Novus Scotus Viator: a Case for a Kossuth-Style Worldview in 2012 Bryan Dawson

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Novus Scotus Viator: a Case for a Kossuth-Style Worldview in 2012 Bryan Dawson Novus Scotus Viator: A Case for a Kossuth-style Worldview in 2012 Bryan Dawson Keynote Address on the Occasion of the Commemoration of the 1848 Hungarian War of Independence at the American University Kay Spiritual Center, March 11, 2012 Hungarian Translation by Dr. B álint Kacsoh Benjamin Franklin azt írta: “he who lives upon Benjamin Franklin wrote that “he who lives hope will die fasting.” Azaz: “Aki reményből él, upon hope will die fasting.” Friedrich Nietzsche éhenhal.” Friedrich Nietzsche később azt írta, would later write, “Hope, in reality, is the worst of “Valójában a legnagyobb gonosz a remény, mert all evils because it prolongs the torments of man.” meghosszabbítja az emberek kínját.” Yes, hope alone is certainly no strategy. But hope, Valóban, a remény önmagában nem stratégia. Ha when combined with the catalyst of moral acts azonban a remény erkölcsös cselekedetekkel and willingness to persevere at great personal társul, és a célért nagy személyes áldozatokat sacrifice becomes a fuel unlike any other – it can vállalására sarkal, különleges hajtóerővé válik, change the world. amely meg tudja változtatni a világot. While Kossuth’s message was indeed imbued with Míg egyfelől Kossuth üzenetét áthatotta a hope, it was rooted in Realpolitik and backed by a remény, másfelől reálpolitikában gyökerezett, és tireless pursuit of his goals, guided by his moral alátámasztotta, hogy céljait fáradhatatlanul, convictions. He was known for his great erkölcsi meggyőződésétől vezérelve követte. Híres eloquence and, as Ralph Waldo Emerson put it so volt ékesszólásáról, és mint Ralph Waldo Emerson well, “the solidity of his actions.” Kossuth találólan megállapította, “cselekedeteinek embodied the characteristics of a great leader. szilárdságáról.” Kossuthban nagyszerü vezéregyeniség testesült meg. Kossuth understood the impact on external forces to Hungarian aspirations for sovereignty and Kossuth megértette, hogy a külső erők milyen independence. This broad worldview would guide hatással vannak a magyarság függetlenségre és his governance and strategy. As external forces szuverenitásra való törekvése terén. Ez a continue their subtle and often overt attacks on széleskörü világkép irányította a kormányzásban Hungary, it is Kossuth’s sophisticated worldview és a stratégiájában egyaránt. Mivel külső erők ma we need today. is alattomban, sőt gyakorta nyíltan folytatják támadásaikat Magyarország ellen, Kossuthéhoz Kossuth knew that an independent Hungary, a hasonlóan kifinomult világképre van szükségünk. republic in the days of emperors in the heart of Europe, would be perceived as a challenge to the Kossuth tudta, hogy a független Magyarországot – balance of power in Europe which had undergone egy köztársaságot – a császárok és királyok uralta tremendous upheaval. The Congress of Vienna in Európa szívében az erőegyensúlyt megbontó 1815 sought to deal with the after effects of the kihívásnak tekintenék. Az 1815-ös Bécsi Napoleonic Wars, the French Revolutionary Wars, The American Hungarian Federation, Serving the Community Since 1906 www.americanhungarianfederation.org 1 Kongresszus a napoleoni haborúk utózöngéivel, a and the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire, Francia Forradalmi Háborúkkal, és a csaknem 850 which had lasted almost 850 years. Borders were évig fennállt Német-Római Császárság redrawn and the European powers, many of felbomlásával foglalkozott. Határokat változtattak whom emerged from 25 years of constant meg, és az európai hatalmak, amelyek 25 évnyi warfare, were obsessed with establishing and állandó háborúzáson jutottak túl, megszállottan maintaining a new balance of power. Britain, for azon dolgoztak, hogy megszilárdítsák és example, saw survival of the Austrian Empire as fenntartsák az új erőegyensúlyt. Nagy Britannia key to this strategy. An independent Hungary például az Osztrák Birodalom fennmaradását e could result in the break-up of the Austrian stratégia kulcsának tekintette. Egy független Empire and tip the balance of power. 1 Kossuth Magyarorszag az Osztrák Birodalom szétesését understood this. eredményezhetné, s ez az erőegyensúlyt felbillentené. 1 Kossuth ezzel tökéletesen tisztában The 1848 War of Independence crushed, he still volt. sought ways to throw off the Austrian yoke and envisioned a new order to replace the Habsburgs: Az 1848-as Függetlenségi Háború leverése után, A Danubian Confederation. He intended to Kossuth továbbra is annak a módját kereste, hogy accommodate the forces of nationalism within the lerázza az osztrák igát, és egy új rendet képzelt el, Danubian basin while preserving Hungary's mely a Habsburgok helyébe lépne: a Dunamenti territorial integrity and replacing Austria's position Köztársaságot. Arra törekedett, hogy helyet in the European balance of power. biztosítson a Duna medencéjében a nacionalizmus erőinek, s egyúttal megőrizze Magyarország His vision was remarkable in its American-style területi sértetlenségét, és pótolja Ausztria helyét republicanism. Many consider Kossuth the az európai erőegyensúlyban. “George Washington of Hungary.” But he is also very James Madison, the father of the US Az államformára vonatkozó elképzelése Constitution. The basis of his new political order figyelemre méltóan amerikai jellegü would be set by the various peoples' national republikanizmus. Sokan tekintik Kossuthot assemblies or by a plebiscite. The common Magyarország George Washingtonjának. De business of the member states would be directed Kossuth legalább ennyire hasonlítható James by a federal authority. A bicameral legislature Madisonhoz, az amerikai Alkotmány atyjához. Az constituted in proportion to the population of the általa felvázolt politikai rend alapja a külonböző several countries, whereas all countries would népek nemzetgyülése és a népszavazás lett volna. have equal representation in the upper chamber. A tagállamok közös ügyeit egy szövetségi hatóság Cognizant of ethnic aspirations, he envisaged igazgatta volna. A két-kamarás törvényhozás extensive decentralization, local self-government, alsóházában a tagállamok lélekszámuk arányában, freedom of language and of association on the míg a felsőházban egyenlő arányban lettek volna basis of nationality, and the election of national képviselve. Mivel tisztában volt a nemzeti leaders. 2 A system steeped in the Hungarian vágyakkal, a széleskörü decentralizációt tartotta a tradition of decentralized, municipal government. járható útnak, helyi önkormányzatot, szabad “… if the Hungarians, the southern Slavs, and the nyelvhasználatot, nemzetiségi alapú egyesületi Romanians embrace the…plan, they will become, jogot és a nemzeti vezetők választhatóságát. 2 Ez a with their 30 million people, a first-class state, rich rendszer a hagyományos magyar decentralizált, and powerful, and one that will weigh heavily in helyi kormányzásban gyökerezett. “… ha a Europe's balance.” 3 magyarok, a déli szlávok és a románok megukévá teszik ... a tervet, akkor a 30 millios népességükkel Ferenc Deak and liberal leaders saw too much risk The American Hungarian Federation, Serving the Community Since 1906 www.americanhungarianfederation.org 2 olyan elsőrangú állammá válhatnak, amely gazdag and too many unknowns in such an arrangement. és hatalmas, s amely Európa erőegyensúlyában Despite the loss of the 1848 Revolution, Kossuth komoly tényező.” 3 persevered on many fronts, bringing his message to all who would listen, seeking friends and allies. Deák Ferenc és a magyar liberális vezetők ezt a Perhaps his greatest triumph was in the United tervet túl kockázatosnak és beláthatatlan States who embraced Kossuth. következményekkel terhesnek találták. Kossuth az 1848-as Forradalom bukása ellenére többfronton Kossuth was the first foreign Statesman officially is kitartott, barátokat és szövetségeseket keresve invited to the US since the Marquis de Lafayette. terjesztette az elképzeléseit mindenkinek, aki He was greeted wildly across the United States, hajlandó volt meghallgatni. Talán a legnagyobb spawned fashion trends and town names, and dialdalát az Egyesült Államokban érte el, amely inspired future US Presidents in defining Kossuthot keblére ölelte. democracy. Lafayette márki után Kossuth volt az első külföldi Kossuth learned English in exile and achieved a államférfi, aki az Egyesült Államokba meghívást level of proficiency few can match. One can kapott. Amerika-szerte lelkesen üdvözölték, describe Kossuth’s eloquence, but it is best to divatot szült, városokat neveztek el róla, és hear his own words. Allow me to switch to English eljövendő amerikai elnököket inspirált azzal, momentarily to read a short excerpt of Kossuth’s ahogyan a demokráciát meghatározta. extraordinary address to US Congress on January 7, 1852. Note how he not only allies (and endears) Kossuth a számüzetésben tanult meg angolul, s Hungary to the United States, he prophetically olyan tökélyre fejlesztette angolságát, amellyel describes the horrors of a centrally-dominated kevesen vehetik fel a versenyt. Ámbár lehetne írni communist political system: Kossuth ékesszólásáról, mégis a legjobb, ha erről Kossuth saját szavai tanuskodnak. Engedjék meg, “We Hungarians… have a natural horror hogy egy pillanatra angolra váltsak, s egy rövid against the principle of centralization. That részletet olvassak fel Kossuthnak az Amerikai fond attachment to municipal self- Kongresszus előtt 1852 január 7-én elhangzott government without which there is no különleges felszólalásából. Kérem, figyeljék meg, provincial freedom possible, is a hogy nemcsak Magyarországot teszi az Egyesült fundamental feature
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