Insecta Mundia Journal of World Insect Systematics
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February 16 INSECTA 2018 0608 1–17 A Journal of World Insect Systematics MUNDI 0608 Dasymutilla Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) in Panama: new species, sex associations and seasonal flight activity Roberto A. Cambra Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panamá Kevin A. Williams California Department of Food & Agriculture Sacramento, CA, USA Diomedes Quintero Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panamá Donald M. Windsor Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá John Pickering University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Daisy Saavedra Empresas Melo 026, Vía España, Río Abajo, Panamá, Panamá Date of issue: February 16, 2018 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Cambra, Williams, Quintero, Windsor, Pickering and Saavedra Dasymutilla Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) in Panama: new species, sex associations and seasonal flight activity Insecta Mundi 0608: 1–17 ZooBank Registered: LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:25FAB568-5F43-47D6-8DED-B34C32E51F64 Published in 2018 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. 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Williams California Department of Food & Agriculture Sacramento, CA, USA [email protected] Diomedes Quintero Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panamá [email protected] Donald M. Windsor Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá [email protected] John Pickering University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA [email protected] Daisy Saavedra Empresas Melo 026, Vía España, Río Abajo, Panamá, Panamá [email protected] Abstract. A taxonomic revision of Panamanian species of the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Mutil- lidae) is presented and a key for the six species is given, all recognized from both sexes. Dasymutilla colorado Cambra, Williams and Quintero sp. nov., from central and eastern Panama, is described and illustrated. Sex associations permitted us to make the following five synonymies: D. sleipniri Manley and Pitts, 2007 (male) under D. phya (Cameron, 1895) (female); D. deyrollesi Mickel, 1937 (male) and Sphaerophthama [sic.] temaxen- sis Cameron, 1895 under Dasymutilla araneoides (Smith, 1862) (female); D. ionothorax Manley and Pitts, 2007 (male) under Dasymutilla spilota Manley and Pitts, 2007 (female); and D. guanacaste Manley and Pitts, 2007 (male) under D. paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1874) (female). Seasonal flight activity for Dasymutilla from six years of continuous malaise trappings in Barro Colorado Island is presented. Key words. Sphaeropthalminae, taxonomy, Neotropic, new synonymies, new distribution records. Introduction Dasymutilla Ashmead, 1899 is a genus of mutillid wasp that ranges southward from the United States into Mexico, Central America, and northern South America (Manley and Pitts 2007). Larvae of Dasy- mutilla are mainly parasitoids of prepupae or pupae of ground-nesting wasps and bees. Manley and Pitts (2007) indicate that of the 139 species and subspecies of tropical and subtropical Dasymutilla, the hosts for only 14 species are known. 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0608, February 2018 CAMBRA ET AL. Recent work on the taxonomy of the genus Dasymutilla has improved our knowledge of the mutillid fauna of Central America and the Caribbean with the description of 45 new species, seven new synonymies and some new combinations in the last ten years (Manley and Pitts 2007; Williams and Pitts 2013; Luz et al. 2016). Many Central American species, however, are known from a single sex and little is known about their seasonality of flight. Mutillid seasonality and abundance are poorly understood in general, though a few studies have been conducted using malaise or pitfall traps in the New World (Deyrup and Manley 1990; Flores et al. 2004; Aranda and Graciolli 2016; Vieira et al. 2017). Brothers (2006) noted that species of Dasymutilla and Traumatomutilla André, 1901 have morpho- logical characteristics in common, and thus considered synonymizing or subdividing these two genera. Because each genus includes over 150 species across a broad geographic range, intra-generic variation in structural features is high (Manley and Pitts 2007; Williams et al. 2017). Unpublished molecular phylogenetic analyses (Williams 2012), however, revealed reciprocal monophyly for the genera. The most consistent feature that Williams (2012) found for dividing these clades, however, was presence in North America (Dasymutilla) or South America (Traumatomutilla). Years of dedicated work will be needed to elucidate the relationship between these large genera, but a treatment of species in the southernmost country where Dasymutilla is dominant could be a vital step in that process. Therefore, we here present a focused view of Dasymutilla in Panama. Extensive collecting efforts and museum work facilitated discovery of five new synonymies. Now, all six species are known from both sexes; for comparison, Costa Rica has 16 species, but only nine are known from both sexes (Manley and Pitts 2007). In addition, we present seasonal flight records for three Dasymutilla species sympatric on Barro Colorado Island, and report new distribution records. Materials and Methods The study site for flight seasonality was the field station of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti- tute (STRI) in Barro Colorado Island (BCI), located in Gatun Lake of the Panama Canal, 9°09′17″N, 79°50′53″W. The island has a territorial extension of 54 km2, an elevation of approximately 137 m above sea level and is covered by lowland tropical forest. BCI presents an annual precipitation of 2623 mm, nearly 90% of which falls in the rainy season, mid-May to mid-December (Windsor 1990). Day-time temperatures can reach an average of 32° C, with night-time lows of approximately 23° C. The sea- sonal activity of Dasymutilla flight was studied by sampling specimens from 10 Malaise traps (Townes modified) installed at ground level in the old forest (Fig. 1) by the Smithsonian Environmental Stud- ies program (see Richards and Windsor 2007). The samples we examined were collected weekly from January 2001 to December 2006. Specimens from BCI were identified by RAC and the collection data were initially presented in Saavedra (2014).