sign in sign up
<<
Home , Bruce Perens, Eben Moglen, Free Beer, Public Knowledge, Revolution OS

Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org May—June 2007 13 - - 1 th f Fi , , in St in kl provided that the the that provided an y medium without e, Fr y e 51 t that the work is copy is work the that t , , Inc., , , y purpos Closed .svg Sharewar pedia Proprietar or an ki Wi undation Fo —Richard M Stallman —Richard ticle is permitted in an ware ware ft yone to use it f it use to yone . . : : ee So ed Fr ed rv ee Download rv Fr ce 2001 , ,

ersion downloaded from i/Image:GPL_and_open-source

e 1998 USA n this v d Open Sour te 7 1997, 8 w/Sourc pedia pages on which the diagram appear asser ylef ki p GPL'ed MA 02110, ipedia.org/wik ree86 Style ree86 Wi Co

ware

XF Public domai Public ft

Boston, y provided this notice is prese An especially effective provision of the GPL is The effect of this can be seen in larger scale in the , r, ee So pyright: 1996, (C) pyright rbatim copying and distribution of this entire ar llowing notice is prese is notice copyright llowing oo Fr Credits: Chao-Kuei, by Diagram http://en.wik Co and FSF The an allows holder copyright the and righted fo Co Fl Ve royalt Figure 1: Figure Not all software that can be downloaded for free is . right to “run, copy, distribute, study, change, and improve improve and change, distribute,study, copy, “run, to right the software.” “.” Copyleft protects the property rights of those mod all that requiring by software GPL contributeto who ifications and derivatives of the software alsoreleased be under a GPL. progress of Web development. Most Web pages are not licensed under the GPL, but the that forms those pages is nonetheless source” available command in using almost every the Web browser. Writer “view explains: Shirky Clay and NYU professor freedoms freedoms set forth by the : the - - And 6 VA VA 4 Think “free speech,” not “free .” speech,” not “free Think “free 2 5 3

Chapter 5 Chapter

ree ree software by any other name would give you the Foundation’s Software Free the notes freedom,” same Stallman,Richard but free software isn’t a matter of And certainly doesn’t mean the softwarethe mean certainlydoesn’t source open And Indeed, the GNU General Public License (GPL) that But, as Open Source Definition Source authorOpen Perens as But, Bruce (spin, image-building, and rebranding) to make it work. And so “open source,” a term proposed by Christine The real conceptual breakthrough, though, was admitting to ourselves that what we needed to mount was in effect a marketing campaign—and that it would require marketing techniques Still, in 1998, Eric Raymond was among those look is in the . is used for a majority of open-source software projectsspecifically uses copyright protections to guarantee the was available.” was notes, “Open source doesn’t just source code,” though mean that is a necessary condition. access to the OSS does not necessarily need to be free to download, software downloadable nor is all freely open source. Peterson Peterson of the Institute,Foresight was born. empha to wanted “We Larryexplained, Augustin founder size that the software open and that was the code source Raymond writes:Raymond ing for ways to promote free on software. Raymond’s article Based “The in Cathedral part and the Bazaar,” ’s CEO Jim Barksdale had recently decision made to the open up the source Communicator code Web to browser, the a sign Netscape that free might software be gaining a toehold in commercial businesses. F 1). price (see figure In the 70s, computer users lost the freedoms to redistribute and change Project, GNU softwarethe idealists, of group because a because 90s they and 80s the in didn’t freedoms these regained value users Computer theirfreedom. we believed in. what for to work willing were and better, a program is what makes believed that freedom “Free,” “Free,” and “Free,” “Free,” Source?” “Open 14 Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org May—June 2007 movement.” social a is software free methodology; development a Foundation’s is Software source “open that Freesay to on goes who Stallman, Richard of the category same explains the software,” almost describe terms two the ● ● ● the to point same basictenets: groups both but freedoms, and rights its promote advocates software” “free while benefits, nomic about learning.” it’s access, about just not “It’s out: point to Brownwants one of the concerns the Free Software Foundation’s Peter ogy, either.for And that’s that there’s no legal protection technol the of fact historical a as stands point Shirky’s while and jackets, 1970s from lapels and collars big ing free model.” copyright- a on “built industry billion $335 a as fashion Knowledge, Public cofounderdescribes of Racine, Laurie waya of life, is and it’s copying legal, sort of,” notes industry NPR’s Rick fashion Karr. the of most “For signers.

“Nearly all open source software is free software; software; free is software source open all “Nearly before preliminary you canchangea necessary it copies those ute eco the emphasize to seek source” “Open adherents borrow for protection legal no really is there But de fashion with much share designers Web this, In in seconds. answered be can that?” do they did “How tion ques the outright, copying even or worth emulating particularly seems technique or layout whose Webpage a with faced When velopment. de design of speed increase enormous an the in got we itself, HTML the of transparency dented unprece this with Instead, designers. between loop feedback havethis hamperedwould choice source’ ‘hidden a such much how imagine and browsers, respective their of release public any in disabled been have could which option ging debug of kind a browser’s.”Sourceas . . “View or Marc Tim Berners-Lee Andreeson the to treat for been have would it effortless how Consider available, andsoon. adopt,it, and modify make modifiedthat version to able be should else anyone challenge, design other some out any worked has by someone Once designer. made choices the code source into render to user any of ability parency—the trans is Web] the on [seen experimentation of riot [the] for responsible most factor single The the right tomake program right improvements tothe the the right to have access to the software's source code, program, distrib and maketo the of copies right the 14 11 9 12 13 - - - - - 10 - - - - -

Notes in achieving the benefits of open source. freedom of acknowledgesimportance itself Definition the economic outcomes of free software, and the Open Source Foundation’s Peter Brown is Softwarequick Free to the pointcoin: outsame the the positive of sides representtwo costs, and increased choice.” lower reliability, higher quality, outcomes—better nomic open-source development rests on its engineering and eco Eric Raymond suggests that “an entirely sufficient case for

1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. this version this from Wikipedia, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (accessed Mar. 19, 2007); Diagram in figure 1 by Chao-Kuei, .fsf.org/licensing/essays/free-software-for-freedom.html www Web Foundationsite, Software Source,’”Free ‘Open www..org/philosophy site, Web System Operating GNU Freedom,” and GNU, “Linux, Stallman, M. Richard Not to be deterred, “Cathedral and the Bazaar” author 2007). 19, www Mar. (accessed site, Web .fsf.org/licensing/essays/free-sw.html Foundation Software Free Definition,” Software Software Free “The Free2007); Mar.19, (accessed -assign.html 2005, 12, www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/why site, WebFoundation Feb. Contributors,” From Assignments Copyright Gets FSF the “Why Moglen, Eben 2007); 19, Mar. (accessed licensing/20050325novalis.html Licensing,” www.fsf.org/blogs/ and site, Web Copyright Foundation Software Free About Basics “The 2007); 19, Mar. (accessed http://freshmeat.net/stats site, Web Freshmeat the of page Stats the Breakdown,”on “License 2007). available19, Mar. (accessed http://perens.com/OSD.html at online Definition,” Source Open “The Perens, Bruce 2001). Productions, (Wonderview Moore S. T. J. by documentary in interviewed Augustin, Larry Mar. 19,2007). (accessed en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software Wikipedia Software,” “Open-Source 2007); 19, site, www.opensource.org/docs/history.php (accessed Mar. Web Initiative Source Open the on OSI,” the of “History hacker-revenge/ar01s05.html (accessedMar. 19,2007). www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/ at online Hackers, the of Revenge in Source,’” ‘Open of Origins “The Raymond, Steven Eric Floor, Boston, MA02110USA. 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St., Fifth 1998, 1997, 1996, © Copyright preserved: is notice right copy following the that provided purpose, any for it use to anyone allows holder copyright the and copyrighted is work the that assert appears diagram the which on pages Wikipedia and FSF The image:GPL_and_open-source.svg. Richard M. Stallman, “Why ‘Free Software’ Is Better Than Better Is ‘Free Software’ “Why RichardStallman, M. -linux-gnu-freedom.html (accessedMar. 19,2007). version 1.9, Aug. 2000, available 2000, Aug. 1.9, version 15 And both groups agree they eouin OS, Revolution 16 , http:// DVD, - -

Library Technology Reports www.techsource.ala.org May—June 2007 15

June 1999, available online at www Perens, Perens, “The Open Source Definition”; “Why ‘Free Software’ Is Better Than ‘Open Source,’” Free Software Foundation Web site, www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/free 19, 2007). -software-for-freedom.html (accessed Mar. , “Why ‘Open Source’ Misses the Point of Free Software,” GNU Operating System Web site, www .gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html 19, 2007). (accessed Mar. Eric Steven Raymond, “Beyond Geeks Bearing Gifts,” in The Magic Cauldron, .catb.org/~esr/writings/magic-cauldron/magic-cauldron 19, 2007). -2.html (accessed Mar. Brown interview; Perens, “The Open Source Definition”; “ Social Contract,” version available 1.1, on the Debian Apr. Web site, www.debian.org/social 26, 2004, _contract 19, 2007). (accessed Mar. 13. 14. 15. 16.

www Morning available on the , Aug. 3, 2006, on the Public the on 2006, 3, Aug. on National Public Radio Clay Clay Shirky’s Writings About the , Laurie Racine’s Blog, Racine’s Laurie .?storyId=1434815 (accessed Mar. 19, 2007). .php?storyId=1434815 Mar. (accessed Laurie Racine, “Copyrighting Notion,” Fashion: A Knowledge Misguided Web site, www.publicknowledge.org/blog/6 19, 2007). (accessed Mar. phone interview 6, 2007. Brown, Peter by the Mar. author, .shirky.com/writings/view_source.html .shirky.com/writings/view_source.html (accessed Mar. 19, 2007). Rick Karr, “Fashion Knockoffs,” first Industry broadcast Sept. Copes 2003,18, on Edition with Designer NPR Web site at www.npr.org/templates/story/story “What Is Copyleft?” GNU Operating System Web site, wwwsite, Web System Operating GNU Copyleft?” Is “What 19, 2007). .gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html Mar. (accessed Parallel Massively Web’s the From Lessons . . . Source “View Development,” first published April 1998,available on the siteWeb 8 9. 11. 12. 10.