wahlberg. Romain Duris. Timothy Hutton. Charlie Plummer. Charlie Shotwell. Andrew Buchan. Marco Leonardi. Giuseppe Bonifati. Nicolas Vaporidis. Actresses: Michelle Williams. ALL THESE SLEEPLESS NIGHTS AMERICAN ASSASSIN Actors: Dylan O'Brien. Michael Keaton. David Suchet. Navid Negahban. Scott Adkins. Taylor Kitsch. Actresses: Sanaa Lathan. Shiva Negar. AMERICAN MADE Actors: Tom Cruise. Domhnall Gleeson. Actresses: Sarah Wright. AND THE WINNER ISN'T ANNABELLE: CREATION Actors: Anthony LaPaglia. Brad Greenquist. Mark Bramhall. Joseph Bishara. Adam Bartley. Brian Howe. Ward Horton. Fred Tatasciore. Actresses: Stephanie Sigman. Talitha Bateman. Lulu Wilson. Miranda Otto. Grace Fulton. Philippa Coulthard. Samara Lee. Tayler Buck. Lou Lou Safran. Alicia Vela-Bailey. ARCHITECTS OF DENIAL ATOMIC BLONDE Actors: James McAvoy. John Goodman. Til Schweiger. Eddie Marsan. Toby Jones. Actresses: Charlize Theron. Sofia Boutella. 90th Academy Awards Page 1 of 34 AZIMUTH Actors: Sammy Sheik. Yiftach Klein. Actresses: Naama Preis. Samar Qupty. BPM (BEATS PER MINUTE) Actors: 1DKXHO 3«UH] %LVFD\DUW $UQDXG 9DORLV $QWRLQH 5HLQDUW] )«OL[ 0DULWDXG 0«GKL 7RXU« Actresses: $GªOH +DHQHO THE B-SIDE: ELSA DORFMAN'S PORTRAIT PHOTOGRAPHY BABY DRIVER Actors: Ansel Elgort. Kevin Spacey. Jon Bernthal. Jon Hamm. Jamie Foxx. -
In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations). -
The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c. -
The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive, 1803 to 1898 (1899)
> g s J> ° "^ Q as : F7 lA-dh-**^) THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAM LOCOMOTIVE (1803 to 1898.) BY Q. A. SEKON, Editor of the "Railway Magazine" and "Hallway Year Book, Author of "A History of the Great Western Railway," *•., 4*. SECOND EDITION (Enlarged). £on&on THE RAILWAY PUBLISHING CO., Ltd., 79 and 80, Temple Chambers, Temple Avenue, E.C. 1899. T3 in PKEFACE TO SECOND EDITION. When, ten days ago, the first copy of the " Evolution of the Steam Locomotive" was ready for sale, I did not expect to be called upon to write a preface for a new edition before 240 hours had expired. The author cannot but be gratified to know that the whole of the extremely large first edition was exhausted practically upon publication, and since many would-be readers are still unsupplied, the demand for another edition is pressing. Under these circumstances but slight modifications have been made in the original text, although additional particulars and illustrations have been inserted in the new edition. The new matter relates to the locomotives of the North Staffordshire, London., Tilbury, and Southend, Great Western, and London and North Western Railways. I sincerely thank the many correspondents who, in the few days that have elapsed since the publication: of the "Evolution of the , Steam Locomotive," have so readily assured me of - their hearty appreciation of the book. rj .;! G. A. SEKON. -! January, 1899. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. In connection with the marvellous growth of our railway system there is nothing of so paramount importance and interest as the evolution of the locomotive steam engine. -
History Theory
KNOWLEDGEshapero rare books SCIENCE commerce history leviathan philosophy the bible speculation mathematics bubbles encyclopaedia women’s rights ideas education theory poverty geometryexperiment plato reason euclid trade sociology analysis population evolution UNDERSTANDING money Shapero Rare Books 1 Four Centuries of KNOWLEDGE 1525-1891 Shapero Rare Books Four Centuries of KNOWLEDGE 1525-1891 32 Saint George Street, London W1S 2EA Tel: +44 207 493 0876 • [email protected] • www.shapero.com FINE RENAISSANCE ATLAS 1. PTOLEMAEUS, CLAUDIUS. Geographicae enarrationis libri octo bilibaldo pirckeymhero interprete, annotationes joannis de regio monte in errores commissos a jacobo angelo in translatione sua. Johannes Grüninger for Johannes Koberger, Strassburg, 3 April 1525. A FINE EXAMPLE OF THE FOURTH STRASSBURG EDITION OF PTOLEMY. THE WORK INCLUDES THE FIRST PRINTED MAP IN AN EDITION OF PTOLEMY TO NAME AMERICA, THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF SOUTHEAST ASIA, AND THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF CHINA. The list of contributors is a veritable ‘who’s who’ of German Renaissance publishing: the text was translated by Wilibald Pirckheimer, using the notes of Johannes Regiomontanus, perhaps under the editorship of Johann Huttich; the ornamental woodblock designs on the reverse of the maps are attributed to Albrecht Duerer, who also contributed the woodblock of the armillary sphere. The present edition was printed for Johann Koberger by Johann Grüninger, using the woodblocks of the first Grüninger edition of 1522. The woodcut maps in the trapezoid shape developed by the German cartographer Nicolaus Germanus in 1460 comprise 27 maps according to Ptolemy as well as 23 “modern“ maps (Tabula Moderna) according to the knowledge of the time. -
Julius CAESAR
CLASSIC DRAMA UNABRIDGED William Shakespeare Julius Caesar Read by Andrew Buchan, Paul Rhys and cast Directed by David Timson 1 Act I Scene i 4:08 2 Scene ii 4:21 3 Cassius – I know that virtue to be in you, Brutus… 4:23 4 Re-enter Caesar and his train 6:28 5 Scene iii 1:54 6 Enter Cassius 4:25 7 Enter Cinna 1:23 8 Act II Scene i 0:35 9 Brutus – It must be by his death and for my part… 5:05 10 Enter the conspirators, Cassius, Casca, Decius Brutus, Cinna etc. 7:27 11 Enter Portia 4:48 12 Re-enter Lucius with Ligarius 1:27 13 Scene ii 0:22 14 Enter Calpurnia 2:46 15 Enter Decius Brutus 2:45 16 Enter Publius, Brutus, Ligarius, Metellus, Casca, Trebonius etc. 0:25 17 Enter Antony 0:48 18 Scene iii 1:00 19 Scene iv 1:13 20 Enter the Soothsayer 1:26 2 21 Act III Scene i 3:43 22 Casca and the other conspirators stab Caesar 1:09 23 Re-enter Trebonius 1:22 24 Enter a servant 1:12 25 Enter Antony 5:50 26 Antony – O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth… 2:54 27 Act III Scene ii 0:45 28 Brutus – Be patient till the last… 2:12 29 Enter Antony and others, with Caesar’s body 1:47 30 Antony – Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears… 5:15 31 Antony comes down from the pulpit 6:09 32 Enter a servant 0:32 33 Scene iii 1:53 34 Act IV Scene i 2:26 35 Scene ii 1:32 36 Enter Cassius and his Powers 0:53 37 Scene iii 6:25 38 Enter Poet, followed by Lucilius, Titinius and Lucius 1:41 39 Enter Lucius, with wine and taper 0:26 40 Enter Titinius, with Messala 4:06 3 41 Enter Lucius with the gown 0:21 42 Enter Varrus and Claudio 2:38 43 Enter the Ghost of Caesar 2:11 44 Act V Scene i 0:35 45 Enter a messenger 0:17 46 Enter Brutus, Cassius and their Army; Lucilius etc. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The 1841 south Durham election Rider, Clare Margaret How to cite: Rider, Clare Margaret (1982) The 1841 south Durham election, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7659/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE 1841 SOUTH DURHAM ELECTION CLARE MARGARET RIDER M.A. THESIS 1982 UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. 72. V:A'••}••* TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents i List of Illustrations, Maps and Tables iii Acknowledgements iv Abbreviations V Abstract vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 - THE NORTH-EAST BACKGROUND 4 a) The Economic and Social Background 4 b) The Political.