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A Study of the Aklanon Dialect, Volume Two: Dictionary (Of Root

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. DoconisT RESUME ED 145-704 . FL'008 976 , . ApTHOR Salas Reyes, Vicente; And Others TITLE A Study of, the Aklanon Dialect, Volume Two: Dictionary (of Root Words and Derivations), Aklanoh . , to English. ' - , INSTITdTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C., . PUB DATE 69 NOT 401p. t EDRS PRICE MF-$0483 HC-$22.°9 'Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American English; *Dialect Studies; *Dictionaries;. " Etymology; Form ,Classes (LanquageS); Grammar;-Idioms: Language Patterns; Language Research; *Morphology* . (Languages); Morphophonemics; Reference, Books; . .. *Uncommonly Taught Languages; *Vocabulary IDENTIFIERS *Aklanon; Philippines , . ABSTRACT . ThiS Aklanon-English dictionary Consists of a lisi of 'basic toot words or word bases of Aklaion. The dictionary is designed to be used both by native speakers of Aklanon and by foreign learners: For, the former, it can serve to: (1) establish a uniform system of 'spelling,(2) broaden or 'intensify the use and. understanding of idiomatic standard Amer'ica'n' English, (3) serve As a reference book for the-standard speech:of Kalibo, (4) ,broaden the. 'vocabulary of ,those interested in studying their native language, and' (5) inttodude a more linguistically oriented study of Aklanon. For foreigw_learners, it is useful as a language-fearningtool. The dictionary is preceded by a discussion of toot words and their derivations, an outline of the six basic grammatical functions and .the basic parts.,of speech f Aklanon, a discussion of ..morphophonemic 'change,and an explanation of, the *Conventions fot spelling the °Aklanon dialect. A short bibliography of relevant references'follows the dictionary. "(CLK) V .11 co .* ********************************************************************** , . * Documents acquired by ERIC include:many informal unpUblished * * materials not available frot other sources. 'ERIC makes every.effort * * . to obtain' the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal .* * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects, the quality * * *-of. the iicrofiche and hardcopy reproduction_ s ERIC makes available * via. the ERIC Document Reproduction service (EDRS): EDRS is not * * responsible for-the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied-by EDRS-are the best that can be made fromthe original.' * '****,****************************************************************** , 7-`' -00; -;# Z. " '.".. 48 A STUDY OF THE AKLANON DIALECT 'Volume T.4%Vio DICTIONA [of root wods and deriv AKLANON TO .P.E '" Prof. Vicente Salas Reyes Mr. R. David Paul Zorc PRESIDENT LANGUAGE COORDINATOR Board of Trustees Western Visayan Region Northwestern Visayan Colleges U. S. Peace Corps Kalibo, Aklan Kalibo, Aklan [Aklanon Consultant] [Linguistics and Research] Mk. Nicolas L. Prado ,Other' editors and consultants: ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR - Mrs. Avelina R. Aranas Diviiion of Aklan - Miss Daisy P. Marasigan 'Bureau of Public SChools - Miss Ma. Nellie R. Pudo [Editor and Consultant] ,Mr. Donald Roberts U.SOEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS 0 EOUCATION L WELFAIRE Kalibo, Aklan MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION 1969 THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REP Public Domain ACTT OUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVE0 FRO THE PERSON OR OROANiZATIONORIG PIING IT POINTSOF VIEW OR OPINI STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPE- TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUT OF INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AND EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY USERS.OF THE ERIC SYSTEM " .....,711,,,,.....pm.:"3rmirwsr ,=,,t9r,r4*.v.............A.,.....,,,,,,,,,,,,.....rvimom... ....,,,, / ,:,. fI ': . 1. o - nNrypoirk4.277,-3,41q111rArteirr--rnirrur----,....... 10 Su, 9ylo 24f,G 2!-G as;27 Zaf Atria erano, a2rs /pato 4z?O4-u9 tzt2? 4,0yaS2W #T6- ,u02er7A' °Y'` Pa/ /~/7"1!Vj 94/27 7Pr41611/ 'X°,4 9192 lam ay, 'oe,opyta0oo ay/ 'q,/yea ay/ fieo/z.--1+ pig; . 951/ ?reepp2,19 6,2a0T6-i: 09z, re PdL' 75- 901 7Pardogy pnoau A.00-42)y)0 'PrOWV. f:27 #ue24ev Y/22-2 260 44!ii:3;" gy p e-cf, 170 r.17 34Z.ioxri; cfrg0e19 ;197/0 pkg. apvta uroy 7;e;) ..,-/111.40/06V opv- /2-7/22ap,.; /ou rvg; g17 Af,4,76" 0/,-/4.9* 4A9 '11010 v.riVfele03 awyp p 7/.0717 Iv egy 209207,07/ '149a9 Z41? "r/f ,r r-,- ff., I f f y/gy? /iwi,,z1/// dor, 7242 velz-rs6-. orig- 7s 9024A o ./AIA r pleitv Jneizr, toc9 1-.147rc: P14Y,6),W efr/ot) 7"e4a i11°X-3/' /7/,' 'Vrneg yprToyrniv ofv v aerzyo 70 5 . ,f'Xi"A"veftel!E .4 C, ,A STUDY OF THE AKLANON DIALECT,Volume Two AM:ANON TO ENGLISHDICTIONARY PAGE C PREFACE - I. ALPHABETICAL ORDERin this dictionary 1 II.' THE SPELLINGOF TIV ENTRIES. 2 III. INTRODUCTIONHOW .TO UNDERSTAND 3 DICTIONARY AND USE THIS 4 IV. ROOT WORDS ANDTHEIR DERIVATIONS 7 V. AN OUTLINE OFAKLANON'S SIX BASIC FUNCTIONS GRAMMATICAL t.10 Discussions Of: Topic,, Predicate,Associate, Object, Referent Centers: Aspect, Mode and and Verbal General Explanation ofFocus. VI. THE BASIC PARTS OF SPEECH INAKLANON VII. "THE CASE OF 25 THE MISSINGLINKS" MORPHOPHONEMIC CHANGE' . 32 NHL CONVENTIONSFOR SPELLING THE.AKLANON DIALECT 35 IX. AKLANON TOENGLISH DICTIONARY N.. "A"' 37 "B" 39 . "K" 69 . 116 "E" it/ (?- 151 '- ' 171 PH" N.4 189 , N 4 199 .4 ) "L" 223 "M" , s 238 4%, 1 49 I 265 "NG". : . .. "0" -.!'U".. ... 271 er 274. a 286 "S"' A t 319. 324 7W" 357 390 X. BIBLIOGRAPHY 393 . 396 . t * . ' ABBREVIATIONiS/AS . USED IN THIS TEXTcan be fOund on a fold -out, shr..et on the inside ofthe back cover. .f.-; --- .f? 4; a " ..- T4,53Yfrr,'m"MIrrwrrIrr":"7""gelromgrsavgre,m*rinwrssFormsraw i PREFACE This present book is the result of four years of painstakingresearch and re-edition. It is a Companion and follow-up volume to the GRAMMAR,published a year agO; but it Ps far more necessary and practical than itscompanion` volume. FOR AkLANONS it can serve the following functions: (1)to establish a uniform system of spelling throughoutthe province; (2) to broaden or intensify the use and understandingof idiomatic stan- dard American English, particularity for students andteachers; (3) to serve as a reference book for the Standard speech[including bor- rowed-and adopted terms] . of Kalibo - -the, geographical,educational, financial, mercantile and political center of the.province ofAklan; (4) to broaden fhe vocabulary and knowltdge of thoseinterested in studying their own native dialect, since not only common,but alsb "deep" and foreign words are included as,theyareactually Used; (5) to introduce a more linguistically oriented studyof the Aklan'on language in order to break off from a long-standing traditionof "folk linguistics" and so-called "dialect experts". FOR FOREIGN LEARNERS twhetlibr-Western orother Filipinos} it has thefodow.- tug uses: (1)to help in translating the words of thydialect into the morereach- able idiom of English; (2) to indicate the actual use of root words as they occurin current Aklanon speech; (3) to act as a pronunciation guide, since, accents andphonemi9 spellings [with some exceptions] are indicated; (4) to serveas a list of the most common and several uncommonwords which could be memorized from,time to time. FOR LINGUISTS we hope toprovide ano er humble treatment of a hitherto unre- searched language and enrich the catalog of literatureavailable on the less known dia- lects and Ianguages of the world.In addition, the word list contained herein' should be of interest to etymologists as they will note thelarge'number of reflexes or words re- lated to other Philippine dialects and languages. .Neither this dictionary nor its authors purport to havegathered every word in the Aklanon language, but a major number are certainly represented.Native Speakers who a may browse through this book will besurprised at seeing 1.very large representation of English and Spanish words. Some maybe,tempteito criticize their presence here: How- ever, one need only eavesdrop on anyconversationof local people--be .it formal or informal--and hear for himself the overwhelming number ofborrowed terms in actual Use. The authors have operates on the principle that the sounds floatingin,Aldanoti air.. make up the total part and parcel of Aklanon sp ech,andshould be represented here. For those who will be startled to see borrowedfOreign or vulgar word'sb we ask their. forbearance and understanding in this matter. PROF. VICENTE SALAS REYES . PCV R. DAVID PAUL ZORC MR. NICOLAS L. PRADO - 1 - t PLEASE ROTE that the letters "m", "k" and "p". haVe 'nen greatly reduced in size by eliminatuidthe Ma-,Ica-,pa-, and pang- prefixes and listing the words under each root word.Hence, "matam-11" is foqnd under "Ulm-is", "panindahan" und5h "tihda(h)".This will involve some creative thinking on the part of the user, for he will have to discover a root word before he can look up any entrysin this dictionary. L ALPHABETICAL ORDER For the sake of convenience and to eliminate the doubling of entries,the following alphabetical order was selected, including: the vernaculatization of foreign.sounds and the union of the vowel sounds "i - e" and '!o - u".Letters on a hdrizontal line are alphabetically equivalent. 1. a a . 2.b 3. k c,'qu,cu 4."d j/dy/ 5. e (Aklanon fricative consonant] e 6. g 7. li j /h/ 8.-i 9. 1 10. in r' 11. n H /ny/ 12.ng t 13. o -u 14. 15. 16, s z,c 17. t ch /ts/ , 18. w . c19. y In cakes where traditional Aklanon would spell several words identically because of- omitted accents (stress) or glottal stops, we give first precedence to stress difference [penultimatestresd precedes final stress) and then to open vowels Rh)) before glottal- ized vowels [1, as in: biga(h) (n) glowing embqrs baga' (n) Itmg(s) 1120' (adj) swollen lalbo(h) (n) pipe, tube . tdbo' (RV7) to sprout, grow; increase ,tub6 (n) sugar cane , bobo (n) dolt,simpleton, fool bo-bo' (RV2)to pour out - 2- la a AN- a p . H. THE SPELLING OF. THE ENTRIES . , Many readers may well be 'surprised' at the spelling ofsome of thfilent;ies.tn/thjs dictionary.Since Aklanon is a language where the traditional spelling of wordS)/ery, very elotiely matches the pronullciation.of the words, the authors have chosen to re- present even foreign words with ,a native spelling, There isa long-standing tradition of such a procedure in written 'language.Even modern English tends-to simplify its spellineby changinpight" to "nite", '"although" to "althoil and "catalogue"to' O'catalor.
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    38 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 39 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN 42 TULOMA RIVER BASIN 44 JAKOBSELV RIVER BASIN 44 PAATSJOKI RIVER BASIN 45 LAKE INARI 47 NÄATAMÖ RIVER BASIN 47 TENO RIVER BASIN 49 YENISEY RIVER BASIN 51 OB RIVER BASIN Chapter 1 40 WHITE SEA, BARENT SEA AND KARA SEA This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE BARENTS SEA, THE WHITE SEA AND THE KARA SEA Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Oulanka …1 White Sea FI, RU … Kola Fjord > Tuloma 21,140 FI, RU … Barents Sea Jacobselv 400 Barents Sea NO, RU … Paatsjoki 18,403 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Lake Inari Näätämö 2,962 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU … Teno 16,386 Barents Sea FI, NO … Yenisey 2,580,000 Kara Sea MN, RU … Lake Baikal > - Selenga 447,000 Angara > Yenisey > MN, RU Kara Sea Ob 2,972,493 Kara Sea CN, KZ, MN, RU - Irtysh 1,643,000 Ob CN, KZ, MN, RU - Tobol 426,000 Irtysh KZ, RU - Ishim 176,000 Irtysh KZ, RU 1 5,566 km2 to Lake Paanajärvi and 18,800 km2 to the White Sea. Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN1 Finland (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the basin of the Oulanka River.
  • Mondays to Sundays Dial 19 for Room Service

    Mondays to Sundays Dial 19 for Room Service

    6:00AM - 11:30PM | MONDAYS TO SUNDAYS DIAL 19 FOR ROOM SERVICE BREAKFAST American Breakfast P250 Breakfast Burrito P250 • Two fried eggs Sausage patty, bacon, 2 pieces eggs, hash brown with • Ham or Crispy Bacon cilantro leaves wrapped in tortilla, • Bread, butter & jam served with sliced tomatoes • Coffee or tea and grilled button mushrooms on the side • Chilled orange juice or sliced fresh fruit in season with choice of coffee, tea or chilled orange juice. Filipino Breakfast P250 Dirty Breakfast P269 • Two fried eggs Our version of the English breakfast: crispy bacon • Choice of Beef Tapa, Pork Longganisa, Chicken and sausage patty, two fried eggs, beans served Longganisa, Skinless Longganisa, Pork Tocino, with hash browns and grilled button mushrooms, Chicken Tocino, or Corned Beef with choice of coffee, tea or chilled orange juice. • Garlic fried rice • Pickled papaya Pancake/Waffles P120 • Coffee or tea Served with butter and maple syrup • Chilled orange juice or sliced fresh fruit in season with ham P180 with bacon P220 Breakfast Ala Carte Fried Eggs P100 Extra Bacon P120 Plain Bread P80 Plain Omelette P100 Oatmeal with Fresh Milk P100 Wheat Bread P80 Vegetable Omelette P120 Cornflakes with Fresh Milk P100 Garlic Bread P80 Ham & Cheese Omelette P150 SOUP Cheddar Broccoli Soup P150 Minestrone Soup P120 Rich cheddar cheese perfectly balanced A hearty Italian clear soup made wholesome flavorful with fresh broccoli. Served with a slice of toast. vegetables. Served with a slice of toast. Cream of Zucchini Soup Cream of Mushroom Soup P120 with Herbs P130 Creamy mushroom soup topped with croutons. Freshly pureed zucchini in a creamy soup.
  • Bronze Age Human Communities in the Southern Urals Steppe: Sintashta-Petrovka Social and Subsistence Organization

    Bronze Age Human Communities in the Southern Urals Steppe: Sintashta-Petrovka Social and Subsistence Organization

    BRONZE AGE HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS STEPPE: SINTASHTA-PETROVKA SOCIAL AND SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATION by Igor V. Chechushkov B.A. (History), South Ural State University, 2005 Candidate of Sciences (History), Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2013 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Igor V. Chechushkov It was defended on April 4, 2018 and approved by Dr. Francis Allard, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Dr. Loukas Barton, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Marc Bermann, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Robert D. Drennan, Distinguished Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Igor V. Chechushkov 2018 iii BRONZE AGE HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS STEPPE: SINTASHTA-PETROVKA SOCIAL AND SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATION Igor V. Chechushkov, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2018 Why and how exactly social complexity develops through time from small-scale groups to the level of large and complex institutions is an essential social science question. Through studying the Late Bronze Age Sintashta-Petrovka chiefdoms of the southern Urals (cal. 2050–1750 BC), this research aims to contribute to an understanding of variation in the organization of local com- munities in chiefdoms. It set out to document a segment of the Sintashta-Petrovka population not previously recognized in the archaeological record and learn about how this segment of the population related to the rest of the society.
  • Characterization of Human Body Odor and Identification of Aldehydes Using Chemical Sensor

    Characterization of Human Body Odor and Identification of Aldehydes Using Chemical Sensor

    Rev Anal Chem 2017; 36(2): 20160028 Sunil Kr. Jha* Characterization of human body odor and identification of aldehydes using chemical sensor DOI 10.1515/revac-2016-0028 to several chemical classes, including aldehyde, acid, Received April 27, 2016; accepted November 1, 2016; previously amine, alcohol, hydrocarbon, ketones, sterols, sulfur published online December 21, 2016 compounds, and terpenoids, generating human body odor (Amoore 1977, Fang et al. 1998, Toan et al. 1999, Abstract: Human body odor is a unique identity feature of Clancy and McVicar 2002, Jain 2004, Statheropoulos individual as well as an established composite of numer- et al. 2005, Havlicek and Lenochova 2006, Steeghs ous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to sig- et al. 2006, Wedekind et al. 2006, Penn et al. 2007, nificant chemical classes. Several analytical methods have D’Amico et al. 2008b, Preti and Leyden 2010, Wisthaler been used in the characterization of human body odor in and Weschler 2010, Yamazaki et al. 2010, Seeley et al. order to recognize the chemical composition of VOCs in 2011, Thorn and Greenman 2012, Agapiou et al. 2015a,b, medical, forensic, and biometric applications. Besides, Buljubasic and Buchbauer 2015, Sorokowska et al. 2015, real-time sensing systems (based on the chemical sensors) Allen et al. 2016, Colón-Crespo et al. 2016, Fialová et al. are being researched and developed for qualitative and 2016, Gildersleeve et al. 2016, Prokop-Prigge et al. 2016, quantitative recognition of VOCs in body odor. The pre- Sorokowska et al. 2016, Stefanuto and Focant 2016, sent review focuses the state-of-the-art research outcomes Verhulst et al.