DOCSLIB.ORG

Citizenship and Marriage in India, 1939-72 by Rebecca R. Grapevine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Citizenship and Marriage in India, 1939-72 by Rebecca R. Grapevine Family Matters: Citizenship and Marriage in India, 1939-72 by Rebecca R. Grapevine A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Emeritus Professor Barbara D. Metcalf, Co-Chair, University of California-Davis Emeritus Professor Thomas R. Trautmann, Co-Chair Emeritus Professor Thomas A. Green Professor Victor B. Lieberman Professor Mrinalini Sinha © Rebecca R.M. Grapevine 2015 Dedication For my parents, Ronald D. Grapevine and Rosemary M. Magee ii Acknowledgements I am grateful to my dissertation committee for their advice, patience, and careful readings. My co-chairs, Professors Barbara Metcalf and Thomas Trautmann, have been excellent mentors since my first days of graduate school. Professor Victor Lieberman’s encouragement and pedagogical excellence were welcome reliefs during the dreary Michigan winters. I am also grateful to Professors Mrinalini Sinha and Thomas Green for their engagement with my dissertation. I owe a large debt to Kathleen King, Lorna Altstetter, and Sheila Coley in the Department of History for their timely assistance and good humor as they shepherded me through the degree requirements. Many institutions provided timely and generous financial support for my research. These include the Department of History, Rackham Graduate School, Center for South Asian Studies, and the International Institute at the University of Michigan. Crucial support for my archival research in India came from a DDRA Fulbright-Hays fellowship. I am grateful to them all. I was fortunate to be affiliated to the Centre for Historical Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University while I completed my research in New Delhi. I am grateful to my advisor Professor Tanika Sarkar for the many kinds of help she extended to me. I am also grateful to Professor Pratiksha Baxi at the Centre for Study of Law and Governance at JNU. Her suggestions were the origins of many good things that happened to me in New Delhi. One of those was the opportunity to spend two semesters sitting in on lectures at the Delhi iii University Faculty of Law, an experience that transformed how I thought about my research. At the law faculty, I am indebted to Professor Kamala Sankaran and Professor Usha Tandon for making space for me in their classrooms. I am also grateful to the following libraries and archives for allowing me access to their holdings: the National Archives of India, the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, and the Indian Law Institute, all in New Delhi; the Uttar Pradesh State Archives in Lucknow; and the University of Michigan Law Library. I was also fortunate to study with many excellent professors who inspired and challenged me. Along with my committee members, these include Professors Andrea Friedman, Maria Misra, Thomas Metcalf, Daniel Halberstam, and the late Brian Simpson. Excellent language teachers opened up new perspectives for me and I am especially lucky that I was able to study Hindi and Urdu with Mithilesh Mishra, Kashika Singh, Syed Ekhteyar Ali, and the faculties of the American Institute of Indian Studies programs in Jaipur and Lucknow. I have been blessed with many wonderful friends. In the United States, these include Jadine Johnson, Olivia Hessing, Jonetta Johnson, Allison Turner, Diana Mankowski, Matthew Vanderbee, Emily Klancher, Lenny Urena Valerio, Crystal Chung, Kenneth Garner, Adrianne Madias, Jaclyn Michael, Hoda Bandeh-Ahmadi, Purvi Mehta, Monika Bhagat-Kennedy, Danish Sheikh, Lawrence Liang, Susan Hwang, Lamin Manneh, Rebecca Miller-Webster, Patrick Parker, Tapsi Mathur, Brian Penn, Anna Leo, Chuck Rice, and Randy Fullerton. Alesia Lapinsky, Sudha Chandrasekar, Anita Chennat, Ranjani Krishnan, Anuja Rajendra, Suman Desaraju, Priya Rajendren, the Kala Sangam in New Delhi, and Ita Reyes, and their associated communities, did much to keep me happy and dancing in stressful times. iv Nishi Bajpai, Satish Padmanabhan, Alam Srinivas, Michele Louro, Eric Colvard, Anasua Mukherjee Das, Anup Kumar Das, Rahul Mane, Raghu Raghavan, Sanchit Upadhya, and especially Vibodh Parthasarathi made Delhi feel like home. In the final year, Ankit Chahal (SirD) and Alam Srinivas provided emotional support from afar. Kenneth Garner deserves a vigorous vote of thanks for all he did to help make completing the dissertation possible and for his devoted and stimulating friendship. I am also grateful to Emily Klancher and Bryan Chapman for their editorial help in the final stages. First in my heart is my family. My beloved grandparents, the late Arvilla Grapevine, the late Ernest M. Magee, and Molly (Gertrude) Magee instilled me in a sense of adventure, a yen for sharing stories, and even a few traditional values that have helped me along my way. My aunt and uncle, Lynn and Ervin Frazier, encouraged me, listened to me, and provided a sunny retreat in Florida whenever I needed it. My uncle, Douglas Grapevine, set a high bar for globetrotting and cross-cultural understanding and he too has supported my interests and writing. In Miami, Maureen Magee and Edward Carhart shared their literary and legal sensibilities and encouragement. Kathi Winter is a beloved history teacher in Atlanta as well as my much-respected aunt, and she set me down the path of historical research with original documents while I was still in high school. Even more than her historical insights, I am grateful for her loving support and merry laugh. I am also grateful to my Magee cousins for their generosity and lightness of spirit. My brother, Sean Grapevine, has been my closest friend and favorite comic from the start. His wife, Jaclyn Grapevine, beautiful inside and out, is the perfect addition to our family. Finally, my parents, Ronald Grapevine and Rosemary Magee, instilled in me a love for learning and for understanding the world. They bore my v long absences with patience, supported my schemes unreservedly, and helped me in numerous practical ways. In short, they have given me more support and love than any one child deserves and I am grateful to them most of all. vi Table of Contents Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures viii List of Abbreviations ix Abstract x Introduction 1 Chapter One. Entering and Leaving the Body Politic: Coverture and 50 Citizenship Law, 1950-70 Chapter Two. The Origins of the Restitution of Conjugal Rights in India 109 Chapter Three. Restitution of Conjugal Rights in Uttar Pradesh 160 Chapter Four. Maintenance as an Imperial Legal Form 202 Chapter Five. Cruelty and the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939-55 247 Chapter Six. Matrimonial Litigation after the Hindu Marriage Act 277 in Uttar Pradesh, 1956-72 Conclusion 348 Appendix: Lawyers of the Allahabad and Lucknow Bars 358 Works Cited 359 vii List of Figures Figure 1 Arguments in the Mackenzie Case 175 Figure 2 Muslim Marital Redress Before 275 and After the DMMA 1939 viii List of Abbreviations AIR All India Reporter CCrP Code of Criminal Procedure CPC Civil Procedure Code CTA Criminal Tribes Acts (1871 and 1911) DMMA Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act (1939) EIC British East India Company HAMA Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956), HMA Hindu Marriage Act (1955) HSRMA/ Hindu Separate Residence and Maintenance Act (1946) HMRA Hindu Residence and Maintenance Act (1946) ICA Indian Citizenship Act (1955) IPC Indian Penal Code MEA Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi MHA Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi NUC Notes on Unreported Cases, All India Reporter RCR Restitution of Conjugal Rights SCC Small Causes Court UP Uttar Pradesh VAWA Violence Against Women Act (United States) WHO World Health Organization ix Abstract India’s system of separate Hindu, Muslim, and Christian family laws is often cast as a threat to national unity. In contrast, I argue that Indian law was structured by the emphasis of English law on preserving the marriage tie and wives’ legal dependence on their husbands. Based on a study of judicial and bureaucratic decisions about families in Indian law, I show that a patriarchal English family structure based in coverture influenced Indian women’s experiences of the law at least as much as religious norms did. I focus on three legal devices: domicile, restitution of conjugal rights, and maintenance. I argue that “law of the family” is a better category with which to consider women’s rights than “family law.” “Law of the family” suggests the ways in which family statuses structured many aspects of Indian law, including those concerned with family disputes as well as matters such as citizenship. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part studies bureaucratic and judicial decisions about the status of wives and sons in Indian citizenship law. Through the legal device of domicile, coverture structured Indian citizenship law. The second part is based in a survey of matrimonial litigation in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh between 1939 and 1972. Litigants of all religious communities used restitution of conjugal rights suits and maintenance suits to seek marital redress even after important statutory reforms such as the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act (1939) and the Hindu Marriage Act (1955). Courts ruled in favor of wives without condemning marital violence. An individual wife could win her suit without necessarily challenging the patriarchal structure of marriage. Wives faced x difficulties in proving matrimonial violence and often won their suits on the grounds of more easily proved social offenses. Husbands often challenged wives with arguments about both geographic and religious jurisdiction, in a pattern found in England as well. The dissertation concludes with a study of the 1962 UP Amendment to the Hindu Marriage Act, which made cruelty a ground for divorce in the state, providing a model for national reform fourteen years later. xi Introduction This dissertation studies how marriage shapes legal identity in modern India. Indian marriage is often viewed through religious and social lenses because it is regulated by religious personal law.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of Book Subject Publisher Year R.No
    Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of book Subject Publisher Year R.No. 1 Satkari Mookerjee The Jaina Philosophy of PHIL Bharat Jaina Parisat 8/A1 Non-Absolutism 3 Swami Nikilananda Ramakrishna PER/BIO Rider & Co. 17/B2 4 Selwyn Gurney Champion Readings From World ECO `Watts & Co., London 14/B2 & Dorothy Short Religion 6 Bhupendra Datta Swami Vivekananda PER/BIO Nababharat Pub., 17/A3 Calcutta 7 H.D. Lewis The Principal Upanisads PHIL George Allen & Unwin 8/A1 14 Jawaherlal Nehru Buddhist Texts PHIL Bruno Cassirer 8/A1 15 Bhagwat Saran Women In Rgveda PHIL Nada Kishore & Bros., 8/A1 Benares. 15 Bhagwat Saran Upadhya Women in Rgveda LIT 9/B1 16 A.P. Karmarkar The Religions of India PHIL Mira Publishing Lonavla 8/A1 House 17 Shri Krishna Menon Atma-Darshan PHIL Sri Vidya Samiti 8/A1 Atmananda 20 Henri de Lubac S.J. Aspects of Budhism PHIL sheed & ward 8/A1 21 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Dhirendra Nath Bose 8/A2 22 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam VolI 23 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vo.l III 24 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 25 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vol.V 26 Mahadev Desai The Gospel of Selfless G/REL Navijvan Press 14/B2 Action 28 Shankar Shankar's Children Art FIC/NOV Yamuna Shankar 2/A2 Number Volume 28 29 Nil The Adyar Library Bulletin LIT The Adyar Library and 9/B2 Research Centre 30 Fraser & Edwards Life And Teaching of PER/BIO Christian Literature 17/A3 Tukaram Society for India 40 Monier Williams Hinduism PHIL Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution Across States
    Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution across States Empirical Assessment - 2012-13 April 2013 Sponsored by Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India The Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution across States Empirical Assessment - 2012-13 V N Alok The Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi Foreword It is the twentieth anniversary of the 73rd Amendment of the Constitution, whereby Panchayats were given constitu- tional status.While the mandatory provisions of the Constitution regarding elections and reservations are adhered to in all States, the devolution of powers and resources to Panchayats from the States has been highly uneven across States. To motivate States to devolve powers and responsibilities to Panchayats and put in place an accountability frame- work, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India, ranks States and provides incentives under the Panchayat Empowerment and Accountability Scheme (PEAIS) in accordance with their performance as measured on a Devo- lution Index computed by an independent institution. The Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) has been conducting the study and constructing the index while continuously refining the same for the last four years. In addition to indices on the cumulative performance of States with respect to the devolution of powers and resources to Panchayats, an index on their incremental performance,i.e. initiatives taken during the year, was introduced in the year 2010-11. Since then, States have been awarded for their recent exemplary initiatives in strengthening Panchayats. The Report on"Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution across States - Empirical Assessment 2012-13" further refines the Devolution Index by adding two more pillars of performance i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets of RSS
    Secrets of RSS DEMYSTIFYING THE SANGH (The Largest Indian NGO in the World) by Ratan Sharda © Ratan Sharda E-book of second edition released May, 2015 Ratan Sharda, Mumbai, India Email:[email protected]; [email protected] License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-soldor given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person,please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you’re reading this book and didnot purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to yourfavorite ebook retailer and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hardwork of this author. About the Book Narendra Modi, the present Prime Minister of India, is a true blue RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or National Volunteers Organization) swayamsevak or volunteer. More importantly, he is a product of prachaarak system, a unique institution of RSS. More than his election campaigns, his conduct after becoming the Prime Minister really tells us how a responsible RSS worker and prachaarak responds to any responsibility he is entrusted with. His rise is also illustrative example of submission by author in this book that RSS has been able to design a system that can create ‘extraordinary achievers out of ordinary people’. When the first edition of Secrets of RSS was released, air was thick with motivated propaganda about ‘Saffron terror’ and RSS was the favourite whipping boy as the face of ‘Hindu fascism’. Now as the second edition is ready for release, environment has transformed radically.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Uttar Pradesh
    Uttar Pradesh at a glance Introduction Uttar Pradesh has multicultural, multiracial, fabulous wealth of nature-hills, valleys, rivers, forests, and vast plains. Viewed as the largest tourist destination in India, Uttar Pradesh boasts of 35 million domestic tourists. More than half of the foreign tourists, who visit India every year, make it a point to visit this state of Taj and Ganga. Agra itself receives around one million foreign tourists a year coupled with around twenty million domestic tourists. Uttar Pradesh is studded with places of tourist attractions across a wide spectrum of interest to people of diverse interests. The seventh most populated state of the world, Uttar Pradesh can lay claim to be the oldest seat of India's culture and civilization. It has been characterized as the cradle of Indian civilization and culture because it is around the Ganga that the ancient cities and towns sprang up. Uttar Pradesh played the most important part in India's freedom struggle and after independence it remained the strongest state politically. Geography Uttar Pradesh shares an international boundary with Nepal and is bordered by the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Mariana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. The state can be divided into two distinct hypsographical (altitude) regions. The larger Gangetic Plain region is in the north; it includes the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, the Ghaghra plains, the Ganges plains and the Terai. It has fertile alluvial soil and a flat topography (with a slope of 2 m/km) broken by numerous ponds, lakes and rivers. The smaller Vindhya Hills and plateau region is in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctrine-Of-Sin-Master.Pdf
    The Harsh Realities of Sin HAMARTIOLOGY - THE DOCTRINE OF SIN Intro Text: Romans 6:23 The late President Calvin Coolidge returned home from attending church early one Sunday afternoon. Because she was ill, his wife was unable to attend. When he returned, his wife enquired about the service. The president said "it was a nice one". She then asked about the sermon, to which he replied that "it was a good one". "What was it about", she asked. "He preached on sin", he said. "And…?" "Well, I think he was against it." In his book “Respectable Sins”, Jerry Bridges quotes Psychiatrist Karl Menninger: “The very word, ‘sin,’ which seems to have disappeared, was once a proud word. It was once a strong word, an ominous and serious word… But the word went away. It has almost disappeared-the word, along with the notion. Why? Doesn’t anyone sin anymore? Doesn’t anyone believe in sin?” The simple truth seems to be that the word… the very notion or concept of sin, seems to be found in one of two extremes: (1) On the one hand it is determined to be politically incorrect… judgmental… expressive of intolerance; (2) while on the other hand it is quite the topic of discussion and sermons… where taking the cultural high-ground, we shake our fists, wag our heads, cluck our tongues, and express copious amounts of dismay at the short-comings of others, and the moral decay of our society. But what of us… you and me… looking in the mirror… doing serious self- examination with the Bible as our guide and standard??? We are going to examine one of the most fundamental doctrines of the Bible - The Doctrine of Sin - Harmartiology….
    [Show full text]
  • India Freedom Fighters' Organisation
    A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of Political Pamphlets from the Indian Subcontinent Part 5: Political Parties, Special Interest Groups, and Indian Internal Politics UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of POLITICAL PAMPHLETS FROM THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT PART 5: POLITICAL PARTIES, SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS, AND INDIAN INTERNAL POLITICS Editorial Adviser Granville Austin Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfiche project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Indian political pamphlets [microform] microfiche Accompanied by printed guide. Includes bibliographical references. Content: pt. 1. Political Parties and Special Interest Groups—pt. 2. Indian Internal Politics—[etc.]—pt. 5. Political Parties, Special Interest Groups, and Indian Internal Politics ISBN 1-55655-829-5 (microfiche) 1. Political parties—India. I. UPA Academic Editions (Firm) JQ298.A1 I527 2000 <MicRR> 324.254—dc20 89-70560 CIP Copyright © 2000 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-829-5. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................. vii Source Note ............................................................................................................................. xi Reference Bibliography Series 1. Political Parties and Special Interest Groups Organization Accession #
    [Show full text]
  • INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 1885-1947 Year Place President
    INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 1885-1947 Year Place President 1885 Bombay W.C. Bannerji 1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji 1887 Madras Syed Badruddin Tyabji 1888 Allahabad George Yule First English president 1889 Bombay Sir William 1890 Calcutta Sir Pherozeshah Mehta 1891 Nagupur P. Anandacharlu 1892 Allahabad W C Bannerji 1893 Lahore Dadabhai Naoroji 1894 Madras Alfred Webb 1895 Poona Surendranath Banerji 1896 Calcutta M Rahimtullah Sayani 1897 Amraoti C Sankaran Nair 1898 Madras Anandamohan Bose 1899 Lucknow Romesh Chandra Dutt 1900 Lahore N G Chandravarkar 1901 Calcutta E Dinsha Wacha 1902 Ahmedabad Surendranath Banerji 1903 Madras Lalmohan Ghosh 1904 Bombay Sir Henry Cotton 1905 Banaras G K Gokhale 1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji 1907 Surat Rashbehari Ghosh 1908 Madras Rashbehari Ghosh 1909 Lahore Madanmohan Malaviya 1910 Allahabad Sir William Wedderburn 1911 Calcutta Bishan Narayan Dhar 1912 Patna R N Mudhalkar 1913 Karachi Syed Mahomed Bahadur 1914 Madras Bhupendranath Bose 1915 Bombay Sir S P Sinha 1916 Lucknow A C Majumdar 1917 Calcutta Mrs. Annie Besant 1918 Bombay Syed Hassan Imam 1918 Delhi Madanmohan Malaviya 1919 Amritsar Motilal Nehru www.bankersadda.com | www.sscadda.com| www.careerpower.in | www.careeradda.co.inPage 1 1920 Calcutta Lala Lajpat Rai 1920 Nagpur C Vijaya Raghavachariyar 1921 Ahmedabad Hakim Ajmal Khan 1922 Gaya C R Das 1923 Delhi Abul Kalam Azad 1923 Coconada Maulana Muhammad Ali 1924 Belgaon Mahatma Gandhi 1925 Cawnpore Mrs.Sarojini Naidu 1926 Guwahati Srinivas Ayanagar 1927 Madras M A Ansari 1928 Calcutta Motilal Nehru 1929 Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru 1930 No session J L Nehru continued 1931 Karachi Vallabhbhai Patel 1932 Delhi R D Amritlal 1933 Calcutta Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • The First National Conference Government in Jammu and Kashmir, 1948-53
    THE FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE GOVERNMENT IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR, 1948-53 THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN HISTORY BY SAFEER AHMAD BHAT Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. ISHRAT ALAM CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2019 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I, Safeer Ahmad Bhat, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, certify that the work embodied in this Ph.D. thesis is my own bonafide work carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Ishrat Alam at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The matter embodied in this Ph.D. thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree. I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to the researchers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the body of the thesis. I further certify that I have not willfully lifted up some other’s work, para, text, data, result, etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations, theses, etc., or available at web-sites and included them in this Ph.D. thesis and cited as my own work. The manuscript has been subjected to plagiarism check by Urkund software. Date: ………………… (Signature of the candidate) (Name of the candidate) Certificate from the Supervisor Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. Prof. Ishrat Alam Professor, CAS, Department of History, AMU (Signature of the Chairman of the Department with seal) COURSE/COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION/PRE- SUBMISSION SEMINAR COMPLETION CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • “Othering” Oneself: European Civilian Casualties and Representations of Gendered, Religious, and Racial Ideology During the Indian Rebellion of 1857
    “OTHERING” ONESELF: EUROPEAN CIVILIAN CASUALTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF GENDERED, RELIGIOUS, AND RACIAL IDEOLOGY DURING THE INDIAN REBELLION OF 1857 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters of Arts in History By Stefanie A. Babb 2014 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in History ________________________________________ Stefanie A. Babb Approved: April 2014 _________________________________________ Eric A. Strahorn, Ph.D. Committee Chair / Advisor __________________________________________ Frances Davey, Ph.D __________________________________________ Habtamu Tegegne, Ph.D. The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Copyright © 2014 by Stefanie Babb All rights reserved One must claim the right and the duty of imagining the future, instead of accepting it. —Eduardo Galeano iv CONTENTS PREFACE v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE HISTORIOGRAPHY 12 CHAPTER TWO LET THE “OTHERING” BEGIN 35 Modes of Isolation 39 Colonial Thought 40 Racialization 45 Social Reforms 51 Political Policies 61 Conclusion 65 CHAPTER THREE LINES DRAWN 70 Outbreak at Meerut and the Siege on Delhi 70 The Cawnpore Massacres 78 Changeable Realities 93 Conclusion 100 CONCLUSION 102 APPENDIX A MAPS 108 APPENDIX B TIMELINE OF INDIAN REBELLION 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 v Preface This thesis began as a seminar paper that was written in conjunction with the International Civilians in Warfare Conference hosted by Florida Gulf Coast University, February, 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Riots and Electoral Politics in India
    IZA DP No. 9522 Religious Riots and Electoral Politics in India Sriya Iyer Anand Shrivastava November 2015 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Religious Riots and Electoral Politics in India Sriya Iyer University of Cambridge and IZA Anand Shrivastava University of Cambridge Discussion Paper No. 9522 November 2015 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating the Past Biblical Narrative As Interpretive Discourse
    CBÅ (1998) 7-23 CREATING THE PAST BIBLICAL NARRATIVE AS INTERPRETIVE DISCOURSE THOMAS L. THOMPSON The thesis I wish to propose for today's discussion1 has developed considerably from the mere dissatisfaction with reading the bible as literature that I had expressed in this forum some four years ago,2 and again in Sweden on the occasion of Uppsala's annual biblical forum in the autumn of 1995.3 Methodologically, it takes its point of departure from my paper for the Qumran colloquium that we held at Schäfergaard in the summer of 1995, in which I first outlined my understanding of a method to recapture some sense of the bible's literary context.4 While it was with my Uppsala paper that I became first convinced of the particular genre of "discourse" as an implicit characteristic of the bible's "collected traditions," the nature of which I had become accustomed to understand as having developed the major works of the bible since my much earlier Origin Tradition study,5 it was not until my research report for last year's collegium biblicum, that I became convinced of a specific function of discourse on tradition as a formative model of biblical texts.6 My paper today not only offers further illustration of the bible's discourse as a functional motive in the creation of tradition, it also attempts to validate three working assumptions that have developed: a) that the biblical collections offer an essentially theologically motivated critique of the traditions they collect; b) that they form a relatively contemporary field of discourse, with substantial adherants from texts that we find among the Old Testament canon, the apocrypha and pseudepi- grapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament canons; and c) that the discourse itself is a prime factor in the specific form and character of the traditions collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Download in English
    www.gradeup.co www.gradeup.co 1. Which river divide Haryana and Uttar Pradesh? A. 1 B. 2 A. Yamuna C. 4 B. Ghaghar D. 5 C. Saraswati D. Ganga 9. Who is the Minister of Power in Uttar Pradesh Government? 2. The main crop of Uttar Pradesh is A. Dinesh Sharma A. Maize B. Dharmpal Singh B. Paddy C. Shrikant Sharma C. Sugarcane D. Jai Pratap Singh D. Wheat 10. What is the highest point of Uttar Pradesh? 3. Who is the Governor of Uttar Pradesh? A. Amsot Peak A. Ram Naik B. Nanda Devi B. Aziz Qureshi C. Birari C. Banwari Lal Joshi D. Richhna Pahar D. None of the above 11. What is the form of state legislature in Uttar 4. The first Governor of Uttar Pradesh was Pradesh? A. B.G. Reddy A. Bicameral B. K.M. Munshi B. Unicameral C. Sarojini Naidu C. Sometimes both D. V.V. Giri D. None of the above 5. Which of the following is known as the state 12. Who was the first Lok- Ayukt of Uttar Pradesh? bird of Uttar Pradesh? A. Vishambhar Dayal A. Green Imperial Pigeon B. N.K. Mehrotra B. Sarus crane C. Sanjay Mishra C. Paala Pitta D. Kailash Nath Goyal D. Emerald Dove 13. Who was the first Chief Minister of Uttar 6. The State Logo of Uttar Pradesh does not have Pradesh? A. Fishes A. GovindBallabh Pant B. Bow B. Charan Singh C. Arrow C. SuchetaKriplani D. Peacock D. Chandra Bhanu Gupta 7. The longest National highway passing through 14. Who is Director General of Police of Uttar Uttar Pradesh.
    [Show full text]