R RITM T Joint Stock Company “Afrikantov OKB Mechanical Engineering” EAC T O PLAN R R PLAN O T EAC T RITM RITM R JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” RITM Reactor Plants for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers and Optimized Floating Power Units IN THE NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INDUSTRY SINCE 1945 JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” 15 Burnakovsky proyezd, Nizhny Novgorod, 603074, Russia Tel.: +7 (831) 275 26 40 Fax: +7 (831) 241 87 72 E-mail: [email protected] www.okbm.nnov.ru TABLE OF CONTENTS From Past Experience to Future Prospects � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2 Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers of Russia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 NSSS for the Nuclear Icebreaker Fleet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6 RITM-200 Reactor Plant for New-Generation Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9 Design Concept � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 Main Equipment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12 Serial Production of Reactor Plants for the New-Generation Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14 Reactor Plant Safety � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 Competitive Advantages � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 Perspectives on the Development of Reactor Plants for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers and OFPUs � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18 World’s First Multipurpose Nuclear-Powered Icebreaker � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 In practice, the following tactics is adopted for operation of icebreakers — open-sea icebreakers, like Arktika, FROM Past EXpeRIence to provide escort for convoys in deep-water areas� Limited-draft icebreakers, like Taymyr, provide escort for con- voys in shallow waters� In this case, the convoys have to be transferred from an open-sea icebreaker to a shal- low-draft icebreaker and the other way around, which results in that the convoy and the icebreakers have to FUTURE PRospects spend the time standing, and it has a negative effect upon the economic efficiency of cargo transportation� In addition to that, practically all the currently operating nuclear icebreakers powered by the OK-900A reac- tor plants are nearing the end of their service life� In order to ensure the timely and adequate replacement Russia is the only country in the world that has a civilian nuclear maritime fleet� Nuclear-powered icebreakers for the decommissioned icebreakers, construction of new ships is in progress, so that the national objectives ensure steady functioning of the Arctic transportation system for Russia to achieve its national objectives in the be achieved in terms of reinforcing and protecting the geopolitical interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region� Arctic region, and in terms of supporting the economic and business activities and living of population in the Far North regions of Russia� Diagram of cargo traffic on The Multipurpose Norther the Northern n Sea Rou Sea Route nuclear-powered te t ran sp icebreaker or t c or rid or Диксон Хатанга Харасавэй Тикси Дудинка Печенга Норильск Певек Яся Зеленый мыс Мурманск Индига Ямбург Игарка Ухта Якутск Архангельск Integrated layout The double draft makes the ice- of the SGU breaker multipurpose, i�e�, capable Currently, Russian companies of operating both in deep waters are developing new-generation Лесосибирск and in shallow waters, while com- multipurpose nuclear icebreakers bining the features of an open-sea powered by the RITM-200 reactor and shallow-draft icebreakers� For plant, which has an integral layout such multipurpose icebreakers, of its steam-generating unit (SGU)� The first Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker Lenin was commissioned in 1959� It was the world’s first surface ship JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” has devel- with a nuclear propulsion plant unmatched in terms of its power among the nuclear-powered icebreakers world- oped the new-generation RITM wide� As the power source, the OK-150 nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) was adopted� It was a reactor plant with reactors� a distributed layout, i�e�, the main equipment of the circuit was placed in individual pressure vessels connected via long pipelines� Starting from 1964, the development commenced of the OK-900 nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) with a modular layout, i�e�, every reactor plant incorporated a pressurized water reactor, four circulation pumps, four steam genera- tors, pressurizers and other equipment� The reactor, the pumps and the steam generators had individual pressure Open-sea Limited-draft vessels and were connected via short coaxial nozzles� The OK-900 NSSS was installed into the upgraded nuclear- nuclear-powered nuclear-powered powered icebreaker Lenin� In 1968, the USSR Council of Ministers made a decision to build the nuclear-powered ice- icebreaker Modular layout of the SGU icebreaker breaker Arktika� The OK-900 NSSS was re-designated as OK-900A because of individual differences in its interfaces with the nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika� In the next phase, civilian marine nuclear steam supply systems with the KLT-40 and KLT-40M single-reactor plants were developed for a nuclear lighter-aboard ship and for two limited-draft icebreakers designed to ensure safe waterways for cargo ships in the mouths of Siberian rivers� 2 3 nuclear-powered lighter-aboard NUcleaR-POWERED icebreakers & ship 10 1 Ship’s specifications: IcebReaKERS of RUssIA length reactor plants displacement 22 draft ARKTIKA ROSSIYA SEVMORPUT LENIN SIBIR 134 m 147.9 m 147.9 m 150 m 260.3 m 19,240 t 21,000 t 21,000 t 23,000 t 61,000 t 10.5 m 11 m 11 m 10–11 m 11.8 m SOVETSKIY SOYUZ VAYGACH YAMAL TAYMYR 50 LET POBEDY 150 m 151.8 m 151.8 m 150 м 159.6 m 23,000 t 21,000 t 21,000 t 23,000 t 25,170 t 10–11 m 8.1 m 8.1 m 11 m 11 m 4 5 NSSS foR THE NUcleaR JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” is a chief designer of reactor plants for the nuclear icebreaker fleet. IcebReaKER Fleet 1959 1970 1975 1977 1985 1988 1989 1990 1992 2007 2020 2027 до 2030 NSSS type Rated reactor JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” has power been developing reactor plant designs for nuclear-powered Lider RITM-400 ships since 1954. 2×315 MW 1960 four serial multipurpose Order of Lenin for nuclear icebreakers RITM-200 the development 2×175 MW of the OK-150 Arktika reactor plant Vaygach KLT-40М Taymyr 1×171 MW Sevmorput KLT-40 1×135 MW 50 Let Pobedy Yamal Sovetskiy Soyuz 2010 ОК-900А Rossiya 2013 2×171 MW Twenty six nuclear reactors The designed by JSC “Afrikantov nuclear-powered Sibir 1992 icebreaker Lenin OKBM” for 13 ships were was the world’s rst 2008 manufactured totally surface ship with a Arktika (including 2 currently under nuclear propulsion construction). Moreover, plant. Lenin 1989 ОК-900 a part of the reactor plant 2×159 MW equipment was manufactured at the JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” ОК-150 production facilities. 3×90 MW 6 7 Generations of Marine Reactor Plants RITM-200 ReactoR Plant foR As of now, 3 generations of reactor plants have been developed for the civilian nuclear fleet� NEW-GeneRatIon NUcleaR- Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 POWERED IcebReaKERS ОК-150 ОК-900 KLT-40 RITM-200 (ОК-900А) (KLT-40M) New-generation ARKTIKA multipurpose nuclear-powered icebreaker 173 m 24,800 t / 33,600 t 8.5 m / 10.5 m Distributed layout of Reactor plant with the modular Reactor plant with the The lead nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika with the reactor plant RITM-200 officially came into commission on the reactor plant layout of the steam-generating integrated layout of the steam unit (SGU) generating unit (SGU) October 21, 2020� The nuclear ship of the new project is the biggest and most powerful in the world� Due to the increased width, the multipurpose nuclear icebreaker alone is capable of escorting the tankers with a displacement of up to 70,000 tons in the Arctic region� The icebreaker can pave the way for ships through ice up to 3 meters thick� By 2021, the Russian fleet is to receive a series of new-generation multipurpose nuclear-powered icebreakers� They are designed to provide unassisted ice escort for ships, including large-capacity vessels, to lead convoys Main design characteristics in the Western Arctic region all year around; and in the Eastern Arctic region, during the summer and autumn months� The nuclear-powered ships will be suitable even for shallow waters of the Gulf of Ob and Yenisei in the Length at design waterline, m 160 Dudinka direction� ROSATOM is now constructing new multipurpose nuclear-powered icebreakers� Beam at design waterline, m 33 Molded depth, m 15.2 Icebreaking capability, m up to 3 Complement 75 Draft at design waterline (open-sea icebreaker mode), m 10.5 Minimum operating draft, m 8.5 8 9 Design Concept Rated Parameters Primary circuit operating pressure, MPa 15.7 In the course of the design work on the reactor plant for the new nuclear-powered icebreaker, an integrated ap- Primary coolant temperature: proach was implemented to identify the basic parameters of the primary circuit, to select equipment and equip- – core inlet, °C 277 ment layout, and to adopt the optimum configuration and parameters for the safety systems� – core outlet, °C 313 Primary coolant flow rate through the 3,250 Fundamental Solutions reactor core, t/h 1� The nuclear propulsion plant incorporates two reac- 4� Passive and active